Claudia Rowe (on the foster care system)

24:42I think it's relevant. The judge was previously a real estate attorney. Specialized in real estate law. He's a new judge. And this is his very first murder trial. And it is a girl that was 16 that they've purposely delayed her trial. So she'll be an adult. Yes. This is a lot on this dude's plan. Yes. And the prosecutor is a very talented, powerful prosecutor. She is really a seasoned veteran, even though she's not that old. She's just a very talented prosecutor and zealous, hard driving. I was going to use the word rabid, but continue. Some would. I think she intimidated the judge who didn't want to mess up, didn't want to do anything wrong, didn't want to do anything questionable.

25:25And so this teenage girl got a 19-year sentence. By the way, that's the new book, Words of the State, The Long Shadow of American Foster Care. I have to say the name of the book. So by the end of this sentencing proceeding, I realize this isn't really a crime story. This is a foster care story because her reality of running from her foster care placement and being on the street and how it was that she was in this guy's car and the whole thing, her history, suddenly is in front of me and it meshes with all the stuff I've covered as a reporter years prior. Back at the old Seattle P.I., I had written stories about what happens to older youth in foster care.

26:08As they quote age out. Correct. and, you know, I wrote a couple of stories. I didn't get that deep, but it was in my head. Some of the stats about the outcomes for kids when they age out had always shocked me. Oh, yeah. And even more shocking was that it seemed like nobody thought this was a thing. Nobody made a big deal of it. Yeah, there were some reports and yeah, some reporters wrote some stories, but it wasn't some like national issue. Anna, can I read a couple of those stats? Sure, please. Yeah, this is the foster care to prison pipeline. 25 % of all inmates were in foster care. 20 to 25 % of state prison inmates are believed to be alumni.

26:48This wasn't in your book, but I learned this in a previous episode and I re-looked it up, but 50 % of homeless people spent time in foster care. In my book, I'm a little more conservative. That's probably true. But what we say or what I can document is that roughly 25 to 30 % of youth and young adult homeless. So homeless people who are, say, in their mid-20s are alumni, which is a weird word. Which if you drive around LA, the vast majority are below 30. So they are very likely to be former foster youth. Yes. And I wrote this down. This is a direct quote, so I know I'm going to get this one right.

27:28A study of nearly 1 ,000 foster youth in the Midwest found that half left the system with criminal records. And more than 30 percent were in prison for violent crime within a year of leaving state care. Their post-traumatic stress is nearly twice the rate of Iraq war veterans. Wow. I mean, yeah. I'm not surprised. Stay tuned for more Armchair Expert, if you dare. We are supported by Allstate. Checking Allstate first could save you hundreds on car insurance. That's smart. Not checking the pockets of your jeans before doing laundry. Classic oversight. That mystery clunking in the dryer. Yeah, that was your lip balm's final moments.

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29:15And something I hadn't really considered is, and this is a quote too, legions of middle-class and affluent kids grow up in homes convulsed with addiction, abuse, and neglect, but their families rarely face that risk. So it's almost exclusively poor kids. that end up in foster care. Absolutely. So just all these numbers right out of the gates. Fuck. I mean, if ever there's a smoking gun to a problem, let's even say it was 10 % of the prison population or five. This is a system supposed to save kids. And these are the results. Yeah. Couldn't be worse. So one reason the criminal record number is so high is that a lot of kids are in juvie, right?

29:56They're in juvenile detention while they're still in foster care. So that's the record. There are many young people who age out and then they're on the street and then they're in the county jail and then they're in state prison. So that's contributing to that. And they also pick up records by running. So many of them run from these houses or they run from their family they were assigned to. Right. So you run. So this was Marianne, this first girl. You run not necessarily because of abuse in your foster home. More often, very often, foster kids are on the street. And, you know, if you're running, it doesn't mean you're running.

30:31It means you're not where you're supposed to be. You're out of your assigned placement because they are often looking for their families. Marianne was often looking for her mother who was on the street. Was a heroin addict. Or they are looking for other foster kids, other street kids, kids who get them. They're tried. They're looking for connection, right? They're not necessarily fleeing abuse. They are looking for something. Craving connection. You're on the street. You have no money. You are very likely to shoplift because you're hungry. And so you get picked up by the cops and you go to juvie.

31:06So there, you just got to be part of that massive statistic. That's how it happens. Or you don't get adopted by the time you're a teenager. You end up in a group home. And group homes are typically very violent. So kids fight one another. They assault staff. Cops are called. Someone goes to juvie. You just became part of that statistic again. There are a couple of like really basic ways that are driving that number. So anyway, I'm in court. I see that this girl, Marianne, is kind of the embodiment of all this stuff that had been sort of rumbling around in my head for years as a reporter. and there she is in front of me.

31:43So I want to understand you. Help me get in your head. How do we end up shooting somebody? There has to be a lot of reasons. So that was the start. And then the book goes way beyond Marianne. Marianne is one of six main characters in this book. They range in age. The youngest was not Marianne. The youngest was 18 when she and I started talking. And the oldest was in his late 50s. And the point being, this is not some recent trend or some sudden spike. This has been the case for a long time, for virtually as long as we've had foster care over a century. This overlap with the criminal justice system or the criminal legal system, whatever is your preferred term, this has been a thing all along.

32:29It seems like you've read the book. So you know that even in 1892, the first person legally executed in the brand new state of Wyoming, foster kid who shot two guys. Again, desperate, on the street, hungry. But again, here's what I love about your book is like it would be very easy for you to just become a champion of Marianne and just explain how nothing's her fault. And in some way, nothing is her fault. But I think you're just very honest about she was fucking hard to deal with. So she's nine years old when she enters. She lives with her father. She's got a bloody nose when they arrive. The dad beats her.

33:05They've called Child Protective Services up teen times. Yes. She's clearly in a bad, dangerous situation. She enters. She goes first with a friend of the dad's. She's there with her. And then she's a lot to deal with. She's very clingy, I guess. Yeah, obviously. Which is so heartbreaking. Right. And she gets returned. Not returned to her dad. Returned to the foster. So that person is a foster placement. And that person says, state, take her. I cannot deal. That person was actually the second person. There's first a couple that Marianne said she loved who had puppies at Christmas time or whatever.

33:40Elderly couple. Yeah. That's sort of an emergency placement. It's never intended to be long term. But Marianne, kid, doesn't know that. Kids don't know. But then they pretty quickly pick up. Because Marianne has moved to this friend of the dad's. And even the friend of the dad's, when she finds out she's no longer living there, she gets picked up. At school, the woman never says goodbye to her or tells her, hey, I can't handle this. It's just, I'm here. I'm going to take you to another stranger's place. And she gets picked up at school. A social worker goes, hey, your stuff's in the car. Get in the car.

34:10This is really typical. The main thing about Marianne is, the first thing I needed to find out is, is she some kind of aberration, some kind of extreme case or what? Or is she standard? Not at all. I mean, not everyone is going to shoot someone in the head. But her path through foster care was totally standard. She's in half dozen placements. So there's this friend of the dad's, can't deal. They take Marianne to this other woman who she says was more geared toward teenagers, couldn't deal with a younger kid. That person sort of shunts her over to a family where she lives for a year or so. And then the aim of foster care, the stated aim is permanence, which means you get adopted or you're going to your original parents.

34:57Her parents' parental rights have been severed long before. So the only avenue for her is adoption. So from this family where she is being fostered, there's kind of several potential suitor families who are going to adopt Marianne. And for one reason or another, nothing works out. There are these things that nobody knows about. Adoption fairs. where the kids are plunked down at a table with like arts and crafts and prospective families walk by. It's like puppies in the town. Check them out. And again, this was the same in the 19th century. In that case, kids were like on stage performing a little ditty or a little poem or a little song.

35:39Annie. Yeah, it's literally Annie. Literally. And so by this point, Marianne is 12, which is sort of like your last chance. If you're not adopted by that point, you're not a cute little kid anymore. families typically don't want an older kid. Understandable reasons in that the child already has so much history, so much trauma. So a lot of families go, no, this family said, yes, they said, she's ours. We'll take her. And the state, like all states, so there are financial incentives to get kids adopted. Federal government gives the state money for the kids who are adopted. It's a successful adoption.

36:19So they want it to happen fast and they do not want to reverse it. Two lunches and an overnight and boom, she's with them. They're her parents. Yeah, it's kind of a foster to adopt situation. So there's like a brief few months, but it's foster to adopt, like lease to own. Right. Oh, yeah, yeah. But here's where you don't gloss over how impossible it is to raise Marianne at this point. Who has no idea, has never in her entire life been part of like a conventional family, doesn't know about family dinner. and she wants to eat in her room. Of course. They want to watch movies together as a family.

36:53She feels weird about it. Do they get training? So this is the thing. Very little state support. Yes, there is a social worker involved, but there's not intensive prep for adoptive families, particularly families adopting from foster care, particularly families adopting a kid who was demonstrably abused. I also think this is a weird thing, and you point out in the very liberal state of Washington, you cannot force a kid over the age of 13 to have counseling. So it's like, what should be definitely a mandatory? As part of all this is like, she should have had to go a few times a week. So she did have a lot of counseling.

37:29Oh, she did. Okay. She hated all her therapists, she says. And you can kind of understand because you need to forge a connection with a therapist. And foster kids are like moving around and everyone comes in and out. Social workers change and lawyers change and foster parents change. Why would they trust the therapist? They can't trust anything. At some point, you accept this is reality. I'm not getting placed. I'm never going to be anywhere for longer. You have to throw in the towel. I think you have to give up hope pretty early into this. As a survival instinct. I don't know how many times could you have your hopes up that this is going to work out, and then you get jerked out without any warning.

38:06It's like, eventually, you'd be like, I know how this works. I mean, the kids need therapy, but the parents should have mandatory therapy, too. Yes, and a social worker observed that because they pretty quickly, after about two years, even sooner than that, they're like, no, we got to sever this adoption. We got to break this apart. She scared them. Yeah. Right? Through her eyes, they overreacted to everything. They never really got her. They freaked out about everything. That's her line. They, I will say, never talked to me. I attempted many times to interview them. Not interested. They're probably a bit ashamed that they failed.

38:40I'm sure. They didn't talk to the defense or the prosecution either. They basically hired a lawyer. Here are our files. We're done. This is a point I want to enter into this incredibly complex situation, which is there are multiple factors happening here, too. There is the nurture, which is not ideal, which is why they ended up in Foster. But then there's a reality of she is the child of an addict and a physically abusive man. Also addict. Her dad, too. Yeah. So both addicts, one physically abusive. those are also her genetics. Yes. This is the really unfortunate part. It's like not only do they need the amount of help any kid would need, they actually probably need more because there's a pretty good clue about where they're coming from.

39:22I bet a lot of people who decide to foster or adopt, they have this idea probably that I can save this kid or once they're in my care, they'll be better. Love will heal all. Yeah. It is like that. It's like, it's all love. It's a little bit of a savior complex. I'm reading the book and I'm just feeling fucking terrible. And I'm going, oh my God, I gotta somehow figure out how to help these little people. So it can be very genuine. It's like heartbreaking. And then you get in the reality of like, so am I bringing someone into my two kids' lives that could have all these things? And should they take on that?

40:01It's complicated. It's super very complicated. You're very well-intentioned. Absolutely. She's one of six main characters in the book. All of them illuminate some aspect of this connection with prison, like group homes, running away, broken adoptions. She's not the only one in the book who had a broken adoption and then aging out without support. So kids age out of the system at 18. You're 18. Thanks. You're a legal adult. Goodbye. Yeah. Or 21. Zero skills. Right. Zero skills and no support system. And 50 percent of kids in foster care who grow up in foster care do not get a high school diploma.

40:37you are likely to be 18 years old with no high school diploma, no support. What do you think is going to happen? Yeah, exactly. And, you know, you can get extended foster care until 21 if you are working or in school. But a lot of kids, by the time there's a possibility of the state not running their life, they're like, fuck this, I'm out, you know. And the other thing is that when you grow up in foster care, normal teenage stuff, like having a job after school or going to friends' houses for a sleepover or having friends come to your house for a sleepover is not happening. There are other young people in the book who are growing up in group homes.

41:17You're in a group home. At this appointed hour, you are here. The doors are locked. And no, there's no guests hanging out with you, staying over. And no, you can't have a job after school. After school, you're back here. Also, these tiny things, like when they got her, one of the things that one of the concerned people called Marianne Protective Service on is they looked through her window of her bedroom and she had no clothes in her closet. She had nothing hanging on the walls. She was just this little girl with nothing sitting in a box. Even these little things of how you build your identity and that's a safety net.

41:50It's like I have these items and I'm into this band and I have this poster and I have these CDs. All those little building blocks of identity, you can't have them. The other thing that's super prevalent and certainly happened with Marianne is like she loses her virginity at 13. Pretty soon thereafter, she's sex trafficked. So her adoptive parents say, we cannot deal. And they sort of hand her over to her older half sister. But they are still technically her people. The older half sister moves out of state. And then Marianne is just on her own on the street. Her adoptive parents don't want her.

42:26Her older sister is gone. is just boom. What do you think is going to happen? She's doing whatever she can to survive. And she is eventually picked up again by the state and handed over to the last foster parent. But at that point, yes, she is a chronic runner, not because she doesn't like that last foster parent. In fact, she kind of loved that last foster parent who is a pretty fascinating character. But by this point, it's just like a chronic fight or flight thing. Also a girl who she befriended at that last foster parents' home, another foster girl. She's out on the street all the time. Marianna sort of glommed on to her.

43:05They do all this stuff together out on the street. They do all this stuff. And then there she is in the car with the dude on a cold winter's night. She's 16 and living with her boyfriend. Sort of, yeah. And sort of on the run intermittently back at the foster parents' home. But when you go, when you take off from your placement, the state goes, OK, we need that bed for someone else. So if you want to come back, you can't come back. So she's living with her boyfriend. She's 16. She's with this 21-year-old dude. Yes. Who's got a Jaguar. He's got a handgun. He's got drugs. He's got money. Though she barely knows the guy.

43:41She's with him like one time and they drive around. He seems nice and cool. He lets her hold his gun. She posts a picture of herself on Facebook holding the gun and mugging for the camera, which becomes part of the trial as if this is some kind of pattern of hers. So then the next night they're on the street driving around. What was the plan really? The sort of defense argument is a robbery gone wrong. Maybe she and this other girl on the street who she was with and they're both in the dude's car. That's the prosecution's theory, no? Well, the defense has a couple of stories. And that was part of the reason that this sentencing hearing kept getting continued because the judge said, hey, get your story straight.

44:22What are you trying to say? You know, at one point she says it's a rape. Then there's this robbery gone wrong. I can say what I think it was. What do you think? What I think it was was a planned robbery. and basically what happened is that her friend, also in the car, splits because dude, the victim, also had another person in the car, his younger brother. Younger brother and friend both leave, not in a good way. Younger brother is sort of harassing the girls. So younger brother gets out, friend gets out, and then there's Marianne alone with the guy. And maybe their plan to rob this guy is not really working out as she anticipates.

45:08He pulls over to this deserted clearing. He wants to have sex. She allows it to happen. But in her telling, while it was happening, he starts getting really abusive, calling her a hoe and other stuff. And she doesn't want it to be happening anymore. I was also thinking how sad the duplicity of men can be, which is like he He had been so nice to her and so generous, according to her. And then, yeah, post-coital, he's a fucking asshole. He got what he wanted. Or in the middle of it. Yeah, whatever. Once he's getting what he wants. Yes. Whatever happened, eventually it's over. There is a condom, like, on the street.

45:47A red condom. Yes, a red condom. Oh, you're red with great attention. Anyway, she shoots him in the head. With his gun. Did she shoot him in the head while they were fighting? Right. The prosecution says it doesn't look like that. The prosecution says it looks like she shot him when he's sleeping afterward. So it looks more cold-blooded, right? Not self-defense. She shoots him in the head, okay? He's dead, and she takes off. The cops don't find her for quite a while, like six weeks. Oh, wow. She's also in the middle of nowhere, 16 years old. She just shot a guy. She gets out of the car, and she has to walk out of this weird rural pocket of Seattle that she doesn't really know.

46:27I mean, you just got a picture of a 16-year-old girl dealing with what just happened in that car. She got fucked by a dude she didn't want to, and then she shot him in the head. Abused. And now she's wandering the street. Yeah. Oh, fuck. This is also someone who was abused by their father, too. So the trauma. I have often wondered this. So she is abused by her dad, and the sexual abuse question there is undetermined. Suspected, unproven. but she herself told me she has had sex with dudes and I don't think she wanted to. Prostitution, trafficking. I don't think she wanted to but she was in this sort of world and she was doing it and I have often wondered exactly what you're suggesting that in that moment was it all the dudes?

47:12Was it her dad? Was it everyone? I've wondered. I mean I can try to put myself in the head of a 16-year-old girl. I also have been a 16-year-old girl, sometimes in a pretty desperate situation. I mean, I did not have her life in any way. But I did have some pretty dark times in those years. Yeah. And I can imagine. Yeah. Life is valueless. Who gives a fuck? Every life is this dystopian. It's like life doesn't have a ton of value. You're not experiencing the great side of people and having these lovely, wonderful, loving connections. It's not even the same value that I would have. So interesting that you touched on that because one thing that I learned in doing all the reporting for this book, it was a six-year process.

47:57It was a significant amount of time. This idea of envisioning the future, of goals, of I want to be this someday, this does not exist with many, many foster kids. There are some in the book, I should say, who have gone on to great things, but who told me it's because my foster mom said, think of the future. Think of who you'll be. But this idea of envisioning a future, a goal, and how to get there step by step is really foreign. No, it's minute to minute survival. Claudia, I did this show where we drove around and delivered food. I interviewed all these kind of random people. And one of them was a homeless dude I met under the bridge.

48:37Happened to be from Michigan. As I learned from his story, he had been in foster care his whole life in Kalamazoo, Michigan, in and out. and what I was so struck by was I would say like so how long do you think you're gonna stay and he's like I don't know any time I asked him any question that was forward-facing or future he was incapable of it to the point where I was like is his frontal cortex just completely damaged like the area of your brain that would be able to model out a potential future something happened to his so to hear you say that that's so common is interesting because that's the thing that stuck with me, I'm like, I don't think this guy can make a plan whether he's staying or not staying in LA.

49:18To pivot a little and say, look, this book has some pretty hard truths in it. However, there were paths for repair. This can be reversed. And I saw it happen with one guy in the book, Jay. I can tell you that story in a minute. And I saw it happen kind of with Marianne. Arthur Longworth too. Arthur is interesting, right? So early in as you start developing this relationship with her and you're visiting her in prison, you need her to help you understand, but she's not entirely capable of that. She's not at all capable. Okay, great. I was trying to be nice. Someone brings Arthur to your attention.

49:54And here's a guy who's in prison. He murdered someone. And he's older. And he has become an essayist. And he's incredibly articulate about explaining the experience. So art was initially going to be a source for me. Help me get it. But then the more I got to know and understand Art and his story, you're not just a source, you're a character in this book. So Art is sort of walking me through because he's like recognizing this thing that is driving me crazy. Like, how come all these kids in this savior system are not at all being saved? What is happening here? And I'm trying to figure it out by myself on the outside.

50:35But Art, from within maximum security prison, has recognized the same dynamic because huge numbers of all the other inmates around him are dudes he knew in foster care or their kids. And he even kind of started a little group of other foster kids in the prison. All these former foster youth in the prison who have serious, serious sentences. So Art is recognizing this same phenomenon from his personal experience and that of all the people around him. at the same time, just independently, that I'm sort of like, what is this? How does this work? So I write to Art ghosts of the previous killer correspondence of the other book in my head.

51:18Like, oh no, oh no. What am I doing? You're finding myself bad. Yeah, believe me, I had those worries, but Art is not that guy at all. And I really was worried. What is he? Is he a manipulator? Is he a sociopath? No, I don't think so. What was he in prison for? First degree murder. Okay. He killed a young woman in an incredibly brutal crime. Not a quick shot to the head. He stabbed her to death in a car and let her bleed out. It was really, really cold. Wow. So, Art, help me understand. You, help me understand all of this. But Art has written this incredible essay, which is called How to Kill Someone.

51:58And it won some awards. So it's out there online. Anybody can read it. And you come to realize it's not only why and how he killed his victim, but how he perceives that he was sort of soul murdered by the system, how to turn someone into what he calls an animal. He says, you know, I acted like an animal because the system raised me to be an animal. It is art who really articulates the cyclical nature that the book, wards of the state is trying to get at. This system pumping out kids so ill-equipped for productive adulthood that homelessness or incarceration are kind of the most likely outcomes.

52:37We haven't even got into addiction numbers, but they have to be astronomical. They're astronomical and poverty across the board. People will hear this podcast and be like, you're not being fair and broad brush and too dark of a picture. Okay. There might be better outcomes for some people when they are taken into the system much younger. Yes, babies. and with stable placements. And there's all kinds of stuff in the book about attachment theory and connection and what that does to hormones and cortisol and how those things affect behavior. We'll just leave it there. But all the people who go, not fair picture of foster care, I say, but what about these numbers?

53:16You are not confronting the reality of these numbers. Maybe for younger little babies who are adopted out of foster care and they have one family, maybe it's better. But I know of cases where that is the case and weird behavioral stuff comes out when they're teenagers and one wonders. Anyway, Art becomes a character in the book because he's a fantastic writer. Why he was important and frankly useful to me is that because prison has kind of a paralyzing effect in some ways on development, and I've seen this with other guys in prison, that because part of your life kind of stops, you're still able to touch the mind of that person who was the killer, the whatever on the street.

54:08But now you're many decades older. In his case, he's been there more than three decades by the time I reached out to him. But he still can sort of touch this adolescent rage and what it is and how it powers his actions. but he can understand it and articulate it the way an older person can, because he has taught himself to be a writer, despite having only a seventh grade education. So he can touch this experience, but he can articulate it with the tools of an older person. This is what I needed. This is what Marianne could not do for me. Art is also just a very bright guy and a very, say, proactive.

54:44He is deciding from prison, okay, life sentence is what he got. And we won't say what happened to Art because it's a spoiler, But he got a life sentence and he decides, despite that, I'm going to try to reach out to lawmakers, policymakers, all these people on the outside who need to understand the way foster care is an engine, in his mind, powering the carceral system. It is pumping out future inmates. And I think that there's really something to that. And it was the same question I was wondering about. That doesn't mean you need to leap into conspiracy theory that there's some big cabal. Oh, not at all.

55:20I can see people going in that direction. No, without any intention, this is happening. Yeah. In fact, probably the opposite intention. Yeah. I think that most people involved with this system are entirely well-intentioned. I think that the system was created in the 19th century out of good intentions for what do we do for kids who have no family who can care for them. It is originally conceived as a saving system. It is a well-intended thing. The problem with foster care is in 1890, whatever, right. But now, you know, in the last 20 years, we, American society, we have learned an enormous amount about brain development, particularly youth brain development.

56:01And that is the problem, that foster care as a system, structurally, it is not aligned with what we now know about what all humans need to develop in a healthy way. That is the issue, that the structure of foster care, despite its stated aims of permanence, the experience is one of impermanence, right? You're moved around. These people change. If you're a lawyer, you're a foster parent, you're a social worker, you're a therapist, everyone's different. You're a CASA advocate. Your mom was a CASA advocate. Oh, good job. How do you know that? Reporter, dude. People change in your life. It's all about impermanence.

56:41The system is not aligned. It is structurally built around impermanence, which is not helpful to healthy brain development. So that is the thing, like an inherent problem built into it. So people go, Claudia, what should happen here? I'm not a policymaker. I'm not an advocate, just a writer. But I do have a thought or two. Yeah. Please tell me also in the book, there are many people saying, minimally, if you left every single kid in every single abusive situation that exists currently, the outcome will be better. There are people saying that. There are people saying the opposite. I know when my mom was a CASA person, she said the priority is to get the kids with their family.

57:21Regardless of what's up with the family sometimes. And my mom saw all these. I mean, like, there couldn't be a harder situation. It's pretty difficult. You're talking about leaving a kid in a house where they're going to get molested or beaten or maybe killed. Fuck. So this is the thing. Most kids who come into foster care, it's not because of abuse. And it's not because of sexual abuse either. It's because of neglect, the sort of majority reason on every kid's admission form. So neglect can look a lot like poverty. Kid shows up at school in the same dirty clothes for two weeks or never has food at lunchtime.

58:00And a teacher is going to make a phone call or kid is left at daycare. Parents never show up. Somebody is going to make a phone call to CPS. What's up with this kid? If you visit the house and there's three little kids and no parents around. There's no food in the refrigerator. The lights aren't on. Maybe there is no house, right? Maybe they're homeless. You're not supposed to take kids from their parents because of homelessness, but happens all the time. And you can understand why it would. So, yes, too many kids have been taken into foster care because just because you're poor doesn't mean you don't love your kids.

58:29And maybe there are, not maybe, there surely are some parents who are on the margins, do not have the means to support their kids. And if we supported people more, families more, we wouldn't be taking their kids into foster care, right? If we help people keep the lights on, have housing stability. Some basic stuff. We wouldn't be compelled to take their kids into foster care. Okay, so yes, make the system smaller. Use the savings that you're not giving to foster parents now for family preservation services, more mental health, substance abuse treatment. There are kids who cannot be safe at home.

59:05Really quick, I don't want to say the number because no one would know it off the top of their head, but there's 400 ,000 kids in foster right now. Which is down from even a couple of years ago because everyone goes, oh, foster care is such a damaging system. So the priority is keep them with their families however you can. Say you did these things, but there certainly are kids who are being sexually abused or tortured at home and cannot be safe at home. So you have a smaller system that is just focused on those kids, these extreme cases. This is like a dreamy hypothetical. You've given more services to their biological families.

59:39So some kids are staying at home more safely. The system itself is smaller now. Maybe it has 200 or 300 ,000 kids in it or maybe 100 ,000. But the system is a housing system, right? It is essentially you got a bed, you'll be fed. It needs to be a healing system. It obviously needs to be conceived as a rehabilitative system because we know that every single kid in there has undergone really damaging trauma, even if it is merely the trauma of being removed or ripped away from their biological parents who they love and forgive even for neglect. Even if the kid should have never been taken into foster care and if you just help their family and they love their family and maybe they'll be reunited.

1:00:25But that kid is in foster care and has severe trauma from being removed and then moved around all these people that they don't connect with because they can't connect because they're going to be moved. So that's a housing system. That's sort of a we'll keep you housed until you're 18 and then thanks. Goodbye. That is insane. Yeah. It is not working. It needs to be a rehabilitative system and not like psychotropic drug cocktails, which is what we do. So Marianne and most of the kids in the book have been drugged since they were little kids with this combination of antipsychotics and antidepressants and drugs to sleep and anti-anxiety.

1:01:02And these drugs were never designed for use on children. And children are taking four or five. A cocktail. And that's the healing. Yeah. Okay, so no. Yeah, yeah. And then they go and they sell drugs and people are like, oh, put them in jail. It's like what they've been. Also, then you're 18 and you're cut off and you don't have your meds anymore. Exactly. You need it. Stay tuned for more Armchair Expert. If you dare.

1:01:37Okay, here's what I've been saying for a very long time. I want you to evaluate this theory. And when you look at these numbers, this is a fiscally responsible approach. Like if you added up what 25 % of the prison population costs a year, if you added up what homelessness in LA costs in San Francisco, you're talking on the order of hundreds of billions of dollars at this point. We're spending$31 billion a year on foster care. The prison system is insane. So if you could approach Congress and just go like, hey, I'm here to save you$50 billion, but here's how it works. If you are unlucky enough to be born into a house that you have to be removed from, you should be then lucky enough to go to Hogwarts.

1:02:17I think that our foster care should be a place you die to go to with the greatest services and the best health care professionals. It should be all hands on deck. Let's save this group of people and let's spend a fucking fortune doing it. And that is going to save us money down river. This would be like half the cost to take these incredibly unlucky kids and make them the luckiest kids immediately. That's to me what the approach should be. Is that flawed or impossible? It's not flawed. And so one thing that has really surprised me. So in general, the response to this book has been like, yes, this is it.

1:02:55But there are some people who have not felt that way and who have written to me, including researchers who have built their whole career on researching foster care, who have said to me, it's not that many, but it's a couple and it has stuck out to me. There are some kids you can't do anything for. This one researcher who is a very credible person wrote to me and said, there's like 18 % of kids that are chronically criminally involved and it's too late for them. This is not the only person who said that to me. I am shocked. Maybe you feel that way. I'm kind of offended by that attitude. And I saw through the reporting in this book, that need not be true.

1:03:36Even with Marianne, who got this chance. I don't want to give away the end because there's actually like a narrative arc to this book. She got this chance after being sentenced and sent to adult prison when she was a teenager, adult women's prison in Washington state, there was a chance because there was a new law and it allowed for people charged and convicted as adults when they were minors to be in a youth facility until they're in their mid twenties. The thinking being brain development, youth facility, more oriented toward therapy, education, right? A more therapeutic environment. Wouldn't this be better than putting teenager directly into snake pit prison.

1:04:21Where she falls in love with an inmate immediately, 11 years older than her two doors down. In prison. She gets this reprieve. After a year in prison, she is sort of in the first cohort to experience this new law. And she is sent to a youth facility, even though by this point she's 20 years old. So I visited her there a lot. And I saw a clear change. I don't want to say then what happened because that is a spoiler. But I will pivot to another person in the book who his name is Jay. He's a foster kid in New York City. He has been kicked out or dropped out of three high schools. He lands at his fourth high school.

1:05:03This is a kid lugging his stuff around New York City in a garbage bag. His clothes, his food, his birth certificate. He lands at his fourth high school. He's, I think, 17. Nobody thinks he's going to even get a high school diploma. It sure doesn't look like it. He connects with this 23-year-old youth advocate at this last chance high school. She's not some highly trained credentialed therapist, anything like that. Her job is get the kids over the finish line. Get them to graduation. That's it. Get them off our desk. Whatever it takes. So this kid, Jay, is very gang involved. One reason he doesn't go to school ever is because he's always afraid of getting jumped by a rival set.

1:05:49In fact, he has been jumped and nearly killed and landed in the hospital. He has also assaulted other people. He's heavily involved. He connects with this youth advocate. He's this huge dude, tatted, weeping in her office. She's 23 years old. She's like, oh my God. Yeah. But they connect. And their connection is merely Jay coming by her office once or twice a week and they look at Google Maps and they decide a new route to school. You can go this way. You can go this way. That's it. It's not a deep, deep thing. They do that nine months. Jay gets his high school diploma right before this book was published.

1:06:28I watched him defend his dissertation and be awarded a PhD. This is a kid no one thought would graduate high school. He's now a professor on a tenure track. He was already violent. He had been. Yeah. And he was able to course correct. Yeah, you're saying it's a possibility. And marrying Anne. It could happen. It can happen. Will it happen with every single kid? Of course not. But what are you going to do is say no to everyone? Because it's not going to work for every single. I hate that. Right. Right. If it doesn't pencil out, don't bother. If it worked for 10 % of the kids. I'll take it. It's like AA.

1:07:01AA is only 32 % successful. But relative to what? Right. 0 % is successful. So it's pretty fucking good. Look, some people, if you have no compassion for this, okay. But for you, it's better. Do you want people out on the street committing crimes? It affects you. Exactly. So Art really articulates this lack of empathy that he came out of the system with. That it forces kids to not develop empathy. And that's exactly what you're saying. Like, do you want that out there? No. Yeah, because I'll add, and this is, again, the thing I appreciated, is like you're not trying to paint a rosy picture of Marianne.

1:07:42She had wreckage. She gets into jail. First thing she does is clog her toilet and flood the place with piss and shit. She beat some girl up that was pregnant violently. I mean, she's a handful. It's not like this is easy. Correct. And I think that's important also. It's scary, and people are scared, and they don't know what to do. And they're like, just lock them away. So I also understand. It's like if you're looking at 16 years old, you've done all this stuff. First time you meet her, she's in custody for the first time, and she's like, I'm going to shit on the floor. She's a handful. But people can change.

1:08:09I know, yeah. And part of the reason she's a handful, if it was earlier on intervention, it wouldn't have gotten to this point. Yes. Necessarily. Yes. Now, look, I'm not a psychiatric professional. I guess that some people maybe have inborn psychopathy. Yeah, of course. But this is a minuscule percentage. Yes, yes. Almost not worth talking about. What's your setup? What's your genetics? Okay. But I saw her change. Some things happened that maybe that change is in flux. But I saw her change. I definitely know that Jade changed. People can change. Yeah. Oh, man. So you tell the story of Arthur, Monique, Tina.

1:08:54You have a lot of characters in this book. And they have varying outcomes with their life. As you said, he just defended his PhD dissertation. Incredible. Unbelievable. I watched it. But he was crying when they said, yes, you're a doctor. Oh, my. I was crying. It was amazing. How beautiful. It was beautiful. Well, OK, I'm co-signing on here. I mean, yes, if you can cut the thing down by half just to begin with by these neglect things that are probably uncomfortable for us to witness, but far preferred to detachment and isolation. And then it needs an overhaul. The kids that do end up there, we got to reward them with like a lottery ticket.

1:09:34It's just so unfair. They deserve them the complete opposite to right size the ship. And the drug thing is pretty weird. Basically, we're managing them by drugging them. It's one flew over the cuckoo's nest. It's pretty creepy. But then being mad that they're drug addicts. To make the case for them, you're working at this place. There's 20 kids. They're violent all the time. You're taking a kid to the hospital and you're like, okay, well, trips to the hospital or over medicating. I don't think anyone's evil. You're in a bunch of terrible situations. You're picking between lesser of terrible options.

1:10:03And maybe the medication is the best of the lesser options. That is what this book is saying. There's not some villain. No. It is merely the structure of a system that is not aligned to what we know humans need to be healthy. Yeah. We had a systems expert on once. And he said the simplest Okami razor thing is like, whatever results you're seeing of the system, that is what the system produces. Exactly. Period. The results are the proof of what the system produces. So it's like, we're just at a point with these numbers. You can't pretend it does anything but what it does. Yeah. And just one more number.

1:10:37Okay. So you have this roughly 50, maybe 59 % of kids who age out of foster care have serious criminal involvement by the time they are 26. That's out of that Midwest evaluation study. So 59 % versus fewer than 5%, some people will say 3 % of kids who grow up in foster care will ever get a four-year college degree. Three. 59 % versus 3%. These are the outcomes. Yeah. This is what the system produces. Oh, man. Back to the beginning. This is not a secret. People know these numbers. Yeah. And everyone's like, hmm. I know. Nobody's that worked up about it. I guess I got worked up. But we have all these psychologists writing all these books on mental development.

1:11:23We know all this information. They're out there talking about it. And yet we're applying it where? Well, if you're rich. Yeah, exactly. You get all that help. And spending$31 billion every year for these outcomes. I don't know why it never occurred to me. It's like, well, we know addiction knows no boundaries. Just as many rich people are addicted as poor people. professionals are addicted as much as blue collar. Addiction is addiction. Sexual abuse is sexual abuse. All these things, they have no respect for a socioeconomic level. And the notion that, yeah, there's no rich kids in foster care.

1:11:58Are you telling me that they're not in the same situations? They are, other than the neglect. So there's one other thing that I should mention about responses that are happening. So kinship care. So people have only very recently, like in the past few years, and I'm not talking the past 10 years, I'm talking the past three years or so, a recognition that, okay, there seems to be better outcomes if a kid is placed with someone they know, a relative or even fictive kin, which could be like a family friend or a teacher or a coach. Someone who knows the kid or knows their community is connected with them in some way.

1:12:36Kinship care. So it used to always be that grandma took in her grandkids, but those people never got the state money. So they never got the money that goes to foster parents, to strangers. They were just bankrupting their retirement by caring for their kin. The change is that more and more states, including Washington state and nationally, it is happening that you can now become licensed as a kinship provider just for your relatives. So you don't have to jump through all the hoops and all the training that are required of sort of conventional foster parent strangers. You can just be licensed for your relative and get the state support.

1:13:22So this is a change. Is it perfect? Probably not. Nothing is, but it is better. Certainly a significant reform. And incredibly, even until pretty recently, perhaps even to this moment, there are definitely people who go, well, why would we give the kid to their grandmother? Their grandmother fucked up her own daughter, who is the kid's mother, and the apple doesn't fall far from the tree, and the whole family's screwed up. This has been sort of the prevailing attitude, why we don't give kids, why we have traditionally not placed children with kin, because this belief they were the problem in the first place.

1:13:58And perhaps they're thinking they're that much closer to the abuser we just took them for. They can now stop by their brother's house. Right. So this is what I mean. Like, is it a perfect solution? Not necessarily. It is surely better than moving the kid among strangers for years. Yes, this is we already talked about it, but this notion that we're going to wait for a perfect solution is not it. We got to be happy with some improvements and we have to have an appetite for the downside we discover. And for saying this worked, this didn't work. I think we get so like, oh, we did it and now it's too late.

1:14:32It's like you can change it if we see that doesn't work. Well, you have kids and I have kids. And the minute you have kids, I feel like you're incredibly aware of the luck or not luck a kid gets. My mom always said this, like, you get brought home from the hospital to a house and that's you don't pick out the window. You get brought from that hospital and you're in a situation. And I don't know why I'm going to say this, but maybe back to art. Was any part of his explanation, when I try to make peace with some of my totally amoral behavior, which I had a lot of it, the way I would justify this stuff was, yeah, man, it's unjust.

1:15:11I didn't get my fair shake. All of empathy and interpersonal relationships, they're all built on reciprocity. So if no one is showing you kindness and generosity, well, guess what? You don't fucking show it back. You're like, no, no, I get it. I got to take mine. I felt very justified in that at times like this was unjust so the system is fucked up so why would I play by the rules of the system that I was a victim of you have no regard for it he would absolutely say yes sure if I was that kid I'd be saying please and thank you and showing up on time but I didn't get that hand so fuck everyone he would say I don't understand I guess they got it and so they know it but I don't know how to be that way I didn't ever learn it yeah Yes.

1:15:56It's not as innate as we'd like to believe it is. He always says empathy is learned. I wonder. I look at my own kids and I felt like I saw empathy very, very, very early. Yes. I do think any social animal has empathy. You have to to coexist in a organization. And he did for his sister. I think you can lose it. I think he did lose it. Yes. Because, again, the whole reason it has it is for group cohesion. And if there is no group cohesion in your life, that is nothing for you to protect. Somehow he kind of got it back. Well, I think the group in the prison with the other foster kids. So they're no longer kids by this point.

1:16:35I think that's what happens in an AA meeting. You're like looking around at all these people that you have a lot in common with. And you start going, oh, this is so interesting. Why do we all have this in common? What's the overlap? There's a ton. Absolutely. Well, Claudia, I love the book. It's gritty. It's an unflinching look at the reality of all the things that were happening. Thank you so much. Yeah, it's great. I loved it. Really awesome. The book is Wards of the State, The Long Shadow of American Foster Care. And I really, really hope a lot of people read it. And I really, really hope a lot of us start caring about this, myself included.

1:17:06I was talking to my wife about it while reading it. And we're both like, fuck me. We got to somehow use our— So I feel too— So we got to do something, you know? Yeah. Thanks for reading. Yeah, I loved it. I loved it. It's coming on. Yes. It's great. Can't wait for you to come back with your next book. I have some ideas. Okay, good, good. Good. All right. Thank you so much, Claudia. We hope you enjoyed this episode. Unfortunately, they made some mistakes.

1:17:36Oh, my God. It's like I'm looking through binoculars. Why? I just got my new lenses that have my FAR prescription up top. Transitions, they call them. Oh, sure. Yes. And then my nearsightedness down here. I've never had the top. I feel like I'm looking at through binoculars. I can see every pore on your face. Great. My favorite thing. So happy to hear that. I'm totally teasing. I cannot see your pores. That's just an example one would give if they could see perfectly. Okay. I just want to apologize to everyone because we did an Armchair Anonymous story a while back where a woman drank a rat in a water bottle, which we've referred to a couple times.

1:18:24But it's really fucked with some people, including me. As we know, I thought a rat got in my kettle, into the straw part of the kettle. I still am not positive that that didn't happen. Even though physics would say it couldn't. Anything's possible. Yeah, yeah. My friend Sally, she voice memoed me the other day, and she said— Sally from Argent. Sally, who owns the amazing suit company Argent. Yeah. Very successful woman. Very smart woman. Smart woman and successful woman. So— Get in line, folks. That's right. Well, don't. She is married and has children. Oh, okay. But get in line to buy her stuff.

1:19:05She asked me a voice memo and said, I make this dessert for my kids where I puree strawberries and lemons. And then it sounds amazing. And she like slices the strawberries. She puts the puree on and whips cream, puts that on there with some honey and vanilla or something. And then I know. And she layers that up. She sometimes makes this for the kids, she says, and she makes a little bit for her. So she did this. And she says she was eating it and she tasted something weird. There was a weird texture. And so she pulled out this little piece, this little white tiny piece. And then there was more.

1:19:49And she's convinced that it was a rat. Now there's rats in all of our foods. Okay. Well, you know, I have been laughing about it thus far. I know it stayed with you, really. It was really strong. It's a big one for you. Yeah. And I had made a water in the gym last week. And then I put it in a little holder next to my machine. And then like two days went by. And then I went and I had another sip of it. No! And it tasted weird. And I will admit, I was like, oh no, is there a mouse in here? I had it. I had the feeling. Of course, there was not a mouse in there. Are you sure? Yes, and I was like, how could I even entertain this?

1:20:36Like, it was up so high on a rack. There's no way a mouse could have gotten up there. Of course they can. And the top was closed. But it tasted funky, and you'll be happy to know that it is in my subconscious as well. Because now the minute I taste something funky in water, I now do think, oh, there's a mouse inside. There's a mouse in this house. I hate to tell you, a mouse went in there, swam around for a while, and then came out. Just took a nice bath. Closed the lid. He opened the lid. He's a conscientious mouse. Yeah, I mean, we are. As a group, mice are conscientious and hardworking and good at covering our tracks.

1:21:12So I feel like that mouse opened that lid, went in there, did a swim. Took a bath. Yes. Bathed. Yeah, well, yeah. Clean mice. They're clean. They're cleaner than you think. I heard you coming. I was like, oh, my God, Texas is coming. Ran up and closed it and you drank it. And now I have bubonic plague. Should we make water bottles with fake mice in them? Oh, wow. Like a mouse ice cube thing? Oh, that's cute, actually. Or just a toy one that floats in there. I think we might get sued choking-wise. I guess it could be huge. Yeah, it can't fit out the hole. You'd be surprised what people sue over.

1:21:54Oh, what you can sue over. Yeah, I just heard a story about someone, I'm afraid to tell it. Oh, what? Well, just someone sat on the hot bar at a Whole Foods and they burnt themselves. And then they sued Whole Foods. And now they're the reason that there's a sign. And I said to my kids, that's, I said, what's to say you pick up the tongs and slam them into your eyeball? Well, we got to have fucking signs on the tongs. Don't slam these into your eyeballs. Wait, they sat on the hot bar? Yes, and got burned. Why did they, ew. There was a childish, old enough child that I, you know. I have to say something.

1:22:28That is so disgusting that someone's butt was on the hot bar. I think they were clothed. I don't care. They farted in their pants and put their pants on the hot bar. I know. Yeah, maybe Whole Foods should have sued them. Exactly. Yeah, it might have been Gelson's. I'm not sure. So don't sue me if you're either of those stores. But apparently this happened. It could have been Lazy Acres, too. My kids were thrilled by this story. And I was like, this is not a good story. People shouldn't be suing companies for sitting on top of a hot bar. Did the kids think like, yeah, stick it to the man? I guess.

1:23:01I don't know. They just probably cited someone they knew had a story that involved changing a policy at a grocery store. Was it one of their friends who sat on the hot bar? It was? Yeah, yeah, yeah. Or one of their friend's sisters or something. Oh, my God. Please don't sit on the hot bar. Yeah. Silly. I feel bad because I like a buffet in theory. I used to like them a lot. We know you love a buffet. Love. And it's getting, the older I get, the more I resist an open food situation. Because you're afraid of. I'm just like, ew. Like too many people breathing on it. Coughing. Like I just don't trust people anymore.

1:23:46Sure. That's why these salad bars often, they have such a restrictive plexiglass plate over it so you can't cough on it that it's nearly impossible to get your arms under the thing and operate. And I'm like, I'd rather take on some illness and have the freedom to move and do my magic. You want that? Yeah, I want it wide open so I can operate. Oh, no. But you know me. I'm a risk taker. I'm an adrenaline junkie. You also have germy stuff. You have weird stuff. Not very much. I guess you just don't like fish. Yeah, I think you're confusing fish and germs. I guess. I work under the assumption you're going to get every single germ, and it's kind of a waste of time to worry about it.

1:24:28Okay, well, I disagree. I don't think you have to get listeria. And you actually, you don't. You do not have to get listeria. But listeria wouldn't be born from the people coughing on it. No, but it's the lettuce. That's coming from the field. Yeah. So that's another thing. I don't want listeria. Right. But we're trusting that whoever put that huge vat of lettuce cleaned the lettuce. Yes, but okay, this will be a very unpopular opinion and people will be mad about it. But it's like when we have friends that are like, they were going to come over and they're like, I don't think we should come over because so-and-so got sick.

1:24:57I'm like, well, great. We're either going to get it today or we're going to get it in four days. We live in LA. Our kids go to a school. I'm going to get everything. So it's like all I'm doing is picking what time I think is most convenient for me to get a cold. Yes, I totally disagree with you. Yes. Yeah, yeah. I often avoid many sicknesses by just not seeing the person that's sick. I think some people's lives are controllable in that manner. But I think once you have kids that are in a public school, there's no control. It's like whatever is in the gen pop, you're going to get because they're going to be at school with other kids that have it.

1:25:31So maybe this is just me accepting the reality of my last 13 years, which is like when you have kids, you're not going to be able to choose who you interact with. That's out the window. Sure. So when we have friends that are like, you know, so-and-so is sick, I'm like, yeah, well, if it's in her school, it's in my kid's school, or it certainly will be by Tuesday, and then they're going to bring it home to me. It's like, it's just, all we're talking about is timeline. Yeah, but sometimes timeline makes a difference. Like if you have a huge fucking thing at work or you have something big, and you don't, you're like, I'm not, I don't want that.

1:26:05Right. For that. I want it on the weekend. I'd rather, if I have to get it, I got to get a different time. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Speaking of sicknesses, I was at the hospital visiting a friend. For a positive thing. For a positive thing, but that's my whole point. Hospitals are so, they're such a mindfuck. Because the best possible things are happening there and the worst possible things are happening there. Sure, life is coming into the world and life is leaving the world. Simultaneously. The circle of life is all in that city block. In one building. Yeah, yeah. So, yeah, I was visiting a friend who had a baby.

1:26:42And I was pulling up and I could feel myself. I was, like, getting kind of anxious as I was, like, driving up to the hospital. And I was, like, what is this feeling? Like, is it what? And it was, like, at night and I was kind of tired. So I was, like, oh, maybe I'm just tired. But then I was, like, no, I really, I don't want to be here. I don't like hospitals at all. And I, it was kind of a new realization and maybe it's, maybe it's newer the older I get. And where I know like, oh, death is upon us. Yeah, yeah, yeah. And I just, I did not like it there. And I was happy to be there to support my friend.

1:27:27I was really happy I went. I wrote in my journal that was the best part of my day. Yeah. I don't know if that was like a lie to myself, but I was happy. Do you find that you lie in your journal a lot? No. Okay. Well, I don't know. Sure. No, no. Like I'm writing down the correct amount of water. I'm writing down the correct amount of alcohol. I'm doing it. But are you writing down takeaways that you wish were your takeaways versus what they really were? No, like yesterday I wrote, am I depressed or do I have an infection? That was in my notes section. Okay. No, I think I'm pretty honest in there.

1:28:09Okay. Anyway, so I was just like very overcome with the idea that these nurses, there's like, and they're so happy. Some nurses came in and out. Yeah. They're truly a special breed. I know. They're the best we've got. They really are. And we're so lucky, like, to have them. Truly. And, like, the NICU nurses and stuff. Because at least the doctors, you're like, oh, the doctors are rich. Exactly. But the nurses aren't rich. And you're like, God bless. The nurses are doing the dirty work. I think 95 % of everything. Yeah, they're doing most of the work and all the dirty work. Oh, yeah, yeah. The thankless work.

1:28:49The thankless work. They're so smiley. And the patients are often quite cranky. They're in their worst mood. They're likely to be in their whole life. I know. So I was so grateful. They're amazing. I mean, truly, I'm not pandering to anyone. They're fucking mind-blowing. And, you know, one of the night nurses my friend was talking to and I was like, why do you do the night shift? You know, they work 7 to 7. And she said, well, then, you know, I get to be with my kids during the day. And my friend was like, well, when do you sleep then? And she was like, well, I nap in my kidnaps. Basically, I nap in my kidnaps.

1:29:25I'm like, you get one hour of sleep a day? Like this is, and she's so smiley and happy and kind. And I mean, it's, they are really special. And then they have to see so much death. I wish my dad had been a little gentler on some of the nurse staff towards the end. But he got a couple wild things in his mind that he thought had happened. You know, after he got brain radiation and stuff, there were a couple things where it's like I showed up and he was at war with the entire nurse staff. Sure. What did he think happened? Well, he had this story about how they had come in in the middle of the night and like assaulted him in all these ways.

1:30:05And as I was listening to the details, I'm like, I think they changed his diaper. Like I think that's what happened. But it's like delirium. Yeah. It was this crazy event that happened. But they're used to that because, like, a lot of patients with dementia, like my grandfather, like, you know. Well, after that, every time I came, I brought flowers for the nurses. And I would say to them, thank you for your patience with my dad. I was afraid he was going to get kicked out. I'm like, he needs to be, like, bud, if you get kicked out of here, what the fuck? They're not. Back to the hospital thing.

1:30:36Mm-hmm. This is a brag. I do think my superpower as a person, I just isolated this recently. Because I was going to see a friend that's very ill. and Kristen was like, as I was leaving, she was like, in some way, like, you know, oh, this will be hard, you know, good luck kind of thing. And I said, oh, I'm going to have a blast. Like, that's what I can do. I can have a blast anywhere. That's the thing I can decide is like, I'm going to have a blast here. And I've been in the hospital quite a bit in my day visiting people. And for the most part, it's been a party, you know? I just I can that's the one thing I can do is I can figure out how to have fun nearly anywhere or my Lincoln and Kristen went to a funeral in Toledo leading up to it.

1:31:21You know, they're of course somber. They're also sad about the person. And I said, you know, don't forget. A lot of times these funerals are so fucking fun because you're seeing a bunch of your family members you haven't seen in a long time or even in Lincoln's case meeting some that she hasn't met. And this funeral, yeah, halfway through they bounced and went sledding. with cousins she had never met. And I was like, you know, these things can turn into a party. But always be open to the fact that they can turn into a party. Right. I do not sell you on this. I think that's right that you, I think you do do that.

1:31:57I think you can do that and you do do that. It's like my one skill. I can't fix anything that's going on with these friends and family members I've had that have gotten ill. Like, I can't, I feel so powerless. There's nothing that can be done. But then I think, well, the only thing I can do is, like, I can be a party when I'm there. I can try to be a reprieve from the heaviness of all this. Sure. Yeah. That's true. I mean, for the person that's, like, sick, that's a huge gift. Unless they're like, hey, why are you so goddamn happy, man? I'm fucking dying. I guess I could go that way. Well. It's not time for jokes, my friend.

1:32:34It depends on who it is. Yeah. Everyone's different. Yeah. I think if you're sick, you want lightness probably, mostly. So that's probably good to have you around. I think the flip of that coin, because all superpowers have flips. A dark side. Have a dark side. Yeah, yeah. Double-edged sword. In some ways, I think that there's a compartmentalization that you have to do to do that, right? You have to be like, that part's not here. I just simply go to if I were them and I was towards the end, the last thing I would want is to watch person after person come and cry in front of me and me to know I'm the source of all this sadness.

1:33:19That would be very hard for me with my disposition. Right. Like I have always been trying to make everyone around me as happy as possible. So if I was the source of all this sadness around me, that would just be a very miserable last period for me. It's like, oh, my God, all these broken, all these people's hearts. This is like one, you know, I just so I just I assume right or wrong that they're in that situation that they've mostly been dealing with people coming in and crying. And they're maybe even feeling inclined to have to comfort all these people. and so yeah I want to I want to I want to be like we have limited time to party yeah let's do it no I don't mean for the person I mean for like for me well what is true probably is that quite often I don't experience the thing that people were experiencing in the hospital room till months later so I do think that is true like I'll I'll I'll get a wave of sadness post everything yeah You know, yeah, with Barton, it wasn't until I got on an airplane to fly to Detroit where I was like, oh, my God, all that just happened.

1:34:26You know, because I wasn't allowing it to happen at the time. I don't know which one's better or worse, whether I feel it a month later or in the moment. I don't know. Yeah. I don't mean, yeah. I don't think there's better or worse for just individual. But I wonder if you expect more people to have that mentality. You're very, very quick to move on to like the bright side, the happy side. Remember, funerals can be a party. You can't spell funeral without fun, F-U-N. Sure. That part. Yeah. And I think that is definitely a way that you cope. But I don't think it's however. I think a lot of people like need to feel it.

1:35:14Oh, sure. Yeah, I don't think most people are like me in that way for sure. Yeah. Now this is borderline a saccharine story, but truly it's one of the most exceptional things I've ever witnessed in my life, which is I was in Afghanistan with Tom Arnold. We were just starting this comedy show we were going to do. Then they started firing the Holitzer, which is this huge cannon. It's shaking the whole thing. We're on this tiny little base on the border of Pakistan and Afghanistan. and they come in at some point there's a lot of firing firing firing then they come in they go okay it's over um go out to the flight line um um they're bringing back um two dead soldiers and like four wounded soldiers and so they take us to the flight line and they teach us how to salute and we're gonna do this whole thing right and now it's getting really intense like um it's also that the air is incredible like it is all very memorable it's like very warm but it's it's raining and we're saluting and it's emotional and they play they're playing the bagpipe yeah and i'm like wow this is fucking crazy real like how am i standing here yeah and then after the where we salute they send us back to our little temporary where we're staying in these barracks and then about 20 minutes later they come and they go okay guys you are up go go into the emergency room oh um we want you to talk with the guys that are wounded and now i'm thinking like are we um qualified to go do that i mean this These guys are like 30 minutes out from being ambushed.

1:36:42Yeah. So we go into this little tiny plywood hospital where they're like they're doing some radical stuff on these guys really quick. And I see them put an x-ray up. They've just x-rayed this guy that they've just also wheeled over. And I can see he has shrapnel all over his chest, right? So this guy is quite fucked up. And without missing a beat, Tom Arnold stepped up. He's like, hey, buddy, where are you from? Blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah. And Tom started letting it rip. And he's telling stories about Roseanne and about all this getting stabbed in the chest in the kitchen. And this guy starts laughing so hard that the doctor has to come over and go, okay, hold on, hold on.

1:37:23Back up a little bit. That's nice. And I was just sitting there. It was the Tom show. I wasn't involved at all. And I was just watching like, this is insanely powerful. Yeah. This thing Tom Arnold can do fearlessly without any. He just ran right in there, started letting rip. The guy had already been given morphine, but that wasn't necessarily changing anything. But this, it was insane. Yeah, that's amazing. And I was like on the verge of tears watching this power Tom Arnold had and what he did to this dude in this moment. And then we then went on to other bases and blah, blah, blah. And then when we got back to the main base, we ran into that dude.

1:38:03he had been sent there for more medical treatment and he was well enough that we saw him and yeah, the way he thanked Tom for that was like That's huge It was incredible Yeah, that's incredible I think that's great if you can give someone that Yeah, like what he bought him in that moment is like you can't there's not even a drug you can give somebody for that Oh, yeah Yeah I showed Link in your favorite movie I know you just heard that in a previous interview My second favorite movie Yes Well, top five Ocean's Eleven. Ocean's Eleven. So good. What'd she think? So, she loved it. It's so clever.

1:38:38It is. It's so clever. What a screenplay. It's so fun and smart. Oh, yeah. Like, you are trying to fit, like, the way it all comes together in the end. Danny Ocean's very clever. He's very clever. It was fun for her, too, because I think she's only been seeing Brad Pitt at his current age. Yes. And for her, not me, he's a very old man. That's wild. You know, when you're 12, a 62-year-old man is quite old. Yeah. So seeing him at whatever he was in that movie, I think it was 2001. Yeah. He was probably, I don't know, 40 or something. But he looked probably 35. Yeah, he looks in his mid-30s. Oh, he's so youthful looking.

1:39:17He is. And she was like, she was getting it. She's like, oh, my God, he's so cute. I don't know. I know. He's fucking jawline. That whole cast. Oh, my God. I know. Everyone. I heard they're doing another one with the original cast. I don't know if that's a rumor. I hope they bring them all back. Everyone is so good in it. Casey is so funny in that movie. Don Cheadle. Don Cheadle. Cheadle's incredible. Damon's. They're all fucking phenomenal. I know. What a movie. And no women. One woman. One woman. Julia Roberts. Yeah. Biggest movie star of all time. Yeah. And she has a few scenes. Yeah. But it's just funny because this already came up in this interview.

1:39:57But, yeah, as I watch all these movies with my daughters, It's like it's almost impossible to not acknowledge that there was almost no women in any of these movies that were huge hits. I mean, obviously women know that, you know? Yeah, yeah, yeah. Like women see it and understand. I do think it's reasonable, but it is so funny that it requires like having women in your life, not even like a wife, but like specifically daughters to be able to like see the injustices for women. But you just said we knew, but do you think that's true? Because like Kristen will be the first. Like when you were watching Ocean's Eleven, were you thinking there's no women or were you just enjoying the movie?

1:40:39No, I was enjoying. I think now we're cognizant of it, but we were in the water at that time. I don't even think you noticed because it's all that existed. Well, no, you know, like, no, you enjoy the movie, but you're aware that like there's one female role in a movie that you'd want to have. Or there's two. There's the role and the best friend often. And that's it. So when you're an actor, even when you're just like an acting class looking for scenes and stuff, like you're very aware. Like, oh, this is limited. Or there's two tropes only. Yeah, yeah, yeah. But like when you were 14 and watching that.

1:41:22Or like Beverly Hills Cop. Yeah, but I didn't see that. Yeah, it's just zero. So much of these movies that were huge. Yes. Yes. I didn't notice. Yeah, yeah. I know. Because that's just what a movie was. Exactly. Yeah. Yeah. Written by men, geared toward men. Yeah, it's men writing stories that interest them, which are going to be adventure-y, conquer, you know. Yeah. But I also think men now that things have changed to an extent and are changing, men still enjoy those. it's just you know what I mean yeah yeah yeah no I think we've all yeah now you're like duh yeah exactly exactly I'm having the um that fun dissonance of like having grown up without ever thinking of anything and then you know and this is this goes for a bunch of things totally yeah it's pretty weird you know you watch movies with from the 80s with your kids and it's just It's like there might be a fat runner that goes on for like 13 scenes over the course of the movie.

1:42:27There might be, I mean, my God, Revenge of the Nerds. It's like they rape a girl. It's a huge hit movie. I know. You're like, oh, but they're nerds. You feel bad for it. Like it's insane. I know, I know. You watch it now and it's just like, wow, I just don't understand how that wasn't obvious to me back then. It is. It is crazy how time moves. Yeah. And society moves and what's acceptable moves. And I think that is, you know, when we when we get into like, oh, like everyone's so woke. I think that's just like a tension with the changing times. Like at some point, this is going to look crazy. Something's going to look crazy.

1:43:11People are going to watch it and be like, oh, my God, they were saying that they were doing that. Yeah, that's inevitable. evolve you know and I think they'll always be a group that's like what we should be allowed to do that we should but it's like we got to keep evolving yeah yeah yeah it's interesting tears tears um okay oh I also wrote do you think Asians have a resistance to water could they how much water does you know me I like to I know Asians have a resistance to lactose. Okay. It says there's no biological resistance or genetic inability for Asians. Oh, this is confusing to swim or float in water.

1:43:54That's not what I'm asking. Yeah. There's no, nobody's allergic to water. Not allergic, not allergic, but just like, maybe it doesn't. Okay. First of all, you know, more than anyone, there's no such thing as nobody. No, there are some nobodies. There are some nobodies. How can you say? There's no human that's allergic to oxygen. Well, there probably is, and then they die. Well, then they're not a human. They didn't even make it. They were a different species if they couldn't process oxygen. Okay. I mean, there are some things. You know, humans will die if they're left in a room that's 200 degrees.

1:44:32We have some limits that no one is excused from. So, yeah, we need water, all humans. We need water. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. And nobody's allergic to water. I didn't, okay. But don't you think some bodies could process things differently and you might not know? So, yes, people have different salinity counts, baseline salinity counts, like how well they process and or hold on to salt. And so, yes, there are people that have a higher salinity count who will dehydrate slower than people with a very low salinity count. So sure, there could be populations of people that have a predisposition to dehydration and some that are less likely to dehydrate based on that population's differing genetic salinity count.

1:45:22So that's interesting because then certain populations have a high salinity count. They might not need as much water. That's true. And then they might be like full off of water. Well, no. So I agree with you. All I don't agree with you is that anyone would not need water. Okay. Well, not not need at all. Just maybe need less and also like. Totally possible. When I'm with people and they're drinking so much water and then I'm like trying to drink more water because of my planner. Mostly white people love water. It's not all white people. It's not all whites. It's not all whites. I think it's socioeconomic to some degree.

1:46:00I would love to see a graph of socioeconomics and water intake. Why? That's interesting. Because I think rich people have the bandwidth to be micromanaging their health in a way that people are just trying to survive would be. And so I think they have more of an obsession with water. Drinking water. Oh, yeah. That's probably true. I just mean the way my body feels. Like I'm with people and their glass is gone and gone and gone. And then I'll be like, I need to drink water to match, you know. And then I'll start. and then I'm halfway through the cup and I'm, I'm full of water. Like it is not, I'm not, I'm, it's not an exaggeration.

1:46:43It's not like I'm like, I'm full. Sure. Yeah. You're a maximum water. I don't want my, my cup in my body. My cup is full. Is full and it will run. It will run it over. Yeah. And it's uncomfortable for me. Cause you know, at night I drink a ton of water cause of my vitamins. So I'm just like drinking so much water and I'm uncomfortable. For at least 20 to 30 minutes. Wow. So I could be a medical marvel. The only thing I would offer as a counterpoint to all this is that I do think you should be peeing more often. Yeah, but then since I've been drinking more water because of my planner, I've been peeing more.

1:47:21Yeah, and you're going to be less likely to get a UTI. Well, that's why I was doing it because I was like, I think I'm getting an infection, so I need to pee. I think there is a baseline of what we would say is healthy amount of urination. How many pees do you think of it? to a hospital, they do ask, when's the last time you pee? Like, peeing is a big marker of your health. I pee at least once a day. Oh, boy. I pee three times that in just the night while I'm sleeping. I know. Well, now you get it in your head, and then now I wake up at night, and I'm like, I got to pee, and then I don't, but I make myself.

1:47:54Okay, how many pees a day is normal? Okay, six to eight times for adults. Yeah, you're way under that. Okay, but it says about four to ten times can be considered healthy. Does it say one in there at all? No, I don't do one. I at least do two because I pee first thing in the morning and I definitely pee at night. And I normally pee at least once during the day. Three times. Can you find three on that chart? But I probably pee four times a day. Let's see. Today I just peed. Congrats. But by the way, this is new. You and I have worked together for almost eight years now. In seven and a half of those years, you did not pee at all during the day.

1:48:36Yeah. Well. True. Maybe. I only peed once on set when I was on set that day. Yeah. And I was there 13 hours. Yeah, like I'm going to Disneyland this weekend. Uh-huh. And what will happen to me is I will make it the first couple hours of the day without having to go to the bathroom. Yeah. And then it will get progressively crazier. Well, I will be peeing every hour. Like when we see a bathroom, I know I need to stop in there. That's why you broke the seal. I never break the seal. Yeah. Yeah. You like it. I think I like it minus the occasional infection. Sure, sure, sure. Now, when I'm driving, I can alter that a bit when I'm driving.

1:49:21See, I think that's what's interesting. But I also pee in cups while I drive, as you know. Right. But not every, you don't pee like eight times in a cup. When I'm driving for 16 hours straight, which I do often, I will make it the first like seven hours without peeing. But by the time I pee, I'm in trouble. And I've been wanting to pee for a couple hours, but I've been ignoring it. And then, yeah, and then again, like everything else, it starts. Then I'll pee three hours later, and then I'll have to pee an hour and a half later. Right, you broke the seal. Yeah. So now my theory is peeing is mental.

1:49:57I feel like, like mental, a mental game. We probably only need to pee three to four times. Well, I think you just read six times. It says the normal number of times. That's like average. That doesn't mean that's what we have to do. No. That's what people do. I think it's brain power. Mind over matter? Yeah, it's mind over matter. Mind over bladder? Yeah. Yeah. It's mind over bladder. Mind over bladder. um and a lot of physicians will warn about holding pee it can get yeah i'm gonna get in trouble for this because it isn't it's like you know it's not great advice to drink less water and pee less my mom's always she's so worried about my pee because she thinks about it all the time she does i bet a few times a day she thinks about your pee yeah because it's weird it's god i feel bad for her you know when we were in india when i was four i had this like horrible bladder infection.

1:50:55Because you didn't want to use any of the bathrooms. I don't know why. Yeah, probably. That's what you told me. Yeah, probably. Or like I was scared. I was in a new place. I didn't want to leave my mom. So then I got this horrible - You look like everyone. You could get mixed up. Stolen. First time you didn't stand out. Kidnapping. Yeah. And I already had a fear of that, as we know. So then, you know, they were like force making me drink coconut water from the coconut. Oh, cool. Nature's hydrator. Sounds cool now. It wasn't cool that I hated it. I just think it's cool that nature was— Provided.

1:51:30Provided. Yeah, me too. Also, it is cool now. I would love to drink that. Yeah, they say it's very hydrating, coconut water. Well, that's what they were trying to force me. And I was like, no. You know, I was so— Stubborn. I was so stubborn. And my poor mom is just like trying to cure my infection. I feel bad. I'm not going to tell her. You're not going to apologize? No. Okay. I hope this gets back to her. Moms have that tough. I call my mom probably once every eight months. To apologize. And apologize for something that I'm now dealing with with my own kids. Yeah. Well, your mom— I mean, that spring break was the— That was the biggest wake-up call of my life.

1:52:10It was like— Oh, when you took them on your own. Yeah. And I was like, they were fighting the whole time. I was like, God, man, she had a third one in the mix that was fighting. And she couldn't afford the vacation we were on. Yeah, it's a lot. She handled the stress. That's a lot. And my brother and I fist fought. Like, the fights were, you know, they were scary probably. Yeah. I mean, we'd be in the backseat. Like, there's two lions in the backseat going at it, you know. Seatbelts off, wrestling around. And she's trying to, like, read a map. Oh, yeah, exactly. And doesn't have any gas in the car.

1:52:43Running on fumes. Running on fumes. Ugh, yeah, that's hard. God bless moms. Nurses and moms, this fact check was. I like that. Brought to you by nurses and moms. Okay, let's do some facts. Stay tuned for more Armchair Expert, if you dare.

1:53:11Claudia. I say Claudia because we have a friend named Claudia and it's more fun to say it that way. And I feel like that's the German way to say it. Claudia. Yeah. I say Claudia. Yeah, I think Claudia would prefer you. I agree because I think that's how you say it. And you probably say Roe, but I say Roe-ee. Oh, wow. I say Claudia Roe-ee. Yeah. But it's really Claudia Roe. It is. Yeah. It is, in fact. First fact. I loved this episode. Yeah, I've been repeating. For me, the most salient point that was made in the entire thing is that poverty looks a lot like neglect. Exactly. Fuck. Exactly. Exactly.

1:53:53And the real statistics about taking kids from their parents, even if their parents aren't what you think are fit or because I could I could see myself have having definitely thought that for a long time. Like, well, they just but they they aren't fit to take care of that. They're hungry sometimes. Exactly. or they're not good parents or what, what are, and like, doesn't matter. The other option is worse. The other option is worse. Yeah. And it's, yeah, that really struck me. And now I've been very aware of like when I hear about the system or also when I look around at all these unhoused people and I just think like they're all from it.

1:54:35I even observed something this morning, weirdly, that made me think of it as I was walking delved into school and then there was a kid dressed in their pajamas and uh they do have pajama days some days right yeah but no one else was in pajamas and then this teacher was asking the student and then i just had again this thought like fuck man maybe she didn't have someone that got her helped her get dressed yeah and i don't know that that's the scenario maybe she thought it was pajama day or maybe she just wanted to wear a pajama but the teacher was concerned right And then I was a little bit like, that's how this ball gets rolling.

1:55:12I know. And it's well-intentioned, but also. But bad. It's not necessarily, the outcome is not better. It's really, it's very hard to like. To accept. Yeah. Because I understand the impulse. Like, well, we got to get this kid in a situation. They can't be living in a house where they don't have clothes and stuff. But they really can't be living in a house where they don't have parents. or someone that loves them or knows them. Right. You got to go like, oh, shit. They clearly haven't bathed in a long time and they're in the same clothes six days in a row. That's troubling, but probably not as troubling as sending them to prison, which they'll have a 65 % chance of happening.

1:55:55Well, that's the other. Now I've been so, I'm like so angry about when a kid is removed from their family, I'm like, you ruined it. immediately you ruined it. Yeah, yeah. And you started this cycle and now that kid is traumatized and probably will do something that confirms that you think this system is bad. Yeah. And it's like, don't do that. And then look, there's going to be some percentage that are getting sexually abused and physically abused and they can't be there. Of course. And then in that case, it's like, we need a great place for those kids to go. We have to. And even the thing about, like, which is a fact about kinship care, like, that has to be the first resort.

1:56:43I mean, you could build that Hogwarts. I mean, I can't afford to build a Hogwarts, but I could probably, yes, help get a Hogwarts built. I'll teach there. I'll teach dark arts. Yeah, and then I'll sign. Like, it'll probably be hard at first to get good teachers. so I can do multiple subjects. Okay. So I'll do dark arts and then I will do transfiguration. Okay. That's exciting. Okay. I'm not interested in teaching herbology, so don't ask me to do that. I won't. Okay. I'm going to teach mischief. Yeah, sure. Sure. Dark arts is... There's a right dosage of mischief that everyone should have in their life.

1:57:28I understand. Anywho. Okay, let's see. So, oh, how many students in Beddington College where she went? She said it was so small. About a thousand total students. 700 to 800 undergraduates and a smaller graduate population. So very small. Trinity High School where she went. And she was like alluding to the fact that it's fancy. Okay. Which wasn't for her. I looked up prestigious schools in New York City. But top contenders consistently mentioned for academic rigor, history, and elite college placement ivy league plus include horace man school brearley school which is girls trinity school okay dalton school collegiate school boys they sound fancy they really do yeah they deliver spent school girls and chapin i'm probably saying that wrong because i didn't go to any of these yeah uh school girls that's the first test to admit you to the school how do you pronounce this Anywho, so tuition for Trinity School.

1:58:29Hit me. $70 ,000. $70 ,000. Hello. What grades does it go from? That's so much. Do we know? Is it just high school or is it? That's a good question. Six through 12. I want to do some fast math. With figures. Figures. Figures. Let's see. Trinity School. Frick or frack. Do you remember in Christmas Story, the movie with Ralphie? K through 12. K through 12. So 13 times 70 would be$910 ,000 to get through there. Maybe kindergarten stuff's cheaper. I doubt it. I don't know. What were you saying about Christmas? Christmas story. Ralphie's father, he's always fighting the furnace. Downstairs, he's like, my dad stringed together.

1:59:22or he meld together a string of swear words, whatever. Yeah, yeah, yeah. That is me in this door. Oh, what's happening? My front door. I think I already told you that I took it apart. I was gliding on a cloud for two days. Right. Because I had packed this hole that I thought was going to, and it worked for two days. And then today I noticed it wasn't working again. Okay. And I was like, you motherfucking back scratching dirty. Oh, you became him. Two-bit rat soup-eating motherfucker. Oh. And I got the Dremel out today. Okay. And I cut pieces of the hardware out. Oh, boy. Okay. And it's working incredibly now.

2:00:00Okay. But my ongoing battle with this door is biblical. Now, are you a little bit? Like, I kind of want to just prep you, like, David Fagenbaum, who we had on, you know, and he cured his own disease. Oh, yeah? But, you know, he kept thinking he cured the disease and we were going to celebrate. And then the disease came back. Yeah, that's right. Well, that's what stage I was at this morning. But I'm worried. But today I cured it. You sure? Yeah, because I removed the offensive piece that was getting bound up. And I really studied it for a long time. If that's out of there, is it not going to function?

2:00:35And I did a lot of different little tests. I'm like, I think it will work just fine without that piece. And then I cut it out and it fucking works great now. Okay. I'm happy for you. That's good. That feels good. Oh, okay. So she mentioned, she said the Tawana Brawley story and asked us if we knew about it and we didn't. So I looked it up. An African-American woman from New York who gained notoriety in 87. recently new to this world. at age 15 when it was alleged she falsely accused four white men of kidnapping and raping her over a four day period. At the end of November of that year, Brawley was found in a trash bag after having been missing for four days from her home in New York.

2:01:22This is god awful. She had racial slurs written on her body and was covered in feces. Oh, fuck dude. The feces came from a collie owned by a resident of the building where Brawley was found. Brawley accused four men of having raped her. I do think I've seen a doc about this now. That trash bag part feels familiar. Oh, God. Um, yeah. The savagery that humans are capable of at times. Really. Isn't it shocking? Unimaginable, yeah. It's jarring, yeah. It is jarring, like when we had Elizabeth Smart on. It was interesting talking to her because I think I... And I think this is to, to, for me to feel better about living in this world.

2:02:10I chalk everything up to just like mental health issues. I'm just like that person's sick. Yeah. Right. And I can live in a world where people are sick and do horrible things, but I, it's like very, um, strict. Yeah, like it makes it hard for me to like breathe thinking that that's not the case, that they just are doing it. Normal people. Yeah. Well, yeah, I mean, you look at historically how many times mass amounts of people have participated in some pretty vile stuff and you get into the power of your tribe, you know? Yeah. And I mean, I guess this whole episode spoke to a lot of this, like the people she met in these prisons who've done horrible, horrible things and they are products of their environment.

2:03:10Okay. Oh, what states have adopted kinship care? All U.S. states have adopted kinship care to some degree with many actively expanding programs, especially since the Family First Act encouraged prioritizing relatives for children in foster care with specific states like Michigan. Ding, ding, ding. We like that. Kansas, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Colorado, Delaware, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Louisiana, Oregon, South Dakota, Tennessee and Washington. implementing distinct licensing standards for kin caregivers to access federal funds. I'm not seeing California on there, which I don't like. Okay.

2:03:52Get Newsome on the horn. Exactly. That's, oh, I thought I had more. That was it. That was it. Claudia Rowe came with the flax. flax yeah the whole thing is you know it uh i get so frustrated when we treat symptoms and not i know diseases and we don't do anything up river i know and we all know but we know so why because they won't fund it and they think it's fiscally responsible but it's not it's fiscally irresponsible the homeless crisis is so expensive the prison system's so expensive the state-run rehabs are so expensive the theft and loss of property all of it is like it's so expensive i know and they think it could not cost more than hogwarts no hogwarts in every city charge a fair amount of money as a teacher.

2:04:51Oh, geez, Monica. No, no, no, no, no, no, no. You're not allowed to. It's just like a skill I have. No, no, no. I don't think any of those teachers were getting paid at Hogwarts. Yes, they were. They were in great robes. They'll supply all kinds of great stuff because you're supposed to be living a very fun, you're eating great food. You've seen the meals at Hogwarts, floating turkeys. They just fill up automatically. Oh, I can't wait. Okay, fine. I'll only charge like 75%. I'm just kidding. I'll obviously do it for free. Pro bono. Yes, I'm doing that pro bono. Dark arts. Ooh, that could get a little dicey though if I'm doing it for free because then I might get really dark and I'll lose track of myself.

2:05:35When you're a wizard, you don't need money. I know. I don't really understand money because some are poorer than others, so I don't really get that. I don't either. Just make money. Obviously, they got all these skills turned lead into gold. But they have the bank. They have Gringotts. Yeah, they have their own currency, right? Yeah, Gringotts. Okay. I want to live there so bad. I wish that for you. I know. I want a time machine and you want Hogwarts. I do. God, would I zip around in my time machine? You think I'd be a good wizard? I want to know what you think. That's like asking, do you like this dress?

2:06:10This is a question that can't be answered, right? I want honesty. I don't want to answer. Why don't you think I'd be a good wizard? I didn't say you wouldn't be a good wizard, but this is just right for. Listen, we know if you thought I'd be a good wizard, you'd say yes. I've never even thought about it. I know I'm asking you to think about it. If my answer was bad witch, then that's not going to work out. Bad witch? Whatever you're asking. Like if my answer were dark arts or whatever you're asking. Oh, no. What did you just ask? Oh, oh, oh, okay. You took it as would I be a good wizard or a bad wizard?

2:06:45That's right. Like morally. Yes. But I was asking, do you think I would make a good wizard? Oh, yes. Great. Absolutely. But now. No, I don't even want to. Oh, no. You think I'd be an evil one? Oh, my God. No. It's okay to think that. What I immediately thought is as I was evaluating, I was like, well, this is already an errand I don't want to be on because if I conclude you'd be a naughty witch, I don't want to say that and then have you be upset. and so I immediately recused myself from the question. I know, but I just, it's, we like to talk here about fun stuff and thought experiments. Well, fun stuff is stuff where people's feelings don't get hurt.

2:07:24I'm not gonna get my feelings hurt. I just wanna know why I'd be in bad wizard. I don't think you would be a bad wizard. But you think I'd have some things that were bad. I'm not thinking at all about your wizard. No, I'm not going to. Okay, well now you have hurt my feelings He says you won't answer. This is a no win. Even in not participating, it was a loss. Well, like, yeah, you didn't, yes, and. It's okay if you think I'm naughty. I just want to know why. I don't think anything about what kind of wizard you would be. I don't even understand what makes a good or bad wizard. Some of the characters are likable that were bad, right?

2:08:06Well, some turn out to be good, but they weren't nice. Okay. But they did the right thing at the end. But like Slytherin, on the surface, I'm like, oh, yeah, to say someone would be in Slytherin is an insult. But that's not true, right? To be Slytherin is fine. Well, there's, okay, some people think that there's good and bad in all of the houses. Yeah. Okay. And. It sounds consistent with what we know about humans. Right. But there are traits and tropes, you know. and look there's a lot of people who are diagnosed Slytherin and they like mostly they all love that they're taking so much pride exactly and Erica too she says she's a Slytherin she's really proud of it and I don't like that because I'm like guys it's like so eye rolly to like like being bad see so this is kind of My point is that I know how much it all means to you.

2:09:11So I don't want to tiptoe in and accidentally trigger something that like I wouldn't even think would be a thing. I'm letting, I'm telling you now it won't. I'm letting you, I'm giving you permission to be your free self. I'm giving you permission. Do you think I'm a Hufflepuff? It's okay if you do. What do you want to be? No, we're not doing that. You're a Grizendorf. No, we're not doing that. Griswold. Okay. I love you. I love you This is probably why I'm a muggle It's like somebody didn't want to make the decision So they just Let's just make her a muggle And even like muggle That means a lot to you Yeah because that's a non-magic girl Okay

2:10:08Thank you.