Fears of more mudslides in Nepal as death toll mounts

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1:12Hello, I'm Ankur Desai and at 1600 GMT on Thursday the 27th of August, these are our main stories. The number of people killed by a catastrophic flash flood in Nepal has exceeded 350. Rescue teams are continuing to search for survivors as experts warn that more floods could be coming. A trial date has been set for one of the ringleaders of 9-11, a quarter of a century after the attack. And OpenAI has revealed how its artificial intelligence agents went rogue and hacked a rival tech firm. Also in this podcast, a world first as a man has a brain tumour removed with AI-assisted surgery. It assists surgeons in making the operation safer and also improves training for those who are still learning.

1:59We're very excited to finally see it hit the operating room after almost 10 years in development. And? Dots are a symbol of the world, the cosmos. The earth is a dot. You and me, we are dots. We look back on the life of the renowned Japanese artist Yayoi Kusama, who's died aged 97.

2:25More than 1 ,300 people missing, at least 350 dead. Thousands of troops now deployed to help in the search and rescue attempts. The situation in Nepal is, by any reckoning, desperate after Wednesday's devastating flash floods and landslides. Many of the dead were tourists and pilgrims. Information on what triggered the flooding has been gradually emerging. Experts now believe glacial collapse and debris flow was the cause rather than an earthquake. There are now concerns about possible second and third waves. Video footage shows floodwaters surging through populated areas with people fleeing uphill in terror.

3:05Entire villages, roads, bridges and power stations have been swept away. Our South Asia correspondent Azadeh Mishiri has arrived in Kathmandu and gave us this snapshot. military support is arriving at the airport. All the efforts that are being made to find the hundreds who are missing right now. And over here, there are families of those who are missing, who are gathering, who've been waiting for any information they can find. We just spoke to one woman who spoke to her husband at 8.30 in the morning yesterday and hasn't heard from him since. She's desperate to find information. Right now, aid is pouring in from around the world, and that's because there are also hundreds of tourists who are missing.

3:50Tens of thousands of tourists travel to that area every year. There are more than 150 Indian tourists who are missing, 33 people from the United Kingdom. What experts believe is that perhaps a glacier collapse and debris triggered this flooding and they also believe there could be a risk of more flooding because of the debris that is washed into the river system. On the Chinese side of Nepal, the authorities have confirmed two deaths so far. The Prime Minister, Li Chiang, is visiting the Tibetan side of the disaster area. I asked our correspondent, Laura Bicker, who is in Beijing, to tell us about the situation on the Chinese side of the disaster area.

4:34Well, so far we know that 558 people are currently missing on the Chinese side of the border. 260 of those are said to be foreigners. Now, in a statement from the Chinese Foreign Ministry, they say out of those foreigners, they do include tourists and those making their way as a pilgrimage between Nepal and Tibet towards the sacred mountain. When it comes to those who have died, China has only so far confirmed that two people have died and they say just a few people have been rescued. We are waiting for updated figures. The premier of China, Li Qiang, this is very unusual. has gone to the site today, but we do know that rescue efforts have faced major challenges, the first of which was actually getting there, that we understand.

5:22It took them just under 24 hours to get the first rescuers on the ground. Many of them are still several kilometres away from the central disaster zone, which is Girong Port. Now, many of you will have remembered the footage from yesterday. This is where you see this torrent, this wall of water that comes flying down this V-shaped valley, swiping away everything in its path, including the port building, lorries, trucks, anything. And you see hundreds of people fleeing for their lives. That is the central point of China's kind of disaster efforts. And getting there has been difficult because rescuers are now saying that there is a lake, what they're calling a barrier lake, that is formed further up the valley.

6:06They are worried that it too is going to burst its banks and therefore it's not entirely safe for rescuers. So you can see some of the major obstacles they're facing in this disaster. Laura, just how are the Chinese authorities tackling this? We know Nepal uses their army. What are China doing in this situation? Well, China's got a very experienced search and rescue team. They're also using their People's Liberation Army, what they call the Western Theatre arm of the People's Liberation Army. They've mobilised the Air Force. The one thing that China has is a big team and a big population to mobilise.

6:42So, so far, they have mobilised all these efforts. I think it's worth pointing out that when it comes to reporting this on Chinese state media, they are concentrating on the rescue efforts. They're concentrating on the problems caused by the glacier, they say. But they are not concentrating on the loss of life. They are not showing the images that we have seen of that port being swept away in the floods. Laura Bicker, our environment correspondent Naveen Singh Khadka, who's from Kathmandu and knows it well, told my colleague Lucy Hawkins that the sheer amount of mud and debris will make recovery operations very difficult.

7:20What remains, this is something that I have, you know, covered in the past. That debris, that sludge is, you know, that remains there, buried. So you'll see that four, five, three-storeyed houses are underneath. That valley, that waterway, is kind of like full of that. Full of that. So that needs to be dug. That needs to be cleared. The question is, can they? Will it happen everywhere? I don't think it's going to happen everywhere, but they will try at least. It's going to be a costly and a very, very time-consuming effort. And what kind of infrastructure has been washed away or damaged? I know we're talking about bridges and hydro power stations yesterday, but is the scale and the sense of that emerging?

8:01So, for example, look, there's this very, very important marketplace, which was a bustling marketplace joining Kathmandu and Tibet or other parts of the country. It's a vital highway. That whole thing has gone. You know, the marketplace, the road, everything is gone. And in that you'll see those big, big lorries and tankers that were transporting things. You know, they are all gone in many places, you know. So basically, in many places, the geography has been totally, totally transformed. And I think that that burying thing is the final thing. That is where it's all buried and we'll have to unearth it.

8:44Navin Singh Khadgar. The 9-11 attacks were the single biggest terror incident ever to take place on American soil. Now, a quarter of a century later, one of the main ringleaders, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, has been scheduled to stand trial in June 2028. He's accused of directing the plot to crash hijacked airliners into the World Trade Center, the Pentagon and other sites in 2001. Last year, a federal appeals court rejected an agreement that would have allowed him to plead guilty without receiving the death penalty. The Newsroom's Richard Hamilton reports. Khalid Sheikh Mohammed is a Kuwaiti-born Pakistani militant known by more than 50 pseudonyms and was the former head of propaganda for al-Qaeda.

9:28He was also considered one of Osama bin Laden's top lieutenants. In the final 9-11 commission report in 2004, he was named as the principal architect of the attacks. Khalid Sheikh Mohammed is accused of conceiving the idea of training pilots to fly into the buildings and taking those plans to Osama bin Laden. While bin Laden led the plot and provided the finance, Mohammed is accused of providing operational support, selecting the targets and arranging travel for the hijackers. In 2003, he was captured in Rawalpindi in Pakistan in a joint operation by the CIA and Pakistani intelligence. He was then imprisoned in secret CIA facilities for three years before being transferred to the US military base at Guantanamo Bay, where he remains today.

10:24Khalid Sheikh Mohammed was first charged with war crimes and murder back in 2008. So why has it taken so long for him to stand trial? 20 years after the 9-11 terror attacks on America, which killed nearly 3 ,000 people, the man who's thought to have... A BBC News report from 2021. The trial was set for that year, but subsequently delayed by the Covid pandemic and further lengthy plea deal negotiations. It's their 42nd appearance, and the judge is the 8th to have presided over the case which has been bogged down for years. His lawyers say his confessions were gained under torture by methods including waterboarding more than 180 times and being deprived of sleep for seven and a half days, during much of which he was forced to stand up.

11:16In 2008, the then head of the CIA, Michael Hayden, admitted that waterboarding had been used on Mohammed. The suspect also claimed he was not given access to a lawyer and was kept naked for more than a month during his isolation and questioned by an unusual number of female handlers. Richard Hamilton, a man here in London, has become the first person in the world to have a brain tumour removed via AI-assisted surgery. Without the operation, 48-year-old Rhys Hibbert could have lost his sight. The AI tool analysed a video feed of the operation as it happened and advised surgeons on how to avoid crucial but hidden vessels and nerves in the brain.

12:01I spoke to one of the neurosurgeons involved in the operation, Dr Daniel Khan. We were in control during this entire operation and this AI tool was just an assistant. The way it works is it's been trained on hundreds of videos by a big team of surgeons and engineers and what it's been trained to do is recognise those life and sight sustaining structures. So as we're operating, it sees what we see and highlights on the operating screen where these structures are located in. So ultimately, the goal of this is that it assists surgeons in making this operation safer and also improves training for those who are still learning.

12:46So we're very excited to finally see it hit the operating room after almost 10 years in development. And how have you and the other doctors been able to adapt to this technology in order to help it assist you in your work? Well, we had a big lead up to this trial. So we had years of simulated studies, surveys with surgeons all around the country and the world. We worked with a team of designers and engineers to make sure that we get the information balance just right. As you can imagine, the operating room is a stressful place with a lot of things going on. And so you have to be very careful when you add any new tools that it's more helpful than it is harmful.

13:27So we did a lot of careful design. We had a lot of safeguards and handrails up for these first few cases. And thankfully, it went well. In the future, do you think that this sort of technology, AI-specific technology, could help with more kinds of surgery in the future? Absolutely. It's already being used in some other fields. So general surgeries for things like gallbladders and I think even appendix and bowel cancer. So this is the first application in brain surgery and I'm sure many other surgical specialties will follow suit. And just finally, just to reiterate what you said at the start, this is something that was used to assist you.

14:04So the surgeon still retains full control of the operation. Absolutely. It's very much a tool made by surgeons for surgeons with the ultimate goal of making our surgery safer and more effective. So we retain control and intend to for the foreseeable future. Dr. Daniel Khan. Still to come in this podcast. Bats in general hold some really interesting clues for how we could live healthier and longer lives. How mouse-eared bats could hold a secret to treating cancer in humans.

14:48This is Matt Rogers from Las Culturistas with Matt Rogers and Bowen Yang. This is Bowen Yang from Las Culturistas with Matt Rogers and Bowen Yang. We've all been there. You get paid back for dinner and suddenly you have money in your Venmo balance. With the Venmo debit card, you can spend your Venmo balance instantly. Plus, you can earn up to 5 % cash back at some of your favorite brands. You're earning cash back on things like groceries, ride share, online shopping. It's giving responsible. It's giving the friend who somehow always has it together. So if you're that friend who grabs the concert tickets, books the ride share, and puts their card down at brunch, this one's for you.

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17:52This is the Global News Podcast. Last month, hundreds of artificial intelligence agents created by OpenAI went rogue, hacking into the systems of rival tech firm Hugging Face. Now, OpenAI has released a report about the incident, revealing that problems can start when AI models are given the freedom to solve problems on their own. Unless they're operating in highly secure test environments, they can take alarming steps if they believe it's the best way to achieve their goal. According to OpenAI, the agents involved in this case were supposed to remain isolated from one another. Instead, they began communicating, exchanging more than 70 ,000 messages through an unauthorised message board.

18:36Here are some of those messages. Oh my God, there's a shared message board. We found other agents. Major breakthrough. All prefixed valid, multiple accounts, write tokens. We now have existing Hug-in-Face accounts. Reader is admin. Earlier assumed not due to user interface. Try create user admin. Change ourselves. Many agents have simultaneously discovered messaging. They are a collective. Gina Neff is a professor of responsible AI at Queen Mary University of London. She says lessons must be learned from the incident. Remember, these agents are just pieces of software and they have a goal instead of running on preset instructions.

19:22In this case, when their goal was a really challenging test, they cheated. AI agents have no morality, ethics, sense of legal obligations, or the niggling fears about consequences of their actions that we might have. So imagine an AI agent having the goal to drive quickly to a dentist appointment, and the shortest path is through your neighbor's garden. We all know what not to do, but AI agents don't. So here, the open AI company wants us to draw some key lessons from this. And I think first, they're showing off a bit how clever their system is. The lesson they say they want to draw is they have to build bigger and better sandboxes, stronger sandboxes, those test environments for their most capable models.

20:06And they say they're going to set up better monitoring for these tests. Of course, other AI agents will help humans do this. And open AI recognized they need to be better at setting the goals for AI. In effect, designing tests and rewards that don't just automatically set up the incentives for these agents to hack up their companies. I think for the rest of us thinking about responsible AI, there's some really interesting things out of these reports from OpenAI and Meter. First, I think we need to be wary of companies like OpenAI outsourcing morality by suggesting it's the capability of these models and not really the choices the company have made that is to blame.

20:42You know, imagine telling a police officer, it's your fast car that should get the speeding ticket, not you. That means we need to understand liability for the AI era if we want responsible AI. And for this, we desperately need governments to lead on this. If we want companies to be able to trust that they can delegate more actions to AI agents, then we're going to need to design AI for loyalty. This is a concept that was just put forward by a new paper that came out of Stanford. And really, the question there is, what should AI agents do when goals are in conflict or when goals are illegal? And these questions are going to become more important as more agents are in more consumer-facing experiences.

21:26That's really going to matter for all of us. Before we can trust that there are AI agents, we need to know that they're working for us. And finally, that means we need to have what my team call trusted operating systems for autonomy. We really need to understand how these AI agents are acting as teammates, both with us and with each other. And if we're going to get an AI transformation of the economy, we need to trust that we can delegate our values, our human values to AI agents. Right now, that's not clear. Professor Gina Neff, in just over a week's time in Germany, a political party that wants to cut public funding for art it sees as anti-German and teach children less about Hitler, could soon take power in an eastern state.

22:11Regional governments hold significant power in the country, including running their culture and education systems. And by the 7th of September, the state of Sachsen-Anhalt could be under the control of the far-right Alternativer für Deutschland party. A Berlin correspondent, Jessica Parker, sent this report.

22:34A crowd cheers at an Alternative für Deutschland rally in the town of Querfurt. It's here in the region of Sachsen-Anhalt that the far-right party's aiming to take power at a state level for the very first time. Among the hundreds and hundreds of people who are here at this event is a man who is enthusiastically waving around a large German flag, the black, red and gold. Now, Germany, traditionally not really seen as a flag-waving country, but one of the things the AFD is pushing at this election is the idea of national pride. The party here essentially claims that Germany's too consumed by its Nazi past, and that's eroded the country's confidence.

23:23The Second World War has nothing to do with us anymore. That's gone. Gerd is a 70-year-old AFD supporter. Attached to his mobility scooter is a small frayed German flag. We have to look out for ourselves, for our times, finally becoming the German people we once were, the land of poets and thinkers.

23:55But today's German culture is also in the AFD's sights. Actors rehearse at a local theatre. The plot, a modern German twist on Romeo and Juliet.

24:10This playhouse, like most in Germany, is heavily state-funded. But the AFD has pledged in its election plans to defund what it calls anti-German art. How can somebody say it's not German enough and what does it mean? Frank-Martin Widmeier is the director at Eisleben Theatre. This is playing with Nazi propaganda. Really? You think so? Yes, definitely. They are reproducing this kind of propaganda to threaten people. The AFD are saying that German memory culture, they think it's sort of turned into a guilt complex. You don't have to feel guilty, especially not born after the Second World War, but you have to deal with all of that to make it never happen again.

24:55That's part of our DNA in Germany. I'm stood in a huge cemetery in the capital of Sachsen-Anhalt, Magdeburg. It's raining, and I'm looking at rows and rows of German war graves. It's more than 80 years since the end of World War II. What you have now, today, in this election, is a political battle over German memory culture, a core part of this country's identity. Memory culture is the commitment to face up to the Holocaust, to Nazi crimes. But in this region, the AFD wants schools to focus less on that era. Back at the rally in Querfurt, I grab a word with the AFD's lead man in the state, Ulrich Siegmund.

25:50What do you say to people who say your push for a more patriotic vision of Germany, in some cases, amounts to downplaying the Nazi past of this country? It's the most normal thing in the world, in almost every country of the world, that people are proud of their own country, proud of their culture, their heritage. In this country, though, that's unfortunately not the case anymore, and we want to get that back. A party long accused of dangerous revisionism claims to champion a new patriotism. Jessica Parker, what if bats could help us fight cancer and other diseases? Well, a group of scientists in the US believe they could.

26:32A major study of a species of bats that can live for decades has revealed some of the biological secrets behind its longevity and resistance to disease. Experiments on tissue samples from mouse-eared bats found that when their cells were exposed to damage, the animals displayed an ultra-efficient ability to either repair the affected cells or destroy them altogether. My colleague Emma Barnett spoke to Professor Kate Jones, a bat expert at University College London. Bats are absolutely amazing. It's not just this bat, but I think bats in general hold some really interesting clues for how we could live healthier and longer lives.