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Podcast Summary: On Purpose with Jay Shetty - Episode Featuring Dan Buettner
Episode Overview In this episode of "On Purpose with Jay Shetty," the host interviews Dan Buettner, a best-selling author and explorer known for his research on longevity and well-being. Buettner discusses his findings from studying the "Blue Zones," regions in the world where people live significantly longer and healthier lives. The conversation emphasizes practical insights, shared habits, and cultural practices that contribute to longevity.
Key Themes and Discussions
- Understanding Longevity
- Definition of Blue Zones: Areas where people live to 100 years or older.
- Research Background: Buettner's work began with a 1999 WHO study on Okinawa, Japan, which highlighted the longest-lived populations.
- Genetic Influence: Only about 20% of life expectancy is determined by genetics; the other 80% is influenced by environment and lifestyle choices.
- Common Factors in Blue Zones
- Diet:
- Predominantly plant-based foods.
- Key components include:
- Whole grains
- Beans
- Greens
- Seasonal fruits and vegetables
- Meat Consumption: Minimal; about five times a month.
- Social Connections:
- Strong emphasis on community and social interactions.
- Having at least three close friends can add about eight years to life expectancy.
- Purpose and Clarity:
- Cultural terms like "Plan de vida" (Costa Rica) and "Ikigai" (Okinawa) highlight the importance of purpose.
- Purpose is often linked to social contributions, not just personal pursuits.
- Environmental Influence on Health
- Urban Design:
- Walkable neighborhoods promote physical activity.
- Examples of successful cities include Santa Barbara, Boulder, and Madison, which have implemented policies favoring health.
- Food Environment:
- Marketing often promotes unhealthy options.
- A call for cities to adopt policies that encourage healthy eating and physical activity.
- Practical Tips for Longevity
- Eating Habits:
- Stop eating when 80% full (concept of "hara hachi bu").
- Slow down meals to allow for proper digestion and fullness recognition.
- Social Activities:
- Encourage group activities which promote health, such as walking groups or community sports (e.g., pickleball).
- Create opportunities for meaningful interactions, replacing screen time with social time.
- Stress Management:
- Importance of social support in coping with stress, which is linked to healthier decision-making.
- Addressing Misconceptions
- Superfoods and Diet Programs:
- Be wary of products marketed as health solutions; most contain added sugars and processed ingredients.
- Focus on whole, unprocessed foods instead.
- Policy Recommendations
- Community Engagement:
- Residents should advocate for policies promoting healthful living.
- Examples of initiatives include "complete streets" policies, which enhance walkability and accessibility.
Conclusion
- Final Thoughts: Dan Buettner emphasizes that longevity is less about radical lifestyle changes and more about consistent, small improvements over time.
- Takeaway: Listeners are encouraged to reflect on their social networks, dietary habits, and community involvement to enhance their quality of life and longevity.
Resources
- Book: "The Blue Zone: Secrets for Living Longer, Lessons from the Healthiest Places on Earth" by Dan Buettner.
- Website: [Blue Zones](https://bluezones.com) for community resources and further insights.
This episode blends scientific research and practical advice, inviting listeners to rethink their lifestyles for improved health and longevity.
Written by AI. May contain mistakes. Listen to the episode to check what was said.
Transcript
Automatic transcript. May contain errors.0:00This is an iHeart Podcast. I'm Radhi Dvlukia and I'm the host of a Really Good Cry podcast and I have the opportunity to talk to Logan Uri if you're out there trying to date right now being ghosted on Hinge or want to create a dating profile that gives you a solid chance of matching with someone you actually want to go on a date with then this episode with Hinge's Director of Relationship Science Logan Uri is definitely for you Relationships do require work the best relationships are people who really work on them together Listen to A Really Good Cry on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.
0:59offers a path to longevity that's enjoyable. Before we jump into this episode, I'd like to invite you to join this community to hear more interviews that will help you become happier, healthier, and more healed. All I want you to do is click on the subscribe button. I love your support. It's incredible to see all your comments and we're just getting started. I can't wait to go on this journey with you. Thank you so much for subscribing. It means the world to me. The best-selling author and host. The number one health and wellness podcast. On Purpose with Jay Shetty. Hey everyone, welcome back to On Purpose, the number one health podcast in the world.
1:38Thanks to each and every one of you that come back every week to become happier, healthier, and more healed. Now, I love sitting down with people who have deeply studied, obsessed, and excavated insights and ideas for us. people who have focused deeply on mining the world, traveling the world and finding wisdom, finding tenets of ideas and concepts that can transform the way we live in the modern world. And today's guest is someone I've had on the show before, but I am so excited to see him again. After around four or five years it's been since we were last together, I'm speaking about Dan Buettner, an Explorer, National Geographic Fellow, award-winning journalist and producer and New York Times bestselling author.
2:24Dan discovered the five places in the world dubbed Blue Zones Hotspots, where people live the longest, healthiest lives. In Dan's new book that I have right now, The Blue Zone, Secrets for Living Longer, Lessons from the Healthiest Places on Earth, Dan talks about his travels and journeys of living and learning from people all over the world that we'll dive into today. I want you to grab a copy of this book. It beautifully synthesizes and summarizes really complex and difficult ideas and really, really simple and beautiful ones in a way that you can practice them and bring them to life in yours and the people you love.
3:05Welcome to the show, Dan Buechner. Dan, thank you for being here. You're such a master. It's a complete joy to see you again and to be here in your studio. Yeah, and congratulations on your documentary too on Netflix. I mean, it's been received exceptionally well. If anyone hasn't seen it yet, make sure you go and see that and get the book at the same time. It's so beautiful because when we met, you'd been dedicated to this work for so long already. And the fact that it's now having another resurgence and, you know, it's becoming even more mainstream, which I love because I think these ideas need to be mainstream.
3:37Talk to us just about how long you've been fascinated and obsessed about this journey and how amazing it is. You just said a moment ago outside to me, you said, you know, I thought the work had had its course, but here it is again. It's timeless. 1999, I read a study in the World Health Organization finding that Okinawa, Japan produces the longest lived disability-free lives in the world. And I thought, aha, that's a great mystery. And it did a very quick expedition there and became personally on fire about the topic. and then in 2004 I got an assignment from National Geographic and a grant from the National Institutes on Aging and wrote a cover story for National Geographic and the idea here Jay was you know so many it's very hot in Silicon Valley right now to search for longevity hacks or anti-aging nostrums and so forth and instead of looking for secret to longevity in a test tube or some sort a genetic code, we very methodically found these five areas where people are living measurably longer.
4:44And then because only about 20 % of how long we live is dictated by our genes, 80 % of something else, then we took teams of scientists to find the common denominators and the correlates. And I think the reason the Netflix series is resonating so much right now is because in our fast-paced world where we're constantly looking for answers in technology, we've overlooked this wonderful repository of time-honored wisdom that if we stop, pay attention, you can see not only is there plenty of evidence that these approaches work, but also it offers a path to longevity that's enjoyable. Absolutely. And I'm so happy that you're shining a light on that because I think it's so interesting how obsessed we can get and even how stressed we can get about our health.
5:34And almost when you go back to these very grassroots ways and methods and approaches, it's so much more natural and organic. But walk us through that. You said 20 % is genes. What's the other 80 %? Maybe 10 % is healthcare. You know, how good your insurance is, how much access you have to hospitals and doctors. But the other 70 % or so, I argue it is largely your environment. We spend over$150 billion a year on diets and exercise programs. But if you look at the duration of how long those last, it's measured in months or maybe a year and a half or so. And when it comes to longevity, there's no short-term fix.
6:11There's no pill, there's no supplement. It is the sum of lots of small improvements to your lives aggregated over decades. That's what works. And I've been shown nothing else that can work in the short run. So that 70 % is how you set up your environment so that you are unconsciously nudged to do things that favor longevity and nudged away from the things that we know take away from health and vitality. That's kind of the general idea. And I love that idea about environment. I think the challenge is today that a lot of us would find that environments we grow up in or environments we live and work in are almost set up against longevity.
6:53Yes. Would you agree with that? and what are some of the ways in which we almost have to not fight, but we have to almost defend, protect, and create environments to grow and be abundant in? So we're in Los Angeles right now. I happen to know that the average Angeleno spends 47 hours a year, not just in traffic, stopped in traffic. In places that are walkable, where there are bike lanes, where there are nice wide sidewalks with trees, so they're aesthetically pleasing, cleaned up playground, the physical activity level of the entire community is 20 % higher. So we live in an age-shered nation where fewer than 24 % of people get the minimum amount of physical activity, which is only about 20 minutes.
7:35So just by living in a walkable neighborhood, you're probably going to get more physical activity over the long term than you are signing up for a gym. The other problems our food environment you know we evolved with uh genetic hardwiring to favor salt favor sugar yearn for fat and take rest whenever we can that served us very well in in an environment of scarcity and difficulty like we evolved in but now we live in this environment where we're never more than five steps away from a salty snack or soda or hamburger or pizza and you know our genes lust for that. And we can try to deploy discipline or presence of mind to overcome it three or four times, but the sixth time you're confronted by it in a day, you know, that discipline muscle wears out and next thing you're, you know, eating that Snickers or digging into that bag of chips.
8:27And it's hard to wag your finger at Americans and say, it's your responsibility to eat healthy when 97 out of 100 choices out there for most people aren't healthy. I want to dive into all the lessons and the insights that we can make shifts. How have you found people being able to apply the Blue Zones work in their modern lives, in these big cities, in places where 97 out of 100 options are unhealthy or toxic or whatever they may be? What examples have you seen? And what have you learned about people actually making changes and transformations in their life? So I have two answers. And first, I'll take it at the community level.
9:08So my daytime job for most of the last 13 years has been working with cities. We're publicly endorsed, but privately funded. So we don't get involved with people worried about spending tax dollars. We've gone into cities like Fort Worth, Texas, Naples, Florida, Jacksonville, the whole state of Hawaii. and instead of trying to get people to try to convince people to eat mostly a plant-based diet and get physical activity we work with city council to help them identify policies that favor healthy food over junk food that favor the pedestrian over the motorist that favor the non-smoker over the smoker and we don't come in telling cities what to do nobody wants to be told what to do we bring them menus and then we go through every item on that policy menu and assess it for number one, effective.
9:57Do people in this room from the public and private sector think it would be effective in this city? And two, is it feasible? Is there enough sort of political equity to get these things done? And in every city, we're able to find a half a dozen to a dozen policies that float to the top and my team could get implemented. And that's the biggest. According to the CDC, the most powerful lever we have to create a healthier America is policy. It's the most cost effective. But then we also have a Blue Zones certification program for restaurants, grocery stores, workplaces, and schools. And over five years, we can usually get 30 to 40 % of those places to agree to optimize their designs and their policies so people mindlessly move more, eat better, you know, cafeterias are healthier with healthier choices, socialize more.
10:49We all know loneliness kills and then no one lived their purpose. And it only works when you're comprehensive. And from the time people wake up till the time they go to bed, they are nudged, unconsciously nudged into slightly better behaviors over the period of decades. And in every city we worked in and Gallup measures this, we've seen the obesity rate go down, life satisfaction go up and health care go down a lot and in a country where we're spending 4.4 trillion dollars on health care that's an important consideration yeah absolutely i mean it's incredible to have these very i love how you're approaching it almost from a very macro level like in the sense of it's not just about micro habit changes it's about redesigning entire cities or reformatting entire cities which which i was fascinated when we first met and you walked me through the models and I remember you showing us how you were thinking parks and spaces could be redesigned and how schools and homes and how they all need to be close to each other and I was thinking wow this is it's such a practical but macro level I want to dive into some of these areas because I want to give people a small tour of this beautiful book that you've created and of course highly recommend that everyone grabs the book for all the full details but the blue zones are Sardinia, Nicoya, Loma Linda, Ikaria, Okinawa and Singapore and so they're not necessarily the most they're not predictable and they're not places that you'd go oh yeah i know that place like of course those people live a long time they're they're they're and i've only been to i've been to sardinia before and i remember going and meeting with some of the people then i was totally blown away i've been to singapore before and i met some local individuals but i wanted to dive into a couple of areas that i highlighted so i want to talk a little bit about about a few things that may sound counterintuitive to people.
12:41One of these ones was the plant-based diet, because I think a lot of people, right now there's a lot of debate over plant-based versus meat-based diet, but this was something that you saw across the board as quite a strong indicator of longevity. I think people should eat what makes them feel the best, and I'm not here to tell people what to eat, but I'm also right for National Geographic, and my feet are held to the fire. So if I want to talk about a diet of longevity, our process was to aggregate dietary surveys in all five blue zones. Universities go out and find what the population is eating.
13:20And we did that for over the past 80 years. So 155 dietary surveys over 80 years. So we know what a centenarian was eating when they were 20 and what they're eating when they were newly retired. And recently, I had oversight from Harvard to do what's called a meta-analysis. and if you really want to know what a centenarian has eaten most of his or her life uh it is about 90 to 95 percent whole plant-based food uh contrary to sort of the popular keto diets and so forth it's very high in carbohydrates but complex carbohydrates carbohydrates both jelly beans and and lentil beans are carbohydrates and obviously you know in a way carbohydrates is the worst word in the nutritional dictionary because I would argue simple carbohydrates like jelly beans are the most toxic components of our diet, whereas beans is the most healthy.
14:11The five pillars of every longevity diet in the world are whole grains, greens and other garden vegetables. It's all seasonal. Tubers like sweet potatoes. In Okinawa until 1970, about 65 to 70 % of all the calories consumed were from purple sweet potatoes. Nuts as a snack. And then the cornerstone of every longevity diet in the world is beans. And if you're eating a cup of beans a day, it's probably worth about four years of extra life expectancy. They do eat meat. And I readily acknowledge that. The Adventists don't all eat meat. But in all blue zones, on average, they were eating meat about five times per month.
14:50The average American eats about 220 pounds of meat a year, which is just too much. I think there's plenty of evidence to show that that level of meat consumption is highly associate it with about a doubling or tripling of your chances of cardiovascular disease and even type 2 diabetes. In blue zones, they might be consuming 20 pounds of meat a year, and it's a celebratory food. It's usually from an animal that's had a pretty decent life, not to say that that justifies killing it, but it's just a whole different way of consuming between meat and much lower quantities. So is there room for meat in people's diet?
15:31Probably, but a lot less than I think we're consuming. Yeah. And I love how you've connected. And I mean, the amount of analysis that's been done is truly remarkable. And obviously the amount of years, the fact that you know what someone is eating at 20 years old and what they've eaten for their whole life is pretty phenomenal. One of these ones that you had here was laughing with friends and you know i think laughter is laughter and crying both are such underestimated emotions and expressions and i almost feel like i wonder if every one of us who's listening and watching right now did a personal audit on how much we laughed per week oh yeah i'd be intrigued to see how many of us and i would love that everyone who's listening and watching just for the next seven days, it sounds like a stupid activity and maybe this makes you laugh and that's great.
16:22Write down how many times you truly laughed, not just like ha ha ha, but like truly laughed every day. What did you discover about the importance of laughter? Because that sounds like such a subtle, soft, small thing, but you put it in the book. I'm Radhi Dvlukia and I'm the host of a Really Good Cry podcast and I have the opportunity to talk to Logan Ury. Logan is a dating expert, a behavioral scientist, a best-selling author and someone who is seriously changing the way we think about love and dating. In our conversation, we talk all things dating that Logan has studied and tested from what to put in your dating profile, the pictures you should and shouldn't be using to the conversation starters that actually work and the huge no-nos that people probably do not realize are reducing their chances of success on apps.
17:04Whether you're single, dating, or just trying to be more intentional in love, Logan offers the kind of clarity we all need. relationships do require work and the best relationships are people who really work on them together they're so focused on if i find the perfect person then i'll have the perfect relationship instead of understanding really that they can choose someone great and then build that relationship together they don't need to keep searching for perfection listen to a really good cry on the iheart radio app apple podcast or wherever you get your podcast well it's hard to quantify quite honestly but where that comes from the word sardonic which is a type of kind of slightly biting but good-natured humor comes from sardinia and it very much pervades the culture there there's a lot of sort of ribbing good-natured ribbing of each other and that's sort of a social currency so when they get together at the end of the day for their glass of wine or two it's usually they're not sitting around griping about politics or what the left is doing or what the right is doing.
18:04They're poking fun of each other, the shepherd over the hill. And so that was, that's an anecdotal observation, but it just seemed to be one of the propellants of a very hearty and healthy social life. I wrote the cover story for National Geographic in 2005. I don't think anybody was connecting social, the quality of your social relations with health or longevity until my first articles and books were. And I think there's a general realization that transcends blue zones that, you know, if you could put the health full properties of a good social life in a tablet, it would be a billion dollar blockbuster drug.
18:49Having at least three friends who you can laugh with, who care about you on a bad day is worth about eight years of life expectancy over being alone. And I don't know of any other supplement or pill that will give you anywhere near that. We inherently know that. Like when someone hears that, they sound, yeah, I have three friends. But I think like you said, it's the topic of conversation. It's the energetic exchange. It's the vulnerability and the depth of that relationship that seems to be stifled. Like you're saying, like we're all searching for the magic pill, but you're saying actually just having three friends that you can call on a bad day is actually going to increase your life expectancy greater than any pill you could take.
19:34Which just to think about that for a second, like you make it sound so easy, but that's a really powerful point. But we maybe don't engage as effectively with three people in our life. Where have we gone wrong in that social space? What did you kind of come across? There's this great Harvard researcher named Robert Putnam. He wrote a book called Bowling Alone. And when he first wrote it in the late 80s, he calculated that the average American has three friends. Now, he now calculates we're down to under two. So we may think that we're socially connected, but as a nation, we're getting less and less socially connected.
20:09And I think part of it is this thing right here. We're using this as a proxy for the face-to-face conversations like we're having right now, which isn't nearly as good. Part of it's our environment. We spend about twice as much time in our cars than we did in 1980. If we're in our cars, we're not out walking, interacting with people and having those serendipitous social interactions that can lead to friendships. We spend four and a half hours a day at least interacting with our screens. Yet again, another time taken away from social interaction. And we are humans. The reason why we're successful over other simians is that we have this capacity to feel empathy for each other, to cooperate with each other.
20:53And at the end of the day, most things that feel good favor our health and our longevity. That's why we get hungry and it feels good to eat or, you know, we get that little urge and it feels good to have sex. These are all things that sort of favor the thriving of our species. Yeah, I want to pick a few things that really resonated with me there. First is, you spoke about serendipitous moments. And I think that that's such a, again, it's become so random or rare now to bump into someone at a grocery store and start a conversation. we're in a line at anywhere whether it's the doctors whether it's a store whatever it may be and everyone's on their phone and it would be rare or actually we'd see it as weird if someone said hello to us we'd kind of look around going are you okay like what do you need it would be uncomfortable and i actually think that when those synchronous or serendipitous moments happen where you kind of have a moment of surprise or delight or you bump into someone that feels familiar i had this happen to me through a work thing last week we were going on a work project one person on the team hadn't come to an event yet we hit it off immediately and it felt like serendipity and it was through work and i was just like i want to build a relationship with this person and i often feel that way and because i moved country and i moved city so i moved from london to new york to now la i've had the positive pressure of having to rebuild community and i remember when i moved to New York and then moved to LA, I said to my wife, I was like, we're not just, I'm not just trying to build my career.
22:28I want to build community at the same time because you can't really have one without the other. I could have an amazing career here, but if I don't have community, how meaningful is my career going to feel? And so they were both pursuits and efforts. And I remember having this really, and I still do it today and I'm 36 years old and I'm not shy about it. If I connect with someone or if I enjoy someone's company, I'll just say, hey, do you want to come over for dinner let's hang out and i try and avoid going out for dinner and i try and avoid going to bars and restaurants because i find them to be loud i find them to be impersonal and i find them also to be short like you go out for dinner for an hour and a half and then everyone look at their phone and leave and i almost think that if there's someone that i deeply want to connect with i'd rather meet them one-on-one and if they can come over to my apartment or my home or whatever it may be that intimate time and ordering food in kind of creates more time you're now going to spend three hours with someone, it's likely that you're going to extend that period of time.
23:22And another thing that's been massive in helping me is I think often we hide in groups. So we go out with big groups. We go out with 20 people. We go out with 30 people and you then end up having, or you go out with six people and you end up having five shallow conversations as opposed to one or two deeper ones. Now, I'm not saying I don't hang out in groups. I do and I enjoy it. And my wife and I throw regular game nights and we love that kind of stuff. But I also crave deep intimate valuable conversation as well and i know my friends do and so to me i've i've tried really really hard and sometimes you know you wear your heart on your sleeve and you say to someone hey do you want to hang out and they're like no and and it's okay because i feel like if if i do feel that with someone and someone feels it back with me that's the beginning of a beautiful friendship as an adult and i feel like we make less friends as adults than obviously we did as kids and especially for men especially oh yeah interesting go ahead sorry no and i'd actually like to explore this idea of the positive pressure to socialize i think there are a lot of americans who would love more social interaction it's just hard and i'm wondering what you like if you're a middle-aged american living in iowa in a small town how would you use this positive pressure and actually start to build network or build meaningful relationships?
24:46I find places of equal value, and that could be a bar, a restaurant, a pool bar, a darts place. I don't know. I'm thinking places that people in England definitely go to connect. Like, you know, I think sports. To me, finding, this has happened recently to me here. And I know this is in Iowa, but the idea of I have made - Almost. I haven't made, I have made so many new friends simply playing pickleball. So pickleball has taken over the nation. I go to a local park, like literally 10 minutes down the road. I go there and I play. And if we've lost a doubles partner or whatever, we'll go up to someone random or someone will come up to us and say, Hey, are you guys looking for another pair?
25:27And we're like, yeah, sure. And all of a sudden you're on a text thread and you're all friends and you're playing pickleball together twice a week and so i found that sports places of equal value i think charities and give back opportunities are amazing places i think there are so many social networks inside a city that we're not even aware of obviously people's schools and your children's schools and communities i think there are just so many opportunities to meet like-minded people and i think if we go there wanting to connect and find people of equal value i think it's possible and so I don't know I've never been to Iowa so I can't speak specifically for there but I definitely feel like it's great stuff yeah getting into places of yeah finding tangents to connect on I don't think you're going to bump into someone at a grocery store I don't think you're going to bump into someone on the street anymore it doesn't work like that but you will bump into someone if you went to a class a course a program an event I went on a world tour this year we went to nearly 40 cities across the world and I had people who turned up to my show single alone came by themselves and left with a group of friends right like and that's that i think that's possible but because you're going to a place where you feel safe and they share interests obviously sharing exploring what you're and probably sharing values exactly yeah it's just that you know we're sort of relentlessly marketed that the path to health is through this diet program or this exercise program or these supplements or a longevity hack and the realization that quality social interaction is probably better for your health than any of those things.
27:01Marketers can't make money off of it, so you don't hear about it. To your point about pickleball, I think it is the most important social innovation that America has seen in the last three decades. I'm also a pickleball fanatic. Oh, I love it. Yeah, and we have this place where I'll just show up at nine o 'clock in the morning alone, and within 10 minutes, I'm playing a game. And often, because there's so much kind of talking back and forth. By the end of it, I have the seeds of three new friendships. And after three months, it's a community. I think it's a wonderful thing. A few other things that have worked for me.
27:36This past summer, I visited Minnesota some. I want to expand my social circle. So I started, I just went through my own context, just one by one and thought, yeah, that's a person who's A, healthy, and I'm interested in, and I'd like to get to know. and I just made Tuesday and Thursday afternoons lunch days because it was a low bar, you know, for me to ask somebody to come to lunch with me, I'll pay, you know. And instead of investing in a diet program or something or, you know, some supplements, I, you know, had eight lunches. And out of that eight lunches, three of those people are, you know, more of a, I would say, in my immediate social circle now.
28:16So there's ways to do that. Yeah, that's brilliant. Super practical. Another one that stuck out, and I want to go into so many more, but this one kind of on that community element and again potentially more anecdotal but but really powerful and a big part of how we lived in the monastery and and how i was raised celebrating elders and i i love that idea because my wife's one of my wife's favorite people in the world or her favorite person in the world is her grandmother who's thankfully still with us and she loves celebrating her she loves spending time with her she loves learning from her she a few years ago she sat down and interviewed her just for herself so she'd have those memories to hold on to her grandma's experiences.
28:56She went and asked her grandmother to share with her old photos and all of this kind of stuff. When I think about my monk teachers who are twice my age and celebrating them and being present with them and learning from them, I think celebrating elders is such a part of society that's completely been lost, but especially in Sardinia that stood out. Walk us through what you saw there it's very easy to map perspective of elders as as a longevity strategy for a community so you go into these sort of old man uh bars up in the mountains and instead of seeing the sports illustrated uh the swimsuit of the month you know uh you would see the centenarian of the month and they actually have that yeah yes in uh in uh bon eye it's called in in the cluster the blue zone.
29:42I mean, that's just an outward manifestation. But in Sardinia, it would shame the family to put your aging parent in a retirement home. So they all stay nearby or usually living in the home. And they're not just recipients of care. I think a lot of people are afraid of that. They're expected to participate. So the women are helping with child care. They are the keepers of the food tradition uh the men you know they're still advising when to plant when to sow they know how to make that wonderful blue zones wine which has the very high levels of antioxidants so it's this beautiful virtuous circle where older people are told they matter they're they're given a reason to get up in the morning to take their meds to stay physically fit to eat right so they're living longer and then there's something called the grandmother effect that shows that a household with a grandmother living in it, or at least nearby, grandfather or grandmother, those children have lower rates of mortality and lower rates of disease.
30:45So this circle is what sort of, think of it an upward ratcheting of the life expectancy of the whole community. And that becomes harder, like even for us, like we've moved away. We're not close to our own parents. And of course our grandparents are getting older as well. And it's harder when you've, the world is growing and the world is getting bigger and you're moving and traveling more, is there a way of keeping that connection through phones, through FaceTimes, through visits? Can it still have a similar impact? Yeah. Or even more immediate, have a surrogate grandparent. There's a Yale researcher named Becca Levy who found that just having a positive attitude towards aging lowers your mortality by about 40%.
31:28And part of that is having older people in your life and learning from their wisdom and honoring it, not forcing them to retire, but finding a way for their wisdom to put work, even though they might not have as much fluid intelligence as they had when they were 30. Yeah, absolutely. Yeah, no, I have a lot of, that makes me feel really good. I'm really happy you brought that up as such a research point. I definitely have people in LA that I see as those elders in my life and in my world that can replace those people that I don't always have access to. That's really powerful. A couple of things that I want to surprise people with, because this was huge, a couple of fun ones.
32:06This ideal to drink seven cups of green tea a day. I think this was on your TikTok. Seven cups of green tea. Talk me through that. That sounds like a lot. Hard to do. I was just in Kyoto last week with a researcher who actually very clearly mapped it to frailty. seven is ideal but as little as three cups of green tea a day uh is associated with about four extra years of healthy life expectancy and we don't know why i mean you can you can guess it's probably the antioxidants or the ketchikins they call but it or there's there's probably 1500 compounds in green tea we don't know for sure but green tea's been around for a long time and it's consumed daily in volume by at least two of these blue zones and um you know it's one of these things that you know rather than turn to the super food or the super beverage why not drink what we uh learn from our our ancestors who've achieved the outcomes we want which is a long healthy life yeah absolutely my wife and i created this uh sparkling adaptogenic tea called juni and we put one cup of green tea in there.
33:16And so that's one of the seven, at least. I'm doing this for my longevity. It's got zero grams of sugar in it. This is delicious. Thank you. It's got zero grams of sugar in it, only five calories. It's all natural products. It's, you know, it was part of that. Like, how do you create something that's fun and healthy at the same time? And I'm glad you enjoyed it. Yes, and that competes with the sugar sweetened beverages and much better off grabbing a Juni than a Pepsi. Yeah. No, but that was the goal. It was like, I think it's about what you're doing here as well. It's about how do we make alternatives accessible and how do we make healthy options accessible.
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33:55That's right. That you hit the nail on the head and easy. And you remove the friction of price. Correct. You know, I named Singapore a Blue Zone 2.0. And the reason is in one lifetime, life expectancy has jumped 20 years. They now have the highest health adjusted life expectancy in the world. So they live the longest, healthiest life. It's not some coincidence from some ancient culture. They very deliberately went about making unhealthy food more expensive and harder to get. So for example, they tax sugar. We all know sugar is not good for us. A Coke in Singapore has 20 % less sugar than the same Coke in America.
34:36So they've mandated it. It has to be less sugar. Meanwhile, they subsidize things we know are good for us, like brown rice. They know that driving, especially in traffic, is bad for the air. It's bad for kids get killed in accidents. You don't get much physical activity when you're sitting in the car. So they've made car driving incredibly expensive,$100 ,000 just to have the right to drive a car, 300 % tax on top of that. Therefore, 89 % of people in Singapore walk. 89 %? 89%. Yeah. There's only 11 % people own cars in Singapore. But what that means is that there's all this tax revenue that they're able to sink into a fast, efficient, clean, air conditioned, wonderful public transport system.
35:26And nobody's more than about 300 meters away from fast, much faster than driving public transportation. You know what the side of benefit of that is? Everybody takes about 7 ,500 steps a day without even thinking about it. So they're already ahead of 75 % of Americans just getting to work in the morning or going out to see their friends or going out to eat because they're walking to the subway. Wow. Wow. That's the way American policy makers need to start thinking if we really want a healthier America. Are you working on the policy shifts too? Is that a big part of your focus or is that you have to work on local policy?
36:03I'm working with one of my favorite congressmen's, Dean Phillips, about a design for a healthier America bill that would provide block grants for cities to do this kind of work. So designing for setting Americans up for health. Right now we're set up for ill health in this country, I hate to say it. So it's just, instead of the$4.4 trillion a year, we spend cleaning up America's health mess, getting ahead of it, which is a much better investment. And it also avoids lots of suffering and lots of premature death. Absolutely. I mean, speaking on that, you know, one of the things I wanted to ask you is what of things that americans do currently that are seen as healthy but are actually causing us to gain weight and live a shorter life are there certain things that you think are marketed promoted or focused on for us to become healthier that are having the opposite impact anytime anybody markets you a superfood you can be pretty sure it's not many if not most of them have added sugars or processed ingredients which aren't all that good for you basically any packaged food that that trumpets some health benefit it's probably all not that no not all that good for you in blue zones that the foods they eat have one ingredient you know the as it comes out of the ground for the most part it's combined in wonderfully delicious ways but it's not processed and it's seasonal too right it's often seasonal but several of the blue zones only have two growing seasons so they still have to get through winter right the cornerstone of all these longevity diets are beans and grains, which store beautifully for years at a time.
37:40And those sort of get people through the times where their gardens aren't producing. By the way, you know, we put enormous burden on ourselves trying to tell Americans that they need to eat fresh fruits and vegetables. You go in the inner city, a lot of people don't know what to do with fresh fruits and vegetables. They don't have a taste for them. A much greater, easier solution is beans and rice, beans and corn tortilla, beans and pasta, pasta fagioli. Whenever you have a bean and a grain and you put them together, you have a whole protein. They're cheap. Almost every ethnicity knows how to cook them and make them taste delicious.
38:19They're usually fast to combine and cook. We would serve Americans much better if we sent the message to eat healthy, to start your journey to perhaps live into 100, eat beans and rice. What's really hard is, I'm listening to you and I see this as the challenge too, it's like, it almost seems like all of our bad decisions, whether it's what we eat, whether we walk, whether we work out, are primarily based on high levels of stress. So when we're stressed, you're going to reach for unhealthy food because it makes you feel better. When you're stressed, you're more likely to reach for sugar. When you're stressed, you're more likely to sleep in or try to sleep in or have bad sleep, and then you don't have energy to work out.
39:03You're more likely to skip a workout or skip walking because you feel stressed. You want to rush home in your car and just get in front of the TV. And so, so much of our choices are all based on a lot of stress. And obviously in the blue zones, they don't have a stressful life, I imagine. You're right, fundamentally, that stress drives poor decisions. And it also, if we're eating a meal and we're stressed, you're mixing, you're interrupting the digestion process with cortisol, which is not good for, not good for you. But people in blue zones suffer stress just like we do. They worry about their kids.
39:39They worry about their finances. They worry about their health. If you're unhealthy and overweight in America, it's probably not your fault. And I'll tell you why. in 1980 about 15 percent of americans were obese now it's 42 going to 43 percent of them so almost tripling of the obesity rate uh there's seven times as many people are suffering from type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetes that's not because uh 35 years ago people had more discipline or better diet programs or they were better people or they were exposed to less stresses What has changed is our environment. I've mentioned before, we're driving more, but also the number of fast food restaurants has gone up exponentially.
40:23Over 50 % of all retail outlets, including the place you get your tires changed and the place you pick up your diabetes medicine, force you through a gauntlet of sugar sweetened beverages, chips, and sodas. We make about 220 food decisions a day. Only 10 % of them are conscious. The other 200 or so have been orchestrated by marketing and by proximity and convenience and really mindless decisions. And to your point, some of those bad mindless decisions are because of stress, but most of it is because of our unhealthy environment. Yeah, I've always said that being plant-based has saved me from those gauntlets because I can't eat any of it because all of it has some sort of dairy or some sort of animal in it and it's like that's the only reason me and my wife talk about that all the time whenever we walk past donuts we walk past donuts and pastries and we're just like gosh if I wasn't plant-based I would be because I have a massive sweet tooth I grew up eating a ton of sugar I was it was I was exposed to it since I was a kid and so it's taken me years to curb that but the thing that saves me the most from exactly what you're talking about right now the donut shop the pizza shop the whatever is on plant-based and that's the only thing that saves me i hate to tell you there are plant-based donuts oh no there are yeah i know i luckily i live so this is a well-rounded meal no so i'm gonna point i'm gonna put it out there is an amazing if you live in la there is an amazing plant-based donut place called donut friend it is unbelievable and i am so lucky that i live like over 30 minutes away from and so thinking about driving for 30 minutes there and 30 minutes back to get a donut they don't deliver to where I live is like that saves me again uh van lewin is too close though that's vegan ice cream just imagine if there were you you walk went came out your driveway every time you came out your driveway there was a there was a special little donut vendor right there totally and that's what most americans are confronted with that the convenience stores uh it's hard no matter where you shop you're tempted by this stuff and yeah we're set up for really a tough time yeah one of the things you mentioned again on your tiktok was you've said that you believe the best weight loss tool is the scale um i wanted to ask you about that because i think for a lot of people getting on a scale is stressful it's like anxiety inducing they they look at it and it and it makes them more aware of a number and now they get focused on a number and if they don't make that number they judge themselves and criticize themselves or they call themselves fat or ugly or name you know whatever it may be so how what were you trying to get at when you were sharing you're right there is a minority of people who obsess about it and it's an anxiety inducing but for a the aggregate people who step on a scale every day and confront their weight and by the way you know if your weight goes up yeah you're gonna feel a kick in the pants but if your weight goes down there's a little endorphin surge it's a little reward and setting up that system, putting a bathroom scale in your way, people who self-weigh every day after two years, weigh about eight pounds less than people who never self-weigh.
43:34So I actually have one of my little social groups from Los Angeles here. I used to live here. I still have four people and I hardly know, I've seen them once in my life, but every day we email each other our weight and it kind of keeps us doing it. We were accountable to somebody and every one of us, our weight has gone down a little bit over the last decade or so. And for the average American male in 10 years, you can expect to gain an extra 10 years. So even among my little focus group, it's worked really quite well. Competition and collaboration together are really fascinating. Really, yeah.
44:08Yeah. Powerful. Yeah, it's why Pickleball works for me. It's also why I think I have so many people I know do 10 ,000 step challenges within their family and most of those people are walking way over 10 000 steps simply because they're trying to beat someone in their family and then everyone's average is growing up and so i think that making something competitive and collaborative is is the genius of the social network the fitness the fun in life like so much of it comes from that and i think we've lost that one of the strategies we deploy in our cities it's an idea we took from okinawa the notion of a moai a committed social circle and we'll get four or five hundred people to show up to a gym we'll have them circle up according to what neighborhood they live in we ask them a bunch of questions about you know are they religious what their favorite food is what they listen for music and have them look at each other as these questions are being answered and then we have them self-select in groups of five people and a lot of these people are completely lonely and once they self-select in these clusters we call them moais we have them give themselves a name and then we organize them around walking together this everybody can walk together and then we offer a little prize at the end of 10 weeks what happens during that 10 weeks is not only are these people walking a lot more than they normally would they're creating a social network or a social circle around walking that that uh in many cases we know about 60 % are still around four years later.
45:38So as you were starting to latch on to, it's the power of collaboration, but creating a social circle around a healthy behavior, that's what's gonna last and that's what's gonna matter over time. Absolutely. I wanted to quickly jump back to diet and food because there's this great technique that you have and you mentioned, and this was popular in parts of India that we're teaching it from this perspective as well, that the method you spoke about was being eight out of ten full when you're eating and when we were trained about that when we'd hear about it from a from an eastern or vedic perspective the idea of how breath is part of feeling full and so food is not the only thing that your stomach is full on was how i was introduced to that idea of being seven tenths full or eight tenths full and the rest would be covered by breath of course there's water as well walk us through that idea of how we can all stop eating at eight tenths full because i think most of us wait till 10 10 or 12 10 east yeah yeah exactly yeah yeah so so it has its roots in confucius the okinawans have this saying hara hachi bu which is a reminder to stop eating when their stomachs are 80 full and they'll say that like a prayer before a meal so instead of saying grace or whatever that it's a reminder.
46:56I believe though much of it is actually done at the table. They tend to pre-plate their foods and put the leftovers away at the beginning of the meal instead of the end when you might be mindlessly eating. They don't have a TV, so they're not mindlessly eating to their favorite television show. They're sitting around with friends, slowing the meal down. It takes about 20 minutes from the full feeling to travel from your belly to your brain. And if you're wolfing your food down, if you're not breathing, like you say, not drinking water, there's a pretty good chance you're going to overeat before you know it.
47:31It's so fascinating how have they been able to, in these places, hold on to these traditions? Like even you were saying they, I won't say it, like you said it, so the repetition, even the reminder of, hey, let's stay eight tenths full at this meal. How have they managed to hold on to these very old traditions and ideas and concepts in places that I'm sure are being, you know, commercialized, gentrified and all the rest of it? Like how have they managed to hold on to it? Well, it worked until about the year 2000 or 2005 because there haven't been outside influences. But in all these blue zones, the American food culture and the onslaught of ubiquitous media is starting to hit.
48:15It's lagged by 10 or 20 years because these are remote areas. But, you know, as soon as the American food culture walks in the front door, longevity walks out the back. And all of these blue zones, sadly, are disappearing. They'll be gone, I figure, in about half a generation. Okinawa is already no longer a blue zone. So, yeah, sadly, they're making the same mistakes that we're making. You think in our lifetime that... Blue zones will probably be gone in about a decade and a half. The Nicoya Blue Zone has shrunk to about one-fifth its size. The Okinawan Blue Zone is gone, except for people 90 and over.
48:54You still have a blue zone in that demographic. Sardinia, you're starting to see fast food restaurants show up. Greece, Ikaria is doing a good job, and I'll tell you why. Because the recognition they're getting as a blue zone has created an awareness of the incredible treasures that the older people are. And younger people in their 20s and 30s are bringing back these traditions and they're celebrating this diet that is producing longevity. And I have real hope for the Ikhari and Blue Zone. Do you think that may be the last standing one? I think it'll be the last of the Blue Zone 1.0. Yeah. Of the Singapores, I think there are more.
49:37And my current project is to track down more of these areas where governments have been successful at manufacturing blue zones. And so I think those are going to be the most relevant lessons because, hey, let's face it, we live in 2023 and there are modern forces that we have to contend with. And the lifestyle that evolved beginning in 1500 isn't as useful. It provides lessons and we can use it to, I think, model new environments and new policies, but it's not exactly an apples to apple. Yeah. At a government level, at a decision-making level, what is making people care or not care? Because I think that's something people always think about, right?
50:23All of this makes so much sense. If I was in charge, I'd say, this is how we should be wanting to help people and support people and let's make it easier. Because my job on a day-to-day basis is so much about empowering the individual to make better choices to find healthier options to build discipline to almost deal with the onslaught and the gauntlet of everything that's kind of my day job right that's that's what i'm focused on here but if i was in charge at state levels i would want to see the changes you're making what is incentivizing and enthusing people at that level to say let's build singapore 2.0 and more blue zones 2.0 versus what's people going that's all right like gdp is great like what What is that?
51:04Yeah. Singapore realized a long time ago that its most important resource is its people. It's not some industry or not some commodity like a lot of places. And it has gone about a very disciplined way of looking at each policy through the lens of, does this increase the well-being of people or not? And they don't have the voice of a lobbyist speaking loudly in their ear, some sort of fundraising incentive to favor some big business. I think it really starts with electing leaders who care about, who put well-being first. Thomas Jefferson, in fact, I believe was the first American to say that the charge of any leader is the health and happiness of the people.
51:51And I think if we are able to, you know, I don't know, we can't do much about Washington, but we can do a lot in our own communities about the type of mayor and city councils that we elect. A lot of the best government in America right now is being done at the municipal level, not the federal level. And you can get a lot done in a hurry in a city or even at the county level. If someone wants to be involved or help or support and help their community in town become more of a Blue Zone, where would you suggest they start? Well, if you go to the Blue Zones website, there is a bluezones.com. There's a button about my community and you can see how other cities have done it.
52:29And there's lots of good ideas, but honestly, Jay, it requires a, an orchestrated effort comprehensively. So many have been sort of half baked ideas or they're not comprehensive enough and they get people really excited about it and sponsorship money is spent and then not much happens. So inconveniently, unless it's comprehensive, a four or five year effort staffed by people who know what they're doing with enough intensity, it's probably not going to work. Got it. Yeah. It's good. It's good to have that clarity. I think a lot of people would want to see this change. I can imagine, you know, wanting to back this change.
53:08And I'm sure a lot of those people are already doing it in their own lives, but they'd love to see it extended out to others. I do have one suggestion that most cities can consider. There's something called a complete streets policy bundle. Every street is redone on average every seven years. And that provides an opportunity to make that street constructed, not just for cars, as most streets and roadways in America are, but for humans too. So in other words, they have to be considered for narrower lanes, which calms traffic for bike lanes, for wider sidewalks, for trees, for safe crosswalks. And if a city council that adopts complete streets, it creates an onus for them to make a more walkable, livable community.
53:55And any city in America can do that. And there's, by the way, there's great examples. Santa Barbara, California has done a fantastic job. Boulder, Colorado, fantastic job. Madison, Wisconsin. And these are places that are not only walkable, but they're economically thriving and people report the highest levels of wellbeing. They have some of the lowest rates of obesity in America. So that's a great place to start for most American cities. I want to make sure everyone knows when you get the book, you're going to hear about sleeps, naps, fasting, sunlight. I mean, there are so many other topics that I don't want to go over here because I want you to go and read the book and dive into the depth of just, you know, how much research, how much work has gone into this over the last couple of decades from Dan and his team.
54:40But Dan, I have to ask you about purpose. We're on purpose and you talk about purpose in the book. I remember speaking to you about it last time as being such a key attribute of a successful centenarian was purpose. How did they define or view purpose or contributing to the greater good? Like what does that look like for someone in a blue zone? Well, I have a few things to say about purpose. So it begins in blue zones with vocabulary for purpose. And in Costa Rica, it's plan de vida. And in Okinawa, it's ikigai. So it's imbued in their culture. But it's manifested. Purpose in blue zones is rarely an individual pursuit.
55:27It's like my purpose is stamp collecting or something or butterflies. It always has a social component or a philanthropic giving back to the community, supporting the family, supporting my group component to it, a service component to it. And, you know, I do a lot of thinking about it. In our Blue Zone work, we have this purpose workshop. And you'd be shocked at how many Americans wake up every morning tired. They pull the breakfast together for their kids, get them off to school, rush to work, wait, work eight to nine hours, muscle through traffic back home, get dinner back together. And the stress just never goes away.
56:08And only about 30 % of Americans have purpose in their work. That's according to a Gallup poll that surveyed about 2 million Americans. I think purpose is the intersection between having clarity on what your values are, knowing what you love to do, knowing what you're good at, and then studying those three lists for an outlet for them. That's true purpose, I think. That's available to all of us. But the founding director of the National Institutes on Aging, Dr. Robert Butler, found that people who could articulate their sense of purpose over time were living about eight years longer than people who are rudderless.
56:47So there's a real health benefit, but more so than a health benefit, But it's just an enjoyable, rich way to live your life. And anything you can do to get more purpose in your life, including, I might add, listening to this podcast twice a week, every week of your life, is time well spent. Dan, thank you so much. The book is called The Blue Zone, Secrets for Living Longer, Lessons from the Healthiest Places on Earth. Dan Buettner, this is the book. Make sure you go grab a copy. Like I said, even across the surface, there are so many things I could talk to Dan about, but I want you to go grab the book.
57:23I want you to read it. I want you to study it. I want you to see these beautiful summary pages that are absolutely fantastic, that talk about the key learnings from each of the Blue Zones that Dan's been to and studied, because it makes it really easy to just pick it up, reflect, have a discussion about it. I hope that you're going to reach out to a group of people that should listen to this podcast, that are going to be part of that tribe, part of that squad, part of that social circle for you all, whether it's a book club, whether it's a pickleball team, whatever it may be. I really hope that that social part is not underestimated and undervalued.
57:57And Dana, thank you again for coming all the way. You just flew in an hour before this, literally landed, came from the airport, stepped in the seat, gave a beautiful interview with all your energy, passion. And it's truly remarkable. And I'm really grateful for your work. So thank you so much. It's been an honor and a pleasure, Jay. Thank you. Thank you. Always been a fan and continue to be. We'll see you when you're 100. Yes. Thank you. If you love this episode, you'll love my interview with Dr. Gabor Mate on understanding your trauma and how to heal emotional wounds to start moving on from the past.
58:33Everything in nature grows only where it's vulnerable. So a tree doesn't grow where it's hard and thick, does it? It grows where it's soft and green and vulnerable. This is an iHeart Podcast. Thank you.
From the publisher
Do you want to know the secret to living a long healthy life?
Do you want to know what the healthiest people in the world drink everyday?
Dan, a best-selling author and explorer, shares his extensive research and knowledge on the communities where people live the longest and healthiest lives. As the mind behind the acclaimed book, "The Blue Zones Secrets for Living Longer: Lessons from the Healthiest Places on Earth," and the visionary behind the Netflix docu-series, Dan Buettner brings a wealth of knowledge about how to live to 100+.
This conversation explores the common threads that weave through these diverse group of people, unlocking the keys to a fulfilling and enduring life .From diet and daily habits to the profound sense of community, Dan Buettner offers profound insights into how these lessons from the Blue Zones can be applied to our own lives.
Tune in for a thought-provoking conversation that bridges ancient traditions with modern living, and learn how you can integrate the Blue Zones' transformative lessons into your own pursuit of a healthier, more meaningful and longer life
In this interview you’ll learn:
Practical lessons for a longer life
What role your genes play in the length of your life
What you can add to your diet daily that will add 4 years to your life
How our environment plays a key role in our life
Tangible steps we can take to improve our overall well being
How plant based diets can significantly improve our health
How a sense of purpose and community can enhance our life and longevity
Dan’s passion for understanding and unlocking the secrets to longevity has influenced the world and I hope it does the same for you.
With Love and Gratitude,
Jay Shetty
What we Discuss:
00:00 Intro
03:40 How much of our genes determine how long we will live
09:23 The secret to a healthy America
14:30 The overconsumption of meat is hurting us
18:15 We spend twice as much time in our cars than we did in the 1980s
20:24 The power of community
24:50 The hack to a longer life isn’t based solely on diet and exercise but also community
27:13 Using elders as a longevity strategy for community
30:40 Green tea can add to your longevity
35:33 How beans and grains are cornerstones in the oldest global communities
38:11 What has changed over the years that has added to our mortality rate
43:40 The power of creating a social circle around health
44:35 Reminder to stop eating when stomachs are 80% full
47:27 What the last bluezone 1.0 will be
51:16 What most cities should consider in order to become a blue zone
54:43 How a sense of purpose and clarity can add to our longevity
55:03 Conclusion
Episode Resources:
Dan Buettner | Facebook
Dan Buettner | Instagram
Dan Buettner | Website
See omnystudio.com/listener for privacy information.


