In short
How Buddhist “phrases” and meditation practices help people change their relationship to anxiety, overthinking, overwhelm, self-criticism, rumination, and difficult emotions by reducing reactivity and aversion.
Guest
Joseph Goldstein, meditation teacher and co-founder of the Insight Meditation Society; longtime practitioner; author of One Dharma and Mindfulness.
Key claims
- Overthinking feeds itself through aversion and reactivity; aversion strengthens what you dislike.
- Thoughts are “empty of inherent substance” and lose their dictatorial power when noticed as thoughts.
- Mindfulness works by noticing feeling tone (vedana) and sense doors; humor and smiling weaken judgment.
- Perspective phrases normalize unwanted experiences as inevitable and help acceptance without passivity.
Notable examples
- “Up and out”: early India retreat memories (even sitcom reruns) surfaced, then faded; used off-cushion to move persistent thoughts along.
- “Little dictators”: a single “pizza” thought led to an impulsive trip and a burned mouth.
- Counting judgments: at IMS dining, “seeing, seeing, seeing” stopped soft background judgments; later counting “judgment one…ten thousand” made them ridiculous.
- “It’s not Bosnia / Sudan / Gaza”: reframing mundane struggles against larger suffering.
- “Anything can happen anytime”: knee injury story leading to acceptance and continued teaching.
- “It’s okay”: fear practice shift—accepting fear for life relaxed the “ball” of fear.
Written by AI. May contain mistakes. Listen to the episode to check what was said.
Chapters
Tap a time to open that second in VOIntroducing Joseph Goldstein
0:45 to 3:18
Dan introduces meditation teacher Joseph Goldstein and their discussion on anxiety and overthinking.
“This episode is part of an occasional series we've been running with Joseph where I interview him about the various teaching phrases he uses.”
The Concept of 'Up and Out'
3:32 to 8:02
Joseph explains the phrase 'up and out' and its significance in meditation and mindfulness.
“And I've put the overthinking phrases, I front loaded those.”
Understanding Aversion and Thought Patterns
8:02 to 13:20
Discussion on aversion, mindfulness, and how it affects thought patterns.
“It's just like, let's move it along, kids.”
Exploring 'Little Dictators'
13:20 to 14:02
Joseph introduces the concept of 'little dictators' in our thoughts and how they influence us.
“Let's step back and say, you have a bunch of phrases that are really helpful for overthinking, but let's just step back for a second and talk about a phrase that I feel is more descriptive of thinking generally.”
Understanding Thoughts as Dictators
14:02 to 17:04
Explore how thoughts can dominate our actions unless we become mindful of their nature.
“The phrase came to mind when I realized that when we are really investigating the nature of thought as a phenomenon.”
Assessing the Value of Thoughts
17:04 to 20:18
Learn frameworks for evaluating whether to act on thoughts based on Buddhist precepts.
“Well, first to say that when we are in that mindful space, they're no longer dictators.”
The Power of Counting Thoughts
20:18 to 25:30
Discover the technique of counting thoughts to mitigate self-criticism and judgments.
“We're not going to talk about this phrase now.”
Perception of Thoughts: Painted Tigers
25:30 to 28:04
Understand the metaphor of painted tigers to differentiate between thoughts and reality.
“Well, here's a funny phrase along those lines.”
Confronting Overthinking and Rumination
28:04 to 35:59
Learn techniques to shift perspective on overwhelming thoughts and feelings.
“they're all painted tigers in some way, because they're not the thing itself, but particularly with thoughts that are not helpful.”
The Wisdom of Perspective
37:17 to 42:05
Explore how appreciating the absence of suffering can shift your mindset.
“So to my understanding is the wisdom of the non-toothache is can you appreciate when things are going well, when you don't have a toothache?”
Show all 19 chapters
Understanding Unwanted Experiences
42:05 to 45:08
Learn how to change your perspective on unwanted experiences and their inevitability.
“So it's not a mistake that they're happening.”
Personal Anecdote: The Hike and Knee Injury
45:08 to 51:12
Joseph Goldstein shares a personal story about an injury and its life lessons.
“The contemplation of your mortality is not a bad way to jar you out of overthinking.”
Personal Anecdote: The Hike and Knee Injury
51:19 to 51:31
Joseph Goldstein shares a personal story about an injury and its life lessons.
“That's Q-U-I-N-C-E dot com slash happier for free shipping and 365 day returns.”
Navigating Change and Acceptance
52:02 to 56:00
Discussing how to skillfully navigate a chaotic world through the lens of impermanence.
“Just to reset, I think, you know, we started this conversation talking about dealing with overthinking specifically.”
Exploring the Nature of Sadness
56:00 to 58:20
Discussing the complexity of sadness and its distinction from unhappiness.
“and still do at times, but it's just things becoming otherwise.”
Acceptance of Fear and Its Transformative Power
58:20 to 1:02:10
Sharing personal experiences of dealing with fear and the importance of acceptance.
“you have a phrase that's been very helpful for me with all kinds of emotions, whether they're afflictive or not.”
Mind States and Their Impermanence
1:02:10 to 1:06:26
Understanding mind states, their temporary nature, and reframing our thoughts about them.
“And lighter, we're letting go of that strong identification with it.”
Identifying What Matters Most
1:06:26 to 1:10:07
Discussing the importance of aligning actions with personal values in decision-making.
“It's a lens, a pair of goggles that has been really helpful for me.”
Reflecting on Values for Decision Making
1:10:07 to 1:13:47
Learn how reflecting on personal values can guide important life decisions.
“And in that situation, there could be a whole process, a whole reflective process of actually sitting down and writing down, okay, what are my values in this situation?”
Transcript
Automatic transcript. May contain errors.0:04This is the 10 % Happier Podcast. I'm Dan Harris.
0:18Hello, everybody. How we doing? This is an episode for overthinkers, worriers, the anxious, basically everybody. In this conversation, I talked to my longtime friend and meditation teacher Joseph Goldstein about some time-tested hacks he has for overthinking anxiety, overwhelm, and the like. For those of you unfamiliar with Joseph, he is the co-founder of the legendary retreat center, the Insight Meditation Society. He's also written such books as One Dharma and Mindfulness. This episode is part of an occasional series we've been running with Joseph where I interview him about the various teaching phrases he uses.
0:55Let me explain what I mean by that. Joseph likes to teach using pithy little mottos, Buddhist earworms that weasel their way into your brain and surface just at the moment when you need the most. These are incredibly helpful little mantras that I use all the time in my own life. And by the way, the eventual goal of these interviews is to turn them all into a book, a collection of Joseph's phrases. So this is a great episode. You're going to love it. Speaking of Joseph, by the way, you can learn from the man himself in his outstanding seven-module meditation masterclass over on my newish meditation app, 10 % with Dan Harris.
1:34From sensations to thoughts and emotions, this series gives you all the tools to build a practice, choose a focus, or simply begin again. In addition to Joseph's Meditation Masterclass, the app also includes a growing library of meditations from a bunch of world-class teachers, add free access to this podcast, exclusive live stream events every week with me and my many amazing meditation teacher friends. And one of the coolest things about it is we've got a robust, supportive, nonjudgmental series of discussion threads where you can ask questions, share tips and struggles, and connect with our team and one another.
2:09There is a free 14-day trial if you want to try before you buy. Check it out at danharris.com. We'll get started with Joseph Goldstein right after this. I made a new friend recently, and he was telling me that his wife is an avid listener to the show. She's so loyal, in fact, that she's now wearing quince on the regular, and she wanted me to know that. I, too, wear a lot of quince, not only because they're a sponsor of the show, but also because they make really good stuff. They focus on well-made essentials that naturally become those everyday staples you actually live in all season long. Quince's 100 % European linen pants and shirts are breathable, easy to throw on, and the summer upgrade your rotation needs starting at just$34.
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3:26That's quince.com slash happier for free shipping and 365-day returns. quince.com slash happier. Hello again, Joseph. All right. So I've compiled a bunch of phrases that I think, and it's possible that you'll have to correct me that I'm misusing the phrases, but I think these phrases all have to do with a noxious trio of overthinking, overwhelm, anxiety. And I've put the overthinking phrases, I front loaded those. So one that has been really helpful for me, and this is, I think I've heard you use it as a specifically as a meditation instruction, but I think in my own life, I've used it off the cushion and it is up and out.
4:13So there's an interesting backstory to this phrase as there is with almost all of them, because they came out of the lived experience of trying to put all this into practice. So this goes back to my early practice days in India. So I was quite young, my 20s, really getting into long-term intensive meditation in India. After the beginning period when my mind had really settled and was kind of in the flow, all of these ridiculous memories started flooding my mind, like re-seeing old TV shows that I had seen as a kid, like Father Knows Best, which you're probably too young to even know of that. I've heard of it.
5:04It was just one of these early family sitcoms. And the fact that they were still in my mind, unbeknownst to me, you know, those memories, but in the course of sitting, they just started coming and coming and coming. And there are a lot of things like that when the mind gets a little more calm and collected and mindful and concentrated and all that. And still, it seems like it opens the door to the emergence of all of these memories, images, thoughts, you know, that we've been carrying around have been carried in the mind over all these years. And some of them were just so ridiculous. Why are these coming up to the mind?
5:51You know, but that's when I began to get the sense, oh yeah, it's all in there. And now I really have the belief that everything we've ever experienced is stored somehow in in this mystery called memory, which is kind of a mystery, how all that works. But it's all in there. And when we make the space, it just all starts coming up and that's what up and out, because over time it felt like a cleansing in a certain way. So they came, came, came, and then they stopped coming, you know, and then some other memories, so it was like that. And that feeling of allowing things to come up, be with them, be mindful and out.
6:41Sometimes it's about very unimportant things like reruns of Father Knows Best, but sometimes it can be, you know, even difficult memories or sometimes even traumatic memories, you know, that come up with practice. And over time, if we can develop a kind of equanimity and being with them and seeing them, it deconditions the power they have in the mind because we're learning to see them without reactivity. So that's another example. Okay. Up and out. I found that over these many years, it really has freed the mind from a lot of these situations in the past that were difficult or some kind of emotional struggle involved.
7:31And then having them come up in the meditation and being with them in an equanimous way, again, it was up and out. And I think that's what creates that sense of more space in the mind and more ease and more freedom. The way I have used it until now, it may be a somewhat limited deployment of the phrase, but when I'm bird-dogged by particularly persistent thoughts that are no longer useful, it's just a rehash. Yes. up and out. Up and out. Yes. It's not hostile. It's just like, let's move it along, kids. Yes. Yes. No, it's a phrase that can both suggest to us, but also reflect what's happening, that it's a way of letting go.
8:17It's just a way of letting go of whatever attachment or identification with them was there that keeps them lodged in. So I think it can be used to describe on a lot of different levels how that process happens. It seems key to me, this is an error I've made many times, it seems key to me not to have a creeping aversion. Absolutely. There's one principle in, I think in meditation and in life, that when we have aversion to something, it's actually feeding it. It's strengthening it. And so, not only is aversion itself an unwholesome mind state, it's also counterproductive in terms of relating to whatever it is that we have aversion to.
9:10It's actually strengthening our connection to it in that negative way. But I think often we don't see that. You know, if we have aversion to something, yeah, I want to get rid of this. I wish this would go away. and all the time we're feeding it. So it's really interesting to watch that. How do we make sure we're not feeding it? Well, through mindfulness and equanimity. We have aversion to things because in one way or another we feel them as being unpleasant. We generally don't have aversion to pleasant things. So as we've spoken in previous episodes or discussions, Vedana, or the feeling tone, when we're not mindful of it, conditions reactivity.
10:06So pleasant conditions desire, unpleasant conditions aversion. So if we can be equanimous with the unpleasant feeling of whatever it is, then we're with it, but without aversion. And that's how the mind stays free and more effective in seeing, okay, well, what's the best response here without off-feeding it? Just to fill in your refresher on Vedna, in the Buddhist view, everything that arises in the mind, everything you notice, or even the things you don't notice, physical sensations, thoughts, etc., has a so-called feeling tone, a kind of valence to it. It's either pleasant, unpleasant, or neutral.
10:48So we either want it, don't want it, or we don't care. And aversion arises when the feeling tone is unpleasant. Often our thoughts, especially when we're overthinking, are unpleasant. And we may be tempted to use a phrase like up and out with hostility. You're saying one way to not have this process backfire with some unseen aversion is to be mindful of the feeling tone and the underlying thought process in this case. I often find that I'm using up and out to kind of usher things along when I feel like I've already processed it. I've already sat with my ancient resentment of the bullies in seventh grade.
11:33And I don't need to run through a big process of being mindful of it, investigating its feeling tone. This is more like, oh, I know what that tape is. I'm just going to kind of pleasantly move things along. Am I saying all of this correctly? Yes, except for one thing that I'll clarify. Please. No, that's basically it. And so then you're really using that phrase as just... In a way, an acknowledgement of what's happening. Yeah. You're not using it to have it happen. You're just noticing, oh yeah, this is what's going on. This is coming up and out, which I think is, can be helpful because it reinforces the understanding that that kind of awareness will result in that letting go of it.
12:21Just the one slight refinement about Vedana or the feeling tone. sometimes people may think that the quality of pleasant or unpleasant inheres in the object, but the feel and tone reflects how we're experiencing the object. So two different people may experience the same thing. One may find it unpleasant, another may find it neutral, Or perhaps in some cases even pleasant. So that's an important distinction because in some way it's giving us agency in the process of working with it. Of realizing that even on that basic level of how it's experienced as being pleasant and unpleasant is a result of our own conditioning.
13:13It's not about the object itself. Did that seem clear? It does seem clear, yes. Let's step back and say, you have a bunch of phrases that are really helpful for overthinking, but let's just step back for a second and talk about a phrase that I feel is more descriptive of thinking generally. And this is a phrase that you actually referenced in one of our earlier episodes in this series on the phrases, and it is tiny dictators. Can you talk a little bit about that one? Just to clarify, I use the phrase little dictators. Oh, little dictators. Okay, my bad. little dictators of the mind. I just want the listener to note how often you have to correct me.
13:55I don't know who they're going to feel bad for, you or me. So what was the question about this phrase? Just the derivation and what you mean by little dictators. The phrase came to mind when I realized that when we are really investigating the nature of thought as a phenomenon. And this is what we've talked about. We see that little more than nothing. And yet when we look at our lives, and when I look at my life, when I'm not seeing thought in that way, it's like all these thoughts will come. This is an example that goes way back, but it shows the point. I remember one time I was teaching, this is when Naropa University was first starting in Colorado, or this new Buddhist college and university.
14:47So I was teaching there in the opening summer sessions, and I had a little apartment that they were housing me in. And I remember one evening, I'm just sitting comfortably in my apartment, and the thought comes, oh, pizza would be nice. And it's like the thought lifted me up, took me out the door downtown to get a pizza, started eating it, burned my mouth. So, I just went on. Where did all that come from? It came from that one little thought, which in itself was a little more than nothing. And that's a trivial example of what happens so, so often in the course of a day. And so the contrast between seeing it's essentially empty nature when we are aware of that, and how much power thoughts have in our lives when we're not aware, and we don't have the space in that moment to discern, is this worth going for?
15:55Do I really want the pizza? So it's not to say we should never act on our thoughts, because of course we do, and we need to. but most of the time it's automatic being not mindful of thoughts gives them this tremendous power in our lives and as we are aware it just opens up a lot of space for wise discernment i have a question before i ask you the question just to insert but if anybody heard joseph say they're empty nature in reference to thoughts we have a bunch of episodes on what emptiness is but very, very quickly a sentence, meaning in this case, empty of inherent substance. There is no, you can't find your thought.
16:41It's a mysterious little quantum burst of energy with no inherent substance and it is not yours. By the way, there's also no you. Check out those other episodes if you want to hear about that. Anyway, my question is, how do we know which thoughts, which dictators to obey in which to organize a coup d 'etat? Well, first to say that when we are in that mindful space, they're no longer dictators. We might think of them as suggestions because we're aware, oh yeah, this is just a thought. Okay, is it helpful? Is it not helpful? So it's lost its dictatorial powers. I mean, there are lots of frameworks by which, through which we can assess, you know, is this a good thing to do, not a good thing to do?
17:36A very basic one within the Buddhist context, the foundation of the meditative journey and really the foundation for wise living in general is framed in terms of the five precepts. five ethical precepts. And that's pretty fundamental in the Buddhist teachings. And just to reiterate what they are, it's refraining from killing and stealing and sexual misconduct and unskillful speech and taking intoxicants that just confuse the mind. So that's just a very broad framework in terms of ethical behavior. that we can see, okay, is this action that's being proposed by a thought, is this in alignment with those precepts or not?
18:34That's one framework. Another framework could be just a very kind of ordinary assessment of, if I act on this thought, will it actually be effective in achieving my aims? Sometimes we may have ideas of what we'd like to accomplish, and a whole range of thoughts can arise about accomplishing them, but some may be effective and some not. It just gives space for this discernment, for this assessment. another very general framework stems from the Buddhist understanding that wholesome and unwholesome actions, you could say wise or unwise actions, or skillful and unskillful actions, can all be traced back to three roots.
19:34The three roots of unwholesome actions are greed, hatred, and delusion. So this is the Buddhist framework of understanding that. So that could be another assessment. Is this just more greed that this thought is? Or is it aversion? If it's delusion, we're probably too deluded to even know that it's delusion. And likewise, the wholesome non-greed, generosity, non-version, hatred, love, non-delusion is wisdom. So that just having in mind, even in a general way, kind of in the background of our mind, do we check in with the motivation, you know, and the quality of the motivation. So there are many, there are many ways of assessing whether we should act on the thought or not.
20:23That was very helpful. Nice job, Goldstein. Just a teaser. We're not going to talk about this phrase now. Now, you talked about evaluating the thought in terms of, does it help me with my goals, my aims? There is a great phrase to help one clarify one's goals and aims, but we're not going to do that now because we're going to stay with overthinking. What I have found to be a very useful tactic strategy suggested by you for specifically with self-criticism is to count the thoughts. Yes, I love this one. a very common pattern in people. And it comes up very clearly on meditation retreats, or even for oneself, just sitting at home.
21:12And if we're paying attention to our thoughts and the kind of thoughts that are arising, the judging mind is just so prevalent. It could be judgments of others could be judgments of ourselves. Just as an example of this, again, I was on one retreat at IMS, and really being as mindful as I could, going to the dining room for lunch, and on this one day, I noticed that my mind had a comment about everyone I saw, about what they were wearing, how quickly they were moving, how much food they took from the lunch count. It was ridiculous. And it was just this run. They weren't loud in my mind. They were kind of soft background thoughts.
22:00But it was ridiculous. So this is a little aside from the counting, which I'll get to. But what I found very effective in that regard, and it might be applicable in different life situations, When I saw just what my mind was doing, I started investigating, well, why are they coming? And I realized they were arising in the mind because I was seeing, in this case, all the other people, unmindfully. I was not mindful that I was seeing. So when I saw that, for a while, every time I went into the dining room, all I would note seeing, seeing, seeing. From the time I walked in, getting the food, bringing it to the table, seeing, seeing.
22:53The judgments were gone. And it was such a good lesson in how we have to really practice being mindful at each of the sense doors. And for some reason, even in the way we teach, For some reason, we underplay being mindful of seeing. We talk a lot about hearing, body sensations, and movement, and thoughts. But actually seeing, for most people with working eyes, vision is the predominant sense field. We're wandering around in the field of what's being seen. And if we're not mindful, and we can observe this very clearly, we're continually reacting to what's being seen. I like it. I don't like it.
23:47Judging, commenting. And it's all because we're simply not being mindful that we're seeing. So that, in that situation, was the antidote to all those judgments. But sometimes it's not from seeing. Sometimes we're just sitting with our eyes closed and all these judgments and often self-judgments are coming up. So at one point, when there was just a run of them for whatever reason, I just started counting them. Judgment one, judgment two, judgment 538, judgment 10 ,000. And at a certain point, one just has to smile. one sees how ridiculous it is, and as soon as we can smile at them, they lose their power.
24:41Because it goes back to what we were saying just before. Those judgments are fed either because we believe them and are identified with them, or we have aversion to them, to the fact that they're arising. And it's pretty easy to understand, oh yeah, if I believe them and are identified with them, that's going to feed them. But often people don't realize that our aversion to them equally strengthens them. So that's why the sense of humor and the smile, that's just the magic key. But how to get to that place, I found the counting really helps because it just makes it It's so obvious how ridiculous it is.
25:29Yeah. So humor is a huge aid as we're watching our minds. Well, here's a funny phrase along those lines. The thought of your mother is not your mother. Yes. Yes. Uh, there was something my teacher Meningergy would say very often to remind us. It's just a thought, but we invest so much in the thoughts when we're not seeing that it's just a thought. And again, I want to reiterate, I'm not suggesting that thoughts aren't useful. Thoughts can be a powerful force in our lives for the good. I mean, people have gotten enlightened just hearing certain teachings, which is a thought process. The hearing teachings, we're understanding them through our thoughts.
26:23they can be a direct pointing to the deepest truths. So it's to be clear that I'm not suggesting that they don't have value. We just have to be a little more discerning. And that discernment only comes when we're aware that we're thinking. So it's all a package. Does the phrase painted tiger feel apropos? Probably. so it's apropos particularly with regard to the thought of your mother is not your mother it's a thought so there's a zen story it's probably apocryphal but it's a good story it's about the zen monk living up in the mountains in a cave and he was a great artist and for whatever reason he was using painting as his practice So, he's up there in the mountains in his cave, years, painting this tiger on the wall of the cave.
27:26And he was a really good artist, and he spent all this time. And so, by the end of it, he looked at the tiger, the painted tiger, and got frightened. And so, a good mental note with regard to thoughts might be painted tiger. There was no tiger there. It was just a painting. Whatever we're thinking about is not the thing itself. It's just a thought. And so, I find that just, again, another slightly humorous way of reminding ourselves not to simply believe every thought that comes into the mind, because many of them, they're all painted tigers in some way, because they're not the thing itself, but particularly with thoughts that are not helpful.
28:22But for whatever reason, we're believing them. They're painted tiger. So there are some phrases here that I have found provide perspective in the face of overthinking or rumination. One of them is consider your sila. Does that land for you? Yeah. So I was, this was a time when I was in Burma for a couple, two, three months. times of practice with Sayadaw Upandita. And my practice was just in the doldrums. Just to say Burma was home to a meditation master named Sayadaw Upandita, with whom you were studying. Yes, yes. And this is, I had already been practicing many, many years, but still there were always ups and downs in the course of the practice.
29:12That's normal. So I was just going through a phase of kind of the doldrums. I kept sitting and walking, but it didn't feel like anything was happening. so it wasn't so much being down on myself it was just wondering not that i'm putting in all this you know effort in intensive meditation and it just felt flat so after a few days of my reporting this sido bandita said reflect on your sila and sila here means ethical behavior so my first reaction when he said that, oh no, did I do something wrong? That was my very first reaction. I came to realize that he was saying it as a way of encouraging the mind.
30:01If we reflect on our sila and realize I've been practicing ethical behavior as a way of uplifting the mind and encouraging the heart, the principle here in a way is sometimes reflecting on one's wholesome activities, you know, and wholesome actions, skillful actions. People might think, oh, that's just an ego trip, which then in the wrong way could be. But that kind of wise reflection on, yeah, that's, you know, I've been doing something wholesome here and doing something skillful, beneficial. That's not an ego trip. That's reinforcing faith. It's reinforcing wisdom. it's reinforcing kind of an appreciation for the value of the path and what we've been doing.
30:56So that's really what contemplate your sila was about as a way of uplifting the heart. Well, let's talk about whether this is applicable to a regular person who's not in the middle of a meditation retreat. You know, contemplating your sila, for some of us, might be fraught because maybe we are not living in alignment. However, I can also imagine it in the way I've used it, to the extent that I've used it, is a kind of cousin to gratitude to, yeah, I spent a lot of time reflecting on my terrible behavior or flaws, but let me just take a second to think about, oh yeah, you know, if I think back at this, yeah, on this very day, I did a bunch of...
31:37Good things. Yeah. Yeah. So there's an interesting connection here to the loving kindness practice. because it's said that the condition or the cause for metta, loving kindness, to arise, both towards other people and towards ourselves, is appreciating the good qualities in others and in ourselves. And when we think of that and contemplate that, there's a natural, or almost spontaneous, friendly feeling that arises. And it's very instructive to see how often with other people and with ourselves, we don't focus on the good qualities. We focus on what we don't like. We focus on the bad qualities and just realizing it would be helpful to see that pattern and the way of coming out of it would be just as you said.
Read the full transcript
32:35but to use it as a way of appreciating the good qualities in ourselves, appreciating the good qualities in others, and it changes the dial. Here's another phrase that I think is perhaps more center of the bullseye that can jar you out of a state of rumination and kind of give you some perspective. It's not fill in the blank. Yes. This is something I've used forever. But especially after I began teaching and working with people and I extended it from just applying it in my own practice as a teaching tool. If people are struggling with some difficulty and really caught up in the struggle and they don't have perspective on it.
33:26So, I'll use a reference to whatever current situation is happening at that time. And so, for a long time, I would say, it's not Bosnia. It's not the Sudan. It's not Gaza. You know, and just reminding people of the situations where the suffering was a much, much, much greater magnitude than our little struggle. Now, that has to be used also wisely. Because if people are really involved in something, for example, that's deeply traumatic, that would not be inappropriate to you. Because it might feel like those situations because of the intensity of the suffering. So this is useful for more mundane, run of the mill suffering entanglements, kvetching about one thing or another.
34:34Kvetching for the non-Jewish or non-Jewish adjacent is Yiddish for complaining. A phrase that was used a lot on me when I was a boy.
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36:45Hey, Chicagoland, the Wayfair store is in your neighborhood at Edens Plaza and Wilmette. Finally, you can feel the fabric, sit on the sectionals, and even open the refrigerators. Plus, our in-store designers will help you bring it all together with free one-on-one design support for any project on any budget. Yep, we said free. Oh, and did we mention the cafe? So what are you waiting for? Come see all that's in store. Visit the Wayfair store today at Edens Plaza and Wilmette. Wayfair, every style, every home. This expression that I'm going to propose to you next feels really apropos to me. The wisdom of the non-toothache.
37:23So to my understanding is the wisdom of the non-toothache is can you appreciate when things are going well, when you don't have a toothache? To me, that can put my obsessive thoughts into perspective. Does that make sense? Yes, it does make sense. And you've expressed it perfectly. It's actually right in line with some teachings right from the Satipatthana Sutta, the discourse on the foundations of mindfulness. So the Buddha actually addressed it directly, but not using toothache as an example, but in the third foundation of mindfulness, which is mindfulness of the mind, one of the categories is be mindful when, for example, the hindrances, one of the hindrances like desire, aversion, restlessness.
38:19Be mindful when they're present, be mindful when they're not present. And it's interesting that it's much harder to remember to be mindful when they're not present, because when they are present, they make themselves known, you know, with a lot of fanfare. When they're not present, there's nothing strikingly obvious about it. unless we pay attention. And so that emphasis on being mindful when things are going well, when the mind is calm, when the mind is peaceful, when there's not a lot of suffering or any in the mind at that particular time, as you said, to acknowledge that is really helpful.
39:06And we have many more moments of that in the day than we realize. So again, it's encouraging to be including the non-toothache in our field of awareness. Here's another phrase that I've heard you use that is quite useful when one is caught in a thought storm, which can last years, really. And I remember the first time you used it with me, I was a little pissed off because I didn't really understand what you were saying. I remember we were standing on a street corner in New York. It was very early in our friendship. And I was just describing the fact that my wife and I were in the middle of a long infertility struggle.
39:55And you were very sympathetic. You did not dismiss it at all. But toward the end of the discussion, you said, if it's not one thing, it's another. And I didn't really take it in the spirit in which it was intended. But it's something I've thought about a lot since then. So what do you mean by that phrase? That phrase relates to another phrase, which explains it perfectly. The other phrase is what I think is a fantastic expression of the first noble truth of the Buddha's teachings, like core foundational teachings of the Buddha. And this is across almost all Buddhist traditions, other teachings on the four noble truths.
40:46The truth of suffering, dukkha in Pali, the cause of suffering, which is craving, the end of suffering, which is coming to the end of craving, and then the noble eightfold path, which is the way to accomplish this aim. So that first noble truth, the truth of dukkha, the definition of dukkha that I came across and I thought was just so brilliantly succinct, that dukkha is the inevitability of unwanted experiences. And I think that's something everyone can relate to in their lives. There's no one who goes through life free of unwanted experiences. At times, they are inevitable. So that's really what, if it's not one thing, it's another.
41:45If it's not one unwanted experience, there's going to be another one. Because they are inevitable in this conditioned world. And I love that because it normalizes the fact that it happens and that it will happen inevitably. So it's not a mistake that they're happening. And so once we see it in that broader perspective, I think it helps us have a perspective on what the particular unwanted experience is. and if we have a broader perspective, I think we can better see how to address it. Is there something I can do about it? Is there not? What would be the right course of action? So all of that can be considered, but that's very different than thinking it's a mistake or getting worked up with a lot of aversion to the fact that it's happening because we think it shouldn't be happening.
42:48So, another example of this, and again this touches into basic teachings of the Buddha. And we may have talked about this a little bit before, I'm not sure. The Buddha suggested certain reflections on the inevitability of unwanted experiences. The Buddha suggested that we reflect on this daily. when he said, what has the nature to grow old, will grow old, and I am not exempt. What has the nature to become ill, will become ill, and I am not exempt. What has the nature to die, will die, and I am not exempt. So, what's interesting to me, as I reflected on this and have it come to mind, the first part was quite obvious, that what has been nature to grow old will grow old.
43:52It was the tagline of I am not exempt, which even though, of course, intellectually, I knew that I am not exempt, I could often detect an underlying feeling, almost subliminal, well, I should be exempt, you know, of somehow framing an issue, why is this happening to me? So that why is it happening to me is a reflection of some holding to the idea that I should be exempt from what is this completely natural unfolding. And this is all about coming to realize the first noble truth. So to me, these feel like a sweet S-U-I-T-E of interrelated phrases when you're in or when I'm in a woe is me state.
44:53So the inevitability of unwanted experience. I mean, this is just the truth of things. Unwanted states are going to happen. I am not exempt. I would just say as a sidebar, and I am not exempt. The contemplation of your mortality is not a bad way to jar you out of overthinking. It's a great bolus of perspective. and then finally if it's not one thing it's another you know we live i have lived much of my life and i still do this with the lie that if i could just solve this problem or maybe this suite of problems elision fields like it's all good but of course there's going to be another thing and so it just kind of just settled back into the situation with a little bit more sanity be in patience, let me just deal with this problem because I know there's going to be something on the other side.
45:47And then I would add, I know I said, finally, I would add maybe one other phrase that we haven't discussed yet as the fourth in this little package. Anything can happen anytime. Yes. It's all a package of phrases addressing this issue. So do you want a little backstory? Please, please. This again goes back quite a few years. I was teaching a retreat for social and environmental activists at this wilderness retreat center in northern New Mexico. Beautiful place, Valle Citos Mountain Refuge. Beautiful in the middle of Carson National Forest, 9 ,000 feet, alpine stream running through it. It was beautiful.
46:33So doing the retreat, and then on the last day, we did a hike on the very last day of the retreat. There was a small river running through the property. And so we were hiking up along the small river and kind of scrambling over the rocks, you know, crossing back and forth. It was fantastic. On the way back, it had rained the night before, so some of the rocks were a little slippery and walking back, I slipped on a rock and hyperextended my knee. and I knew something, an unwanted experience that just happened. Anyway, I make it back to the center. That evening, I was giving the Dharma talk and I had the thought, oh, don't sit cross-legged.
47:19This won't be good. But I overrode the thought. I didn't listen to it. Sat cross-legged. At the end, I couldn't get up. I had to be carried back to my room, which was very embarrassing. is first, I'm 6 '3". I forget how exactly I was carried. Anyway, I carried back that whole night. I had a busy summer schedule planned, and I just kept thinking, how am I going to manage this? I couldn't even walk from the meditation hall to my room. So a lot of thinking and worrying and anxiety. And then at a certain point, and it took most of the night to come to this, at some point, the thought came to my mind, anything can happen anytime, completely unexpected, with ramifications for how the rest of my summer was going to unfold.
48:20Anything can happen anytime. But surprisingly, some people might hear that, and they might think that it leads to a kind kind of paranoid state, you know, fearful, say, oh my God, anything can happen anytime. We have to be on the watch out. It was exactly the opposite. It was the acknowledgement of the truth of it. And it just led to this quality of acceptance in my mind. The inevitability of unwanted experiences. Anything can happen anytime. So if we're aware of that and realize this, this is the truth of how things are, then when these things happen we can deal with it with much more equipoise we deal with it as best we can but it's from a much more peaceful place of mind and my mind did become peaceful in it and then i just took care of it as best i could things were fun this is an aside not only fine, so that I was scheduled to teach in Germany that summer.
49:25Anyway, I managed to go with a lot of accommodation, you know, for my knee. Taught this course in Germany. At the end of the chorus, the Dana Biskit, there were two of us. Some guy put in two$50 ,000 checks in the Dana. He had just said he came from this super wealthy family. Parents had just died, I think. He had inherited his fortune. And I had had this thought, oh, maybe I shouldn't go.
50:00So sometimes anything that happened anytime can be on the good side as well. That was an amazing moment. Yeah, yeah.
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51:35Finally, you can feel the fabric, sit on the sectionals and even open the refrigerators. Plus, our in-store designers will help you bring it all together with free one-on-one design support for any project on any budget. Yep, we said free. Oh, and did we mention the cafe? So what are you waiting for? Come see all that's in store. Visit the Wayfair store today at Edens Plaza and Wilmette. Wayfair, every style, every home. Just to reset, I think, you know, we started this conversation talking about dealing with overthinking specifically. and we're moving into an area that kind of is inclusive of overthinking but also of just how to navigate a complex chaotic world more skillfully in the face of the non-negotiable truth of change flux there's another phrase that's coming to mind that i find really beautiful and it comes directly from the Buddha, becoming otherwise.
52:35Yes. So I came across this phrase in the text and to reiterate just a point I made in a previous discussion that I've been in the practice now of listening to the teachings rather than reading them. Because I must have read that phrase many, many times and it didn't impact me. But when I heard it in the Buddha's description of change, of things always becoming otherwise. When I heard it, it really struck me in a completely new and vivid way because it's a bit unusual in English. It's not a typical way we would talk of change and impermanence. And because of that, we could say, you know, everything changes.
53:23And it's kind of flat. It's so obvious when we say it that way that we don't really appreciate what it's saying, but things are always becoming otherwise. As a phrase, for me, made it very immediate. Like in every moment, things are always becoming otherwise. I have found it to be a really good reminder at times. For example, I might be going for a walk, and then I have a little twitch in my knee or my back or something. Oh, becoming otherwise. So instead of, oh no, what just happened? Do I have to do something and all of that? Oh, just things becoming otherwise. So it reinforces our awareness that this is the nature of things.
54:19And again, it doesn't imply that in certain situations we do want to do something about it. but it frees us from that reactivity of why me, which is really helpful because even though we may not even articulate why me to ourselves, very often we're thinking it silently. There's some flavor of it in our minds and just things becoming otherwise. This is just the nature of things. So I find it a very helpful and usefully pointed phrase to highlight that. I find it really helpful in my relationship with my parents. I have a very clear visual of the first time I think that you met my parents. We were in the backyard of my childhood home.
55:10It was our first meeting to discuss launching a meditation app in like 2014 or something. and my parents were still living in my childhood home and they were healthy and active. They were both academic physicians at Harvard and really for me, my whole life, the kind of my alpha and omega. I heard this beautiful phrase, not from you, of there was some writer talking about some other important person in his or her life. And he or she said, they are the theater for my actions. nothing felt real unless my parents knew about it and they're now living in an assisted living facility near me in suburban new york and my mom's pretty sharp but my dad is you know he has become otherwise he's still lovely loving i think quite happy person but you know he's had a lot of health problems stroke and a parkinson's like diagnosis and i felt so unmoored by their transition and still do at times, but it's just things becoming otherwise.
56:11Yes, yes. It's so interesting that, I don't know if resistance is the right word or just delusion, that somehow with something so obviously true that we don't take it in. We don't live as if it's true. So that's quite mysterious. and also kind of a reason why the practice of mindfulness and awareness is so liberating, because we're just giving ourselves a framework for investigating what is so obviously true that we have been overlooking. True and painful at the same time. Yes. Although in opening to the truth of it, some dimensions of the pain are eliminated, which is our reactivity and all. Yes.
57:06I think I'm less resistant and more tuned in, more sad. Yeah. The poignancy of it. Yes. But for me, the emotion of sadness, there's a certain soft beauty to it, which distinguishes, for me, from unhappiness. That you can be sad and not unhappy. To me, that's just a useful understanding. because many situations in our life are sad, even when we realize their inevitability. That's fine. None of what we're talking about implies that we become emotionally flat. But there are certain emotions which are afflictive, which really causes suffering and are not particularly helpful. But other emotions which may be acknowledging the same situation are quite natural and even have a beauty to them.
58:02The first time you said that to me, I did not like it, or I didn't get it. But it makes sense when you think about the term bittersweet. They've combined bitter and sweet for a reason. Where this leads me in my mind in terms of having an ongoing flow in the conversation, as I'm sitting here feeling sad talking about my parents, you have a phrase that's been very helpful for me with all kinds of emotions, whether they're afflictive or not. And this is going to sound simplistic, but it's not. And the phrase is, it's okay. As with many of the others, there is a story. There is a story. And I think the story will help to elucidate what that really means.
58:50So for many years earlier on in my practice, the strongest afflictive emotion was fear. So fear would just come up in so many different ways. But on some retreats, you know, I was really practicing intensively so things get magnified in that context. Fear would be coming up and it would come up so strongly there were times when I was afraid to go from sitting to standing. So it's completely irrational. Completely. I mean, it doesn't make any sense at all. But somehow that was the energy that was coming up for whatever reason. I have no idea why that was so strong. So it's just to say I was working with this emotion over a long time, over many years, not at that intensity mostly, but was still there.
59:47So on one retreat, a couple of years after that intense experience, I was doing walking meditation and I could feel different aspects of fear arising in the mind. and then something shifted in my mind. I could feel the shift and it was expressed in the phrase, if this fear is here for the rest of my life, it's okay. It's okay. And I realized that that was the first moment in these years of practice that I genuinely accepted it. And this points to another really important distinction in meditation, the difference between recognition and mindfulness. Because in all those years, I recognized what was there.
1:00:42I knew it was fear, and I could name it as fear. But it was always through the filter of not liking it and wanting it to go away, because it's a very unpleasant emotion. So I was living at it through the filter of aversion. which, as we just discussed earlier, aversion feeds the very thing we're averse to. So unknowingly, I was keeping it going through my aversion to it, and through the delusion of thinking I was being mindful when I was not. I was just recognizing it. So in that moment, if this fear is here for the rest of my life, it's okay. In that acceptance, it was amazing. In that moment, in that shift, the whole ball, compacted ball of fear, washed through.
1:01:39And just my heart relaxed. It's okay. And it's not to say that fear never comes again, because it does at times, but relationship to it is now completely different. When it arises, it's okay. It's okay to feel the fear. It's okay to feel unpleasantness. We don't have to default to aversion towards it. And in that acceptance, everything becomes more workable. And lighter, we're letting go of that strong identification with it. So it's okay has just, I call it the magic mantra. It's okay. It's okay to feel it. And again, it doesn't mean that we never do anything in response to what may be happening.
1:02:31but when we're coming from the place of it's okay to feel it, then our response will be more effective, wiser, more skillful. Right. Passivity is a misunderstanding. This is about not being at war with reality first and then responding wisely. I like your phrase, at war with reality. I stole it from somebody, I'm sure. But this phrase, it's okay, I think reminds me of at least two other phrases that I've heard from you. Both of them, I think, are borrowed. One is borrowed from a poet and the other is borrowed from your next-door neighbor, Sharon Salzberg. The one from the poet, I think it's Robert Frost, is the only way out is through.
1:03:19I don't know where that comes from. Oh, so you may have said. No, no, I'm sure that I read it someplace. Doesn't quite sound like Robert Frost, but maybe. I have no idea. I don't read poetry. Other than yours, I don't read poetry. Anyway, it's a good phrase, whoever first coined it. So what's interesting is, unpacking a little bit, is what through means. The only way out is through. Because you could get through by bulldozing your way through. which may create its own problems, or the way out is through a mindful acceptance of what's there, seeing its impermanent, empty nature, so that we're not contracting in response to it.
1:04:09We're staying with whatever it is in a balanced, mindful, aware, equanimous way. And then we do. That leads us through in a very skillful way. another phrase the one from your next door neighbor is well i'm not gonna say the phrase i'll just have you tell the story and the phrase is the punchline it harkens back to our discussion of your struggles with fear you are on a retreat with sharon where it came up you want to tell that story yeah this was during those years when i was really working with it and then not yet come to it's okay so i was still trying to figure out you know we were teaching together in texas and after lunch we were just going for a walk together and I was going on complaining about all this fear because I was building a whole superstructure of self on top of this emotion.
1:05:02This is the way I am. I will always be this way. Exactly. And so I was just going on and on about this and at a certain point Sharon turned to me and she said, Joseph, it's just a mind state and sometimes it's just the right moment to hear something, that was one of those moments. Oh, right. This is just a mind state, and I'm making up this whole big self story about it. And that really helped to reframe the whole thing. It's just a mind state. It was really helpful, just a reminder. Well, I hear it not only as useful in terms of it maybe taking a few of the Jenga pieces out of the structure of self, the superstructure of self, but also the relief in knowing, yeah, this is a mind state and like everything else, it will pass.
1:05:56Yes. Yes. That is how I heard it also. The meaning of it's just a mind state includes that. Yeah. I want to get one phrase in because I kind of teased it earlier. It might be in the ballpark of a non sequitur, but earlier we were talking about how to, in the face of our constant flurry of thoughts, how to figure out which ones to listen to, which ones not to listen to. You said being mindful of them is really step number one. There's a phrase that has been helpful for me once I'm mindful of my thoughts to pick and choose a little bit more carefully. It's a lens, a pair of goggles that has been really helpful for me.
1:06:36And at first it sounded a little anodyne to me, but it actually has, as with many of these phrases, The more I've sat with it, the more meaning it has accumulated. And it is what matters most. You know, I'm always interested as you give the buildup to the phrase, and I don't really know what phrase you're leading to. So I'm always waiting with excited anticipation. You know, and I'm always sitting here thinking, is he going to shake his head at me disapprovingly and say, what are you talking about? It has nothing to do with anything. which has happened in the course of these recordings, just to say.
1:07:16So what's the phrase? Are you asking that seriously?
1:07:25The phrase is what matters most. What matters most. I think the use of that phrase just really is a way of, just in the moment, stepping back from whatever the decision is that has to be made, and just taking a moment, and it can be quite intuitive. I don't think this requires a lot of thinking. I think we would know quite intuitively and quickly, if we take that moment to step back, does this really align with my values? Is this in alignment with what I value most? I think it's a very intuitive thing, but very illuminating. I think we know, you know, if we're about to do something and it's just really being motivated by greed, and it couldn't be a big greed, you know, it could be a little, a little greed, but often in the course of the day, we're kind of on autopilot.
1:08:31we're just going through the day doing what we do, you know, reacting and doing this and that. And I think we often don't take the time to just have in the background of our minds the framework of what is most important to you, you know, what our values really are. So even occasionally, you know, to start with, if one could remember before doing something to ask that question, can be really helpful. We've talked in earlier sessions about a right speech, you know, and some papalapa, the useless talk, and all the other kinds of right and wrong speech. That's such a good, very simple arena. Oh, is what I'm about to say, does it really align with my values?
1:09:22Does it unite people or divide people? Just some very simple things. And as I say, I'm not suggesting that we spend 10 minutes trying to figure out our values and does this align or doesn't it align. I think it's a much more intuitive process that would come quite easily if we just practice taking that moment to allow for it. I agree. It is an intuitive process. I would only add that I have, especially when I'm working with my team and I'm in the process of an early stage startup, it's very helpful in order to define or discern your values to ask the question, what matters most. Yes. And in that situation, there could be a whole process, a whole reflective process of actually sitting down and writing down, okay, what are my values in this situation?
1:10:24There are ethical values or disservice values, compassion values, whatever they may be. Yes, so in certain situations, I agree that it could be helpful to expand it beyond that momentary intuitive sense to a real reflection and examination of what our values actually are. So it's been a great conversation in my view on sort of, we started with overthinking and moved into sort of how to manage an anxiety producing world and anxiety itself. Before we take a break, anything you feel like getting off your chest? Anything else coming to mind? He's looking at me and I can read his mind. What he's thinking is there are a lot of complaints about, I have about you, Harris, but they may not be relevant to this conversation.
1:11:12Am I reading you correctly? No. No? No. Okay. Not in the slightest. It wasn't even in the ballpark. You had that mischievous look on your face. Yeah, no, but the look was, I was thinking of an example of that reflecting on values. So it might have been a little quizzical look. I wasn't sure whether it would be worth adding to it or not. So let's talk about that. Let's talk about your... Now that I brought it up.
1:11:48I rarely have the thoughts that you ascribe to me, Justin, so you can relax. I mean, that just doesn't, it's not a strong pattern in my mind. No, I know you meant, even if I had been guessing correctly, I was guessing that you were going to say it from a standpoint of humor. Yeah. Anyway, let me give that little example. Yeah, yeah. As an example of a situation where reflecting on one's values could be really helpful, and it's something I suggested to this friend, he's in quite a senior position in a company and was thinking about the next step, possibly moving on to a different position. and there were a lot of pros and cons to the different opportunities that were presenting themselves to him, which involved, you know, perhaps moving or dealing with the school's first kids, just a lot of considerations.
1:12:51But there were situations which might have afforded him more, a higher position, something like that. So as we were talking, he was just talking it over with me. And I suggested to him, you know, I think you and your wife together should sit down and just look at, okay, in your life now, what is it you most value? And then consider these different opportunities in the light of those values. Because I think it's very easy to become seduced by the glitter of some possible outcome and ignore other values that we might have. So I think it can be a really helpful way to navigate through life so that we, as much as possible, are doing things in alignment with what we value, rather than being caught up in, as I said, the glitter of some possibility and overlook them.
1:13:54Yes, reverse engineer from the first thing.
1:14:00Thank you so much to everybody who works so hard to make this show. 10 % Happier is produced by Tara Anderson and Eleanor Vasili. Our recording and engineering is handled by the great folks over at Pod People. Lauren Smith is our managing producer. Marissa Schneiderman is our senior producer. DJ Kashmir is our executive producer. And Nick Thorburn of the great indie rock band Islands wrote our theme. Also, one last thing before you go, remember to sign up for my new app, which is called 10 % with Dan Harris. You can sign up over at danharris.com. On the app, you'll find a growing library of meditations from world-class teachers.
1:14:35Add free access to the full expertise of our podcast guests, meaning you'll get this podcast with no ads. exclusive live stream events, which we do weekly, sometimes twice a week, robust discussion threads to connect you with our team, with our teachers and with one another. There's a free 14 day trial if you want to try before you buy. Peace.
1:15:07Hey, Chicagoland, the WayBear store is in your neighborhood at Edens Plaza and Wilmette. Finally, you can feel the fabric, sit on the sectionals, and even open the refrigerators. Plus, our in-store designers will help you bring it all together with free one-on-one design support for any project on any budget. Yep, we said free. Oh, and did we mention the cafe? So what are you waiting for? Come see all that's in store. Visit the Wayfair store today at Edens Plaza and Wilmette.
From the publisher
Simple practices for not believing everything you think, becoming less reactive, and handling whatever life throws at you.
Joseph Goldstein is a cofounder of the Insight Meditation Society and the Barre Center for Buddhist Studies, both in Barre, Massachusetts. He is the author of many books including, most recently, Dreamscapes of the Mind.
In this episode we talk about:
- Why your thoughts have so much power over you — and how to take it back
- A surprisingly funny technique for dealing with self-judgment
- Why trying to get rid of an unwanted thought often makes it worse
- The difference between recognizing an emotion and actually being mindful of it
- Why sadness and unhappiness aren't the same thing
- And much more
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