Trump sends 'border czar' to lead ICE in Minneapolis

0:00This BBC podcast is supported by ads outside the UK. If journalism is the first draft of history, what happens if that draft is flawed? In 1999, four Russian apartment buildings were bombed, hundreds killed. But even now, we still don't know for sure who did it. It's a mystery that sparked chilling theories. I'm Helena Merriman, and in a new BBC series, I'm talking to the reporters who first covered this story. What did they miss the first time? The History Bureau, Putin and the apartment bombs. Listen on BBC.com or wherever you get your podcasts. This is the Global News Podcast from the BBC World Service.

0:48I'm Charlotte Gallagher, and in the early hours of Tuesday, the 27th of January, these are our main stories. I cannot sit idly by while our country changes from what it was, a democracy, into an authoritarianism, fascist government. As protests continue in Minneapolis, Donald Trump shakes up his much-criticised immigration enforcement team. We'll get the latest from the city. The body of the last Israeli hostage is returned from Gaza. What does that mean for the peace plan? Also in this podcast, it's one of the biggest unknowns in astronomy, but scientists believe they've now mapped dark matter.

1:30It pulls things around that we can see. It pulls stars and galaxies and rays of light. It pulls everything around and moves things that we can see. And that's how we know where the dark matter is. And have they also cracked the mysterious ways of magic mushrooms?

1:50After days of mounting anger in Minneapolis over the killing of another US citizen by federal officials, there are now signs that the White House may be changing its tone in the wake of sentiments like these from protesters in the city. It's disgraceful. They shouldn't be murdering people. Alex did nothing wrong. Neither did Renee Goode. I cannot sit idly by while our country changes from what it was, a democracy, into an authoritarianism, fascist government. Our government and the Department of Homeland Security is nonsense and it is being run by the biggest idiots I've ever seen. Despite the anger, the White House press secretary, Caroline Levitt, in her briefing to reporters, placed the blame of Alex Preti's recent killing on local politics.

2:38This tragedy occurred as a result of a deliberate and hostile resistance by Democrat leaders in Minnesota, spreading lies about federal law enforcement officers who are risking their lives daily to remove the worst criminal illegal aliens from our streets. Murderers, rapists, pedophiles, human traffickers and gang members. But under growing pressure, President Trump appears to be taking steps to de-escalate the crisis. He said he'd had a good call with the Democrat governor of Minnesota, Tim Waltz, saying he felt they were on a similar wavelength. He's also sending his border czar, Tom Homan, to Minneapolis.

3:16It comes as the city's mayor announced that some of the federal agents would start leaving the area on Tuesday, reportedly including the man who's led the immigration roundups, Greg Bovino. Our correspondent in Minneapolis, Tom Bateman, told me more. Greg Bovino, who has been very much the figurehead on the streets for the Border Patrol in many American cities, but particularly here in Minneapolis, said to be leaving the city, probably imminently, probably as soon as sometime Tuesday and other agents around him. Now, it had been reported that he was being relieved of his duty. That was the line that was circulating, although the Department of Homeland Security has now said that that particular description is not accurate.

4:02But certainly if he is to leave in the next 24 hours or so, I think that is going to be perceived by both the protesters and the Democrat leadership here is something of a victory, but still really falling short of their full demand, the protesters at least, which was for all of the federal immigration authorities to leave the city. And it comes as, you know, you've been suggesting amid a change of tone by the White House, feeling a bit more conciliatory over this very, very big standoff between the Democrat led states and the White House itself. Are you surprised, Tom, by the shift in tone? Because often from the White House and people associated with the Trump administration, we hear a lot of deny and attack.

4:43But it seems very different at the moment. Well, I think the biggest driver of that is the opinion polling. And, you know, Donald Trump is highly attuned to what his base is thinking and feeling. And he has been losing ground quite significantly, actually, on the issue of his handling of immigration, which, of course, was a core election pledged by him to close the southern border, which has effectively been done, at least an undocumented migration, illegal migration across that border. I think, you know, what you're seeing in the polling is that a significant chunk, still a minority, but a significant part of the Republican base is really uncomfortable about the kind of images they've been seeing of these sort of highly aggressive tactics of removing migrants from American cities.

5:31And then you had the deaths of two Americans at the hands of federal agents within the space of three weeks. And so those opinion poll numbers have been suffering. And I think that is probably the key explanation as to why you're now seeing the White House both appear to back down somewhat in terms of the policy personnel and its language, and also potentially sidelining some of the more hardline figures when it comes to immigration in the command structure. That was Tom Bateman in Minneapolis. Gil Kerlikowski has spent decades in American law enforcement, including as Commissioner of US Customs and Border Protection.

6:08That agency is in charge of Border Patrol and is working alongside ICE in Minneapolis. My colleague James Kumrasamy asked him what he thought had gone wrong there. The Border Patrol is called the Border Patrol because they work on the border. They work in rural areas. They often work by themselves. They don't work in cities and regardless of what someone may say, they are not trained or experienced or knowledgeable to work in urban environments. And so using them, it's clearly the wrong tool for what they've been trying to accomplish. We know in this latest incident that the man who was shot dead did have a weapon with him.

6:48And in normal circumstances, when Border Patrol officials come across someone with a weapon, what are the normal circumstances in which that would happen? The normal circumstances are if that person surrenders or has a weapon and doesn't use it to threaten the Border Patrol agents, they make the arrest and they disarm the person or they tell that person to drop the weapon. This one is a little bit unclear because there is an agent that has the weapon in his hand after apparently disarming Alex, but almost immediately the other shots are fired. So it leaves a lot of questions, and I think it's left a lot of people concerned in this country that two white American citizens, one a mother and a poet, the other a nurse at the Veterans Administration, are shot and killed by federal agents.

7:42Do you think the fact that they were white has made a difference then, has made this cut through in a way, if they had been, of other races, wouldn't? Well, we know that violence in the United States can be very much based on race. There are more black victims than white. And so the fact that these people are attractive to the general public makes suddenly people say, gosh, maybe this is something that could happen to me. Whereas they don't always think that way when it is in an area that may be a lower economic or more racially diverse area. What's at stake here? Well, it's the trust of the community to law enforcement, and that makes all of us safer.

8:30Since the murder of George Floyd, law enforcement worked really hard to regain trust that had been lost. They did very well until 2025, where it took a nosedive again. And I blame that solely on the actions of immigration and customs enforcement. That was Gil Kerlikowski. For more on one of today's big stories, you can go on YouTube, search for BBC News, click on the logo, then choose podcasts and Global News Podcast. There's a new story available every weekday. The worst of the winter storm in North America looks to be over as it moves into the Atlantic, but its effects are still being felt, especially in much of the southern and eastern US.

9:14The freezing temperatures have left at least 20 people dead and hundreds of thousands remain without power. Millions are being urged to stay at home, with schools closed and travel severely disrupted. Our correspondent in New York, Neda Taufik, has been following developments. Two-thirds of the eastern United States affected by this storm, the damage, you know, just extreme when you think about the sheer levels. You know, certainly here in New York, we got up to a foot of snow. You can see the ice floating in the Hudson River, just to give you a sense of the cold temperatures that have come in behind the storm.

9:49But this is a state, a city used to snow. What we're seeing in the southern United States is just more than half an inch of snow, just absolutely blanketing several states, including Mississippi, where the weight of the ice on the trees has led them to crash down. It's led to downed power lines. And it's just really to see those images is so striking in the southern United States, that deep freeze taking hold. And what it's meant is that the roadways, the black ice has trucks there in the south battling the roadways, has officials encouraging people to stay home. We have people without power, still hundreds of thousands across the United States without power.

10:38And air travel has been completely disrupted. You know, yesterday, Sunday, there was more than 11 ,000 flights that had to be grounded. That was the highest total since the pandemic. And those effects are lingering. Today, New York's airports are heavily impacted. Thousands more flights across the country have been paralyzed. And that will continue for days. But thawing out and digging out of the snow will take some time because those cold temperatures coming in are going to make it that much more treacherous. That was Nedda Taufik. Now, it may sound like a contradiction in terms, but scientists have just published the clearest map yet of dark matter.

11:19The mysterious stuff that, so the theory goes, makes up a large part of the universe but can't actually be seen. But specialist teams have now plotted where the matter is thought to be. Professor Richard Massey is co-author of the research. He spoke to my colleague Tim Franks, who asked him first if he could explain what dark matter was. Unfortunately, I can't really, because nobody knows. What we're beginning to figure out is where the dark matter is. That's the first thing you do when you explore a new landscape. When you set off, the first thing you do is you draw a map and try to look at the lie of the land, see what's over here, see what's over there, and try and find some interesting regions.

11:58where the gold nuggets might be. There's no way of detecting it directly as far as we can tell. But we can see the way it affects things that we can see. So, I mean, there's plenty of things that are invisible. If you look at the wind, you can't see the wind, but you know it's there because it's blowing the trees around. You can see the leaves falling around. Dark matter is the same way. It's really heavy and it has gravity, so it pulls things around that we can see. It pulls stars and galaxies and rays of light. It pulls everything around and moves things that we can see. And that's how we know where the dark matter is and can map it from looking at everything else.

12:32So, OK, but are you able, as a result of this mapping, do you think, to draw conclusions on how it does influence the formation of things that we do know about, things like planets and stars and galaxies and so forth? With this map, we're beginning to spot the first thing that we know that it does do in a very predictable way is it has gravity. It pulls things towards it. And as far as we can tell, and now better than ever, it behaves in exactly the same way as ordinary material does through gravity. And because of that, it has shaped the whole universe around us to make it inhabitable. I mean, when the universe started, it was this primordial soup, which everything was spread out.

13:13Fortunately, there were a few lumps of dark matter in there. And those lumps sort of congealed in this soup. And because of their gravity, they pulled in all ordinary material. and eventually that spread out ordinary material became concentrated into a few areas where there was just enough of it to create stars, create planets and create the people. So it is responsible for life. It's the scaffolding in which all of the visible universe that we know about, everything that science has ever studied, all of that is built inside the dark matter. It sounds phenomenally exciting, actually, and you've drawn this analogy that you are the explorers.

13:47Yeah, and it's quite a privilege. But it is difficult. I mean, it takes a huge team to do this, both to build the telescope and then to make this map and analyze the data. It's taken a team from Europe and the US. There's a group of us in Durham, in the UK and in Switzerland and in America. And, you know, we all have to work together for this. And it's just, I don't know, it's heartening perhaps somehow as well that when it comes to these high-tech fields like building satellites and searching the universe, we can just see further and chart our cosmic future better working together. That was Professor Richard Massey.

14:27Still to come on this podcast, a sinister development or just plain business progress, Nike lays off almost 800 more workers as it accelerates automation.

14:45If journalism is the first draft of history, what happens if that draft is flawed? In 1999, four Russian apartment buildings were bombed, hundreds killed. But even now, we still don't know for sure who did it. It's a mystery that sparked chilling theories. I'm Helena Merriman, and in a new BBC series, I'm talking to the reporters who first covered this story. What did they miss the first time? The History Bureau, Putin and the apartment bombs. Listen on bbc.com or wherever you get your podcasts.

15:24Monday's return to Israel of the body of the last hostage in Gaza ought to have triggered the next phase of the US-led peace plan, The opening of a key border crossing, Israel withdrawing its troops, Hamas disarming, and the governance of the territory by an appointed group of Palestinians. But observers question how quickly, if at all, this next phase will happen. From Jerusalem, Dan Johnson reports.

15:52Israeli soldiers sang songs of Jewish resistance as Rangavili's body was recovered from northern Gaza. This moment may bring closure for his family, and it marks the end of Israel's hostage agony. Rangavili is the last of 251 who were taken on October 7, 2023. Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said he had vowed to return everyone, and he'd kept his promise. Mr Netanyahu's critics say it's taken too long and cost too many lives. Hamas said it helped locate the body to show its commitment to ending the war. Israel's agreed a limited reopening of the Rafah border crossing with Egypt so Palestinians can leave or enter Gaza.

16:34But there are other complicated issues to confront in enacting the next phase of the ceasefire deal. Disarming Hamas and unpicking it from life in Gaza, withdrawing Israeli soldiers, and building an international force to protect security for the future so Palestinians can rebuild. But just how realistic is that next phase? Imad Qadai is a freelance journalist originally from the southern city of Khan Yunis, now stuck much further north in the vast displacement camp at Al Mawasi. The opening of the crisp border of Rafa means to me, and you went into the world, because this crisp border of Rafa has been under siege for a long time.

17:13We are talking about more than one year and a half, May of 2024. So a lot of people did travel out of Gaza, and right now they would like to return back. They have maybe completed their medicine. They have maybe completed their education. They do not have any more money to spend there in Egypt. People have been wounded during the war and their situation is really dangerous. So they need to travel out of Gaza to complete their medicine. We are talking about huge numbers. But first of all, they would like to guarantee that the future is going to be known here in Gaza. Because when they come back to Gaza, they will not find a place for themselves to live in because all of their houses have been destroyed.

17:51For example, my village has been destroyed totally. So even if they allow us to return back to those places, we need a lot of efforts in order to rebuild a new Gaza, let me say, or a new village in order to allow those people coming back from Egypt to other places around the world to find a place for themselves to complete their life here in Gaza. Many people have been killed during the ceasefire, but after the ceasefire, it's different than before because when you walk in the street at the moment, for example, here in Mawasi, at least you cannot feel worried. After the ceasefire agreement, people have started to have very big hopes inside their hearts.

18:25And every day when we sleep at night, we say that maybe tomorrow is going to be better. And all the time we are ready in order to make it great again. So Gaza is one of the most beautiful places around the world. We are hopeful. We are positive about what is going to happen in the future. But that is not going to be easy. For example, before coming to this interview, Netanyahu, the prime minister of Israel, said very clearly, The second phase of a ceasefire agreement in Gaza is not reconstruction of Gaza, rebuild of Gaza. No, it's the disarmament of Gaza, which means, of course, he's going to put a lot of obstacles in front of the ceasefire agreement.

19:03But we wait more efforts and pressure from Trump, the United States of America. He is the only man who has a word to say to Netanyahu, the prime minister of Israel, in order to go on. And of course, the whole international community, they have the ability to convince this man that everything can be very nice, but maybe you can use a diplomatic power. Imad Quidai. The authorities in central Mexico have appealed for federal government support against armed gangs after 11 people were shot dead at a local football match on Sunday. Will Grant reports from Mexico City. For football fans attending a Sunday match in the small community of Loma de Flores, the attack was terrifying.

19:45Gunmen stormed the pitch, opening fire on players and spectators alike. In total, 11 people have been killed, most of whom died at the scene, with around a dozen people injured, including a woman and a child. The injured are being treated in a hospital in the nearby town of Salamanca. No clear motive has yet been given. The municipal authorities say they energetically condemned the attack and called on the federal government of President Claudia Sheinbaum for support in tackling drug cartel-related violence in the region. There are criminal groups trying to subdue the authorities, said the mayor of Salamanca, Cesar Prieto.

20:21In recent years, there have been numerous incidents of cartel violence in the state of Guanajuato, as the local Santa Rosa de Lima gang is locked in a turf war with the Jalisco New Generation cartel, in part over fuel theft. The illegal industry is worth billions of dollars a year and controlled by criminal groups, which also traffic methamphetamine and other drugs through the state. President Claudia Sheinbaum says her strategy of clamping down on cartel activity in several parts of the country has made significant improvements, with a 41 % reduction in the homicide rate in Guanajuato since she came to office.

20:57However, it remains one of the most violent states in the country, and that such a shocking massacre could take place at a community football match only underlines the challenges which still exist in that part of Mexico. Will Grant. In the rush to embrace AI and automation in general, many companies are looking to lay off staff. Now, the sportswear company Nike, which announced 1 ,000 job cuts last summer, is cutting hundreds more. Terry Egan reports. Like many companies in the US, Nike has been feeling the pressure from Donald Trump's various tariff manoeuvres. Added to a slowdown in the China market, the tariffs mean profit margins are under pressure like never before.

21:38These job cuts, though, are being characterised as facilitating an acceleration in the use of advanced technology and automation. They are, say the company, intended to reduce complexity and streamline operations. That doesn't sound particularly new or surprising, but what's different is a newfound interest in the corporate world in artificial intelligence. The use of AI and automation is spreading through corporate America, but more than that, many companies are in a sort of gold rush to place themselves at the forefront of what's seen as an AI revolution. Sales at Nike have been slowing for years and margins shrinking after the former CEO switched the focus from wholesale partners to retailers and websites.

22:31As part of that strategy, more distribution centres were established, with large warehouses, and their staffing was increased. While it's not clear how many distribution centres there now are with Nike, the new CEO, Elliot Hill, has been working to win wholesale partners back, renovate what's on offer and inspire innovation. So this could just be part of that reorganisation. In other words, a reset. Yet the interest in AI is intense because the hope is to build an AI model that actually thinks for itself, so-called artificial general intelligence. No one knows if this can be done, but then again, no one wants to miss out should it become possible.

23:18And investment in AI costs money, making laying off expensive staff an attractive proposition. Just last year, the shipping company, UPS, said it would cut 48 ,000 jobs, partly due to automation. Cutting staff in distribution or anywhere else would certainly suggest a company looking to the future rather than the past. Terry Egan. Canada has granted conditional approval for a defunct amusement park to sell 30 beluga whales to institutions in the United States. Marineland had threatened to kill the animals if it wasn't given permission to send them abroad. Tom Kavanagh reports. The park, situated near the famous Niagara Falls, closed to the public in late summer 2024.

24:08Marineland had been appealing to the Canadian government to grant the required export license for the 30 belugas, along with four dolphins, but without success until now. The company said it didn't have the resources to look after the animals and would cull them if they couldn't be sent abroad. Canada's government had blocked a previous plan to sell the whales to China over concerns of mistreatment. The fisheries minister, Joanne Thompson, said the decision to award the permits for transfer to the US was made in the best interest of the whales. That was Tom Kavanagh. Finally, so-called magic mushrooms have been giving humans mind-altering experiences for thousands of years.

24:49But it's never been clear why these types of mushrooms have evolved with such strange hallucinogenic chemicals. But now scientists in Britain think they may have the answer. as Richard Hamilton has been finding out. Magic mushrooms have been used as mind-altering substances since mankind's early history, by shamans in traditional cultures, and notably during the psychedelic era in the 1960s. Psilocybin is the active ingredient in more than 200 species of mushrooms, which are found on every continent except Antarctica. Recently, researchers have been exploring its medicinal use to treat conditions such as depression and PTSD.

25:35But it has been unclear why the fungi evolved to create this compound. A team from the University of Plymouth believe psilocybin might provide a defence against mushroom-munching insects. To test this, they mixed dried powdered magic mushrooms into food and gave it to fruit fly larvae. They then followed the young larvae through their life cycle to see the effect of the psilocybin. These larvae survived at far lower rates than those that were given normal food. Dr Kirsty Matthews-Nicholas, who's part of the research team, said the affected fruit flies also tended to be smaller, have asymmetrical wings, crawled shorter distances and showed erratic turning behaviour.

26:25So in terms of their survival, so survival reduces, but it definitely isn't zero. And those that do survive are much smaller as well, and they do have fluctuating asymmetry. So they've got larger differences between their left and their right wings, which indicates some sort of developmental stress. Then in the locomotion experiment, so what it essentially does is it stops the larvae moving and coordinating their behaviour. so they essentially don't move really at all but the ones that do move are turning in more directions and larvae use direction turning to find their food or to avoid a nasty chemical, for example, so it's obviously having an effect on their behaviour which we believe could have a detrimental effect on their survival in the wild if they're treated with that drug.