The OSINT Hunt for a Sex Trafficking Ringleader

0:03Hello, and welcome to the 404 Media Podcast, where we bring you unparalleled access to hidden worlds, both online and IRL. 404 Media is a journalist-founded company and needs your support. To subscribe, go to 404media.co as well as bonus content every single week. Subscribers also get access to additional episodes where we respond to their best comments. Gain access to that content at 404media.co. I'm your host, Joseph, and with me are 404 Media co-founders, Sam Cole. Hello. And that's it. Who else is here? Nobody. Just me. Exactly. Because Jason is away, for reasons I won't disclose, and Manuel is away, for reasons I won't disclose either.

0:50But it's actually very good timing that Sam is the only one here because we're going to talk about a story that you've been working on, I mean, for a very, very long time. It's sort of the culmination of years of reporting. Before we get to that, I will just say that I'm back from DEFCON, the annual hacking conference uh and i was there thanks to our paid subscribers and i did some coverage for everybody while i was there but i also recorded a bunch of audio for a podcast i'll put together later um and i'm doing a deeper article i'll probably write tomorrow about what i think we should all learn from defcon this year because it was a different vibe i would say uh It sounded wild.

1:34I saw a lot of drama on Twitter. A lot of drama, a lot of conflict, I would say. And I'll leave it at that. But yeah, Sam knows what I'm going to write. And I imagine she'll let... Yeah, I've got a lot of stuff gone. Never at all. Yes, exactly. Exactly. All right, let's go to your story, Sam. she turned ghost white how a rag attack group of friends tracks down a sex trafficking ringleader this is about the hunt for michael pratt with these this amazing group of people who are not current law enforcement officials and took it upon themselves to track down someone who ended up on the fbi's most wanted list and we will get to all of that and this exciting twists and turns and how they did that but i think this starts at the beginning because not everybody's going to know this case and they're not going to understand the significance of it right so sam first of all what was girls do porn yeah um girls do porn was it depends on who i'm talking to it surprises me sometimes when people haven't heard of girls do porn because it was such a massive um you know brand essentially uh so girls do porn was a wildly popular porn channel uh hosted on porn hub also hosted on its own website it had content all over the internet um its whole thing was like amateur porn so it would be like it was always a young woman maybe like 18 or you know the the title would be like barely legal um in college you know we would talk about like her college career um and then she would be on a bed in a hotel room uh looking you know new to this and nervous uh in a lot of cases and that was the whole shtick it was amateur porn the the brand was pushing like a first time kind of vibe like first time doing porn um first time shooting anything on camera like this and you never saw the guy in the videos like it was always um you never saw his face you know you saw his body but um and come to find out you know they had they had produced hundreds of videos i think it was like more than 500 videos and and how many views any idea i mean maybe you don't have a total number of views but like do these videos on Pornhub get like millions of views each or it was like it was in some cases it could be millions it was usually in like the hundreds of thousands um total the the whole channel was definitely getting like multi-millions but um it was a Pornhub premium content partner which means that it was placed in like a really noticeable spot on the site so people could click on it and then you kind of convert from there into like a premium Pornhub member.

4:39And then, you know, that's how that they, they continue to keep the view cycle going. And it was also because it was like a, an amateur porn thing. A big part of this ecosystem was a site called Porn WikiLeaks, which doxed the women in the videos um you know it would people would post like their their schools their hometowns their ages their real names things like that and then that would kind of keep the the traffic churning people would get interested again you get in the news that like you know miss you know miss whatever state it was would say you know i i was in born and um here's what it did to my life and then that would kind of proliferate the views so yeah that was yeah i mean the business of it even before that as you say it's presented as amateur pornography it's presented as these girls doing porn on camera for the first time and that is true in a way but they are they're not told actually what's going to happen right so what are these women told when they get to the hotel room exactly yeah so even before they get there a lot of them were there under the pretense of making a little bit of easy quick money doing like lingerie modeling or some kind of modeling it was usually a craigslist ad that girls do porn would place um and then it would say like come do lingerie modeling we'll fly you out we'll buy your ticket we'll buy your lodging um and these are you know college students so of course they're like yeah if i can get an all expenses paid trip to go make some money like definitely and just like wear lacy underwear on camera sure why not um and then they would get there to the hotel room this wasn't 100 of their experiences but many many many of them have the same exact pattern of experiences with girls through porn so they would get to the hotel room in san diego and then they would uh be pressured into signing a bunch of contracts in some cases they were pushed like shots or weed um and rushed through like these really legalese filled contracts and said you know just sign this it's like no big deal um and then they would start shooting and that's when it would become a porn set um this guy would show up and you know they would say okay let's get to work and you know at that point some of them were barred into the room like they were blocked from getting out um they're being treated very violently in a lot of cases so you can imagine it's like there's not really a way out that they could see out of that situation other than just pushing through the situation and getting out as fast as possible and agreeing to whatever they said um so yeah that's that was the scheme uh and then in 2019 uh a bunch of these women came together and sued girls do porn for uh coercion and fraud under the pretenses that i just described um and they won they they eventually won the civil case um and they won in 2019 the the lawsuit really started back in like 2015 where they the lawyers that are in the story that I that I recently wrote really started investigating this but that's it's when the judgment came down and at that point that's when the FBI said okay this is now like a federal sex trafficking case that we need to prosecute as such bring these guys in well yes I mean you mentioned this civil case that starts where these women you know are saying that they were misled obviously uh i remember one of the other things was like yes as you described they're sort of told early on oh it's just lingerie modeling it's fine it's nothing they get there as you say and then i mean essentially not even coerced forced in lots of ways to just have sex on camera against their will another one i think you've mentioned before is that they're told oh yes well now it is porn but it's actually just going to be on VHS in like New Zealand and Australia so oh the distribution is not going to be that big of a deal and of course they are lying and it ends up on Pornhub which is what the biggest pornography site in the world right you mentioned Pornhub's involvement there as in like they they have some sort of a placement where the videos are being a very premier uh spot on the Pornhub web page can you just describe a bit more about the partnership there and Pornhub's involvement because it's not really just we hosted the videos.

9:37And that's even still bad. Just hosting these videos of abuse is already a massive problem in its own right. But what's exactly the deal with Pornhub here in this story? Yeah, so this is something that Emmanuel and I started digging into in 2019 when this lawsuit went to trial. Because in the trial briefing and the complaints, they talk about how Pornhub helped basically boost these videos of their abuse to the point where Pornhub was profiting off of them. So yeah, it's an interesting and very perverse and dark cycle. It's like they have these videos out there. They don't want them out there.

10:23The more they try to get them taken down, the more these girls do porn guys say, too bad, you signed some contracts. and then because people kind of get off a lot of the time on this amateur stuff where girls are like you know this is something that I don't want anyone to see uh they're finding these videos on these doxing sites and then going to Pornhub and watching them and then they get more popular as you watch more of them because the algorithms boost them so yeah Pornhub is uh being sued quite a bit by various women involved in the girls do porn case originally and then also more that have come forward i think it's more than 100 to come forward at this point so um so so more than 100 have come forwards of girls who and women who were in these videos presumably not all of them have come forward so you know there's probably more than that right in total number of victims when you when you say that Pornhub was making money and profiting from it is that because there are ads running on the Pornhub website and then as people watch these videos ads get delivered and is it basically like an ad traffic model is that how money is involved yeah I mean it's a big part of it is it's ads and it's also just premium subscriptions because they were a premium content partner um you know they get a little bit girls of porn would get a little bit more money than another channel that's not a premium content partner um by kind of doing that kind of content sharing or like that that sort of it's not quite revenue sharing but it's like an incentive to make keep making videos and then you share some of that profit with pornhub in exchange for having like that premium placement on the site um you're converting people to subscribers basically by doing that saying like this is what you get if you're a subscriber to Pornhub Premium, you get access to a bunch of like exclusive stuff that you wouldn't, including Girls Do Porn content.

12:24Yeah, it's a weird ecosystem. Yeah, I mean, I honestly wasn't familiar with like how that premium model works, you know, and like the sort of how the profits are shared, but that makes sense. So these women start fighting back. They join these lawsuits. Before we get to the criminal stuff, which we're going to get to, especially in the second half of the show, what do those civil cases look like? These women band together and they're suing Girls Do Porn, but do they sue Pornhub as well? And sort of what is the outcome of those yeah so in 2021 50 women uh reached a settlement actually with mind geek which was the name of four notes parent company now it's called alo um but they uh they reached a settlement that the terms of which are confidential still as far as i know they were at the time but um yeah they um so we don't know how much money it was for no i mean they like basically mind geek put out a statement that was like you know we have zero tolerance for illegal content um we were working on being committed to you know yada yada internet safety um and then since then um you know in that But slightly before then, and then, you know, as this trial was ongoing, and then now today, Pornhub has changed a lot of its moderation policies.

13:59And I think in large part because of the Girls Do Porn case, because this was such an incredible shitstorm for them that they didn't take down a lot of the videos that these women asked them to initially and then got sued for it. and then have all these damages stacking up against these women that they're blaming Pornhub for. Pornhub is now a very different website than it used to be, not just because of that, but I think that was a big factor of it. It was definitely the most high-profile case of moderation failure within Pornhub. I think a lot of people didn't really realize that moderation was a tricky subject for Pornhub until the girls do porn cases.

14:43Right. People realize, wow, there might be stuff on Pornhub that shouldn't be, that people don't want there. So before they successfully were sued by the women and their lawyers, was Pornhub aware of these videos? Because as you suggest, the women had reported them saying, hey, I'm in this and I didn't consent to it, I presume, right? So they've been reporting it. the first question was pornhub aware and it seems they were and second of all like why were they not taking the videos down then before getting sued yeah i mean it's hard to say definitively what pornhub did and i didn't know honestly um i obviously the women who are suing pornhub claim that pornhub knew and they have a lot of evidence for pornhub knowing.

15:38They have receipts. They have documentation of contacting Pornhub and saying, please take this down. I'm begging you to take this down and Pornhub not taking action. At the same time, there were contracts that Pornhub was, if you're just looking at it as if you're a robot or something, which Pornhub does have human moderators, but I think a lot of it is done very quickly. But there are signed contracts from this content partner that supposedly the company trusts it's like you know maybe this stuff stays up for that reason um yeah at that point it's it's owned by girls do porn at that stage in the situation it's not owned by the women individually which later when they one of these uh lawsuits the part of the judgment um was that they now own all that content so they can get it taken down from anywhere that it appears it's hard to get it taken down still it's still on the internet they own it now yeah that's very very interesting because if they own the content that will make it so much easier for them to do a copyright takedown request and be like i own this video of me that i didn't actually originally consent to and that's really fucked up but now technically i own it so screw you please take it down right yeah exactly it's like it doesn't matter what what was intended it's mine remove it and this stuff is no longer on porn hub it's porn hub took it down when the federal when the federal trafficking case started, which is wild that it took that long.

17:08But once the feds get involved, things move a little quickly. So yeah, this content is all over the internet still, but it's not on Pornhub and that's a really big part of, and it's not on like YouPorn, it's not on any of these other sites that, you know, browsers or any of these that A-Lone owns. None of the major ones. Yeah, yeah, because they're all owned by the same company. Yes. Yeah, but they're still floating around. They're still affecting people's lives years later. It's still something that kind of haunts a lot of these women. so you mentioned the federal case that's when san diego fbi i think becomes involved right so what do they do exactly they them and doj file an indictment not just against pratt who is the ringleader and sort of the i think mastermind is giving too much credit but you know let's just the ringleader of the sex trafficking ring uh they indict him but they also indict at least one or two other people uh what happens there yeah so um there are a bunch of people involved in girls do porn ultimately it's a small operation considering how much money and how much content they made but there was pratt but there was also uh matthew wolf who was a co-owner um doug wiederholds who was one of the actors you know quote-unquote actors the abusers in the videos um ruben andre garcia who was also seen in a lot of the videos but you never see their faces um cameraman it was it was like a similar cameraman throughout a lot of it um yeah all of these guys there was a woman involved who who was like telling picking up the women from the airport and saying oh you know everything is fine these guys are great they're very nice you know kind of reassuring them so they didn't get spooked um yeah straight up epstein vibes yeah exactly it's so crazy yeah yeah it's definitely and it's you know once you kind of see the entire operation kind of unfolding and see how close-knit these people were like it was just a small thing that was like they had this large network but it was only really like six people or something um you kind of see how they're all working they're in it together by force of like mutual destruction because if one of them snitches it all falls apart so yeah the fai gets involved a lot of them flip immediately obviously um start denying that they ever were friends with right um and yeah they get they get charged with federal trafficking charges um which are very very serious um it's recent enough that you know it's like these these people could serve you know anywhere from a couple years to i don't think any of them are actually going to serve life to be fair and honest but like pratt maybe might actually i mean he's he went he became a wanted fugitive immediately he ran as soon as these indictments started coming down while the civil trial was ongoing he fled the country um and started you know his life on the run for several years so he's got it coming to him well that's exactly well let's leave it there because that leads perfectly into your piece that we published just today which is about what happened when he went on the run and this group of people tried to track him down.

20:40We'll be right back after this.

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22:34All right, and we are back to talk about the actual story from this week. I'll read the headline again. She turned ghost white, how a ragtag group of friends tracked down a sex trafficking ringleader. So to set the scene again, Michael Pratt, the ringleader of Girls Do Porn, is facing a civil suit and now a really, really big one, a criminal one from the FBI. He goes on the run. Do people think he's gone to New Zealand, where he's born? What's the status of knowing his whereabouts, or do we have no idea? I mean, there's a list of places where he might be from the FBI, because at this point they're enlisting the help of everyone.

23:22If you've seen this man, please call us. They're putting out posters. So he he could have been in New Zealand. That's one of the theories that they have. You know, Spain was also on the list. It turns out that he had actually traveled through, I think, like Tijuana or something. Like he had gone south and then flew out from there, which makes sense because he was originally in San Diego. So, yeah, he it was kind of like, where is he? We're not totally sure. But the FBI had some leads. They weren't really sharing what they were, though. And then these the legal team for the women, they had a few leads and they had narrowed it down to.

24:11He's probably in Barcelona, which we can get into why they think that. Yes. I mean, just before that, this group of friends now gets together. And I mean, some of them are professionally involved in the civil case, right? And like, who exactly is in this group of friends? And why do they take an interest in this case? Yeah, so we have Brian Holm, which is, he's the lawyer for the SIPL case, one of the lawyers for that case, who eventually, you know, becomes like the lead lawyer in this case. And he's been looking into Girls Who Porn for years, since like 2015. And then we have, let's see, who else?

25:07Charles DeBarber, who is an OZINT expert. Really interesting, fun guy, considering his background. Let me just pull it up because I want to read straight from it. he's like let's see he was former u.s army uh in senior signals intelligence he was an analyst was deployed in iraq uh became a member of the first army cyber brigade and his call sign in the military was sly fox which is just so fantastic um when you kind of see a picture of him there's a picture of him in the in the article but also he's all over the internet um but he's got like a page boy hat and is usually wearing a bow tie and has just got like a big smile on and he's actually a really fun guy to talk to but looking at his credentials it's like okay this guy means business and he does he's really good at his job um then you have ben owen who is um he is It's part of a show called Hunted, which has a couple different versions in the UK and elsewhere.

26:16Australia has one. But Hunted is like a show where you like there. Maybe people who listen to this podcast would be familiar with Hunted. But you like have a bunch of people who are pretending to be fugitives and they run around the world. And then these other hunters chase them down. So Ben is a former military sniper and British intelligence. Now he works on cybersecurity. And then his fiance, Danny Brooke, who was one of the most deployed women in the UK as an undercover officer as part of the London Met. She joined when she was 18 and she would go and infiltrate organized crime groups and kind of live as one of them.

26:59So real badass. And then we have her daughter, Amelia, who's a teenager, and she stepped in when their original Spanish translator fell through. So none of them speak fluent Spanish or fluent enough to get around doing the kind of human intelligence that they needed to do. So she came along and was a huge help because she could go into these places that they maybe wouldn't be trusted in or couldn't as this young woman and just say, hey, we're looking for this guy who's done a bunch of sex crimes. can you help us um as like a very charming uh you know friendly unassuming young woman and then of course people are super happy to help her so um yeah that's the that's the crew and why why are they all taking an interest in this beyond of course the lawyer which i think the connection is obvious because he wants to do the best job for his clients why are the other people getting involved yeah so ben and charles met each other on hunted and then and uh danny and ben also met on hunted but at a different time um and then that's how they got together and now they're engaged um and then amelia is danny's daughter obviously and then charles and ben charles and i need like a whiteboard with a bunch of maps there are a lot of names and i think uh when When you read the piece, like, it's actually not confusing.

28:28But when you're saying it out loud, it can be confusing. Yes. Yeah. Yes. But they all know each other through this mutual connection of, like, they saw what happened to these women. It pissed them off massively. And they have these really specific set of skills that they can put to use. And they were like, you know what? Let's just go get this guy. Let's figure this out. Yeah. I don't think we're even allowed to say certain set of skills because we're going to get sued by like Liam Neeson or whatever. Like, I don't know if you're allowed to do that. But anyway, so as you say, yes, exactly. It's the real life version of that, basically, in a way.

29:09So they have a few options of countries. And then you mentioned Barcelona. Just briefly, if you know, like, why does that come up as sort of a starting point? Yeah, so they had a few leads before they left for Barcelona. And one of them was they had found as part of his, you know, they had tracked him down through being a customer of Ledger, which is a crypto wallet company. and he was using an alias in in ledger named mark williamson and if you remember in 2020 ledger got hacked and exposed the names of lots of its customers along with physical addresses which is really bad just by the way but they found that name and that address at a shipping store called mailboxes etc where he had mailed some stuff from uh there and they were like well okay he was definitely here physically at some point he was using this uh this shipping location to get like ledger crypto wallet deliveries or like in barcelona in barcelona you get that in the mail so they he had picked it up there um they were like he's probably somewhere nearby there they knew that he was really obsessed with air jordans and there's a really hot market for air jordans in this particular store in barcelona it seemed and laughing because it's so crazy that like this man was like the like we said it's like masterminds too nice of a word he's like a bumbling like mess of a dude who's like going around looking for rare shoes while he's a fugitive from the FBI.

31:02I would be lying lower than that. But I guess he's got his interests. And they also knew he was really into hiring sex workers, which there's a big market for that in Barcelona. It was just a lot of things that they were like, okay, it makes sense for him to be hiding out here. He's like, he loves going to the club. You know, it's like, there's a lot of that in Barcelona. He likes weed. There's a lot of that in Barcelona. just painting a picture. He likes to gamble. I don't know. I feel like I'm giving a bad impression of Barcelona. It's a beautiful city, but... No, no, no, no. We get it. It's very, very particular on just this one actually very horrific story.

31:40You're not talking about the city. But so, yes, they have a hunch as Barcelona. They go there as a group and they sort of set up shop, I think was in a hotel or a library, but they have almost like a war room, right? and they're figuring out what to do where to go next what are some of the leads that they start pulling now that they're on the ground in barcelona yeah so the first thing they do basically is just walk around they're like if we had to retrace his day what would he do like where would he go to eat where would he go to the grocery store where would he go to pick up his mail blah blah um they go to cafes they go to bars uh they check out like uh australian and new zealand like football bars and pubs where that's you know people gather to watch that i don't know anything about any of that um but they just kind of walked around and got a lay of the land um one of the first things they did was go to the mailboxes etc store and when they went there they met the um the person who staffs that store and they're like okay great there's a guy here who must have someone here must have seen him because you can't just go in and like do it without interacting with another person and just randomly on that day as it happened like by sheer luck the person working that day had seen pratt and was like oh yeah i remember that guy uh he like looked a mess and smelled bad um oh we got our guy that's him we got yeah they were like oh my and they were like holy shit there is um that's this perfect description of him uh and everyone that like so many people that i talked to who had like physical like eyes on pratt at some point described him that way it was like disheveled was carrying around a lot of cash like in a nice designer bag like a Louis Vuitton bag but looked like he doesn't shower or bathe and smells weird and yeah it's just like a creepy dude um I love Charles had a great quote in this story he was like if you look at his picture and look in the mirror three times and say moist that's who appears as uh is pratt yeah gross a gross dude in so many ways but yeah they went to the mailboxes store they went to um a shoe store that sold air jordan's to try to find like the big seller of this particular rare shoe she had seen him pretty recently and you know was like yeah totally know who you're talking about he was definitely here um and then their most like their strongest kind of lead was they went to a nightclub and were asking all the security guards you know have you seen this guy and they had seen him a week prior so he was just there and went there all the time and would just like sit and order Hennessy and Red Bull which again gross nothing against Red Bull love a Red Bull really weird mixture and they were like I'm letting you disparage the drinks I'll let you do that yeah he would sit in the back and drink his Henny and Red Bull and with his bag of cash and like try to pick up women and they were like yeah we know that guy because he's weird and gross so yeah they were like oh my god he's been here very recently so they were really close to interacting with him you know physically and putting a hand on his shoulder and saying you know we're we know who you are we're reporting you to the police yeah it's a crazy yeah and they're handing out they're handing out photos of him to bouncers and all of that sort of thing it sounds like they're just like one step behind him basically but they they've confirmed essentially that pratt is either in barcelona or was here super super recently so obviously they can't go around and start arresting people they're private citizens basically on a holiday you know a working holiday but they're on holiday and so what do they do do they give the information to the fbi then leave like what what do they do with this information So the whole time they had been feeding this information back to the FBI and to the Spanish police.

36:08And even the FBI can't do something about it if they know where he is. It's like they can tell the local authorities, hey, our guy is there. We want him extradited. Can you arrest him, please? But they can't actually go to another country and say, we're bringing him back. so they were really reliant on the spanish police force which i mean they they had a lot to say about the spanish police and none of it was particularly positive um they were very frustrated by the fact that they hadn't gotten any of this information and whereas if they showed up just at random not random but like they just showed up and got lucky several times in a row whereas the police really were kind of sitting on their hands about this.

36:58So yeah, they passed all the information along, especially like the ID that they got from the mailboxes store and they said, you know, please do what you will with this, but, you know, this is all we could do. So they went home. They kept at it. You know, home kept working for the victims. DeBarber kept looking for, you know, any kind of trace of him online. and then um ben danny and amelia went they live in spain so they they went home and then they also they had business in like thailand like they were flying around doing international you know tv spy shit um with their cool lives so they split ways um and they didn't hear anything for a few months um until i think christmas time of that year well what did they hear and what's the deal with the little ribbon yeah so i i hope people actually go to the article and look at the images but especially the last image which is a sheet of paper printed out of uh pratt's most wanted poster from the fbi and in red marker it says captured across the front with a big red bow on it a big glittery red bow um and i actually brian had sent me that picture on whatsapp like right after he got it and was like just like sent me that without context i think i was like okay holy shit dude it seems like you got your eye um this was a couple years ago so uh it was very um cute the way how do you describe the fbi is cute it's cute the way they did it um they called Brian and were like hey we have some news for you can you come by the office before you go on Christmas break and he was like yeah sure whatever like I'm sure it's just like some new development and that's what they had waiting for him was this paper with the bow on it that said captured so nice Christmas present for for them and for all the victims to finally see this guy who'd been on the run for so long brought brought back for sure and I guess I just least my last question which is that what's the current status of pratt's case has he been convicted and waiting for sentencing is that right he's um he was extradited and then he's waiting for a trial setting date so it's like a day where he'll appear to get the day where he will be sentenced so and that date is september 6th for now it was earlier it just keeps the legal system is ridiculously slow in a lot of ways.

39:40That's just how it is. It's how it is. But like, it's, you know, we don't know yet when he's going to get sentenced or trying to make it a speedy trial. It's like, this shouldn't be a complicated jury trial. But, you know, we'll just wait and see what happens, what happens to him. But we'll find out when we'll find out when we'll find out on September 6th. Yes. Well, I really, really do urge everybody to go read the piece. you know even in 30 minutes we could barely just scratch the surface of what happened in this hunt for this fbi's you know one of the most wanted people uh you know literally offering money for information that would lead to his capture so definitely go check that out and all of you know the primary photos that sam got in there um as well please go have a read you know and check it out if you are listening to the free version of the podcast i will now play us out but if you are a paying 404 Media subscriber, we're going to quickly talk about hackers and Airbnb hopping.

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