Gillian Keegan | The Future of Business Leaders in Politics

19 Aug 2025 · 1 h 19 min · 32 chapters

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In short

Gillian Keegan reflects on her career moving from business into UK politics, what she learned in Parliament, and how business-style skills can improve leadership and skills policy. She also discusses degree apprenticeships and why teachers are leaving the profession.

Guests

Gillian Keegan (former UK Conservative MP; business background; served as Education Secretary and previously Apprenticeships and Skills Minister, plus roles including Health and Minister for Africa). Host: Jimmy’s Jobs of the Future (Jimmy).

Guest background

Started in a Liverpool car apprenticeship at General Motors (rotational, seven years), then moved into procurement and digital payments at NatWest (including early chip-and-PIN work and buying automation/points-of-sale tech). Later joined Mastercard (commercial director tied to digital payments and mobile payment visions) and worked in sales at Amadeus (after Madrid). Studied at London Business School’s Sloan Fellowship at age 42. Entered politics via Women to Win; became MP, then Education Secretary.

Key claims

Apprenticeships and degree apprenticeships build confidence and opportunity; leadership is creating an environment where people feel purpose and can ask questions; in government, Treasury bids require joined-up strategy under tight borrowing constraints; politics is “snakes and ladders” with flat voting and rapid role changes; teachers leave due to workload, early-career shock, behavior issues, and lack of flexibility.

Notable examples

Rotational GM apprenticeship leading to procurement; NatWest digital payments/chip-and-PIN; Women to Win recruiting her after a theatre meeting; dementia care costs shifting to families; Liverpool’s union-driven industrial changes and council mismanagement as influences on her political views; teacher retention measures like AI/workload reduction, behavior hubs, and job-share flexibility.

Written by AI. May contain mistakes. Listen to the episode to check what was said.

Chapters

Tap a time to open that second in VO

Reflections on Losing a Political Seat

0:30 to 1:25

Gillian discusses her experience and feelings after losing her seat.

“15 or more headache days a month, each lasting 4 hours or more, can make me feel like a spectator in my own life.”

Reflections on Losing a Political Seat

2:32 to 3:52

Gillian discusses her experience and feelings after losing her seat.

“Make sure you subscribe so we can continue to get bigger and bigger guests.”

Business Career Beginnings: Apprenticeship to Banking

3:52 to 5:18

Gillian shares her journey from car apprenticeship to her banking career.

“It had really gone through quite a lot of change.”

Transitioning Through Business Roles

5:18 to 7:46

Exploration of Gillian's moves between roles in procurement and sales.

“Yeah, well, first of all, the car apprenticeship.”

The Importance of Education and Further Learning

7:46 to 9:28

Gillian discusses her decision to pursue further education later in her career.

“And then you go to, if I'm getting this right, MasterCard as commercial.”

Leadership Lessons and Building Teams

9:28 to 11:55

Insights on leadership and creating a motivating work environment.

“I was only supposed to go for a couple of years because my husband didn't move with me.”

Supporting Colleagues in Difficult Times

11:55 to 14:01

Gillian shares her views on reaching out to colleagues in need.

“And, you know, I always stay in touch with people.”

Navigating Politics from Business

14:01 to 24:15

Learn how business experience translates into political roles and the challenges faced.

“You know, it's all or nothing in some ways.”

Childhood and Background Influences

24:15 to 28:00

Explore the impact of childhood experiences and family values on political views.

“Because you're a coal mining family as well, right?”

Changing Perceptions of Degree Apprenticeships

28:00 to 29:20

Learn how degree apprenticeships are being rebranded to appeal to parents and students.

Show all 32 chapters

The Impact of Government Changes on Education

29:20 to 30:50

Explore the potential consequences of current government policies on educational initiatives.

“And to the social care and mental health, which was a promotion.”

Navigating Ministerial Changes and Responsibilities

30:50 to 33:10

Understand the thought process behind a significant ministerial job transition.

“And I think, I mean, it's unusual that you would, you know, I mean, the ministerial jobs are obviously very different.”

Social Care Reforms and Personal Experiences

33:10 to 34:55

Hear about the challenges and reforms in social care through a personal lens.

“And it just strikes me as terribly unfair because if you're if you're if you're sort of journey at the end involves cancer, then the state picks up the cost.”

The Role of Curiosity in Career Growth

34:55 to 38:10

Discover how a curious mindset can lead to diverse opportunities and learning.

“Yeah, well, as Tony Blair made the point of this podcast, spending a lot more money on it than we were.”

The Intensity of the Education Secretary Role

38:10 to 39:49

Learn about the challenges faced as Education Secretary during the pandemic.

“But I am very curious because I don't know where it comes from.”

Leadership in Education and Team Dynamics

39:49 to 42:00

Explore the differences between business and political leadership in education.

“But, you know, obviously you learn a lot.”

Leadership in Politics vs. Business

42:00 to 44:20

Explore the differences in decision-making and leadership challenges between political and business environments.

“Everyone in politics gets one vote, which is ultimately what happens in getting legislation through.”

Teacher Retention Challenges

44:20 to 47:28

Discuss the reasons behind teacher attrition and strategies for improving retention in the education sector.

“It's a real snakes and ladders politics in that sense of things.”

Workplace Bureaucracy and Its Impact

47:28 to 49:39

Examine the impact of bureaucracy on various professions and the need for streamlined processes.

“It's very interesting, this Charlie Colnutt book which I might give you afterwards is interesting on the amount of bureaucracy and shadow work there is like right across the UK.”

The Impact of Social Media on Youth

49:39 to 52:10

Analyze the influence of social media on young people's behavior and its implications for schools.

Unfinished Business in Education Policy

52:10 to 55:18

Reflect on key education policies that remained unfulfilled and the ongoing challenges in the sector.

“But, you know, some countries are actually looking at that now.”

Changing Role of MPs

55:18 to 56:00

Discuss the evolving responsibilities of MPs and how their backgrounds influence their effectiveness.

“How do you think the job of an MP is changing on that?”

The Changing Landscape of Politics

56:00 to 58:01

Explore how the demographics and experiences of politicians have shifted over time.

“From the ministerial perspective, what's changed is two factors.”

AI's Impact on Constituency Services

58:01 to 1:01:00

Discuss the potential changes AI could bring to the role of MPs and local services.

“I do wonder how much that could potentially change with AI, like in terms of being able to do that.”

AI and Future Job Dynamics

1:01:00 to 1:04:09

Examine how AI might reshape job responsibilities and the future of work.

“It's even smart enough to do some of that.”

Personal Reflections and Future Aspirations

1:04:09 to 1:07:15

Gillian Keegan shares her plans for a gap year and future career possibilities.

“It was just incredibly, you know, fast moving, let's just say, with making decisions, you know, in very difficult circumstances.”

Career Predictions and Opportunities

1:07:15 to 1:10:00

Discuss predictions regarding Gillian's future career paths and options.

“Keegan leverages her crossover credentials in business and politics to land a few key non-exec directorships.”

Reflections on Early Jobs and Personal Life

1:10:00 to 1:11:39

Gillian shares her first job experiences and personal anecdotes.

“and in the meantime having fun but really open to to what that's going to be and very excited to see what it will be.”

Career Aspirations and Political Insights

1:12:13 to 1:15:47

Gillian discusses her career aspirations and thoughts on political roles.

“No, and we have a grade two listed building, so I don't think it's very energy efficient and they wouldn't allow us to have solar panels.”

Representing the UK at the Pope's Funeral

1:15:47 to 1:18:07

Gillian describes her experience representing the UK at the Pope's funeral.

“Yeah, I mean, I was actually on holiday and it was over the Christmas and they asked, you know, if I could represent.”

Representing the UK at the Pope's Funeral

1:18:28 to 1:19:00

Gillian describes her experience representing the UK at the Pope's funeral.

“I almost couldn't breathe when I saw the discount they gave me on my first order.”

Representing the UK at the Pope's Funeral

1:19:05 to 1:20:04

Gillian describes her experience representing the UK at the Pope's funeral.

“With everyday versatility and classic athletic fit.”
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Transcript

Automatic transcript. May contain errors.

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1:40And she started as a car apprentice in Liverpool. She's one of the few politicians who doesn't have a degree but she rose right to the top of business working at Mastercard and General Motors. She then made the switch into politics and within just a few years she was the Education Secretary. When she lost her seat at the election last year it was one of the saddest results of the night for me because I think Gillian Keegan is exactly the type of person that we need in politics. So it's great to get her on a year after losing her seat and get some reflections on why that happened, what she learned from being in Parliament and it's a great example of how business and politics can learn from each other.

2:19She has one of the most impressive business backgrounds that I've ever come across but also what's particularly interesting is the way that she built her career layer by layer and the way she explained it was fascinating. On to today's episode. Make sure you subscribe so we can continue to get bigger and bigger guests.

2:42Gillian, welcome to Jimmy's Jobs of the Future. Thank you for having me. I remember the first time I heard your voice was in Downing Street and you were giving your maiden speech and it was coming out and it was quite a tough time for the government and for Theresa May in the wake of the 2017 general election. And I remember it being a real kind of ray of hope in terms of what you were talking about, in terms of business needs a better reputation and all these things. And I reread the maiden speech in advance of this. and I remember thinking this is this is the future and eight years on you had one of I would argue one of the dream kind of political careers of apprentice minister skills and then finally education secretary and then you lost your seat how did it feel losing your seat first I was pretty relaxed about it to be honest not in the way that you know I don't care but just in a way that it's something you can't control there's certain times in your life where things you just cannot control everything and therefore worrying about it is just going to affect you.

3:43It's not going to change the outcome. So I remember when I went to the counter, I already knew I had lost the seat. The seat had changed massively in boundary changes, so it was hard to judge. It had really gone through quite a lot of change. So it was hard to judge beforehand, but I knew before I went. So by the time I went, I always used to write a losing and a winning speech. I only took the losing speech because I knew that was going to be the only one I'd need. and I was actually probably the um you know the most sort of joyful person there because everybody else either looks shell-shocked or we're actually in tears yeah um and I'm a very pragmatic person I mean I look at it and think who on earth if if somebody had asked you when you were growing up in Nosley age you know 14 15 16 you know do you think one day you could be education secretary I would have not known where that had come from I would have thought absolutely not so you know when things have just exceeded your expectations in life.

4:39I felt extremely grateful to be able to have done it. And then, you know, you move on to the next thing, which, you know, we'll see what that is. And of course, I think that's one of the reasons why you're perhaps more sort of relaxed and quite a lot of politicians in terms of you had a proper career beforehand and a proper kind of hinterland. Can you talk us through a little bit of the business career? And there's a couple of moments that I'm particularly interested in. But the car apprenticeship is one at General Motors and so on. And you've talked about that quite a few times, etc. But then there's sort of the move to NatWest is an interesting one.

5:15What happened there? Was there a bit of a sliding doors moment? Yeah, well, first of all, the car apprenticeship. So you mentioned my maiden speech. I am in my DNA just so pro-business. And the reason I'm pro-business is because the school I went to wasn't really very good. and the business I started age 16 changed my life so that's why I'm a huge fan of apprenticeships higher level apprenticeships degree apprenticeships because sometimes you know whilst we've worked very hard to get the school standards up and they're a lot better than when I was at school sometimes for whatever reason you need your opportunity later in life and I have found all the way through my career businesses to be hugely supportive of training of allowing you to get more experience of allowing you to get broader experience etc allowing you to take on new things and you know really build up your confidence so um my my apprenticeship i loved i did seven years in the car factory and what happened in the apprenticeship it was a rotational um degree level apprenticeship it became they they said they'd sponsor you up to degree but it didn't have to be degree in fact i was the only one who did go up to degree and you learned all about all the jobs in the car factory so you're here on this podcast trying to tell people about the thousands of jobs that none of us have heard of that exist in businesses.

6:28Well, when you're doing that kind of apprenticeship, you just see what's available at that time. All the ones you think I could see myself doing that, or I don't fancy doing that, or I don't think I want to do that, etc. So that was just brilliant, a brilliant grounding. As a result of that, I ended up going into procurement, which was quite a tough job, because it was making sure that you got all the car parts to make the pieces they were making that day. But they had to arrive just in time, not too early, and not too late because you didn't want to tie up your working capital. So there was lots of changes in the car factory.

6:57So it was actually a very stressful job. And I used that, and this is about lateral moves, I used that procurement role and expertise to move into procurement in banking. And at the time, banking was going through huge changes in technology, PCs and the banks were being upgraded really in terms of automated in many ways. So I bought all the automation, all the points of sale that you see now, that accept all the card machines. I worked on digital payments. I worked on the chip and pin before that existed. You know, I worked on all the new technologies and I worked on buying those technologies, even buying technologies that didn't exist.

7:37So basically joint investing with various companies in Japan. So it was a fascinating journey and I absolutely loved it. And I learned a lot. And then you go to, if I'm getting this right, MasterCard as commercial. kind of director of a specific division. So again, another sort of lateral move from procurement then to a bit more sales. Yes, that was taking me into the direction of sales. And Mastercard actually bought the last thing I was working on in the bank, which was digital payments, which was a collaboration with about 40 other banks globally, to try and take the banking industry to where they are today with chip and pin when they didn't have anything.

8:15So that was something we did. And obviously, Mastercard were quite a good home for that. So that ended up all that technology ended up going, being bought by MasterCard. So I went with it. And I'd spent a fair bit of time trying to work with mobile phone operators and hardware providers to try and get payment systems accepted in mobile phones. All the things we have today, you know, in the 90s, we were working on all of that. The vision was there, but sometimes with technology, it takes a while to implement it and certainly to get it ubiquitously adopted by consumers, which is where you need to work with like hardware manufacturers etc so I did that went with Mastercard and then that was commercial director so that's when you're more investing in something that you're going to buy later so it's a joint investment you'll own some of the intellectual property rights etc that's what it was in my case and that was my route on the way to sales and they're really just two sides the opposite side of the table but procurement and sales and that's where I then ended up moving to Madrid in a sales role for Amadeus.

9:17And at what stage did you do the Slame Fellowship at London Business School? After my eight years in Madrid. So I came back at the end of 2009. I'd gone in 2001. I was only supposed to go for a couple of years because my husband didn't move with me. So I thought I'd go for a couple of years and get that experience. I didn't ever want to be somebody who'd never tried to learn a second language or live abroad. It was always in my goals to do that, life goals. So I was supposed to go for two years. I went for eight or just under eight. And when I came back, the company was going to be IPO-ing a couple of months later.

9:57I had equity that was vested. So I couldn't actually work for anybody else until that had all happened. So I thought, you know what? I'd always wanted to go back and study because I'd only ever studied part-time. So I'd done a degree, but I'd done it going one day a week on a Friday and a Tuesday or Wednesday evening. So I'd never really had the experience of going full-time. So age 42, I decided I would go back and do the Sloan Fellowship, which is like an MBA, but for people who've got a lot more business experience by then. So you've done lots of business cases, you've done lots of business deals, you've worked in business for normally 10 to 15 years at that point, and you're looking to get to the next stage.

10:34So sort of strategy and leadership is the huge focus as well as all the other things you learn on an MBA. And what did you learn about strategy and leadership on that? Because they can be quite nebulous topics, right? I mean, literally, it's all about people. So, you know, the goal is when you get up in the morning and when all the people who work for you get up in the morning, what is it that's going to make them leap out of bed and feel excited about the day ahead? They know what they're doing. They're comfortable with their work colleagues. They're excited about what they're doing. They feel real purpose about what they're doing.

11:05They understand their role in it. They understand if they don't, they can ask somebody and it's no big deal. So it's really about trying to motivate people to be the very best they can in their roles. Now, of course, people always have certain insecurities. They'll always have things that they don't know. I mean, none of us know everything. Most of us don't know, you know, even a tiny amount of things. So it's really about trying to create that right environment and how you, you know, inspire people to follow you. I guess that's the real definition of leadership, that somebody is following you.

11:37Now, I've always done it in a way by being very open. I'm a very natural person. I'm from Liverpool. Everyone knows I'm from Liverpool. I haven't lost that kind of chatty nature and that sort of open style. People do it in different ways, but that's kind of the way that I do it. And, you know, I always stay in touch with people. I think that's another thing. You know, the most, the best time to get in touch with somebody is when something's not going right for them. So, you know, if you've lost your seat as an MP, if you've lost your job, if something's, you know, not going well in your personal life or something, you know, you're feeling down.

12:15I know all of us will get this at some point in our life. You can't go through the whole of life and you have something not impact you in that way. That's the time, the most important thing to reach out and to be there for people. People really remember that and you get a kind of respect from doing that. I totally agree with that. It was a piece of advice I was given as the number 10 business spad was by Dan Korski, who did the job under Cameron before me, said, when other spads go through a rough time, you're in a privileged position in businesses, make sure you reach out to them and offer them a hand.

12:45And it's always kind of like stuck me, given the general maelstrom of 2016, 2019. I'm not sure I always managed it, but it is true how it sticks to people. What do you text people in that situation? Because sometimes it can be a bit difficult to know what to say. Just reaching out to let you know I'm here. Anything I can do to help. Or do you fancy a coffee? Just talk about it. Yeah. Or, you know, let me know when you're around. I'm always here at the end of the phone. You know, just something like that. A coffee is always a great thing to do, right? You know, it's just sitting down, having a coffee.

13:16People like to get out and, you know, have a tea or coffee or a drink at the end of the day if it's that. But I think it's just having someone to talk to, because actually sometimes you feel when things happen like that, you think, oh, God, this is the end of it. You know, there'll be a lot of my colleagues, MPs. It was a bit different for me. You know, I was 50. I was 49 when I got elected. I was 56 when I lost my seat. I'm 57 now. And I'd worked for 40 years before. So my equation is my equation. But for a lot of people, they're not in that position. You know, they're much younger. They've got families.

13:48They've got bills. It's a much, much more difficult situation. And now they need to find other jobs. So, you know, reaching out at that point is really, really important because, you know, everything's changed overnight. It's not normally as brutal in business as it is in politics. Politics is incredibly brutal. Yeah. You know, it's all or nothing in some ways. Business isn't quite like that. But still, I think people appreciate that. Being there when you're down is probably easier from being there when someone's on the way up. um how can we persuade more experienced people to go into politics and in particular more business people well that's how I actually ended up in politics so I say to people I wasn't particularly political now by that I was a conservative in Liverpool which is unusual so I had come to my own view I was political enough to be watching politics to be thinking about who I would vote for and to come from a different view from almost everybody around me so I was political enough for that but I'd never thought of going into politics and actually what happened is this organization that you've probably heard of called Women to Win which was set up by Theresa May and Baroness Anjenkin they go around basically looking for particular people not individuals but to try and spot people who you know more women for example because we've only got 24 % women now in conservative MPs it went back a little bit at the last election obviously people like myself losing and then they also wanted to get more business women and I met them quite randomly at the theatre literally at the theatre with somebody that we knew from the Japanese corporate world it's quite quite a random meeting I never underestimate the power of randomness that's really what you mean by networking you know you never know who if you're out and about and meeting people you never know who you may meet and where it will lead and it's actually one of the most powerful things for finding a job particularly when you're not looking and and this person Baroness Anjengi said have you ever thought of being an MP?

15:44And I said, no, not really. But the fact I was a businesswoman, I was a woman, they were looking for more women and more people with a business background. The fact I was from Liverpool was a bonus because there's not that many Liverpool conservatives. And then I started, but you have to start at the bottom. So this is the other thing. If you're in business, and by that point, I was in executive positions at the big office. I flew at the front to the plane you know I had the at the chair that swung around with the with the 360 views yeah so and then you know on this journey you know a few months later or a year later I was a district councillor on five grand a year you know so going out and finding out you know what what people's issues were locally so you've got to be able to yourself your ego needs to be able to go through that now I I find that quite easy but I also find it very rejuvenating because it is completely different you're throwing yourself in a way into the unknown but I was always confident that if I did and if I worked hard at it that I'd be given a shot um because I felt as though they were you know trying to help uh train us they were trying to help us be able to give speeches and it's a different kind of speech political speech so I could give presentations to hundreds and thousands of people in a stage in Las Vegas at a conference centre or whatever.

17:06But it's different than talking about yourself and selling you. So it's a different kind of speech. So you have to basically get yourself up to speed to be able to do that in a very natural way, which is hard. What do you wish you'd known when you first entered politics? I guess a little bit more about how the mechanisms work, which is the advantage of people who've been special advisors for example so I came with a very strong set of things that I knew in terms of business how business works the economy I also came from Nosley so I understood very much you know people who are struggling in life and and that kind of journey I understood the lack of opportunity in certain parts of of our country because again I'd lived through that but I didn't understand what a special advisor would know which is how the machinery of government works how you get things done how how you know how the whips office works how the how the treasury works the most important department really how you get things through the treasury now i did discover it in the end i did i did work out the secret source of what what kind of business case gets gets through the church the treasury um and how does that business case differ to a traditional business case in a business?

18:24Because I guess what they have is in business, in business, you're looking at, you know, the opportunities and you look at the opportunity cost of choosing opportunity A, whether it's a country you're investing in, it's a business you're buying, a product you're developing, and you will be able to have an analysis. It's a very financial analysis. And of course, you've got inputs that are unknowns, your competition, what they'll do, But you've got some idea and, you know, whether you think you can really get a big market share or be successful in this business. And then you sort of take your punt.

18:58In the Treasury, they will have bids from everything from, you know, I mean, we've got immigration today. So, you know, if you really want to solve immigration, then could you link that to investing more in some of the areas that are low paid that mean people don't want to go into them, for example? So you'd have a joined up coherent strategy. First of all, the departments don't join up. So that's you've got to pick through the bones. And secondly, there's hundreds of them and they're also very different. It's like choosing from every industry, every product, every, you know, it's not just within a sector.

19:32So that's what makes it more difficult. Plus, fundamentally, what really makes it more difficult at the moment is we've borrowed a lot for the financial crash, for COVID. you know you can't borrow that again our deficit's really high it's costing a fortune that's why we're so jittery about impacts things that impact the bond markets for example because that puts government borrowing up and a little tiny amount will put it up a lot so the other side of it is they haven't actually got a lot to play with either and what is typical and this is this is common to both government and business is stopping doing things is the most difficult things.

20:12What do you stop doing? What do you say I'm not going to do? And how do you remove the cost so that you can invest it in the future? It's difficult for businesses to do that because by that time you're invested with whatever revenue you get in. People have got knowledge about that particular business area. Everybody always thinks it's going to have a future, even if you can see basically it won't in 10 years time. But, you know, it involves people. So change management is difficult. And change management is really about trying to change people's minds, which is always difficult. You said something earlier about there not being that many Conservatives who are Liverpoolians.

20:50But there is a sort of striking argument of the opposite of that. Nadine Doris, Kit Malthouse, Therese Coffey, Gillian Keegan. Why are so many Conservative Scousers? Or why are so many Scousers Conservative? Well, first of all, the voting of the whole city doesn't show that for the normal people. But in terms of look at MPs, there are quite a lot of prominent scousers who have come forward as Conservative MPs. And I think we all went through probably a very similar experience at a very similar time. So when I started work, I was 16. I was in a car factory. I had no views really on politics. I had no views really on unions or anything like that.

21:30and then I'm working in a car factory it's competing with lots of car factories all over the world it was a sub-assembly factory and the unions didn't want to change to new working practices to compete with the you know just in time which has been introduced all over the world it started in in Japan and and they basically went on strike strike after strike as though that was going to be the answer and you could see what was going to be the answer that that actually the next time there was a model change when the whole capital investment cycle started again they wouldn't invest in kirby they would invest somewhere else so we saw so i saw that personally i don't think the others worked in car factories but they'll have seen the impact on jobs in the city um and now other people could have a view oh well the unions should we should have given into the union's demands and the jobs would have stayed that is absolutely not the case and i know because I was working inside that car factory.

22:27The second thing is Liverpool City Council and Derek Hatton. So if you want to see mismanagement bordering on and actually did tip into corruption, then Liverpool City Council is a fantastic example of that. And if you want to see the impact, we see this in Birmingham now, the impact on real people's lives, it doesn't take long or much for society to start to really break down when things like the bins aren't collected or people aren't buried or people can't get access to really essential services. Now, obviously, we've all suffered quite a lot through post-COVID where, you know, it's certain that the services are not back to where they were pre-COVID.

23:11But and even then there was pressure on the services that we need, you know, mental health. I was mental health minister at one point. he didn't talk about mental health 10 years ago and now we're trying to you know get many more people working in mental health but that obviously takes a lot of time and if you come from liverpool and you live those experiences and you looked at the labour answer and you looked at the conservative answer i think all of us came to the same conclusion that the conservative answer was a better fit are you a fan of jimmy's jobs of the future hi i'm sunny one of the producers behind the show and we don't just make this podcast we produce some of the best business content out there, working with global brands and founders.

23:50Over the past year, we've flown around the world and demand keeps growing. And with four prime ministers trusting us with their appearances on this show, you're in safe hands. So if you're already in the market for a podcast or standout business content, why not start with us? Drop me a line at sunny at boxlight.io, try our podcast calculator, or book a meeting at boxlight.io. That's boxlight.io. Now back to Jimmy. But how was it growing up? Because you're a coal mining family as well, right? Yeah. And in Liverpool, it is not the stereotypical conservative by any stretch of the imagination. Just what was that like?

24:29Well, first of all, I grew up in, we spent five years in Yorkshire, actually in a coal mining village as well. But then we came back to Knowsley when I was 10. And I mean, all my family was there. I'm from a massive family. My dad's one of 13, 11 survived to adulthood. And they all lived within a couple of streets of one another. So actually, I had a fantastic childhood because I always had cousins at school. I always had friends that were, you know, cousins as well. They were, you know, very close in age. I had both sets of grandparents. I grew up with great grandparents even alive, you know.

25:06So I was very lucky. And, you know, yeah, one of my granddads was a coal miner. And, you know, I do remember the coal miners' strike. I remember in Yorkshire when I was young I was very young four or five at the time but I was going to school I just started school and and kids parents or dads were in those coal mines so it was a massive you know topic of discussion so I definitely learned um I didn't know anything about that but I was very scared and I understood I suppose I understood the importance of having a job from a very young age if you had a job you could have you know a better lifestyle than if you didn't have a job I suppose that was ingrained and my grandparents always used to say to me particularly my grandmother who had the 13 children she used to say you know benefits are not for you benefits are for other people your part of this equation is for you to um pay into the system you're you're the one who has to be paying taxes into the system because as you point to somebody in the street who you know had some some real problems and and you know would be judged to be incapable of working you know it's for it's for Mr XYZ and then she'd send me a dinner to go up to mr xyz because she would feed half the street as well so i guess all of those things were were ingrained in me as a child without me even knowing let's talk about one things that you are most associated with which is degree apprenticeships because i think this is a really exciting development that's particularly kind of i know they've always existed but they are kind of on rocket boosters in the last five ten years partly by some of the reforms that you've kind of bought as well.

26:36Which ones do you think are particularly interesting? Which firms are doing degree apprenticeships? Well, when I first became the apprenticeships and skills minister, I was, I'd been sold on degree apprenticeships ever since I'd done one years before. And you were right, they did exist, but they were not widely available. So they were usually in particular professions, and they were usually large multinational companies. So General Motors, they had a program there'd be affords would have had a program lodge uh international businesses probably would have had a program some of the civil servants maybe would have had a program um potentially some construction industry you could have gone up to maybe quantity surveyor level they would have had a program but that was it and what i wanted to do was first of all to put them on the map and to basically to make sure they were available in pretty much every profession so we worked with all the nhs trusts we worked with 5 000 businesses to develop all the apprenticeship standards up to those higher level and it's not just degree because level four and level five which is like hnc hnd level they actually earn normally as much as the degree level because they're usually quite technical so i thought actually one of the biggest challenges i have here is not that they're good not that their companies don't want them they do um and we can work with the universities who also were getting more open to being more flexible to be able to you know sort of work out a degree structure with the businesses but it's the parents it's actually the parents that you need to convince because everybody feels that their child almost is on a conveyor belt now to university it's a you know more than 50 percent of young people around 50 percent end up going so i thought if you're going to convince parents what is it you do so i got in um the big four sort of pwc deloitte all of those um morgan stanley the brands that every everybody would want their kids to work for that everybody understands you know and i got a whole load of different businesses in and said you know what what what's the opportunities for degree apprenticeship so we have financial analysts we have data analysts we have lawyers now we have accountants where you can skip that sort of sequential do a degree then do your professional accountancy exams and do them as a combined course with you know any of the big four kpmg you know pwc it's young etc any of them so that is what we did to really change the perception of of them and i think it's really worked and people now say to me in fact it was i think it It was Boris who said to me when he asked me to move from the apprenticeships and skills minister role, which I loved.

29:20I mean, it's a perfect job for me. And to the social care and mental health, which was a promotion. But he said to me, you know, your work is done. I was at a dinner party and three people were mentioning degree apprenticeships. You know, your work is done here. People know about this, these opportunities now. I do hope that the current government doesn't destroy what we've built. They are taking an axe to some of it, but they're, you know, more at the master's level, which, you know, there's only two really. They're mostly the NHS going up to master's in clinical sort of specialisms. But I get the impression that, first of all, they're not as passionate about them perhaps as we were, but also they don't understand business as much as perhaps someone like I did.

30:09so really understand that when you talk about skills instead of trying to develop them in isolation if you have the businesses and the and the dfe and the universities and colleges working jointly and that's what was done under ifate which they've also got rid of then you know that is that is actually the holy grail to try and get the system to work together and be responsive enough to the future needs of businesses and make sure that you know the things joined up and that was our attempt it wasn't working perfectly but it was definitely on the journey to be in a system that actually many people around the world really admired yeah and that ability to earn and learn at the same time is vital for me I didn't have the option I would never have had the confidence in myself at that age to think that I could have gone and got a degree you know I wouldn't have had that confidence and many people I think from working class backgrounds uh i mean more more go to university now than they ever have but still many will worry about that sort of debt and their ability to get jobs that would pay off in the future yeah usually right they don't know anyone who has so that's part of what you worry about um very impressed when you were describing your business career at the kind of like lateral moves that you made i know sometimes these things are a bit easier to join the dots in sort of in hindsight but what goes through your brain when the prime minister boris johnson calls you in and says i'm going to take you from your dream job and drop you in health care like what what process kind of goes through with that in terms of to a lot of people in the outside world that will not make any sense well i think the same process you have the same initial thought that you have with any job which is can I do it?

31:55Why me? Can I do this? And I think, I mean, it's unusual that you would, you know, I mean, the ministerial jobs are obviously very different. And of course, the organisations that are supporting you are not changing jobs. So the civil servants are not changing jobs. So it's just the person at the top, which is part of the problem. This rapid movement of people in ministerial ranks is part of the problem, really. You don't get to know it enough to be able to be effective. So but when I was asked to do that move, we were at that time going to reform social care. So we'd introduced a levy. We were going to reform social care, which I am a strong believer of, believer in, because my grandmother, one of my grandmothers, well, both of them got dementia.

32:41But one of them had to sell her house to pay for her care. And her house was a three bed council house that she'd bought under the Margaret Thatcher right to buy. And I don't think most people in the country understand today that if you get dementia and you have to go into a care home, you will have to pay using your assets down to your last 20 grand or whatever it is. I think it's 23 and a half thousand or in certain circumstances goes even below that. So I don't think people understand it. And it just strikes me as terribly unfair because if you're if you're if you're sort of journey at the end involves cancer, then the state picks up the cost.

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33:18if it involves dementia you pick up the cost yourself and that is what Teresa May tried to solve that you remember that probably Boris tried to solve it so when he explained to me that he thought I would be good at selling this policy and be able to you know put the reforms in place because what you're doing is first of all you're trying to explain to the public why why you need why it's worth spending a bit more collectively to take us all off that hook and secondly then you need to work with all of the stakeholders and it is a sales job to some degree as well as a technical sort of reform job and he said you know I think you could do that so you have to get yourself then up to the point where you believe that you can and that's the same as you always do you go start a new job spend the first three months asking every question under the sun read everything and you can never be dumb in the first three months right that's That still applies everywhere.

34:14Maybe it's a bit less in ministerial terms. And certainly I don't think the morning breakfast TV presenters give you quite as much leeway as that. But in general, when you're asking, when you start something new, nobody expects that you're going to know it all. So I did actually enjoy that job a lot more. And then, of course, mental health because of the pandemic. This is the second half of the pandemic. Became a much, much, much more concerning thing because many more people's mental health suffered. during the pandemic, through that isolation, through that uncertainty, through not knowing, through the whole routine and structures being upended.

34:50And that's something that will take us time still to recover from. Yeah, well, as Tony Blair made the point of this podcast, spending a lot more money on it than we were. And then you're main minister of Africa. That was a random one, yeah. Seven weeks. Actually, I love Africa. And I've done quite a lot of business travel in Africa. and I don't think that's why I was given that role but that was the Liz Truss period and I didn't vote for Liz Truss at all What did you say to Liz when? Have you heard this story? She asked me whether I'd back her and I said no Liz and she tried to say you know woman to woman thing and I said no and she said why and I said because you're crackers and I thought and I meant it you know and I didn't mean it unfairly but I said to her you know it's just one step too far.

35:39I said, you know, I wouldn't think I could be Prime Minister. I wouldn't sit there and say I could be Prime Minister. It's a big job and it's a big role and you've got to have the temperament and, you know, listening skills are massively important in any job you do. But certainly you know, in that job, listening to the markets, listening to other people and I didn't see a great deal of listening skills to be honest. Quite a lot of assertiveness but not much listening skills. But you were quite rare in the sense of you were given a job having not backed her. Yes, I think there was about three or four of us.

36:13I mean, I never, you know, I used to have people say to me, unless you back, I didn't back Boris either, unless you back Boris, you won't get a job. And I used to say, I've had loads of jobs. I've literally been working since I was 16. In fact, I was working since I was 13 in St. John's Market as a Saturday girl. So I've literally had loads of jobs. I'm not going to do what I think is the wrong thing just because of getting on the ministerial ladder. I mean, by that time I was 49, 50. So, you know, you don't have quite the same. You've proven yourself more to yourself a little bit, I guess, than having, you know, I've never really had a big important job and that ministerial job is really going to be it for me.

36:52That's going to be my first big rung on the ladder or second big rung on the ladder. So I was in a different position, I think, than most. But I still probably would, I'm quite forthright, so I probably would say the same. Anyway, so I did get a job. I still haven't worked out how, but it was Minister for Africa. And I was very excited because I love Africa. It's also super strategic in geopolitical sense. I mean, you know, Russia and Chinese strategies are being played out there on a daily basis. You know, you've got critical minerals, you've got shipping routes, you've got all other transportation hooks that are being purchased and invested in all across Africa.

37:29and I think I'm right if the figure's right but something like in 10 or so years time the quarter of the young population will be African but even if that figure's not right the sentiment is right most young people will come from Africa in the future because their birth rate hasn't stopped and it's stalling in many many other parts of the world so it is super strategic so I only did seven weeks but I read such a lot and I really enjoyed it and I did one ministerial visit before I was moved although when I was moved I was promoted to the cabinet so I can't really complain. Yeah that's quite good.

38:07Where do you think you get your kind of and we'll come back to that but where do you think you get your kind of like innate curiosity from? I am very curious you know right now I'm looking at trying to do looking at courses into AI and ethics and things like you You know, I went back to study at 42 and I'll probably go back at, I don't know, maybe late 50s to do something. Probably a short course. I won't do a long course again. But I am very curious because I don't know where it comes from. I think it probably is in your DNA to some degree. But I've always been very curious. How does this work?

38:42Why is that doing that? You know, why is why is a great question? And I suppose it makes things more interesting. I've always also liked variety. Yeah. I don't like to do one thing all the time, which is why the MP role, even though I never thought of it myself, even though it was something someone suggested to me, when it came to actually doing it, I loved it because I loved the constituency part. But I equally loved, I even loved the morning round, even though I didn't love it. I felt a sense of achievement for doing it. So I would say yes to everything. You know, people, I'd say yes to, you know, that's why I was on the media a lot, particularly during COVID.

39:20A lot of people were smarter than me, maybe, and said no. But I am curious. And because we only have a short time here in the world, right? Why not be? Yeah, no, no, I completely agree. So time is education secretary, probably the dream job, I imagine. Yes, it was. And I knew the department pretty well because I'd spent almost two years as the apprenticeship and skills minister before being moved to health. And actually, when I started that job, three weeks later was when the pandemic hit. So it was a very intense period. But, you know, obviously you learn a lot. And then going back to education, it was all the same people.

39:59And it's the first and only time I've been able to go back and say, you know that thing that I asked you to do? Did you do it? And thankfully, because you're always a bit suspicious that they just wait for the minister to move on and then put that one's in the bottom drawer. but thankfully all the things that I had been working on um particularly with apprenticeships and skills you know trying to get the completion rates up because there's something going wrong there you know all the things that were going to improve the system they were working on and they had continued to work on um so that was that was good to see and and then just having a more a broader remit so then you obviously you've got school school standards but I had Nick Gibb who is literally the king of school school standards actually now globally he's going around advising people you had a real rock star ministerial team i did like yeah rob halfon who knows more about skills than probably anyone else on the planet i would say uh and then damien hyde had been a former education secretary as well and claire coutinho as well when i looked at it earlier i was like that's quite yes well when rishi asked me to be um cabinet minister which i wasn't expecting and and this is proof i'm sure everyone says that but the proof i wasn't expecting is because i had not washed my hair and i would definitely have washed my hair if i thought i was going to be doing that walk down dining streets you know just for just for the neighbors and my mom and dad back home but um i hadn't because i thought maybe i'd get back up to a minister of state because i had been demoted the african minister was actually a demotion even though it didn't really feel like it but um i i as you get that sort of cabinet minister the first thing i said which is so me is you know how am i how am i going to be able to do it you know um will i be will i be good enough and i said i need a really good team now uh i don't know if anyone remembers but there had been times when there hadn't been that good a team certainly there were some ministers who were not that great um prior to that so i was thinking i you know i i really do need a good team and rishi said don't worry i'll give you a good team and i kind of hinted at some of the people that i thought might be really excellent in these positions but i didn't obviously say the names because it is the prime minister's decision um but let's just say i was delighted with the team they were an amazing team yeah um but it is it is funny isn't it because you are basically becoming the sort of chief executive of the education department you don't really get a say over any appointments on the ministerial side or the civil service side i mean that is one of the big differences between politics and business right hugely different so in business um within your team and as that as you get more senior obviously that grows and maybe even the CEO of the whole company you get to normally hiring decisions firing decisions if somebody's underperforming promotion decisions bonus decisions all the levers that you have to incentivize and motivate performance or indeed sometimes you do have to you know manage out poor performance because keeping poor performance actually brings everybody else down because everybody sees it and everybody notices it so you know that's one of the things you really learn um you know when you've been in many leadership positions that it isn't kind to do that to the rest of the team yeah um but doing all of those they're all within your gift as a leader um in these roles they're not as you say the civil service is its own complete organization um and yes okay there have been occasions where some people have managed to you know get rid of a civil servant or whatever but it never ends well and it's uh it's also not within the usual sort of role that you have um likewise you don't choose the ministers so you know if a minister decides you know they don't don't want to really do the job or listen to what you say or have very different ideas you've got to use your persuasive skills so the skills you use in politics are very much more around persuasion and trying to um gain the respect of your colleagues and it's also more of a flat structure.

43:57Everyone in politics gets one vote, which is ultimately what happens in getting legislation through. And going up or going down can switch. You can be Education Secretary one day and a backbencher the next day. You can be Prime Minister one day, Rishi Sunak, and backbencher now. So these things, those hierarchical changes do not happen in the business world. It's a real snakes and ladders politics in that sense of things. um so i asked a few teachers for questions and various things and the one that came up again and again i hadn't sort of appreciated this is just how many teachers are kind of leaving the profession yes at the moment and it's almost up at sort of 10 in the last couple of years right and department for education figures why do you think that is and how do we stop that so i think um we had two key issues in terms of the workforce one was trying to make sure we attracted enough people in to the profession.

44:56Which is always a sort of obvious one, right? And then the other was the retention. So we had a retention strategy. And the reason we looked at when people were leaving. So first of all, there was a spike in year three or four. So they'd just started, they'd got into the profession, or even two or three, and thought, my God, this is so different than the classroom version, where I did a placement, but, you know, this environment is so different. I don't think I can do it. And they would leave. So that was one. And then the other is early retirement, taking retirement a little bit earlier. And, you know, often that's because it's not just teaching.

45:38People have sort of readjusted their lives now post-COVID and thought, you know, I don't want to be working full time. So there's a couple of things we were trying to do. One is to use AI and other tools, actually, to make the workload a little less repetitive. So there is a lot that you could do on the workload to make the workload easier. So that you're doing what you think is the fun bit of teaching, which is actually teaching the kids, as opposed to a lot of the stuff behind the scenes. And also a lot of that stuff behind the scenes takes up a lot of your weekend if you're working full time.

46:11So that was part of it as well. The workload had just become too much. Sometimes behaviour in the schools as well is impacted. I mean, teaching friends who I know, one of them has left because, you know, she was attacked in school. You know, no one's going to put up with that kind of stuff. So that's the behaviour. And that's why we put a lot of focus on behaviour, behaviour hubs, etc. Because without behaviour, you can't do anything on standards. And it certainly doesn't help the teachers feel valued and comfortable and enjoy enjoyment in their work environment. and then the other thing was flexibility the thing that's happened in lots of other professions is flexibility so you know there's more working from home there's more flexibility in terms of how you do your hours how many hours you do teaching is still relatively inflexible so it was to try and enable those job shares so we had a number of sort of schemes to try and enable that to get you know part-time teachers to be able to do you know three days a week maybe with their prep time that would be four and maybe that suits a lot and that could keep people in the profession who just don't want to spend all week all day every day plus a day of their weekend um you know working when they're in their 50s and maybe could take their pension a bit early so that is another factor as well so um all of those were part of the retention strategy some of it is happens in other professions as well you know there are other professions where you see some of that but I think it's certainly something that you just need to continuously work on because there are so many teachers who have such brilliant experience and that's the problem.

47:51You're losing a lot of experience. It's very interesting, this Charlie Colnutt book which I might give you afterwards is interesting on the amount of bureaucracy and shadow work there is like right across the UK. So he's basically done the opposite of Jimmy's Jobs of the Future. He's gone and spoke to 70 people about their jobs today and what it involves. And there's a story in there about a soldier who retrains a teacher and says he finds teaching more stressful than being a soldier, which is like striking on any level. But it is also just generally across the board, the amount of shadow work and bureaucracy in it.

48:25There's a construction site manager in there saying it's impossible for me to have a site on, impossible for me to have a conversation on site without having to then go and put it in an email. yes that that's that that is a definitely um a probably a change in a lot of working environments where uh people do feel they need to write things down so that things are recorded and that's probably because um you know could come back to bite them later if they didn't it's procedures and process and when you look at a lot of things that happen between you know things going wrong in the workplace, often it's you didn't follow procedure, you didn't follow process.

49:07So that's, you know, that's something that people are really, really well aware of. And that is part of, you know, the thinking and probably the difference between a larger company or public sector environment than a small startup, for example, where you probably don't have as many of those things in place. Otherwise, they'd never get anywhere. And I think that is something you always do need to be asking yourself, which procedures, who's this helping? And what is it really there is it really adding value to the business because we are all adults right we are all grown up and we should be able to have conversations without um you know having having everything recorded yes but i do wonder well we'll come on to ai in a second but like of where yeah technology does actually create more work and more sort of side of it but um on what you talk about teachers and teachers being attacked etc have you watched adolescence yes what did you make of it I found it very disturbing in fact I was in tears at the end of it because half of me thinking um I mean because I went to a school in Liverpool that was not a very good school so half of me going back to that um and thinking you imagine things have got a lot better now I actually went back to my old school it's not the same school because they knocked all the schools down in noted but it's on the same site on the same playing fields as as the old one and it was amazing I was so pleased as education secretary I went back it's now a good school for the first time ever we have good schools in Noseley we haven't had them all the way through and the kids behavior was I mean I couldn't believe it I couldn't believe it they were quiet they were taking their mobile phones because they left them I couldn't believe it it was brilliant so I'd had this sort of sense but I think as a as a minister you do get um you know you do get to see perhaps um the improvements more than the things that are not going well even though I asked all the time take me to something that's failing take me to something that's not working and I did go to see them but I found it deeply disturbing um and then of course there's the storyline itself so one was about the school the school sort of environment that all the kids were in and then there was the storyline itself which is how much young minds can get influenced online and how that can spill over in the real world with the usual kind of you know taunting humiliation bullying which is not acceptable but I think all of us would say we saw examples of that in our childhood right that happens that's what bullying literally is often and all of us have seen bullying or been bullied as well in our childhood so but how that spills over I found deeply deeply disturbing and of course you're always asking the question what more could I have done what more should I have done and we did ban mobile phones in school we put the back you know I put the guidance in place Now they talk about making it legislative.

51:52I don't know whether that's required or not, but, you know, the hook is there for the schools to do it. The technology is there for them to do it cheaply. But we did talk about going further and how you could, what you could do with social media. Now, we had the online harms bill and there's all these talks and calls for banning social media, which is difficult to see how you can do that without it going completely under the radar. But, you know, some countries are actually looking at that now. But there's no doubt that everybody, every parent, everybody in teaching absolutely can see the impact of social media on face to face relationships.

52:36and that's that's worrying everybody what do you wish you'd done as education secretary or even from your whole time in politics what's the one thing that you wish you'd had the chance to do all the things you didn't get to finish so you know um free child care we were rolling that out we did the first chunk of it yes um which was 30 hours for for uh you know two-year-olds and then 15 hours for younger children but we had a whole plan to roll that out um for everybody over nine months for free uh child care 30 hours a week free child care subsidized by the government that's that's something i think they are continuing doing so at least that policy hasn't been cancelled but we were nervous that they may not social care it still needs to be fixed if we don't fix social care if we don't fix the proposition in terms of the financial aspects of it the workforce which all feeds into this then it's almost impossible to ever have a function in nhs because every single problem we ever had was always down to something like 85 percent of the patients are over 80 and normally when they're the inpatients in hospitals and normally they're on their way to a journey where they need a bit more support to leave hospital.

53:56That could be permanent or it could just be temporary, but they need a social care package or they need a respite home or they need a social care, a care home. And if you don't have that part of it working, then that blocks up the hospital. And that's why we saw, you know, 14, 15 hour ambulance queues. So all of those things, the perennial things, people have been talking about them forever, but actually you know I was in positions where I could have fixed them and I was part way to fixing them and then either you're moved or in the case then the levy got scrapped so the the funding to to to change social care got got scrapped but you know for every one of them there's so much good things that we did introduce um but to me politics has become rather too performative you know making announcements everybody pretending that they're the answer and nobody else can fix anything um which is wrong you know basically the problem the reason things don't get fixed is because they're hard to fix and we don't have the will uh often politically because they're difficult and you have to have hard conversations and we don't have the people who even understand how to do it often in in some of the ministers you know i'm very very worried about the complete lack of experience of implementing anything in the current cabinet.

55:21How do you think the job of an MP is changing on that? Well, the job of an MP, I think, is actually becoming more and more full on in terms of every constituent can access you. Everybody's got access to emailing you, your social media, your surgeries when you're out and about in your constituency. So actually, from that perspective, the constituency role, I think, you know, we'd get thousands and thousands of pieces of correspondence, you know, on single issues. So I think from that perspective, if you go back 30 years, you know, maybe they get 100 letters or something, you know, so it's very much changed from that perspective.

56:03From the ministerial perspective, what's changed is two factors. The first is the type of people that go into politics, when you used to be able to have two jobs you would very often get people who ran a business or were senior in in the law or in health or whatever but also were mps and they they did that job in the afternoon so you would have people who had experience yes always or people who'd worked in coal mines or people who'd worked in factories people who were union conveners people who had a lot of experience of actually the real world were then coming into parliament um and that's probably you know not not kept up with that kind of level.

56:42We do have more people who do come into politics very early and basically know they want to be an MP. So even if they do a job before, they're just treading water until they get the shot to be an MP. So they don't really have an awful lot of experience outside of politics. And that shows. Because what's different from politics? What is politics? Politics is someone saying, your boo sucks, you're rubbish because you're the blue team if it was the red team it'd be better that's effectively what they're saying every day in some kind of maybe a few bits of data and facts that have been you know picked deliberately to support your as far as data and facts yeah and you can statistics you can use whatever you want right depending on which which year you're looking at or i mean they use the waiting list this is a great one waiting lists are going down every month but they're comparing them to when the doctors were on strike you know so it's like things like that you think well okay that's not it's it's it's a it's a use of the statistics that suits your narrative but the reality is to to actually fix things first of all you need to be brave enough you need to really understand how you're going to do it um and then you need to have a plan in place you need long enough to do it i was quite struck the other day actually i went through all the uh new labor mps to look at who'd got business experience and all that kind of thing and i was quite shook at the beginning i was like i'm 38 right and i was like oh they're younger than me they're younger than me and it was like by the end of going through the list i was actually far more shocked by occasionally finding someone who was older like it was i was really struck by just how much that had kind of shifted as a sort of average age and of course you've got do it partly like that they are the new intake they won't be that young forever they'll probably do it for 10 years at least but yeah it was i was just kind of quite struck by it also the other interesting bit on the amount of correspondence that you receive obviously completely agree with that and completely agree with the poorest nature of being an mp but i do wonder how much of the role of being a constituency member parliament will change with ai because a lot of what the job is as a backbench MP is effectively being a router for constituents around government and various different levels of local government as well because people know the MP, the rights to them, and then it's often kind of directed.

59:03I do wonder how much that could potentially change with AI, like in terms of being able to do that. Yeah, possibly because actually what you're often doing is you're unlocking a service that they've tried to access anyway and the computer says no. Computer says no, computer says. And then they'll come and they'll, you know, come to the MP, get a surgery and say, you know, I'm having to home school my child because I cannot get the right special educational needs place. And even though we were building a lot more special educational needs places, we were not keeping up with the demand. The demand outstripped how long it took us to build the new schools.

59:43But that will get, you know, that will come right soon when they're assuming they don't cancel those programs. But that when you've got somebody, it doesn't matter any of that because, you know, they're really worried about getting that place. You can get the child that place. You know, you can speak to the school. You can say, you know, when when is this? This is a real, you know, this is a real sort of need. And and of course, the school wants to help as well. So it's a question of just, you know, trying to say, you know, we'll put something in place short term in the meantime with the council, etc.

1:00:14All of those things, you're normally unblocking a service that people should have access to. As a minister, you think they do have access to, but then on the ground, it's not quite as it seems. And there's a lot of, you know, computer says no, or, you know, you don't have access or go and speak to that person, you know, pillar to post, go from pillar to post. And that's actually one of the things that does. there's a lot of waste actually in local services through that overlap of the budget brinkmanship and people trying between local authorities different tiers of local authorities and also local services the nhs and etc so that that is that is a factor which you know you could you could really improve i'm hoping ai helps well yeah i mean how do you think ai will change work and skills and what courses have you been looking at as well well ethics is the ones i've been looking at AI and ethics because I think that's the more difficult aspect of it you know will AI make it easier to do uh your basic accounts or basic contracts or basic uh or you know things that are not too specific will there be a way of being able to get these things much much quicker yes um can it help with research can it do research really quickly for you yes yeah um can you uh check some of the things you've done and some of the logic of some of the things that you have put together and look for some themes and patterns.

1:01:39It's even smart enough to do some of that. Although, as I said to you the other day, I actually asked it how many conservative MPs had a majority of over 10 ,000 and it came back with completely the wrong answer. Which I don't understand because that's numbers and facts. It's really bad. So, you know, there are certain things that basically, you know, blow your mind in terms of what it comes up with and blow your mind in terms of how it got it so wrong but it really is on a track to being able to be a massive you know tool to help people take get rid of a lot of a lot of um a lot of the sort of paperwork a lot of the research behind a lot of jobs which will change the nature of a lot of jobs um and and you know the the big question is what jobs then do people do with their free time what is the what is the you know does that mean that teaching becomes a more attractive profession because you know you are just teaching then and and you know ai is not going to do that instead of you you know inspire that that little kid in front of you who's you know looking up to you as though you're the only person in the world um you know that's a very special relationship and i still say to everybody you know no matter where you go in the world you ask anybody who's the teacher that made a difference to your life and every person will answer a mr somebody or a mrs somebody yeah everybody and that nobody will be able to do as well as the teachers so you know you do have to then get the balance of how it makes their their enjoyment of their job better that's what i really hope happens um and what's going to be your job of the future right because you've had a career that has already been 40 years and with the new working world and advancements etc you should probably only be two-thirds of the way through right maybe not even that far so what does the last third look like well the one thing i haven't had ever is a gap year so i have been so i decided to treat myself to that for two reasons the first is i haven't had had the chance before um and lots of people have this around when they're 18 or perhaps when they finish university um so so that's the first thing i'm going to do and there's two reasons i'm doing that the first is i think politics is is so full-on and it was such a such a wild ride you know in seven years i literally went from just you know just starting to to being in the cabinet and actually spent four and a half years as a minister three weeks after being made a minister covid started i mean It was just incredibly, you know, fast moving, let's just say, with making decisions, you know, in very difficult circumstances.

1:04:26So I think that's the first thing. And of course, we've also had a change of government. So you do need to kind of let politics wash away from you a little bit and decompress. So that's the first thing. So I am going on holiday literally all the time. um so i'm going to basically things i've had a very international career so you know i get invited to lots of do you want to come walk in here with me do you want to come here with me do you want to go that and i've always had to say no no no no no because i'd get accused of you know being away well that was something you couldn't do as an mp right you're away and and that's that's you're not allowed to have a holiday even though i did because i don't agree with that but then also who you go with might be on a front page of something.

1:05:09So now I can just say yes, yes, yes. So I said yes to everything. After that, I want to get my Spanish back up because I did speak pretty good Spanish, but again, haven't had any time to really focus on that. So I want to get that back up to speed. New upgrade my own understanding of AI and ethics is probably where I'll head there. and then I'm really open it's very unusual because usually when I was looking for new jobs it would be um and I don't I don't have to do anything actually if I wanted to but I think I will because I just feel I've got so much experience and so much that and energy that I do need to do something but usually in the business world it would be in the sort of business space in the political world it would be you know maybe go into a think tank and things like that and that's not what what I'm looking for is for things that where I can use all of that business experience and that political insight because that's very differentiating that's something that not lots of people have I haven't worked out what that will be but it's probably more um non-exec than exec just because I want to also value my free time because my husband's doing his PhD you know he's kind of got a bit more free time he's still doing some board stuff but what's his phd in it's it's war studies at king's college and it's a historical naval figure um that he's writing his phd about and then he wants to go and write a book it's a guy called sir roger keys who was uh also was a conservative um um a member of parliament and is very famous and is there at very critical um moments in our country's history but has kind of been forgotten so he that's what he's doing his on so as we've got a bit more time we've worked for 80 years between us so i want to get that balance right to be able to you know to to see friends and family i mean you know our youngest lives in new york now so we've got to get that balance right um but non-exec i think is probably more so uh than exec but of course everybody wants you to do exec yeah so i put this into chat gpt oh did you did it come up with the answer would you like to yeah and also it came up with some percentages let me go oh wow okay let me grab the laptop um i've been doing this a lot i haven't done this i haven't thought to do this myself actually it's interesting yeah so um if it says singer then it's wrong no so i um i put it in with uh because obviously do lots of research on it now and so on and particularly for like obviously knew lots about your politics and lots that's public but actually the the sort of business stuff it was really good on so yeah it the corporate But stateswoman hybrid, most likely.

1:07:5460 % probability it gave this to you. Keegan leverages her crossover credentials in business and politics to land a few key non-exec directorships. Think Rolls-Royce, Pearson or a large apprenticeship provider like Babcock. Okay. She's tapped to chair a new National Skills Council or something similar, possibly appointed by a future Conservative government. and then in 2030 she emerges as go-to voice on education and workforce policy etc etc and then it goes on to that now the second path 25 probability it gave this was roll mp again after a few years out the party reboots keegan is persuaded to stand again either in chichester or a safer southern seat she's still in her 50s so could do it so I thought that was quite interesting as well and then the private sector queen maker wild card just 15 % of probability that you goes full startup and goes to found her own startup company so I don't know what you make of those actually pretty pretty not bad and all things I've thought of myself I've thought of starting my own business before I went down this political route and in the end I thought it just didn't work at my stage in life my age so I did invest actually in a venture capital fund which then invested in 19 sort of very young businesses so I kind of scratched that itch that that way I am curious and literally could go in in pretty much any direction I think I've probably proven my flexibility my ability to move countries to move industries to move complete fields and to survive um you know the brutal game of politics in a way I mean obviously I lost the seat at the last election but I probably had had a you know very good seven years um in in as an MP and as a government minister so yeah I'm really open and and in the meantime having fun but really open to to what that's going to be and very excited to see what it will be.

1:10:11And it will be, it could be as random as any of those things. A few quick fires to finish off. I think you mentioned this during the interview actually, but what was the first thing you did for money, first job? Well, babysitting actually was the first thing I did for money. I mentioned my huge Catholic family, well, I might not say they're Catholic, but huge family. So I had lots of cousins younger. So the very first thing was probably about the age of 11, 12, when you could then, I was babysitting my younger cousins. And then I worked as a Saturday girl in St. John's Market in a shop selling clothes and shoes.

1:10:45What's the best holiday you've had in the last year? Oh, God, I've had so many. I've been following your Instagram. Actually, you know what? The one that's probably surprised me the most is I went on a cruise on the Queen Mary. And I was not expecting to enjoy it because my husband wanted to go. we cruised back from New York and uh and I we had a ball I really enjoyed it um but you know everything I got back from Barbados last Friday that was great um what car do you drive I have a mini which I had from when I lived in Spain that was my kind of when I came home car so I've still got the same one it's many years old done hardly any miles and a BMW would you ever go electric yes in fact we're looking at um upgrading the mini to electric okay um at the right time a quick thanks to octopus energy for supporting this episode now a lot of people know about octopus for their home energy products i have recommended people switch them for years but what you might not know is that they are now rolling out more products across home and businesses from solar panels ev chargers heat pumps so if you're thinking of upgrading your home or business and you are a Jimmy's Jobs listener, you can ping Jimmy at octopus.energy and get the very latest deals and insights.

1:12:05And if you're already on the journey with Octopus, leave us a comment or a message. I'd love to hear how it's going with their wider products. All right, back to the episode. Do you have solar panels? No, and we have a grade two listed building, so I don't think it's very energy efficient and they wouldn't allow us to have solar panels. Fair enough. We're in the process at the moment, so it's quite interesting. what would be a dream job like if you could be the best at the world in anything sports astronaut I always loved singing and dancing I was never any good at it but yeah if I could you know suddenly morph into Beyonce then yeah strictly yeah I'm not sure I'm not sure although I do think Ed Balls did brilliantly I'd hope to do better than that.

1:12:58I mean, literally, I'm from Liverpool. I danced in nightclubs, right? So, you know, I think I could dance. But yeah, I love all of that thing. But I honestly think being education secretary was pretty much up there in being able to bring all the things you've learned in life to try and help people to get on and have a better life and better opportunities in life. That was a really cool job. Did you ever think or want to be prime minister at all? No. And people say to me how, you know, that very few people, most people want to be prime minister. There's several things. The first is I just didn't think, timing's everything in life.

1:13:45And, you know, particularly as I got in after the Brexit debate and referendum, I just didn't think I would have enough colleagues that would back someone like me. I'm a moderate conservative. I'm never going to pretend to be anything other than what I am. And I just didn't think that I would be the right person at the right time. Other times before or after, maybe I would be the right person at the right time. But I wasn't that my time. I didn't think they were going through a very difficult time or a very different time. So that was the first thing. But the second thing, and this is a personal thing.

1:14:18I hate the idea of being followed by security for the rest of your life. I like being me. I like being anonymous. I like going with mates and sitting on a beach and doing whatever. I like to not be well known, really. So that's something that I think is a personal thing that I'd find difficult. Now, you weren't the first and not the last to potentially tread the route from Liverpool to Real Madrid. Ah, yes, I did. I did. I did. What advice would you have for a certain footballer that may be making the same trip about settling in Madrid? I mean, I loved Madrid. You cannot not love Madrid. Madrid's a city that takes you a little bit of time to get used to.

1:15:06Like Barcelona, you can kind of see what it's got to offer straight away. Madrid, it takes a bit more time. But the people, the nightlife, I mean, you're a footballer, probably you can't do a lot of this stuff. But, you know, the nightlife, the dancing, the I mean, all this sort of traditional Spanish things that you can do. It is a city that on every corner has got a vibrancy about it. And it's still got a lot of independent bars, independent restaurants, independent shops. And, you know, it's it's still got it's still retained a lot of its character. I love it. I love it. It's one of my favorite cities still.

1:15:39one of the reasons that you obviously I started the interview by saying you particularly sort of stuck in my memory um was you giving that great business speech but then I went and looked you up as well and saw that you were from a coal mining family and a catholic as well so it really sort of like stuck with with me um you represented uh the British government at the last pope's funeral just talk us through what's that like it's obviously very sort of topical with everything that's been happening. Yeah, I mean, I was actually on holiday and it was over the Christmas and they asked, you know, if I could represent.

1:16:16So the first thing I had to do was find the right outfit because I had to go to a shop and buy, you know, all the black stuff because I didn't have that with me, which is something they always tell you as a minister and as a cabinet minister, always make sure you've got... But anyway, I hadn't followed that advice. But obviously it's a huge honour and privilege to be able to represent your country. I have been so lucky that I've been to the Vatican a couple of times. I met Pope Francis, had a private audience with him. Then I was lucky enough to go to Pope Benedict's funeral as well. And I actually probably could have gone to this one, but I wasn't here.

1:16:55But there is something so special, if you're Catholic, about the Vatican and about the Pope. and, you know, I'm very much, well, I don't know if I'll ever get to meet the new Pope, but I'm very much looking forward to see what he's going to do and how he's going to take forward his mandate. What was the sort of sheer scale and size of it? I mean, it's one of those, you know, things that, as you were saying earlier, growing up, you know, sort of in Liverpool, et cetera, like you must have slight pinch me sort of moment being there. Unbelievable. I mean, you know, from where I come from, You know, people go to Lourdes, they go to the Vatican.

1:17:35I mean, my mum and her sister have just been and they'll be right at the back, queuing with thousands and thousands of people. And there I am at the front in a seat, you know, sitting next to the prime ministers and ministers from, you know, all the other countries around the world. I'm being, you know, literally very, very close to the Pope. So it is something that is a dream come true for most Catholics. And I also actually took a picture of my nephew who was very ill at the time to get that blessed by the Pope, and they got a picture of that, a shot. So that's a picture that we all have on our walls now, my mum and dad.

1:18:17Everybody has a picture of that because luckily my nephew's now a lot better. Brilliant. Well, that's a lovely way to finish. Dillian, thanks very much for coming on Jimmy's Job as a Feature. It's been a real pleasure. Thank you.

1:18:54I almost couldn't breathe when I saw the discount they gave me on my first order. Oh, sorry. Namaste. Visit 1-800-CONTACTS.com today to save on your first order. 1-800-CONTACTS. The Viore Core Short moves with you. With everyday versatility and classic athletic fit. It's the one short for everything your day brings. Invest in your happiness and get 20 % off your first purchase at viore.com slash 420. That's V-U-O-R-I dot com slash K-O-R-E-2-0. Exclusions apply. Visit the website for full terms and conditions. Hello. Look what TJ Maxx dragged in. The Devil Wears Prada 2 is now streaming on Disney Plus and Hulu.

1:19:44We are digital. We are downloadable. We are streamable. The fashion event of the year is certified fresh. Pull yourself together. We have work to do. Critics say it's smart and witty and the perfect sequel. That's all. Get runway ready for The Devil Wears Prada 2 on Disney Plus and Hulu. Rated PG-13.

From the publisher

From Car Factory Apprentice to Cabinet Minister - Gillian Keegan's Inspiring Journey

Join us on this episode of Jimmy's Jobs of the Future, where we chat with Gillian Keegan, who has had an extraordinary career that spans from working as an apprentice in a car factory to becoming a prominent political figure and Education Secretary. In this engaging conversation, Gillian shares her thoughts on key societal issues, her journey through various industries, the importance of degree apprenticeships, and her experiences in politics. Tune in to hear about her insights on leadership, social care, AI, and her exciting future plans.

00:00 The Fragility of Society

00:18 Gillian Keegan's Political Journey

00:33 Rising to the Cabinet

00:59 Navigating Political Challenges

02:38 Losing a Seat and Moving Forward

04:11 From Business to Politics

04:46 The Importance of Apprenticeships

09:52 Leadership and Strategy

13:13 The Brutality of Politics

14:01 Women in Politics

25:33 Degree Apprenticeships

30:32 Ministerial Roles and Challenges

37:27 Curiosity and Lifelong Learning

38:45 Returning to Education

39:57 Introduction of Key Figures

40:09 Unexpected Cabinet Appointment

41:21 Challenges in Political Leadership

43:37 Teacher Retention Issues

47:06 Impact of Bureaucracy on Professions

01:00:10 AI and the Future of Work

01:02:28 Personal Reflections and Future Plans

01:14:17 Final Thoughts and Farewell

**********

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