US-Iran deal to be signed on Sunday, says Trump

25:29That's the sound of Brazilian football fans. They're warming up in Times Square for tonight's World Cup match. I say warming up because normally the opening match for Brazil would be considered a bit of practice really because Brazil has won the World Cup five times already. Tonight though, their first opponents will be Morocco, until recently considered relative minnows. But this World Cup could be different. Could they stage an upset tonight given the current form of both teams? Let's find out with the BBC's John Bennett who joins us from outside the stadium in New Jersey. John, you're going to be watching the match today.

26:06What's the status of these two teams going into this competition? Well, you're absolutely right about Morocco. They were the underdogs three and a half years ago at the World Cup in Qatar. Shocking the world, really, when they became the first African team to reach the semifinals of the World Cup. The problem is now, though, they have a target on their back. They're not the underdogs. Everybody respects them, including the Brazilian national team. Carlo Ancelotti, the Brazil head coach, was here at the press conference yesterday. saying how highly he rates this Morocco side. So it's going to be a different challenge for Morocco at this World Cup.

26:40As for Brazil, they're trying to end a long time that they've been waiting to win back the World Cup. The last time they won it was way back in 2002. Not good enough when you're a nation like Brazil where the people back home really expect every time they get to a World Cup to lift the trophy. But the atmosphere is sensational at the moment. The Brazil and Morocco fans hearing their numbers. It will be so noisy inside the stadium later. Oh, I can imagine. I mean, just talk us through the Brazil team. You say they're not the strongest team, but they've been beset with all sorts of injury problems as well.

27:13Not least, I think Neymar's not on the pitch tonight, I don't think. Exactly. The big star Neymar, who's had so many disappointments at World Cups. And it looked unlikely that he'd be here at all. He's hardly played really in the last few months, picked up an injury. but the manager did select him because I think he's a hero to many of the young players in the squad so it's great for him to be here even if he's not playing so he's here but he is injured he won't be playing today hopefully he will play for Brazil later in the tournament apart from that the big star is Vinicius Junior of Real Madrid behind him yes there are good players but there aren't any real major stars on the level of Vinicius Junior so a lot will be expected of the Real Madrid attacker today.

27:56Very briefly, John, the other match on this evening, Scotland versus Haiti. I've got skin in this game because I've got Scotland in the NewsHour sweepstake for the World Cup. How is that looking tonight? It's a must win. I think both of these sides will be targeting a win because they know that this is their opportunity with Brazil and Morocco also in their group. They need three points and three points could be enough to take you to the next round. So both of those sides will be targeting a win. It'll be a great atmosphere. So, yeah, there's lots of Haitians in the USA. Many Scottish fans have travelled as well.

28:28So, yeah, that will be an entertaining game to watch. Both teams going for the win. Lots of excitement. Thank you so much for joining us live. That's the BBC's John Bennett there. He's outside the stadium in New Jersey. All the action being reported on the BBC Sports pages, as you would expect.

28:50You're listening to NewsHour Live from the BBC. I'm Rebecca Kesby. Now, the AI developer Anthropic says it's disabled its two most powerful new artificial intelligence model tools, Claude Fable 5 and Mythos 5, after the US government told the company to suspend access to all foreign nationals, citing security concerns that would include foreign nationals that actually work for Anthropic. So what's prompted all this now? What does it mean? Let's get the details with Amrith Ramkumar, who's a reporter for The Wall Street Journal specializing on tech and crypto policy. Amrith, welcome to the program.

29:28First of all, let's explain these tools and why there is this concern about security. Yes, thank you so much for having me. Mythos, this powerful model for Anthropic that started being released a few months ago, has really taken the world by storm. It's a model that's capable of carrying out cyber attacks, but also of identifying software vulnerabilities and can be used for cyber defenses. So for months now, Anthropic has been working with the government on gradually expanding access to a limited group of top companies and governments around the world. And there's been a lot of tension over who should get access to the model.

30:09Earlier this week, the company put out Fable, which is a general purpose version of Mythos. And the idea there was that the public could use it. And when a member of the public asked it about a sensitive topic, like, let's say, biological weapons, the model has safeguards in place, Anthropic says, so that the response wouldn't be unsafe. What prompted the latest outcry essentially was researchers at Amazon, the giant e-commerce company, and a big Anthropik partner and investor, they actually found a way to get around some of those safeguards in the model. And when they told administration officials, people in the White House got very upset.

30:50And so they asked Anthropic to take down this model or make changes to it, and the company refused. So then they turned to export restrictions like the kinds used to limit the flow of advanced AI chips around the world. And they said, no foreign company or government or individual, any foreign born person can't use this model. So Anthropic late Friday night in the US made the stunning decision to say no user can use this stuff while this plays out. So it's really a remarkable, remarkable 24 and 48 hours. Yeah, it's all happened rather quickly, hasn't it? And it is not the first clash that Anthropic has had with the White House.

31:28But it itself, Anthropic, has had its own concerns about security, as you mentioned. And I guess what's concerning about this is that it wasn't unrevealed until it was tested in earnest when it was already live. To be clear, Anthropic says that it's aware of the problem the Amazon researchers found and they don't think it's a huge deal. They think it's a commonly occurring phenomenon and they think it's in line with what other publicly available models like from competitor OpenAI, those capabilities. So this is once again a case of the government in Anthropik appearing not to see eye to eye on how big a deal these security concerns are.

32:12Is it political then? I mean, is this sort of an issue of favoritism or the lack thereof when it comes to Anthropik? That is what some observers say. A few months ago, this happened with the Defense Department and Anthropic fighting about appropriate guardrails over the use of Anthropic's quad models in the military. And the same sort of stuff would happen where Anthropic said it wanted a few guardrails. The Defense Department said it already had those guardrails and Anthropic should just trust it, that they would be followed. And the two sides couldn't agree, and it eventually ended with the Pentagon designated Anthropic a supply chain security risk, which was pretty unprecedented.

32:52And there are now two lawsuits about whether that was legal. This has a lot of the same flavor where Anthropic says it is the most safety conscious conservative AI developer out there, especially in the US. And the government basically is taking this way too far and overreacting by shutting down all foreign access to this model. So we'll see where it goes next. The company responded late on Friday in the US and is supposed to respond again throughout the weekend. Yeah, we will. And briefly, I mean, I guess it leaves Anthropic in an impossible situation because the workforce for these AI companies is totally international, isn't it?

33:34That's absolutely right. They cited in their decision the point that many of their own researchers are foreign-born and wouldn't be able to work on these two models if they were going to comply with this new rule. And that's the case that many other AI companies and tech companies implementing it. And so what this means is critical work on cybersecurity has halted because a lot of people were using Mythos to identify software vulnerabilities and patch them before access was expanded. So we're coming up on 24 hours. We'll see how long this lasts. But you're talking about a lot of money on the line, too, for Anthropic and other companies that rely on these models every day.

34:13So it really is a remarkable government intervention in the AI space. Yeah, one to watch. Amrith, thanks so much for giving us the latest on that. That's Amrith Ramkumar, their reporter for The Wall Street Journal.

34:36President Trump will be celebrating his 80th birthday tomorrow. Happy birthday, sir, if you're listening, though he says he's not really happy about that number. You don't have to wish me a happy birthday because I'm not happy about that birthday that I'm having. That's a number that I never thought really too much about. It's not a number I like, but I'm here nevertheless. Well, how better to celebrate than with a giant no-holds-barred cage fight on the south lawn of the White House. That's what's planned. A huge structure has been set up. It's called the Claw and big names from the world of the Ultimate Fighting Championship or UFC will be taking part in front of a huge crowd.

35:17The plans have drawn some criticism, particularly as Mr. Trump seems to be pinning his own birthday to the 250th anniversary of the United States independence events. But his loyal secretary of state, Marco Rubio, has described it as the United Nations of fighting. The White House is the people's house. It belongs to the people of the United States. The American 250 celebration belongs to the people of the United States. And there are millions and millions of Americans from all walks of life that are not necessarily attuned to politics or the financial markets or anything else, but they love the sport.

35:52And every Saturday, we've got a big event once a month. They're tuning in and they're watching and they host it. For them to be able to see this event with their White House in the background as part of our celebration as a country in our 250 years, I think is a gift to the American people. That's what Sunday is about. It's a gift to the American people. They're going to see their White House and their capital on their nation's birthday celebrating with a historic event. Well, it certainly will be historic, I think. Earlier, I got some details from Michael Shearer. He's a journalist with The Atlantic.

36:24So what can we expect from tomorrow's fight? We're expecting a televised UFC fight. I mean, this happens all the time. The difference is that this is going to be literally in the backyard of the White House, where Marine One helicopter usually takes off and lands from. The event will be broadcast on Paramount, but the government is deeply involved in it. There's a flyover planned. A number of federal agencies have been involved. And then UFC has spent, they've said, about$60 million building this giant rig in the backyard of the White House to actually hold the event. Goodness. How's all this going down with the public?

36:58And is it being funded with public funds? The funding of this is not entirely clear. The actual event is not being paid for by the federal government, but there's going to be a lot of federal expenses that we don't really have clarity on. If there's a military flyover, for instance, whatever other security has been involved. There is a group that Trump and his advisors set up called Freedom 250, which is a nonprofit that has been raising money privately. most of the money that they've been raising is not going to this event, though it may be going to associated events from other companies. UFC, the company that's putting this on, was a big donor last year to the president's birthday parade.

37:39It was to celebrate the 250th anniversary of the army. And Dana White, the head of the UFC, has been a close friend of the president, has spoken at political rallies and things like that for years. So they definitely have a tight relationship as Well, presumably the security bill will be coming out of public funding. I think that's right. But we don't we don't really have a handle on that. It's hard to find out in real time what those costs are. You know, this is sort of kicking off what will be a month and a half of celebrations in Washington around the 250th anniversary of the country. There's a big fair going to be on the National Mall.

38:14There's going to be an IndyCar race, a big Fourth of July fireworks festival, a number of other events Trump is involved in. Some critics of Mr. Trump have said he's using his own birthday to kick off the celebrations around that 250th anniversary of independence for the United States, overshadowing it with his own personality. Can you talk us through how people are saying that's taken place? Yeah, he certainly does feel like as the president, he has the ability and the right to sort of put his mark on this. The U.S. started planning the 250th birthday about 10 years ago. A congressionally authorized commission was founded.

38:53And then last year, they were working with the Trump White House on these events and the relationship kind of fell apart. And Trump kind of went his own way with his own set of events, including this UFC fight. There's been a fight since then over money, you know, congressional money that was supposed to go to or that many thought was supposed to go to America 250, which is the congressional group is now going to Freedom 250 events. You know, there was going to be a concert series this summer on the National Mall. A number of artists who were booked for that concert series canceled when they found out that this was being put on by the Trump organization, not the bipartisan organization.

39:28and Trump sort of was miffed at this and declared that he's going to have basically a political rally on June 24th on the National Mall to kick off his festival, chances are that's going to put a pretty political sheen on the whole event, which was intended initially to be a celebration for all Americans, for the whole country to come together on. And it does seem as if some absolutely enormous names in American music have pulled out of musical events around this time. Yeah. The Commodores, Milli Vanilli was supposed to perform. Trump's replaced them with a guy named Lee Greenwood, a country singer who sings his walkout song and an opera singer he likes.

40:07And he's going to bring some of the military bands to also perform at the event on the 24th. But then there's going to be other events. I mean, the 250th celebrations in the U.S. are really happening everywhere in the country. So Trump is sort of like channeling one arm of this, and he's taking quite a bit of public money to do it. I mean, the other thing that's been happening is he has spent tens of millions of dollars beautifying D.C. in advance of this. And that's all federal money he's using. He wants the city to really look good. What's all this doing for national unity then? So it really will depend on how the president behaves.

40:40I don't think a lot of Americans are paying attention to who's paying for what event. But, you know, when the president announced last July that he was going to take over the National Mall to celebrate America's 250th in that same speech, he said, I hate them about Democrats. So it wasn't really a unifying message. And depending on the president's mood at any given time, you really don't know what's going to come out of his mouth. The organizers of Freedom 250, the president's group, still say they're trying to build sort of a unifying event. But their interpretation of what is unifying often is very polarizing.

41:15I mean, one of the things Freedom 250 has been doing is talking about how we can restore electoral integrity and family rights and things like that. That's partisan rhetoric, and it's put off a number of people. That's Michael Shearer, journalist with The Atlantic then. I'm just having a look at the arena set up on the south lawn of the White House. It's called The Claw. It is absolutely enormous. That event underway. Cage fight for President Trump's 80th birthday tomorrow.

41:50This is Rebecca Kesby with NewsHour live from the BBC World Service in London. Now, there are many dangerous jobs in the world, but surely among them must be the job of being a chef for a dictator. It's the subject of a new documentary being premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival in New York. And here we can have a listen to a flavour of the film. It was the ritual report of the night in the dinner. There was no music. Usually they joke, they smile at us. But when there was a problem, it was a very, very frightening atmosphere because they can be dangerous. That's just a little taster of the documentary.

42:43It's called How to Feed a Dictator. And it looks at the experiences of the personal chefs of Saddam Hussein, Idi Amin, Pol Pot, Augusto Pinochet and Kim Jong-il as well. It gives an insider's view of what it's like to cook for and serve generally as a member of staff, a feared dictator, whether that is by choice or by force. The BBC's Julian Warwicker has been speaking to the film's director, Andrew Neil. Preparing food and recipe is a process with steps. I think that dictatorship and genocide and starvation also is a recipe. And so I was using food as a way to draw people in and then trap them a little bit in this, what becomes sort of a horror, living in this uncomfortable space between something that's very, that's, you know, these decent human beings doing something that you really understand, cooking food alongside the consequences of the system in which they had to work.

43:46And how willing were these people to talk about what they did and how they felt about it? I mean, there were varying degrees. Coco Pacheco was completely fine with discussing his feelings about Pinochet. You know, I mean, there is a sector of the population in Chile that are called Pinochetistas who still believe that Pinochet was a great guy and did all the right things. On the other end of the spectrum, the chef in Iraq, getting him to talk was incredibly difficult. You know, there's a life-threatening situation there. How many of them had a choice, realistically? Once they were there, presumably they felt they had to stay there because by leaving, particularly if you're leaving somebody as ruthless as some of these individuals, you were putting yourself into serious danger.

44:31Stepping out of that situation flags you as a risk. That's what happens. You get trapped in these systems. In the case of Atende, he did and almost got killed. I don't think leaving was an option for Keo Simoon in Cambodia. You know, she had been brainwashed by the regime. I don't think she understood that there was an option or that there should be an option. The Simoon case with Pol Pot is extraordinary because there she is presented with what Pol Pot did. And she doesn't want to believe it, does she? No, I think that 20, 30 years later, she is kind of sticking to the story. Now, that is an act of self-preservation, just morally speaking.

45:13I think it's very hard to face the fact that you may have had a hand in an apparatus that did all of these awful things. And humans naturally need to find a way to justify that for themselves. We have to continue on with our life and we find ways to do that. I also think in her case, like Pol Pot was like her father. He paid to have her married. He fed her. She knew nothing but that from a young age. She was suffering from starvation when she showed up at the Khmer Rouge recruiting center, basically. And, you know, it was an act of survival. Now it's an act of emotional survival. Inevitably, we learn some of the tastes, some of the favorite dishes of some of these dictators.

45:58What stands out for you under that heading? I mean, they ate different kinds of food, right? Some of them chose kind of nationalistic dishes. Some of them just had particularly lavish tastes. I think that the headline there is that no matter how many millions are starving in their country, they're going to eat whatever they want. In a lot of ways, I don't think the dishes themselves say anything about the dictators in particular. Simply, it's the notion that they can have whatever they want, no matter what they're doing to the people around them. Idi Amin was, it was sometimes claimed, capable of eating human parts.

46:43Was that true? I'm pretty sure it was. I'm pretty sure that chef was pretty certain that he was cooking human hearts. It took him a little while to get there in the interview, I think, to basically say as much. You know, there was a tradition of that in some tribes in East Africa. But yeah, I think that he was eating human flesh. The idea of forcing someone to cook a human heart, to put someone in that position is what's so perverse. He knew that if he didn't do it, they would kill him. Like right then and there. And the filming process, I mean, there must have been some very uneasy moments as you actually made this.

47:26It was very challenging. It was challenging emotionally. It was challenging logistically. it was uncomfortable at times from a security point of view. I think we were in countries that still have dictatorships or autocracies or authoritarian governments. They don't really like you talking about this stuff, even though it was a long time ago. And then you have chefs who obviously are uncomfortable with some of these questions. I'll tell you, you know, after a day of shooting, just emotionally too, sometimes I'd go back to my room and just have a cry because it's just awful. So even I mean, they're mostly sympathetic figures, even though some of them might be now believing things that are clearly not true, or they might have been overly supportive of somebody who was clearly doing some terrible things to his own people.

48:13They're largely sympathetic figures. Yeah, this is really important to me. These were decent human beings, decent human beings, people that I liked. I liked all of these people I was speaking with. I was deeply disturbed by some of their points of view. I think that actually is part of the message. It's part of what I hope. I hope the audience also enjoys these just as human beings, like likes the characters, because that's the point, right? Decent human beings can easily find themselves in this compromised situation. It is not the other that ends up doing these awful things. It could be you. It could be me.

48:51What an awful thought. That's Andrew Neil there, director of the new documentary How to Feed a Dictator. He was speaking to my colleague Julian Warwicker. That's it for this edition. Just before we go, quick update on the Anthropics story. Earlier we were hearing the AI developer has disabled two of its most powerful new artificial intelligence tools after the US government said it had security concerns and asked it to suspend access to all foreign nationals. Reuters is now reporting that the US government says it's unlikely to extend the anthropic export control to other AI companies. That news just coming in from Reuters there.

49:33But for now, from all of us here in London, that's it for this edition of NewsHour. Thank you very much for joining us wherever you are in the world.

49:49Thank you.