Selects: Noise Pollution: Arrrgh!

27:03Yeah. Everywhere I go. I've heard that. Yeah, basically once you start, you can't go back. Yeah, I like it though. I do brown noise is my drug of choice. It sounds so gross though. Brown. Yeah, I make a brown noise every morning, you know what I mean? Wow, I was not expecting Dangerfield to make an appearance. Well, that's what you meant, right? Poop or no? Yeah, I mean, I guess. Anytime I hear brown, I think it's poop, you know? You think of that or you think of Ween, the band. Do they have a brown song or album? They talk about the brown thing, the brown sound, and brown is just sort of their color and how they used to talk about sound.

27:43And I've heard other groups talk about brown sounds. So what does brown sound sound like? Well, brown noise, you know, if white noise is... Brown noise is... Oh, okay. That's the best way I can describe it. It's kind of middle? Yeah, it's sort of a lower end. And if you actually play it through a speaker, like if you put it on your phone and play it through a little Bluetooth, you can get some good bass, and it just really works wonders for me. I should try brown noise or even white noise. I've been using Chrome noise, where it's like... And it's really not helping me sleep at all. You're like, I have the sound of an early internet connection being made on a loop.

28:24On a constant loop. Did they ever name that? They should have named that. It would be great to just call it whatever it was. They called it the tickety-witchet. Interrupted sleep, though. That's the big problem, or one of the big problems. Because your ears are always on. If you have uninterrupted sleep or poor sleep overall, you're going to be tired, obviously. Your creativity, your memory can get impaired. Your creativity is going to be low. You're going to have impaired judgment. Your psychomotor skills might be impacted. You might have more headaches. They've done studies. If you live near airports and stuff like that or next to like a rail yard, you're going to have more headaches.

29:07You might take more sleeping pills as a result. you might be more prone to minor accidents and you are going to be more prone to seek psychiatric treatment in your life. Like studies have shown this. Yeah, there's a study of people living near European airports. They found a 10 decibel increase in aircraft noise was associated with a 28 % increase in anxiety medication and that people were also likelier to have, like 25 % more likely to have symptoms of depression. So, again, all this is just from, like, having not good sleep, which is bad enough. But apparently, Chuck, it even gets worse because even if your sleep isn't disturbed where you're waking up and not getting sleep because of noise.

29:53Right, like you get used to it sort of. Uh-huh. The noise is still affecting you while you're sleeping because, again, your ear never turns off. It's always on the listen out for some sort of threat creeping up on you. And so if you're exposed to noise while you're sleeping, it still has that stress effect on you. And what they figured out is that one of the problems of just being chronically stressed through something like noise, and I think stress in general, is that it affects, I think it's called the endothelium, which is the lining of your blood vessels. And they respond to chemicals that tell them to constrict, to relax.

30:33And they get constricted when they get stressed, when they're exposed to stress, like cortisol or something like that. It comes along and says, constrict. And when they do that, you get high blood pressure. You can end up with heart disease. You can end up suffering from heart attacks. And what's insane is they figured out that after one night of being exposed while you're sleeping to something like train sounds, your endothelium starts suffering. Like it doesn't function as well after just one night of that. Right. Like isn't the idea that you can have no other sort of poor health markers and it can actually be brought on because of this noise, right?

31:16Yes. While you're sleeping, you're still getting sleep, but it's still happening to you while you're sleeping. And not only like high blood pressure or like a heart attack or something like that coming down the road, but also like diabetes, obesity. There's a lot of things that we're figuring out are tied to the lining of the blood vessels and whether they're healthy or not. It's a huge predictor of a whole range of diseases. And when you hear noise, your stressors trigger your endothelium to constrict, and that is a really bad thing. It is. Here in the United States, we kind of started studying this stuff in earnest in the 70s.

31:58That was when pollution was a big deal just all around in the United States. and we started to say things like, hey, maybe you shouldn't just have a family picnic and then just pick up your blanket and dump all the trash on the ground like they did on that episode of Mad Men. And on Anchorman where they're all eating McDonald's and they just throw it on the ground in the park. I saw a guy throw a fully full McDonald's thing out the window the other day and smashed on the sidewalk. Oh, my God. And I was just like, who does that still? Yeah, the problem is we're at a place in our country's history where if you confront people like that, there's a chance you're going to get shot for confronting someone like that.

32:41I don't confront. But that's like – that is the kind of behavior you should under normal circumstances, non-shooting circumstances, feel perfectly fine confronting somebody about and being like, what is wrong with you? Like we're so far beyond that. Like everyone knows you shouldn't do that. It's just, oh, it drives me insane. Oh, I got into a good fight with them in my brain. Yes, I know. Like, where's the solution? Where's the answer? I don't know, man. I think the Zen path is you go pick up that McDonald's cup and throw it away. Totally. And say a prayer for that person. Sure. Good luck. So, yeah, New York is where they started studying this stuff in the 70s because it was kind of wrapped up, like I said, folded into larger pollution studies.

33:26They're like, well, we might as well talk about noise pollution. Sure. New York is the place to do it. And they did – there were a couple of studies in the 1970s about subway noise that really sort of gave – put the whole thing on some terra firma as far as the health effects and learning effects. In the case of kids at PS98 in Manhattan, it was very close to the train tracks there, the subway train tracks. Like real close. Yeah, like 220 feet away. And they found – and this is pretty startling. They found that the kids that were closest to the train tracks were 11 months behind their classmates that were on the other side of the school.

34:06Yeah. Like not in another school, just on the other side of the school. Yeah. Almost a full – well, I mean that is basically a full school year. Yeah. Because, you know, with summers off and stuff, that's an academic year plus. Yeah. that they were behind and they installed acoustic tiles in the classroom and some dampening devices. And they did a follow-up study and the gap had closed basically. So, I mean, there's proof right there like your kids are not learning as well if they're near that subway noise. There's another kind of landmark study in the 70s in New York that established the concept of noise pollution at a place called The Bridges, an apartment high-rise or a cluster of them in Manhattan that I believe 95 maybe drives under or really, really close.

34:56And the traffic noise is so bad that even as high up as the eighth floor, the traffic sound is about the level of a vacuum cleaner. And like just sitting in your apartment, you have to raise your voice to be heard. Which, I mean, just the stress of that, I can't imagine. Like that's an inhabitable, uninhabitable place. I believe people are still living there as well. But the study found that children living there were far behind at reading comprehension, at listening comprehension, and just weren't learning as quickly as other kids their age who did not live in the bridges. So those two studies together from New York kind of established this idea like, okay, there's a real problem with noise pollution.

35:47And then it just went away for many, many years until about 2011 when the WHO, there was a bunch of other studies. A lot of the other ones that we've referenced so far came out around 2010, 2011, 2013. I'm not sure what exactly kicked it off, but there was a big spate of them. But then the WHO released a really big report. Not the WHO, the band, the World Health Organization. They're another loud band, actually. Yeah, they felt terribly guilty about causing hearing loss in their fans. So they launched this study of basically all of Western Europe. They looked at, I think, something like 500 different studies and did a meta-analysis of them to calculate what's called the disability-adjusted life years or dailies that were lost in Europe every year to noise pollution.

36:39Yeah, and the idea of a daily is they basically say it's like the healthy years of your life that end up being lost to this human-made noise that you're living with. Right. And it's kind of a sort of an esoteric way to think about it. But once you wrap your head around it, it makes a little bit more sense. But they found that at least one million healthy years of life are lost every single year, only just in Europe due to noise pollution. A million healthy years of people's lives annually. Yeah, and that means because of all of the disease burden that noise pollution produces in humans, that that's how much of our healthy lifespan is shaved off every year collectively or how much Europe's is.

37:30And they did a follow-up study in 2018, Chuck, and found that, actually, no, we got it wrong. It's 1.8 million dailies are lost in Western Europe alone each year. So they definitely established through these couple of WHO studies, like, no, noise pollution is still a thing, and we should probably do something about it. And there was another study that was released this past year that said, yes, dailies are significant, but we may have found a link that shows that noise pollution can actually straight up kill you under some circumstances potentially. Yeah, and this one was, this is pretty startling because they looked at heart, well, not necessarily heart attack, but nighttime deaths.

38:14No, I guess it was heart attacks. Yes. But if you die overnight, die in your sleep, quote unquote, from heart attacks, and the link to commercial aircraft flying over your house, and I guess they had a way to sort of cancel out all the other factors and they got down to the nitty-gritty that 3 % of all nighttime deaths from heart attacks can be attributed to the sound of aircraft flying overhead while you're sleeping. Yep, that is just like that was it. That was the last stress response that your body could handle and you had a heart attack and died from that sound. They said like, okay, we found a definite correlation, But if there is causation here, then we can chalk up about 3 % of those.

38:58That's astounding. It is astounding. We're going to take a break. That's the human grossness. And we'll talk about the awful things that we're doing to our animal friends and nature right after this.

39:19Hi, Kyle. Could you draw up a quick document with the basic business plan? just one page as a Google doc and send me the link. Thanks. Hey, just finished drawing up that quick one page business plan for you. Here's the link. But there was no link. There was no business plan. It's not his fault. I hadn't programmed Kyle to be able to do that yet. My name is Evan Ratliff. I decided to create Kyle, my AI co-founder, after hearing a lot of stuff like this from OpenAI CEO, Sam Altman. There's this betting pool for the first year that there's a one person billion company, which would have been like unimaginable without AI.

39:52And now it will happen. I got to thinking, could I be that one person? I'd made AI agents before for my award-winning podcast, Shell Game. This season on Shell Game, I'm trying to build a real company with a real product run by fake people. Oh, hey, Evan. Good to have you join us. I found some really interesting data on adoption rates for AI agents and small to medium businesses. Listen to Shell Game on the iHeartRadio app or wherever you get your podcasts. Lines and Tines with Spencer Graves on the iHeartRadio app is a podcast designed for hunters and fishermen to enjoy success. I like the idea of like, hey, put me on a big deer.

40:32You know, hey, there's a big deer out here. He's doing this. Be looking for this deer. But I also love doing it on my own. I love going out there and saying, running my cameras. I love patterning the deer. I like showing up at the right time, checking the wind, knowing what stand I need to be in. and then whenever it all comes together and it happens, that's the most satisfying thing ever. So when you do it on your own, it's like I then can hang my hat. But if I had somebody say, hey, pull up on these dots and catch them right here and you're going to win. And then when I go in, it's like, yeah, it's cool.

41:06I won the tournament. The ultimate goal is done. But it's like, dude, when you find them and you make them mine, that's the puzzle. I love it. Listen to Lines and Tines with Spencer Graves on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. All right, son. Time to put out this campfire. Dad, we learned about this in school. Oh, did you now? Okay. What's first? Smokey Bear said to... First, drown it with a bucket of water. Then stir it with a shovel. Wow. You sound just like him. Then he said... If it's still warm, then do it again. Where can I learn all this? It's all on SmokeyBear.com with other wildfire prevention tips.

41:46because only you can prevent wildfires. Brought to you by the USDA Forest Service, your state forester and the Ad Council.

42:06All right. We talked about a lot of studies that basically all added up to noise pollution, very bad for human beings. Like literally bad for their health. And I know we've talked about a few of these before over the years, especially when it comes to whales. But all manner of Mother Nature are impacted by this noise. They did a study in the early 2000s about stress hormones for – what kind of whales were they? Right whales. Yeah, right whales in the Bay of Fundy. And they saw – and this is remarkable. They saw a really weird, unexplained decline in the stress hormone concentrations that went away and then came back up again.

42:50And they eventually realized it was a halt in the shipping in the bay after 9-11 happened. Yeah, because shipping is probably humans' noisiest marine endeavor that we do all the time, constantly. and the idea of a break in that having being connected to a huge decline in stress hormones and whale poop that's that's significant but it was an accidental discovery and i think it led other people to start studying stuff like that like the effects of noise on wildlife and there was this i think university of idaho i'm sorry if it's idaho state please don't be mad i think it's Idaho. Okay. A study from 2012 where researchers set up like a, what they call the phantom road, which is basically they affixed a line of loudspeakers to some trees out in the wilderness that stretched about a half a mile in length.

43:45And they just played road and traffic noise and not like city stuff, just like the kind of stuff that possibly a remote road through the wilderness would sound like because they recorded it in Glacier National Park on a road there. And just from that, just from like this rural Glacier National Park road noise, something like more than a quarter of all the birds in the area just left. They were like, we're moving. Yeah. We're going to Canada. That's what everybody in the United States says. Yeah, you know, I think I definitely noticed and I heard other people talk about in like April of last year when things really slowed down commuter and traffic wise due to the pandemic.

44:31And I don't think it was just our imaginations, but there was a lot more bird activity going on. And I remember, I think I remember us even talking about it. Or maybe it was just quieter for us. So we noticed the more, or maybe a combination of both, but there was a difference. And when, you know, when shipping stops after 9-11 or when traffic stops, nature says, oh, the human a-holes are gone. Now we can start behaving normally again. Yeah. Like things are back to normal. And that's, I mean, that's just on land. Also, they found that Idaho study found that the birds that stuck around lost a bunch of weight, which they would have needed to migrate.

45:15So maybe they couldn't leave even if they wanted to. But that was a land study. There's been other studies on land, but it seems like we're doing a lot of damage to marine ecosystems as well, like probably even more because sound waves travel in water a lot better than light, which means that most of the animals that live in the water have really sensitive hearing. That's what they've evolved to use to communicate and listen out for, right? So when we make noise, it's really problematic in marine ecosystems. Yeah, and we make a lot of noise. I mean, that shipping activity we talked about is super disruptive to anything underwater.

45:53When they search for mineral deposits on the seafloor or under the seafloor, they use these seismic air guns that are, you can hear those things, like a fish can hear that thousands of miles away. Very disruptive. Sonar, I know we talked about sonar in an episode years ago and how that affected marine life. I can't remember what it was. Did we do an entire episode on the time they blew up the beached whale, like what to do with the beached whale? Maybe. I think we did. But they basically kind of say now, like, they think the reasons whales beach themselves is because of these noises, and sonar is a big culprit.

46:31Right. Like, it just drives them out of the water, which sounds bonkers, but if you ever think about how humans sometimes jump from tall buildings rather than being burned by the intensity of a fire, I think it's virtually the same principle. Sure. So we have become aware of just how much noise pollution affects not just us, but the environment as well. Like it is a form of pollution. And it seems like, you know, it started to accumulate in the last few years. But really, we've known for a good 50 years that noise pollution is really bad for everybody. And yet we've done almost nothing about it.

47:10But we had the start, Chuck. We started out like we were going to, like almost immediately. When we realized how bad noise pollution was in the 70s, we started to do something about it. And the federal government passed like three and actually I saw a fourth one. Huge acts that had to do with basically controlling noise pollution. Yeah, either controlling noise pollution for people in general or through OSHA, making sure people were working in safe conditions or at least had the ear cans and things they needed to work safely. Yeah. And it was like you said, it was headed in the right direction.

47:45We knew it was bad, and we were trying to stop it. And then the Reagan administration came along and said, nuts to that. That's federal regulation. Let's just leave it to the states because you ask any governor of any state, and they'll tell you their citizens know to do the right thing, and they'll do that right thing. And so we'll just leave it up to the states and let them – they volunteered to phase itself out. The Office of Noise and Abatement Control on paper still exists. But Congress said, you know, let's just not fund them anymore. And let's keep these laws on the books, but really not worry about it too much.

48:19Because the states will take care of it, right? Because states always do the right thing. Yeah, and the states, of course, did absolutely nothing. And it's partially because they can't do a lot about it. A lot of noise is really best understood, studied, and regulated by the federal government. Like Georgia has a bunch of money reserved to study the effects of noise on humans. Like, no, that's totally a federal kind of thing to do, you know? And that's what some of those 70s acts set up, like that Office of Noise Abatement and Control or Noise Control and Abatement. Like, its purpose was to study that kind of stuff.

48:53That's not what states do. So the states have, well, not the states, but usually more municipalities and counties, they have taken steps to kind of mitigate sound pollution. Like, there's noise pollution. And there's usually regulations on how early or late a landscaping crew can work within the city limits. Or some of them say, like, you can't boom your stereo or you're not allowed to have that broken glass muffler on your Harley. Like, there's some stuff like that. But then, like, if you live kind of under a flight path, if your town wanted to say, you know what, you can't fly over our town and wake everybody up between, you know, 12 at night and 7 in the morning.

49:35You can't fly an airplane over it. The airplanes would just be like, I didn't hear you. Sorry, I was listening to the feds who say you can't make laws like that. Yeah, and I get the feeling with municipalities, it is more like complaints from neighbors kind of noise or the lawn crews in construction, like you were saying, and less like stuff with big teeth. recently weird reason I won't get into but I was looking up noise ordinances in Athens Georgia and they're kind of funny when you look at these noise ordinances it's like it literally said like walking down the sidewalk yelling at one another talking about basically drunk kids you know like the French Quarter kind of thing it said this includes hooting and hollering and it was something about being able to hear you from like 300 feet away or noise from your apartment.

50:29But, you know, it's like good luck with that. Like you can call the cops on someone maybe. Yeah. But there's no teeth or what do you call it when you – or enforcement kind of with a lot of this stuff aside from singling out people when it happens in the moment and you may get a cop come by and say turn it down. But even if there's a will to do something, it depends on if it's like rail traffic or air traffic, like the federal government ties local towns and counties' hands. Like they can't do anything about it. And as a result, there's a lot of noise pollution that people can't do anything about.

51:06There's a town in Canada. I can't remember the name of it. But it's got like a rail system that goes through it, and it doesn't have like alarms or like the arms that come down. So trains have to honk their horns at least three times as they cross through this town. And there's a bunch of different crossings. And they calculated that train horns blare 1 ,200 times a day in this little tiny town. And, like, obviously everybody's going nuts, but they can't do anything about it because the federal government of Canada is in charge of regulating rail travel like every other developed or industrialized country.

51:49Yeah, and even if it's something like OSHA and you work in a loud factory and they're trying to regulate that, they say that, A, they don't cover all industries they should cover. And when they do, it's very inconsistently applied. And even when they do apply it inconsistently, they say that these limits aren't even low enough to protect all the workers anyway from hearing loss. said OSHA regulations allow workers to be exposed to 95 decibels for four hours a day, five days a week for your entire 40-year career. And that's like you're going to suffer from hearing loss if that's the case. Yeah, that's like holding a leaf blower right next to you for four hours a day, five days a week for 40 years.

52:34Like, of course you're going to lose your hearing. Like, that's crazy. Well, and then factor in the other health effects that no one ever talks about that we mentioned in the whole first half of this thing. And you have an unhealthy population if you're stuck in one of those places. Yeah. So we can sit here in Kvetch all day, which we would love to do. But there are solutions to this. But I want to point out one more time, all these solutions are zero thanks to the Reagan administration. Instead, there's some simple stuff you can do to help us humans, like you can change aircraft routes, you can build barriers along roadways and railways.

53:09You can even green it up. Like they found that if you use shrubbery and trees mixed together so that they basically produce a fence and you plant them close to the road or close to the railway rather than close to the place that you're trying to protect, they do pretty good at reducing the decibels of the sound, the noise pollution coming from the traffic. That's some easy stuff you can do. And then on the user end, on the individual's end, there's all sorts of like acoustic insulation and paneling. you can add to your house to make it a little more soundproof and quieter. What about those mufflers, Chuck?

53:47Car mufflers? Yeah. So apparently the ones that make the sound are not good. Yeah. I mean, they could change that. The EPA could get involved and say, you know what? You can't have those kind of mufflers anymore. Thank God if they did. As far as the shipping goes, I know it's always like a Honda Civic or something that is like tricked out like it's some kind of race car. As far as the water goes and the shipping stuff like that, those big ships, they found that if they separate the ship's engine from the hull, they are quieter, much quieter. And they even found that there is, I think there's a 75 % reduction in acoustic energy, six to eight decibels, which is significant.

54:32And they also found that it is less fuel efficient. And if they retrofitted or kind of changed the way they built these ships, I don't know if you can – well, I guess you can retrofit some of them. Well, yeah, the propellers are what's making them less fuel efficient. So you can – not easily, but you can take off the old propellers and put on new ones. Right, but it costs a lot of money up front. Like they will save in the long run. And I think – is it pronounced Maersk, the big shipping company? Yeah. They spent$100 million to do just 11 of its ships. So that gives you the idea of how much it costs.

55:05There may be some efficiencies if they did more or something, but it's not cheap. And they have 740 ships. They've done 11. Well, I did see that as actually a very small fraction of all of the ships involved in shipping that are responsible for the vast majority of the noise. So if you did just focus on the worst offenders, it would have a significant impact. There's also a huge amount of noise, apparently, underwater noise that comes from offshore wind farms because of the pile driver that is moved up and down by the blades to help produce the electricity to move the turbine, right? That's right.

55:43And they found that if you just put a perforated pipe around the pile driver, the pile driver is going to produce bubbles, and those bubbles will dissipate the noise, almost all the noise. I think like 95 % of the noise coming from those offshore wind farms. That's a really simple, easy solution. Just do it, people. Yeah, and there's one other thing that I hadn't thought about, but I saw a couple places and it really makes sense, is that the noise pollution we're contributing to marine ecosystems in particular is just such low-hanging fruit that there's no reason we shouldn't do this. There's some really easy stuff we can do.

56:19Even rerouting shipping lanes is one thing we can do. And that by doing that, it will actually stabilize marine ecosystems and marine life so that it will buy us a little time while we're figuring out much trickier stuff like ocean acidification and things that are also threats to it. So it's like just removing noise pollution would really go a long way toward extending the, I guess, the health and vitality of the oceans while they're, you know, while we're combating climate change. I love it. Let's get all these things going. Our health is suffering. Let's start with the mufflers. Yeah, that's just annoyance and health.

56:57Yeah. Well, since Chuck said that's just annoyance, of course, everybody, that means it's time for Listener Mail. Uh, this one's pretty short and sweet. I just love it when we get an answer about something. Uh, I think I might've known this at some point, but we talked about shrinking as humans. And this is from, uh, Steve in Roscoe, Illinois. He says, I've been a long time listener. Never had a reason to reach out, but you hit my area of expertise. I'm a physical therapist. And while listening to the episode about crash testing, you ask, why do we shrink when we get older? what happens as we age guys is the intervertebral discs in our back lose hydration and as a result we shrink there are six discs in the cervical spine 12 discs in the thoracic spine and five discs in the lumbar if each disc were to lose a minimum of one sixteenth of an inch in height that adds up pretty quickly and you can easily lose an inch plus in your lifetime wow the other thing to consider as we age is our muscles and tissues get tighter, pulls us into positions of poor posture.

58:02Sarcopenia. That's right. And this restricts our ability to stand up straight. You combine all these things together and all of a sudden Josh isn't going to hit his goal height of six feet. I have to stand on my tippy toes now. Thanks for all the good work. I hope I didn't step on the toes of a future short stuff. I think we just did it, Steve. That's Steve Marima, or Marima from Roscoe, Illinois. Thanks a lot, Steve. Steve, that was a good email. We appreciate that big time. And if you haven't stumbled upon it yet, you should check out our episode on sarcopenia. It is old, but it was interesting.

58:36Yeah. If you have any physical therapy needs in Illinois, give Steve a call. It sounds like a good guy. Yeah. Head to beautiful Roscoe, Illinois. Come on. If you want to be like Steve from Roscoe and give us some more info that we were asking for, we love that kind of stuff. You can send it to us via email. to stuffpodcasts at iheartradio.com. Stuff You Should Know is a production of iHeart Radio. For more podcasts from iHeart Radio, visit the iHeart Radio app. Apple Podcasts are wherever you listen to your favorite shows.

59:17Hi, Kyle. Could you draw up a quick document with the basic business plan? Just one page as a Google Doc and send me the link. Thanks. Hey, just finished drawing up that quick one-page business plan for you. Here's the link. But there was no link. There was no business plan. I hadn't programmed Kyle to be able to do that yet. I'm Evan Ratliff here with a story of entrepreneurship in the AI age. Listen as I attempt to build a real startup run by fake people. Check out the second season of my podcast, Shell Game, on the iHeartRadio app or wherever you get your podcasts. A man with Down syndrome tries the impossible, the grand slam in turkey hunting.

59:53Four 53 hits, we're legal shooting right. And he gives us this one last test. And he pitches off. And when he pitches off, he flies right into the gun barrel. I said to the cameraman, do you have him? He said, shoot him. I said, Justin, shoot. You can download this episode and others from Lines and Tines with Spencer Graves on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. Babes, what are you doing? What? I'm just mowing the lawn. No, it's blazing hot and dry out here. Don't you remember? Smokey Bear says... Avoid using power equipment when it's windy or dry. Where'd you learn this?

1:00:34Oh, it's on... SmokeyBear.com, with many other wildfire prevention tips. Right. Thanks, honey bear. Because remember, only you can prevent wildfires. Brought to you by the USDA Forest Service, your state forester, and the Ad Council. This is an iHeart Podcast. Guaranteed Human