Venezuelans unite to aid quake victims

15:19Ricardo Hausmann:The silver-cheeked pufferfish, it's one of the fastest spreading invasive species, marine species in the Mediterranean. It was first recorded about 20 years ago off the coast of Turkey. It's now established across much of the eastern Mediterranean and continues to expand westwards, aided by, as you can imagine, warmer seas. The pufferfish is actually a perfect example of how climate change and biological invasions are creating new challenges for both nature and for local economies.

15:46unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:The Hellenic Centre for Marine Research estimates it's costing everyone who fishes in the region about 8 ,500 euros in damages and lost income every year, presumably in fishing communities where margins are tight. Now, the Cypriot authorities, I think, had been subsidising the fishing community off their waters to actually go out and try and kill as many pufferfish as possible. Is that now the sort of thing that Greek fishing communities expect their government to do? There is this meeting today. I mean, has there been any indication that the Greek authorities are sympathetic to this request for help?

16:27Ricardo Hausmann:Yes, the Greek authorities are announcing that they're also going to be doing a similar compensation system. I'd like to just stress here that this is more about supporting the fishers themselves than solving the problem. The problem is a complex problem. It needs to be studied carefully. We need to improve the way we monitor the species spread. We need to invest more in research in innovation, things around better fishing gear, more selective removal methods, research into possible commercial uses that would safely avoid the toxics that these species have because that's one of the most important things.

17:03Ricardo Hausmann:This is a species that actually contains a deadly neurotoxin, a neurotoxin that is actually very dangerous if someone were to eat the fish. That's the only way that we could actually be exposed to that toxin, which means that it's an invasive species that we really cannot use as a source of protein. And finally, of course, we need to try and address the root causes. Ultimately, it's about slowing climate change, improving the resilience of Mediterranean ecosystems, including restoring healthy predator populations, because one of the reasons this species has spread so quickly is that it really has very, very few natural predators out there.

17:41unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:You mentioned in the course of that answer possible alternative uses for the puffer fish. I mean, there are parts of the world, aren't there, where it is regarded as something of a delicacy. How have they overcome the toxin in order to be able to... to serve it, people to eat.

17:56Ricardo Hausmann:Yes, there are a number of species of pufferfish. This particular species is not used anywhere in the world. It's considered to be far too toxic to be eaten, and so that is very dangerous. I know there is research underway to see whether that toxin could be neutralized in a way so that perhaps the species could be used for fish meal or something like that, but it's still in the exploratory phase, and that's why I say it's more important to really intensify our research efforts and look for innovative ways to address this.

18:29unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:How is the marine ecosystem changing as a result of the presence of this invasive species?

18:36Ricardo Hausmann:There are over 1 ,000 right now non-native species that have moved into the Mediterranean, primarily from Suez, from the Suez Canal. This group of species are actually collectively known as Lysepsian migrants. after the engineer Lesseps, the French engineer who constructed the Suez Canal. So we have a large, large number of these species moving into the region. And for species like the puffer fish, when they move into this region with higher temperatures, with very little natural predators to keep their populations in check, the impact on fish populations in particular can be very, very large indeed.

19:15Ricardo Hausmann:And we're just seeing, I think, a small fraction of that in terms of the impact that they have on the fishing industry itself, the fishing gear, etc.

19:24unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:That's marine biologist Dimitris Karivelas of the wildlife charity WWF in Greece. To the Soccer World Cup now and a knockout match in a few hours' time which may evoke conflicting emotions, the game between Morocco and the Netherlands. Many Moroccans emigrated to the Netherlands in the 1960s. Talented children from migrant families could end up playing for the Dutch national team. Now there's every chance they'll appear for the country their parents grew up in, rather than their own. In one of its matches, Morocco became the first team in World Cup history to field an entire starting eleven born abroad.

19:58unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:I've been talking to journalist Hassan Bahara, himself Moroccan Dutch.

20:02Ricardo Hausmann:It's no secret that the presence of the Moroccan Dutch community in the Netherlands has always been a polarising issue. In regards to far-right parties like Geert Wilders, who has been in Parliament for ages now, and who always comes back to this topic about migrant youth causing trouble in the Dutch society. The second is, especially in the last 10 years, you've seen this large group of Dutch-Moroccan talented youth players who arrive at this point in their career where they have to choose between the Dutch Orange team or between the Moroccan team. We had quite a few players in the past like Hakim Ziyech.

20:40Ricardo Hausmann:That's when the discussion around the integration of Dutch-Moroccans has also become quite a polarising issue with a lot of people. When players like that don't choose the Dutch squad, it's explained as not showing enough gratitude for the chances you had in growing up here in the Netherlands.

20:56unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:Because there has been a change, hasn't there? Is it fair to say that 15 years ago, 20 years ago, the son of Moroccan migrants who had moved to the Netherlands maybe in the 60s and then their children were born in the Netherlands would probably give them the choice of wanting to play for the Dutch team rather than the Moroccan team. And that has changed to some extent. Is that fair to say?

21:19Ricardo Hausmann:Yeah, absolutely. It's changed quite a lot. I'm a bit older than most of the players who now make up the team of the Moroccan squad and the Dutch squad. I can still remember the 90s when you had a few players with a Dutch-Moroccan background who had the possibility to play for the Moroccan team and was also considered a B choice when you're not good enough for the Dutch squad. For a lot of places, it was also quite a frustrating experience because of the lack of organization at the Moroccan Soccer Organization. There was all these stories of having to train at poor facilities and stuff like that.

21:51Ricardo Hausmann:But I think it's a project that started, I don't know, when maybe 10, 15 years ago, the Moroccan government and the Football Association. They pumped a lot of money first in scouting young players and second in developing relations with them from a young age. and not only with the players, with their parents and trying to get them to choose for the Moroccan squad. And it looks like it's paid off. Absolutely, in a quite remarkable way, not only because of sentimental reasons, but also because of sportive reasons, I think.

22:21unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:I saw one journalist described it as almost being like a derby match because the links between the two countries are so strong and I see you've described it in another way, I think, as saying it's a bit like the street football that kids played growing up. Yeah, absolutely.

22:35Ricardo Hausmann:There was this moment right after the game that Morocco played against Haiti, I think, in the last game. A Dutch-Moroccan-Amsterdam-born player was asked by a Dutch journalist his feelings about playing the Netherlands in the knockout phase. And his face lit up. He was like, oh, wow, we're going to play the Netherlands. We're all my best friends play. So this connectedness is very, very strong between these two teams.

22:59unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:I have to ask this question you're Moroccan Dutch yourself who are you going to be sporting in the match

23:08Ricardo Hausmann:I was talking with my younger sons earlier today and his mum is Dutch I'm Moroccan born and he was like I'm from Morocco I said it doesn't matter either side wins we win so that would be my answer

23:22unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:a diplomatic answer there from Hassan Bahara himself Moroccan Dutch the match kicks off in what? four hours' time.

23:58Ricardo Hausmann:we answer your questions about this moment and what to expect in the years to come. From the BBC, it's the United States at 2.50. Listen to the global story on bbc.com or wherever you get your podcasts.

24:15unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:Welcome back to News Out. A fossil recovered in the Antarctic 40 years ago, which has been held in an official geology collection in Cambridge, England ever since, has been identified. It's the tailbone of the titanosaur, the largest of the dinosaurs which once ruled the Earth. And that makes it the first dinosaur relic to have been recovered in Antarctica, a continent dinosaurs would have experienced as lush and green. Professor Paul Barrett is a paleontologist at the Natural History Museum in London. He's been telling NewsHour's Tim Franks more about the bone.

24:47Ricardo Hausmann:The bone was actually picked up by a field crew from the British Antarctic Survey in 1985, who were conducting work down in Antarctica looking at the geology. But because they had no fossil reptile specialists on their staff at the time, it basically got left in a drawer, catalogued, and no one had a second look at it.

25:05unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:Why was the second look taken again?

25:08Ricardo Hausmann:A new colleague of mine took over curating that collection, and he does have a background in these kinds of fossils, recognised it as something slightly unusual, and then contacted me, and together we worked to try and find out what this thing actually was. Right. And when you did first look at it, I mean, how long did it take you to think, and with what certainty, this is a dinosaur? Honestly, it didn't take me very long at all. We're very lucky, although we only have a single bone, it has a very characteristic shape. First of all, we know it's a tailbone from its general proportions and overall build.

25:40Ricardo Hausmann:But it has a couple of features. In particular, its back end and its front end have formed this kind of ball and socket joint, which is unique to a particular type of dinosaur. So we were able to narrow down its identification very quickly. Right.

25:53unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:I mean, it is an amazing story, but I have to say one of the things that struck me, there were dinosaurs on Antarctica.

26:00Ricardo Hausmann:Yeah, it's amazing to think when we think of it today as a very cold and kind of difficult place to live. But 80 million years ago, when this dinosaur was alive, it was actually very different. There's no permanent ice on Antarctica at all. And although it would have still been fairly cold in the winter, and this dinosaur may well have occasionally seen snow and would have certainly had some very long dark nights. The continent at that time was clothed in a very lush forest. So plenty of vegetation for those big herbivorous dinosaurs to chew on.

26:29unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:I had absolutely no idea. But nonetheless, I guess finding dinosaur bones in Antarctica is still pretty rare.

26:37Ricardo Hausmann:It is, because obviously it's hard to work there in the first place. The conditions are extremely difficult. So although some other dinosaurs have been found since this one, it's a fairly low number and only around 10 other dinosaurs have been named from the continent in the last 40 years. So it's really hard work finding and extracting those fossils in these very extreme environments.

26:58unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:Well, this is a triumph of perseverance and, of course, of your expertise.

27:03Ricardo Hausmann:Is this now going to go back into the collection or is there sort of further research to be done? For now, it's going to go back into the collection. where it will be looked after for other researchers to look at. But we live in hope that other crews that are going down to Antarctica and doing work there all the time will find some more complete remains and we'll be able to find out a lot more about how this animal looked and something more about its biology and how it lived in these kinds of difficult environments.

27:28unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:That is Paul Barrett at the Natural History Museum in London talking to Tim Franks on NewsHour here on the BBC World Service.

27:45unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:I'm Sean Lay. We're coming to you live from the BBC studios in London with NewsHour. A clinical trial could begin this week of two antivirals which may be effective in treating Bundabugio, the new variant responsible for the latest outbreak of Ebola. They were donated by the US government, which had previously reserved them for American citizens. More than 1 ,000 confirmed cases have been reported in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the DRC. Dr Jean Kassea, head of the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, told the BBC more about the research.

28:18Ricardo Hausmann:We are testing a combination of three drugs, Redemzivir, MBP134 and another one called Inmazeb. We are thinking to start this trial this week, but we have some funding gap and we are trying to see how we can fill this gap. If we get money, we are expecting in the next six months to have the full result of this trial and to have vaccine and also treatment. We are still facing some major challenges in terms of this outbreak and we need to stop that because we have also these people living in the camps where we don't have access and that is the major source of infection.

29:04unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:Dr Jean Kassea. I've been speaking to Bagamba Arali, a community leader in Bruna in the eastern DRC, an area badly affected by the virus. He's working with people who are sceptical of and at times frightened by the emergency medical teams which have been deployed to help them. asked him what it had been like in Bunia at the start of the outbreak.

29:22Ricardo Hausmann:First of all, it was a question of panic because we've heard about Ebola before, but it was not this strain. The Zaire strain, as soon as someone is sick, they start bleeding. But this one here, it resembles malaria and other sicknesses. So it takes a long time for people to really tell whether it's simple malaria or it's Ebola. So for the first month, it was really a question of panic, denial, and people trying to figure out what's going on.

29:55unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:So some people, when they were told this is Ebola, they were a bit sceptical and wondered why people were saying that. Is that fair?

30:04Ricardo Hausmann:Yes, a lot of people were sceptical. And also there was some kind of a break in trust between the leadership and the commoners. There was this kind of conspiracy theory. So they thought people are so maybe medical service people, maybe officers are so corrupt that they are poisoning people in treatment centers and thinking this is Ebola. So instead of going to hospitals, they went to people who treat them with herbs. Right, traditional healers. Yeah, so that was the first reaction. They did not believe it's Ebola. They thought it was simply a scam.

30:43unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:Presumably that meant they weren't very cooperative.

30:46Ricardo Hausmann:Not at all. Even medical people even got attacked when they were trying to trace down the people who have been in contact. So the question of tracing those who have been in contact with the virus, it's now that it's improving where it started. but about 25 kilometers from the town where it's really getting bad. People are still resisting very much. People don't want to come out. They want to find a local solution to something that is beyond their control.

31:18unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:And one of the areas that's particularly sensitive is when somebody dies, isn't it? Because we're told that that could be the point of maximum infectiousness. And so handling bodies and how you dispose of them suddenly becomes a medical issue as well as a question of sort of personal trauma and people wanting to give an appropriate send-off, as it were, to their dead relative.

31:41Ricardo Hausmann:Exactly. In many cultures here, it's a question of respect that you have to give to your dead relatives. So one of them is people believe that when someone dies, their eyes have to be closed properly. They believe that they can't allow their dead relative to become stiff. they believe the person have to be washed and clothed properly and all these things that are done to put the person in a coffin. So there is a lot of handling of the body before burial. So that is really, really spreading the epidemics.

32:17unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:What have you been trying to do to kind of persuade people? How have you been going about it?

32:23Ricardo Hausmann:We've been working with the missionary doctors who inspire more trust And I, myself and other friends, they translated in local languages and we try to respond to all their questions and try to persuade them not to just trust the leaves that people are telling them to drink. They should refer to medical professionals and try to get a better treatment.

32:49unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:Do you think it's starting to work?

32:51Ricardo Hausmann:It's starting to work. Where we started about a month ago, the resistance has really died down. I spoke to the chief today. He said, really, it's going well. But the problem we have, the response is not quick enough. So whenever people call, there are not enough ambulances. So this delay makes people still vomiting in family homes. Sick people might spend the night, although they've called. And also the system is very difficult for common people to navigate. There are about three numbers you have to call. We have hundreds of thousands of IDP people, the people who lost their homes since 2017.

33:37unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:So when you say IDP, you mean internally displaced by fighting? Yes.

33:42Ricardo Hausmann:So we have so many, so many displaced people's camps where people really living. Poverty is at a horrible level. People even can have a piece of soap to wash their hands. They know they should wash their hands all the time, but they don't have access to soap. They know that they should be touching each other, but they are all crap in one place. There are so many people in one place. So all these difficulties are not making it really, it's not really working as it should. It will not work well until there are enough ambulances, until there are enough burial teams. So whenever there is a call, someone can immediately come and collect the sick person.

34:26Ricardo Hausmann:So these are difficulties that we as community leaders we are facing.

34:31unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:That's Bagamba Arali Mbunia in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. The government in the DRC has banned public gatherings in four provinces, including the capital, Kinshasa, as the country battles Ebola. The ban comes ahead of a planned protest in Kinshasa on July 8th against constitutional reform, and opposition figures have called it politically motivated.

35:00unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:Now, for much of this year, relatively little attention has been focused on Gaza. But it's a place that still lies in ruins. Israel's assault on the enclave after the Hamas massacres of October 2023 has left most of Gaza's infrastructure destroyed. The cost of rebuilding it has been estimated by the United Nations at$70 billion. Yet, despite facing extreme difficulties, people are still trying to run businesses and to make a living. Rob Young reports.

35:30unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:akram crouches over a makeshift stove brewing tea in the tent he now calls home he's one of nearly one and a half million people still displaced by the war between israel and hamas as akram sips his tea he and his grandchildren stare at a photo of the house they lost now just rubble.

35:58unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:This was approximately my 21st displacement during the war, from street to street, neighborhood to neighborhood, city to city, and north to south. 21 displacements, suffering and getting to know how to move from one place to another. I spent 58 years working, building it brick by brick and getting the house ready so I could feel settled when I got old, owning a whole property, only to find out that the house was gone, reduced to rubble. Others have been trying to reinvent their livelihoods. Ahmad used to travel the region as an e-sports commentator. But once the borders shut and internet access became very unreliable, he had to adapt fast.

36:43Ricardo Hausmann:Imagine I need to go to Saudi Arabia, but there is no crossing. I obtained the visa but i couldn't go out so i tried to go to go back to content writing and i thankfully i was able to work even from tents even from my tent in the so-called humanitarian area i bring my laptop try to charge it with solar powered systems i have like four small solar powered panels and i charged my laptop with it for like four hours so i can get it fully charged then i go to somewhere with decent internet, like one or two megabits. I try to work from that place, finish my work, send it, then go back. I needed to walk like seven kilometers a day.

37:24Ricardo Hausmann:Then I come back and do the daily chores from making fire to making food to getting to the markets, blah, blah, blah. Why do I have to live under those conditions? Like, why can't I just live normally like the other 8 billion around the world and build an online career, whether it's in Gaza or anywhere else?

37:42unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:Well, for many Gazans, that hardest of questions is whether to stay or go. Om Aya, a graphic designer, has been weighing that choice.

37:51Ricardo Hausmann:I hope to make good progress as a freelancer, maybe go outside Gaza and work with my clients in the same area. This is what I am thinking about, to go out and find my future outside Gaza. Sorry if I'm talking like that, but in Gaza, everything is destroyed. If I stay in Gaza, they will build Gaza in 10 years. Maybe they need 10 years or 15 years to rebuild Gaza. So what I will make in the 15 years here in Gaza, just looking for good place and looking for good food and everything is hard here. So maybe I will return after that.

38:47unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:Across Gaza City, earthmovers grind through piles of waste, loading it onto trucks bound for a new landfill in the south. In neighbourhood after neighbourhood, rubble stretches into the distance. Rebuilding will take years and cost billions. Into this devastation, amid a fragile ceasefire, come competing visions for Gaza's future, including one floated in January by Donald Trump's son-in-law, Jared Kushner, imagining skyscrapers in a new Gaza. Let's just plan for catastrophic success. Hamas signed a deal demilitarized. That is what we're going to enforce. People ask us what our plan B is. We do not have a plan B.

39:27unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:We have a plan. We signed an agreement. We are all committed to making that agreement work. No rebuilding work under President Trump's Board of Peace plan has been started since the ceasefire began eight months ago. Aid agencies say they're doing what they can. The United Nations estimates reconstruction will cost over$70 billion. Israel says no reconstruction can take place until armed groups, including Hamas, disarm, and for now doesn't allow construction materials into the less than half of Gaza that it doesn't control. Rob Young reporting. An Israeli airstrike killed three Palestinians, including a child, in central Gaza on Monday, according to the health ministry.

40:06unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:It says the strike was in Deir al-Bala city in central Gaza, which is under the control of Hamas. An Israeli military official confirmed an airstrike had been carried out, but did not provide any further details. This is News Out from the BBC World Service. I'm Sean Lay. We're going to disappear now, but we will be back in just a minute's time. So do please stay with us.

40:44unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:I'm Sean Lay with NewsHour, coming to you live from the BBC Studios. And we end, as we began this hour, our top story, the calls for Venezuela's government to remove the bureaucratic barriers critics say are damaging the post-earthquake rescue and recovery operation. Speaking to journalists at a briefing a couple of hours ago, Stéphane Djaric, who is the UN spokesperson, said aid operations are taking place in the midst of regular aftershocks. We have had 500 aftershocks. And the latest was this morning, early this morning, a 5.2 aftershocks. So you can understand that we keep on operating in a high-risk environment.

41:22unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:Seven states have been affected. The two that have been affected the most are the state of La Guayra and the capital district of Caracas. As well as fatalities, more than 3 ,000 people are injured and over 12 ,000 have been displaced. More than 2 ,500 buildings and other structures have been damaged, including at least 38 hospitals. G. Ajarmo Yamez, a 30-year-old, is one of the many Venezuelans trying to help without the authorities. He and his friends have been raising money from abroad and then buying things for those in need. They started out by making sandwiches, but then realised there were more useful functions they could carry out.

41:58unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:He's proud of what his countrymen are doing and angry that the authorities are not.

42:03Ricardo Hausmann:It's been very moving and heartbreaking to see this is happening. We've been through so much on our political side. And then this disaster is happening now and it's like getting everything worse. And then you see that this is government's fault, that these people have died because we were not prepared as a country to have rescuers or have the structure to find people on the fallen buildings.

42:35unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:But I suppose the other difficult thing right now is that now it's, what, five days after the earthquake struck, the chances of people being able to find anyone alive have now got really remote, haven't they?

42:48Ricardo Hausmann:The Mexican rescuers got here and they said that from their past experience they found people alive 10 days after the earthquake. So yeah, of course, a lot of people have this kind of faith or hope to find more people alive. But as you said, it's getting more and more difficult.

43:09unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:Let's talk about the fundraising efforts you and your friends have been making. What have you been doing?

43:15Ricardo Hausmann:Okay, so this started with a friend from high school. He lives in Miami and he said, hey man, I want to donate. I want to give you guys$500 to buy some supplies. We started from there and we started posting on social media the things that we were doing with that money that he gave us. And people are starting to donate, you know, to help from Spain, United States, Europe, Canada, Argentina, Chile. So yeah, we right now have raised over$15 ,000. Wow. And yeah, and that's all family and friends. I mean it's all we can do to help because we were very lucky to not lose anything

43:57unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:Has it given you hope to see so many people in Venezuela helping each other?

44:04Ricardo Hausmann:Yeah, it's very comforting and it's very hard moving to see everyone like it's not just us you go to the supermarket and everyone is buying supplies to donate you go to the pharmacy and it's the same you go to shelters and there's a lot of people helping you can feel it on the street There's a lot of solidarity also. When the government doesn't help, the people will rise. All of this has been made with civil people, normal people that have some friend or some family in La Guayra and go there and take the stones with their own bare hands, you know, and try to find help everywhere they have, all social media.

44:49Ricardo Hausmann:So yeah, it's been very hard to see, but what you said, it's been very faithful to see that we are this kind of human.

44:59unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:Does it make you more angry about the government? Oh, for sure.

45:03Ricardo Hausmann:For example, yesterday I went to one of the fallen buildings in Los Palos Grandes. That is one of another ones that fell in Caracas. the whole area is blocked and only like of course volunteers or people are helping can go in but everyone that's helping it's civilians the cops or the police is just like they're not doing anything and you can see lots of videos of civilians saying like what are you doing with your gun please just come here and pick rocks with us what's getting me like really that is really crazy that But it's not just one police that is not doing anything. They have 15 police there that are doing the same exact stuff.

45:52Ricardo Hausmann:None of them are doing anything. So these videos are like, please come help. Where are the people that you should be helping? Why do you have guns if this is a humanitarian crisis? And they get all the credit. and then they say, oh, we've found alive any quantity of alive people.

46:11unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:And it's like, no, you're not. The people who found them were the ones who got their hands dirty and started digging.

46:17Ricardo Hausmann:For sure. For sure that they have a family there, their mom, their kids. Yeah. There's no like support of the government that could say like, okay, yeah, we're going to demolish your buildings and build another one and you can still live there.

46:33unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:You're homeless. I just want to ask you one more question, just to clarify what you said earlier, just to make it clear for people listening what you're describing. If the authorities, if the people in uniform aren't digging up the bodies, who is digging up the bodies?

46:48Ricardo Hausmann:the civilians, not me, but people, just normal people that want to help. It's everyone's problem, you know? There's been a lot of volunteers that go every day to La Guayda and stay there for hours digging up with hopes that they're going to find people. And it's very hard because, of course, those people are not prepared. They're not rescuers. They didn't study that. They don't have any experience. And then they have to take off dead bodies, you know? It's very hard, like, for their, of course, mental health. Even taking off their own relatives, you know, it's very hard, very, very hard. Yesterday, when I went to this Petunia building, it was that there were a bunch of guys, 20s, 30s, lining up to go dig from the crumbles of the building.

47:41Ricardo Hausmann:And they were like, seriously, they were organized by themselves, of having turns on like 30 people go in for an hour and then other people go in for an hour. That's organized by themselves. And you can see all of these guys wanting to help just waiting there on the line to go and hopefully find some more buddies. I see that and I'm like, oh my God, I would love to help. But of course, on my end, I have this responsibility. You have to raise money.

48:10unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:Yeah, you're raising money. We have to spend money, yeah.

48:14Ricardo Hausmann:Yeah, so I understand that my role here is, okay, I have the luck to have raised this kind of money and we have to spend it.

48:23unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:That's Guillermo Llamez in the Venezuelan capital, Caracas. I'm Sean Lay. This has been NewsHour. Do join us again. Goodbye.

48:45unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:When you hear the phrase made in China, what do you think? I'm Tristan Redman.

48:50Ricardo Hausmann:And I'm Asma Khalid. And together we host the Global Story podcast from the BBC. And today on our show, we look at the origins and evolution of made in China, because it actually wasn't inevitable.

49:02unknown Venezuelan fundraiser:What we're talking about is the world's largest communist nation is at the beating heart of the capitalist system. For more, listen to The Global Story on bbc.com or wherever you get your podcasts.