Why we need Ladybird (Interview)

27:53If you don't do Windows, this can never succeed. Most of the world is on Windows. And we acknowledge that. We just don't know any Windows experts at the moment who happen to also work on Lady Bird. Sometimes people show up and they say that they're going to port it and they're going to help us. And then they spend a couple of days doing that and then they just disappear out the back door when they discover how much work is involved. And that has happened many times and I don't blame them for it. you know it's it's real work but it's real work that we will take on ourselves eventually because we do need to get on windows as well we want to make a browser for everybody not just people who use the same operating systems that we do or people who feel the same way we do about the web or whatever and especially now being a non-profit that's something that's very important to me is that we have sort of a very neutral stance on this type of stuff that we just have to make ourselves available everywhere to everybody, which is a bit scary, I will admit, because I don't know the first thing about Windows development.

28:57Last time I did Windows development was on 3.1, I think. So it's been a while.

29:14Hey friends, I'm here with Brandon Fu, co-founder and CEO of Paragon. Paragon lets B2B SaaS companies ship native integrations to production in days with more than 130 pre-built connectors or configure own custom integrations. Brandon, there's a certain level of pain that a product team or an engineering team has to endure. to let's just call it rolling your own integrations. Help me understand that pain, that angst for those teams. Help me understand that true pain of delayed integrations for a product, not integrating or having to roll your own integration, this seemingly slower route to integrations.

29:51I think for context, one of the reasons we started Paragon is that today the average company uses over 130 different software applications. So that means if you're a B2B software company selling into the market, there's over 130 of your customers' applications that you probably need to connect your tool to because customers today expect that any product they buy is going to work seamlessly with the hundreds of other applications that they're using. Of course, we see this when companies come to us and they say, hey, we have a backlog of 10 or 20 or 50 integrations that our sales team has told us we're losing deals because customers are asking us to integrate with all these different apps and we can't deliver on those integrations.

30:31Or maybe our competitors are integrating with these tools. And the problem that that results in for product and engineering teams, of course, is how do we build and maintain these integrations in a way that's scalable, that we can not just satisfy what customers are asking for us today, but we can maintain those integrations in a way that's scalable for the next hundred customers, the next hundred integrations that we need to build. So for engineering, one of the challenges, obviously the backlog and prioritizing time for certain features or integrations. But then there's this other side where you got to really learn every single API and everything is hand rolled, custom, maintained.

31:09And over time, that kind of gets, I got to imagine kind of taxing on teams. What do you think? So most engineers know that, you know, every API is completely different, can be completely different in terms of how they handle authentication, in terms of how they deal with different record types. And so it becomes this problem for engineering teams to basically have to become experts in other people's APIs and what could be dozens or hundreds of different APIs. And to build those integrations we've seen can take as much as three to six months per integration for a developer to write the code to build that integration.

31:45And it depends on the use case, of course, and the type of product that you're integrating with. But of course, that becomes a massive challenge at scale when you're looking at how do we scale our product to support, you know, 10 or 20 or 50 different integrations. So again, Paragon was really designed to solve that problem and to distill the complexities and the nuances and the differences between hundreds of different SaaS apps into a single connecting platform, into a single SDK that your engineers can install in your app and then easily connect your products to all these different SaaS applications in the market.

32:19Okay, Paragon is built for product management, it's built for engineering, it's built for everybody. Ship hundreds of native integrations into your SaaS application in days. Or build your own custom connector with any API. Learn more at useparagon.com slash changelog. Again, useparagon.com slash changelog. That's U-S-E-P-A-R-A-G-O-N dot com slash changelog.

33:06you'd mentioned i think in your faqs really the the use of third-party libraries can you speak to i guess the uh freedom you may have now comparative to serenio s's you know strict no third party we write it ourselves kind of montage right express how that's changing for you yeah so that's been a big change and part of why it was so easy to lift ladybird from serenity os to other operating systems was that ladybird was like this big dense package that just had the whole code stack in one pile so once you figured out how to get pixels to show up on the screen everything just worked. And it was like you took a window out of Serenity OS and just lifted it over to Linux or Mac OS.

33:54But building everything ourselves was great in Serenity OS. It was great for personal therapy and building a kindergarten for computer programmers. Those kind of purposes, great. But for shipping a product in two years, insisting on writing every line of code ourselves was getting in the way a little bit. And we decided that we're going to relax and say, maybe we don't have to do everything ourselves. Like, maybe we don't have to say that we are experts at all of these things. Like, we don't have to be the expert at image formats or encryption or 2D accelerated graphics on the GPU or whatever.

34:38There are all these things that are not really core competencies of a browser that we don't really need to do ourselves. And we decided to just let go of Serenity OS's rule or mindset that everything has to be built by us. And we said, everything that isn't really a web technology, we can just lean on the open source ecosystem and take advantage of mature, high-performance libraries that exist. And this has been hugely profitable for performance, for productivity, And for correctness, we've been able to just take ready-made components that do a lot of stuff that we need to do, and they work better and faster than what we had.

35:22And we've been able to delete, I think, like 150 ,000 lines of code or something like that, just by lifting in libraries that everybody had on their computers anyway. So it's fantastic, really. And there's been some social challenges to this because a lot of people were really attracted to the project because of this mentality that we do everything ourselves. We don't care how long it takes. We don't care if it sucks. It's ours. It's attractive. A lot of people love that environment. I love that environment. I wanted people to have that. And that was also one of the reasons that the fork made a lot of sense because then the fork could retain that way of working where in Serenity OS still they have those 150 ,000 lines of code that we wrote ourselves And they will continue to live on in that world, unbothered by the greater OSS ecosystem.

36:13But in Ladybird, we leverage existing stuff to make it possible to ship in this lifetime, basically. Mm-hmm. And other freedoms that you have now too is to evaluate, as you say, a mature successor. I'm quoting the FAQ, a mature successor language. C++ was the language you chose for your purposes. It was personal convenience for you, as you mentioned. But there's opinions out there. And I'm sure there's opinions sort of like, well, now that you have the freedom, can you choose something different? Can you speak to what this evaluation period might be, what that language might be, thoughts, expectations, et cetera?

36:52Sure. He doesn't like Rust. I remember you don't like Rust from last time because of the lack of object-oriented, right? Was that you that said that, Andrea? That sounds like exactly what I would say. Okay. Okay. Sounds like him. Definitely sounds like him. I just throw that in there. All right. Yes. Yes. Okay. I'm preceded by my previous statements. We have a transcript too. You can change your mind. You have the right to change your mind. No, no. That's still accurate, but we still evaluated Rust recently. So what I've done is I've asked a bunch of people to please implement these things in a couple of different languages.

37:31And then we can talk about how that went, what you liked about each language, and which one you would like to work in every day. And what we ended up with was that people were initially excited to work in Rust because there's a lot of hype and it's like a popular language. You would think that it's the greatest thing since sliced bread. And in many ways it is if what you want is a sliced bread. Or I don't know where I'm going with that, but it works well for a lot of things. Slice bread 2.0. Slice bread 2.0, right. But it turns out it's not ideal for building a browser because the browser stack sits on top of this API that was designed in the 90s that sort of inspired by Java and XML and stuff like that at the time.

38:20All this 90s API and it's at the core of the whole web stack. and it's super object oriented and it's just hard to express all that stuff in Rust because Rust doesn't lend itself to object oriented programming. It doesn't have inheritance, for example, which is a very fundamental building block. And so what happened was I asked people to write in Rust and they were initially excited and then they came back frustrated and nobody had a good time working in Rust, as far as I understood. When doing anything but trivial programs that like take an input and transform it into something else, the moment you try to model something sort of in a browser space, it just became tedious.

39:04So we looked at some other languages, and the one that everybody has liked so far has been Swift. So it's a bit of an unlikely candidate, but we decided to look at it because it is a safe, modern language that has great object-oriented programming capabilities. I would say it's even better than C++ in many ways. And it's a little weird because it feels like an Apple product almost, but they've been making great strides on Linux and Windows, especially now the upcoming Swift 6 is looking like it's going to be a really good release on other platforms as well so that's sort of where the ship is pointing right now we haven't committed to it because we're still figuring out how to do some things but we're really it's really been really positive and everybody's enjoyed working in it myself included it's been fantastic so that's sort of what we're looking at it's quite a vote of confidence for swift chris do you have a dog in the language race over here are you are you involved in these details or are you largely uninvolved in that kind of stuff?

40:16I'm not involved. I'm a huge fan of Rust. I've written a lot of Rust. I don't think anyone should write web applications in it unless maybe you're trying to scale to the moon. You know, programming languages are tools and they're suited to certain tasks. So it totally makes sense to me that Rust might not be the best for building what they're building. And, you know, you need these object-oriented concepts in the document model and things like that. And so you got to use the tool that is best for the job. What I have think I've told Andreas from the beginning, and you know, it's their decision, but I'm a huge fan of the memory safe languages, huge fan of what Rust does provide in terms of safety.

40:53And I know Swift has a lot of that too. So that's something that I really think the whole industry should be moving towards. And so I'm just happy with the decisions that they're making. Surprised about Swift, but my good friend is a huge Swift. I don't know what you can call it anymore uh swifty cultists rewrite everything in swift so uh we've been chatting about it and he's super excited about it too how tethered is swift to apple i think that'd be my only concern is i know it's it is open source it's separate but like contributions are they open i don't know much about the evolution of the swift language and how i guess contributable it may be or literally open source it is, you know, in terms of contributions and direction, like how Apple tethered is it?

41:37Open source on GitHub. It was one of the, maybe the first time Tim Cook said the word GitHub in a keynote. It was a huge day for us. Yeah. I got, I got a Swift t-shirt and everything. Did you put it in your quilt? Not yet. It's in my quilt. It's in my museum quilt. Oh yeah. It's in there. Awesome. Yeah. No, I think they recently announced at WWDC this year that they are moving Swift from the Apple org on GitHub to its own Swiftlang org. So they're kind of stepping it outside of the Apple company, and they want to turn it into its own organization that can have people from other companies, other communities join and participate in the governance and evolution of the language.

42:17So that's something that seems like a great thing for us. And we We haven't contributed code yet, but we have contributed bug reports. So we're looking forward to see how that process goes as well. I think historically, it's been pretty tied into Apple stuff. And it's still true that you do end up pulling in a chunk of Apple code that you sort of have to use as the standard library in Swift. You have to use the foundation library and like Grand Central Dispatch and these kind of things serve as the standard library in Swift. But outside of that, you are left to your own devices and you can call C code.

43:00And Swift, unlike Rust, actually has official investment in C++ interoperability, which is a huge deal for us because we have half a million lines of C++ that we are carrying around and it's going to take time to do any kind of incremental rewrite or anything like that. so in in the reality where we're like doing a ship of theseus maneuver on our project having a successor language that actually tries to interoperate with c++ is essential so what that means in practice is that swift has facilities that allow you to call from c++ to swift and from swift to c++ it's not always completely trivial to do so especially if you have weird complicated objects with confusing ownership.

43:49But there's a way to make them talk to each other. And we didn't get the feeling that that's nearly as easy in Rust land because at the risk of being slightly controversial, I get the impression that people in the Rust land would rather make fun of C++ than help C++ programmers interoperate with Rust, which is unfortunate. It is unfortunate. You are correct, though. the new GitHub organization for Swift was announced on June 10th. So that is true. GitHub.com slash SwiftLang. Are you fact checking me, Adam? Well, you know, I'm a podcaster. I'm behind the scenes checking some things. I'm just ringing true.

44:30We're just following along. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Sure, sure. Good. That's good. You know, we're here to also point the audience to the right direction, not just have a conversation with you. So I'm confirming your facts are true for the audience. Well played, Andreas. Well played. Yeah, I think this is all cool. I mean, obviously, I think when you look at, when we zoom back out, we think Chris's response was, okay, two years is a short time frame in terms of alpha. I don't disagree with that. I think the mountain is daunting, but as you said, Chris, you're not coding it. So, hey, you don't have to worry about that.

45:04It's only daunting for Andreas, you know? Right. And he doesn't get scared of anything, so we're good. This is his problem, not necessarily yours. And I suppose the team that gets hired, which is a small team now, and you're hiring at a pace that keeps an 18-month clip in the bank to have runway. But if you're thinking like a 10-year process, this next bet, if you do make a major native language change to the core code that's being written for Lady Bird, it has to be the right one, right? So you want to, as you said, the ship is pointing to a direction. It's pointing to Swift. I think that was a cool process too, to kind of give that task to those who are daily writing Lady Bird code, evaluate languages, write something that you like and kind of report back versus this other route.

45:47But it's kind of crucial, this next choice, right? I mean, it would kind of suck to be two years down the road and have to rewrite things because maybe Swift wasn't the right choice or whatever wasn't the right choice. There's a lot of weight on this. Yeah, which is why we've been taking so long and we're still hemming and hawing a little bit because whatever we choose, we're going to be stuck with for a long time. There are other alternatives, but one that I like in particular is there's this guy named Sean Baxter who is doing a weirdly heroic one-man effort to evolve C++. He has his own C++ compiler called Circle and he has adapted the memory safety model of Rust to C++ and then build the compiler that shows that you can actually do this.

46:37And he did it all himself. And he's been like dabbing on people on Twitter, for lack of a better term, about how it is actually possible to do this. And he recently spoke to the C++ Standards Committee, showing them like, look, you say that this is impossible, but I did it. Can we talk about making C++ safe now? and they seemed interested, but it's the C++ standards committee. So even if they're ultra interested, this might get into a standard in eight years or something, who knows? So we want to ship something to users sooner than C++ can evolve. So we don't really have the luxury of waiting for that kind of thing.

47:21And I think, as Chris was saying, memory safety is very important. It is unfortunate that this thing started as a hobby project for me to chillax. And I just wrote in C++ and then the whole thing snowballed and accidentally built a browser. And now we accidentally built one in C++ and we have to steer it towards safety. If I were to start over, obviously I would do it differently. But we are where we are. So what we have to do from my perspective is we just have to isolate the most security sensitive parts of the program. where we're dealing with untrusted data from the network, stuff like that, and focus on converting those to a safe language first and then over time other parts as well.

48:09And it's going to be a daunting subtask of a daunting main task. So it's just more daunting and who cares? You just have to do it. Do you feel like you're treading water in the meantime between now and this decision and this eventual future? because obviously there's other things to be working on, but would you want to go in two directions at once? Or you always have that deal of like, well, it's kind of like when you're waiting for the new phone to come out, you're like, do I buy a new phone right now? Or do I just wait until September? Because right now would be kind of a waste. And are you having that in the meantime before you pull the trigger?

48:42No, not really. Okay, good. We're going to be stuck with C++ for years anyway, whatever we do. Because we can't rewrite in any language fast enough that the alpha would be totally rewritten. So we're going to have to just focus on converting the most important parts that we can with the highest value items for safety is valuable. And I guess there's also the part where using a safe language allows us to do concurrency. It's something that we don't really exploit very much in our browser. You may have 16 cores on your CPU, but we will only use one because we are treading cautiously in C++. If you, once we move to a safe language, we can do things in parallel and not worry about race conditions and things like that.

49:28So that's an area as well that we want to use a safe language to exploit. But I'm not at all concerned about having both languages in parallel. That's reality is going to be that way anyway. And we have tons of people just working on improving web support right now. And they're probably going to continue working in C++ for the foreseeable future. And this is more of a long-term play to move to another language. Awesome. Let's talk support. Chris, you kicked off the support, you and your family. There's also availability for sponsorship. There are some companies sponsoring now. Your company as well is one of those.

50:09And so can you lay out how the support will work, how it's working now and how you hope it works down the road to get to this vision that you all are building? If you're listening to this, please donate to Lady Bird. There you go. Say more. Yeah, I mean, we want it to be a nonprofit for a lot of reasons. One is that we want everything to be transparent. We want to focus on the development of the browser. But I think more importantly, we want this to be for the people using it. We don't want there to be corporate interests. So, you know, there's a lot of ways we could have done this. It could have been a startup.

50:45It could have been something privately funded. But I think it's really important that the sort of North Star, as VCs like to talk about, is building a browser for the people using it. And that's just not the case with any popular browser today, right? They all have different reasons for existing. They all have different things they talk about in their planning meetings and their board meetings and whatnot. And so it is important that we get donations from the people using it. But like I said, you know, I think my involvement is really to help get this thing started and get the foundation in place and get it going to an alpha.

51:18And I would love to see the support grow as more and more people are able to use it. I don't think we're going to have like this massive amount of support this year that we can be able to hire all these people because you really don't have something that you can use yet. But I think that there are people chipping in, which is super helpful. They're going to help us get to that point. And once people can download this and use it, I think it's going to be a whole different game. And I think more and more people are going to be more willing to donate. So, yeah, I mean, that's really the plan is to get us to the alpha, show that this is real.

51:44It's something you can use at the same time, try to bring in more folks to help us build it and then make it a real nonprofit. Who can use it today, Andreas? Is it people who can or literally working on it? Chris, do you have it on your machine? I mean, is it even too early for Chris Wanstroth? I build it. I check websites in it. I check all my websites in it. I'm not using it as a daily driver or anything, but it builds on Mac and you can definitely, I mean, it's actually shocking how much you can use it. I will say anyone using will notice it crashes a lot, but like in terms of what renders, it's kind of amazing how far it is.

52:21Nice. Andreas, who should try it out this early? Developers only, early adopters, enthusiasts? what uh definitely developers and perhaps anybody who's curious about what a pre-alpha browser looks like but if you try to use it as a daily driver you will be completely disappointed very quickly but if you are any kind of software developer please use it please disappoint yourself and then get interested in fixing the thing that disappointed you there you go because It is actually really easy to get started. And Chris will tell you that it's really easy to build as well. I never had to help him build it or anything.

53:03Nice. I have internal projects at unlaunched startups that are harder to build than Lady Bird. That is the truth. There you go. That's a vote of confidence. Yeah. The docs under the build instructions for Lady Bird seem pretty clear. I mean, you've got a clear path, at least for macOS, which is probably a large population of developers. Obviously, Linux is a large population of developers as well, but I'm just reading through the build steps and the process to get even a macOS system in place to be able to do a build. And it seems pretty straightforward. Now, I have not done it, but it reads well.

53:42So maybe it performs well in the build process. I don't know. Yeah. I mean, that's kind of half the battle is like getting into a place where you can have people build it even on their own. You know, I suppose even though there's an alpha stage for two years from now, what is the allergy to providing some version of even like early, like pre-alpha releases? Like what's the allergy to at least providing maybe a slightly easier path and go build it yourself? it's the observation that when you do that you get a lot of low quality unactionable bug reports more of that than anything else and it is i would say kind of not fun to have to tell people yeah i understand that that website you tried doesn't work i'm sorry it's a pre-alpha thank you for reporting the problem and then you have to do that like 20 times a day and we get one chance to make a good first impression and i would prefer that they we don't make that first impression today because it's not going to be great yeah the impression today is the mission not the artifact that's right the artifact a year or two from now will be far more polished far more impressionable whereas the mission i think a lot of people will align with which is why i kind of began the conversation with the why because i think the why is what attracts we all get it it's at this stage.

55:07Right. I think the why is super attractive because, you know, being frank, Chris, you bring a great name to the table. Like, your pedigree and what you've done for software developers forever is amazing, right? Creating GitHub is a big, big deal. Leading GitHub to where it's at today is a major deal. And you've thrown your hat in. And I think that's the first time I've seen you in public. I've seen you on Twitter slash X. But, like, you even put out a video to throw your hat in the game. Like that's, to me, that's a big deal. So like the why and the perspective of, hey, look at Lady Bird, I think has got a nice spotlight on it.

55:44Yeah, I'm not an angel investor. I don't do a lot of things. And so the things that I do, I want to make sure they're really meaningful to me and that they're going to be meaningful to other people. Because yeah, I just feel like this matters and it's important and it could be big. And even if it's not the biggest, it can have a really big impact. So that's why I want to be part of it. But yeah, I'm very selective with the things I get involved in. You will be seeing more of me in public over the next few years, I will tell you that. But this is definitely something where I'm just excited about it.

56:16I can imagine that even just your life, while the turnout for you has been, let's just say, well above amazing, it took a toll on your mental health, your personal mental runway, your ability to show up. and you want to sort of like retract and steep yourself into all the things like you had said you were ceoing you weren't able to daily code as much as you'd like to i gotta imagine that was a great thing for you to sort of step away unplug from you know the system so to speak kind of re-immerse yourself in things that matter to you and obviously like i said this is the first thing i've seen from you your video for ladybird since i think maybe on stage with satya you know or that video with Satya announcing the GitHub acquisition.

57:01Like that was, it's been a bit. That would have been June, 2018. Yeah. Are you asking me if I have a post-traumatic stress from the GitHub experience? The answer is yes. It's a resounding yes. And you know, it's like not to get too much into this, but it's one of these things where the role I was in as CEO, especially at the end, there was a thousand people. There's a lot of anxiety with that, right? Because there's so much uncertainty and you're trying to do the right thing and you have all these competing sort of interest from the board to the employees, to the users, to the different types of customers.

57:31And if you're not a super secure person, that can be really hard. And I was steeped in insecurity because in my mind, I'm a programmer, I'm a product person. And making this transition to CEO, it was a new thing for me, even though I've been cumulatively have done it for over eight years there. It wasn't how I thought of myself. I thought of myself as a programmer, as a product person. So there was a lot of anxiety at the end. And I thought the day that I handed the keys over to Microsoft, the next day, the anxiety would be gone, and my mental health would be fixed. And that's not true. Anyone who's gone through this knows just, you build up these habits, and you start feeling anxious about other things.

58:06And so for me, personally, I think I had to go through it almost like, like, self care period of figuring out how to be myself again, figuring out what mattered to me. You know, honestly, my email was Chris at GitHub for 11 years. And then all of a sudden, I don't have that email address anymore. So there's a lot of my identity tied up in being one of the GitHub people, being the GitHub guy. So yeah, I wasn't sure what I would do after. And I certainly knew I wasn't going to do enterprise productivity software or anything related to venture capital, San Francisco tech world ever again. But I just went back to what I love.

58:41And I love programming. I love the web. I love games. I love working with creators. I love helping prop other people up. And so a lot of what I'm doing now is in the world game development, working with game developers, working with programmers there. But something like Lady Bird, I mean, it's exactly what I'm interested in. It's exactly what I want to be a part of. And it's exactly what I want to see in the world as a consumer. And having the success of GitHub and being in this position where, yes, I think we did a lot of things to make it successful, but we're also just like ahead of a freight train.

59:10I mean, it got so much bigger and better than I could have imagined. I feel like I have to sort of pay it forward. And it's my responsibility now to use some of my success and resources to help make other projects thrive. And Lady Bird is one of those. It's good to hear. It's a good sentiment too. I think that I wasn't sure really how deep the PTSD might go because – Very deep. From the outside, people think, oh, money solves problems, right? Because I'm sure you got a nice paycheck from all of your hard work, which is what you're suggesting here. You're taking your resources and things like that and even your donation from your family towards this nonprofit and even putting your work into it and your name into it.

59:46Like that's part of it. but I think you can probably agree that money doesn't solve all the problems. You still have that, that sort of inner, I don't want to say like ego in a negative way, but like this ego in terms of like who you think you are, what you think you can do. Now I would just say, maybe you can just resurrect logical awesome and kind of go back to that email address. I don't know. Versus or air the blog, dude, air the blog. Right. Bring it back. Go back to your roots potentially. And, but I do agree. Like Chris at GitHub.com was part of who you were and losing that was a change.

1:00:24Definitely. I started GitHub when I was 22 and when I left, I was 33. And so it's just a huge chunk of my life and a huge chunk of my growing up. I mean, I don't know why anyone would do listen to a 22 year old CEO at this point, but that's, that's what happened. Yeah. And yeah, I mean, money does solve a lot of problems, but at the end of GitHub, I didn't have money problems. I already had a bunch of money, you know what I mean? And so my problems were not problems that were going to be solved by an even larger paycheck, as great as that is. It was mental identity, sort of those sorts of anxiety problems.

1:00:57And yeah, more money doesn't solve those. In fact, it can make those problems worse. Right. Yeah, because you can kind of be alone in quotes. I'm putting air quotes. You can be alone and you're crazy with a bucket of cash and just freedom to do whatever. And that can be very destructive. Yeah, very destructive. Great word, Jared. yeah very destructive glad to see you dove back into the code yeah and now you're making video games that seems like the perfect solution i mean maybe that's that's what i would do i'd like write some code and make some video games i mean coding's fun right like it just is the the act of it uh making ideas become real you know i'm not a person who paints i'm not that kind of artist but i feel like when i hear people talking about painting or something like that it's therapeutic to them.

1:01:43And it's something that you can work on for a long time, maybe sometimes two years, and you appreciate the process and you appreciate the end result. And that's what coding is for me. And so I like working on toys. But I think the other thing I identify with Andreas is, Serenity is a great project, but ultimately, it's sort of a hobbyist project. It doesn't have this sort of take over the world end goal. It doesn't have this goal of even, I think, being used by tons of consumers or replacing anything. It's really for knowledge and community and fun. Whereas Ladybird is a little bit more serious, you know?

1:02:15And I think that it's, people are drawn to something like that. You're drawn to something like that as a creator to feel like what you're doing every day is going to matter and make like a positive impact in the way you can. And I'm as drawn to that as anyone. So it's one of the reasons that I've been working on a, not just games, but a game creation platform. Because, you know, it's fun to work on open source projects with an anonymous GitHub profile, but it's even more fun to build something serious that lots of people can use and can help them achieve their goals. Are you still anonymous on GitHub?

1:02:45Or are you also, have you come out? It's me? Well, a couple people know. I made a couple of friends through that. Probably it was the first, you know, it was the first pull request I ever sent that the person receiving it didn't know I was, you know, one of the creators of GitHub. So that was an interesting experience to get into these communities. And I will tell you, being a part of GitHub, being a part of seeing customer support, hearing lots of complaints, and hearing what people don't like and where they want you to go, a lot of the community is very welcoming. And it's very positive. It's very inclusive.

1:03:20And so maybe it's part of my mental health struggles and I was focusing on the wrong things. But I first sent my first pull request as an anonymous person. And they were just overjoyed to have a contributor, right? And it was a community I got pulled into. So I made a lot of friends that I eventually pulled off the mask and told them who I was. But now I'm not really contributing to open source presently. Everything I'm doing is closed source, a lot of it with the intent to become open source in the future. So I'm basically not sending PRs to random projects right now. Gotcha. So I love that you're putting so much behind Ladybird, but I wonder with your coding chops, why don't you throw in, why don't you ask Andreas if he needs any help, why don't you get in there and get in the action.

1:04:01We've talked about it. I mean, I've done a ton of programming languages as hobbies. You know, I did the crafting interpreters book and building an interpreter and go, building a compiler and go. I did the mile NAL project on GitHub, make a list where they just give you tests and they give you the list file and you and you implement the list in your own language and make get them to pass. I did the from NAND to Tetris course that's available online. That was the thing I put a lot of time into. and I've made just tons of programming languages that are like 40 to 20 percent complete. So the JavaScript stuff they're doing really interested me, but I just, um, there's a lot of responsibility.

1:04:40You know, if I'm programming for fun right now, I'm making a game that no one's going to play. That's sort of where I'm at. Right. Well, Andreas, it's a lot of responsibility. I mean, you were making a toy OS, but now you're making a serious browser. I know you're not daunted but you know the rest of us might be sure yeah but it's also really familiar for me because i was a professional browser developer for most of my adult career so um it's really like going back to something nice and familiar and just running a victory lap almost in a way but it's a very long victory lap because we have to build the whole thing but yeah it just feels good to be back in that business.

1:05:19And the fact that I've been able to build a community of people around it as well is super cool, I will say. And I do always want to give credit to the people who have been developing it with me because it certainly hasn't been a one-man effort. I sometimes read about myself on the internet that I'm doing a heroic one-man effort to build a browser. And it's very tiresome because there are over a thousand people who have contributed to the repository on GitHub. So I just want to call out and say that it's super cool that I've been able to get all these people interested in browser development just by sheer force of my enthusiasm for the field in some ways.

1:06:02And even Chris was drawn into it in some way. And I think it's a beautiful thing that GitHub enables. So it's just a nice synergy of things. Yeah. Well, I'd say, Andres, you have a nice kind of tractor beam effect. I think you just naturally pull people in with your, maybe it's just your relaxed ways, but also your skills and your applied work and your ability just to continuously show up and toil away at minor things that build into bigger things is, I think, very laudable and admirable. We keep talking about this 2026 alpha. And I keep wondering, well, what does that even look like? Have you defined what an alpha looks like?

1:06:45I know there's test suites that you can try to get 200 % on with the specs and stuff, but is it like X number of websites will render without crashes? Or is it just like the time is up? We said 2026, we have to ship something. What's that alpha going to be defined as? So we have a giant document with things that we want the alpha to be able to do. And the document is too large at the moment. We have to whittle it down a little bit. but a large part of the document is a list of websites that we want to work and sort of what we want these websites to be able to do so you have things like i want to be able to go on facebook and make a post and like somebody else's post and then you also have things like i want this benchmark to have this score at least and it's just a mix of things that we kind of believe will together form a useful browser.

1:07:44But it's a really hard problem to decide what makes a useful browser, because everybody out there uses like a slightly different set of websites every day. You know, I'm sure that we all check a couple of ones that we all have in common, right? But then, you know, one of us goes to a Taiwanese basket weaving forum that nobody else goes to. And then that's that has to work for that one person and for the alpha we are focusing on the things we have in common i'll say that but it is probably the case that our own developers will just naturally test with their own favorite websites so a lot of random things will will be in there as well in terms of performance that's probably the area where we are going to do the worst what we are primarily focused on at the moment is compatibility we want to be compatible with a large number of websites and use cases right where you can do your daily tasks and if we are slow at that but it works we're gonna probably still go ahead because compatibility right now is the name of the game there are just so many features that we have to figure out how to implement And getting them to go fast is not going to be terribly complicated once we have everything in place.

1:09:04It used to be my main responsibility when I worked on Safari for six years was make it go fast. And I know most of the tricks that you do to make a browser go fast. And we haven't done any of them yet. So that's just a task for the future. so compatibility and stability and then there's also an issue that i know is sensitive for a lot of people which is um automatic crash reports or telemetry which is something that we want to be extremely careful with because not everybody wants to have their browser send usage statistics and whatnot to other people over the internet so it's something that we're going to be taking very seriously and not not mislead anybody about a browser or browser like being completely private if if it does indeed send some kind of usage statistics that's one of the main things i've heard from people about that they're worried about that the browser would phone home i think uh that's yeah it's a sensitive issue for a lot of people and i know from working at apple that telemetry is can be tremendously useful because apple gathers a lot of telemetry about um how Safari is used and then that is used then to like prioritize work and learn about which websites might not be working right, things like that.

1:10:29But they have the advantage of scale, which we don't have. So they can do this thing called differential privacy, where they sort of use the sheer number of users to anonymize using statistics. And then Apple actually never learns which websites you looked at and they're still able to gather actionable data. We're not going to have that, but I think that we will be able to find something and then we will be honest about how that works and give people the option to enable it or not.

1:11:08Well, friends, I'm here in the breaks with one of my new friends over at 1Password, Martin Shosh, software developer at 1Password on the SDK team. 1Password now has SDKs as well as their CLI that allows you to build secrets management integrations using Go, JavaScript, or Python, and they're available right now. So Martin, how can developers use these SDKs today? Give me some examples. Yeah, so the CLI was built more for managing your 1Password account and accessing it from the terminal and writing various scripts for local automations. But the SDKs really go a step beyond that, where you can build these automations into other pieces of software.

1:11:51You can run them in cloud functions. You can build them into your natively running desktop apps, which now are also able to leverage functionality such as loading data from 1Password, rotating secrets in 1Password, creating new items and more. Yeah. So in addition to this awesome new functionality you're going to give developers to leverage 1Password in such unique ways, I think it's also worth noting how you built these SDKs. You have a core Rust library that generates these various SDKs. What's the backstory? When we started the SDK project, one of our goals was to really build the SDKs in a scalable way where a relatively small team can maintain multiple SDKs at the same time and we can add support for more languages and also add more functionality to them as time goes on.

1:12:42To achieve that level of scalability, we design the SDKs in a way that they all leverage a shared Rust library that's written once and it has all the features of all the SDKs inside of it. Now to make this library accessible in each language, we generated a wrapper for that library in each of the supported languages. This wrapper code is automatically generated, so this gives us even more speed, agility when adding new features to the SDKs because we just add the feature to the SDK core library and each of the SDKs automatically gets updated to expose the new functionality in all of the languages.

1:13:25That's so cool. Okay, the next step is to go to 1Password.com slash changelogpod. They've given our listeners an exclusive extended free trial to all the developers out there to use 1Password for 28 days. That's not 14 days, but 28 days. They doubled it. Make sure you go to 1Password.com slash changelogpod to get that exclusive signup bonus. Or head to developer.1password.com to learn about 1Password's new SDKs available right now. their amazing developer tooling, their CLI, their SSH and Git integrations, their CICD integrations, and so much more. Again, 1Password.com slash changelawpod or developer.1password.com to learn more.

1:14:18Are either of you guys a fan of the movie Click from Adam Sandler? I haven't seen it. Chris, I know you're a fan. I've not seen it. No? Never seen it. What? No way. I've seen it, but I don't like it. No, I haven't seen it either. I do know that it's the one where he can change his channel and it changes his world instead of the TV, right? This is a left-field type of way to open it up, but it does land, I promise. Okay? So I'll paint a plot picture for you. Okay. Just briefly to set up the question. So Adam Sandler's character, Michael Newman, He goes into the store. Christopher Walken is the opposing character that shows him this magical universal remote that allows him to control time.

1:15:04And he essentially gets to fast forward through things, whether they're bad or good. And the question really is, if you had this click remote and you can fast forward past this daunting next few years or the hard parts to the five year mark of Lady Bird being out there. And you can it's almost a magic wand. and you can wave this magic wand, what would the browser world look like with Lady Bird being available, polished, amazing, all the things, whatever your dreams might be? And why would people choose or care that Lady Bird exists? So my hope is that we can make something that some people just love to use.

1:15:45It doesn't have to be the best browser or the fastest or the fanciest or any of those things. We don't have to beat Google and Firefox, but it will be something that some people just gravitate towards because they like that indie spirit of it. They like that it's independent. They like that it's user first, let's say, truly user first. And they just vibe with our mission. And I would love it if the browser is almost like a generic thing that just it's just a browser you don't even necessarily know that it's ladybird that you're using like i think at least one of my parents refers to the browser as the internet not by its name and i think that's pretty cool if somebody would refer to ladybird as the internet kind of like how you buy a hammer and you probably don't know what brand of hammer it is if we can make a browser that allows somebody to access the web without even caring what the browser is then i would say we've done a good thing.

1:16:50And one thing that happened with Firefox when that came out was that tech people got super excited about it. And I was one of them. Chris was one of them. He even paid to be in the newspaper promoting it. I was so excited about Firefox 1.0 that I told everyone in my family that we're going to use Firefox now. Yeah, that's right. Same. Yeah. And I would love it if we can do something similar with Ladybird where something that tech people get excited about because they understand what we're about they understand the mission they understand the value of an independent totally independent browser there's like independent implementation that doesn't have any loyalties to the advertising industry and all of this good stuff and then they can go and tell their families hey we're we're a Ladybird family now and then you know all those family members will go on the internet with Ladybird that's that's what I would like to achieve Chris, how about you?

1:17:45I'm most looking forward to the blockchain integration and the AI-powered features, I think. That's what I'm looking forward to. Right, you forgot to talk about those. Yeah, no, it's going to be a huge part of it. And then the in-browser monetization scheme. Look, I'm not a browser power user. You know, I just use the browser that seems the fastest and the most stable on my machine. I don't have a ton of plugins. The only plugin I swear by is the one that prevents websites from disabling paste, because I have to use a lot of, like, bank and HR software websites. And they always try to make you type in numbers by hand and that drives me nuts.

1:18:17So for me, if it's lightweight, if it's stable, if it's fast, I'm switching to it immediately. And I just haven't really found that in a browser today. And I think the privacy concerns are real. I think they're getting worse. And so if I can use a browser where I trust the code and what the vendor is doing with my information, that's really appealing to me. But personally, my needs are very simple, and it would be very easy for me to switch from what I'm using today to something now. What's your daily driver right now? The internet. Actually, let me check. No, the internet. Yeah, I just use Chrome.

1:18:51Surprising. That is a good base, really. Just a browser that works, that cares about your privacy, that is independent, that has this nonprofit aspect to it. I think the nonprofit aspect means that you don't have ties, like you had said, to the advertising world or these loyalties that are in basically every other browser world. I think being called the Internet is kind of cool. I think we all got behind GetFirefox when it was GetFirefox.com. I think that was the domain for Firefox for the longest time, right? That's pretty cool. I think that's really admirable. There's things I think people care about too beyond that.

1:19:33Like I'm a piehole fan, a network level DNS blocker. I think there's new services out that you can tap into that we have a Slack community. There's like 7 ,000 people in our main channel. There's always conversations about home labbing and TV shows and sci-fi books and coding, obviously. But one thing that was mentioned there was like different DNS privacy services. Is there room in this world or care in this world for Lady Bird to kind of at the browser level? Maybe not like local DNS level, but like browser level, like to protect people's privacy. Because I feel like every browser out there somehow violates this, this privacy.

1:20:13I think there's room for a lot of interesting privacy features. And it's certainly an area where we want to innovate. But at the moment, we don't exactly know what that picture looks like because we're so caught up in just the compatibility with random websites. So we haven't like we haven't really differentiated in any interesting technical way yet. But I specifically to your question about like DNS privacy, that to me feels like something almost like extensions could provide as long as you give extensions a way to provide that. And I don't know exactly how that would work technically, but we can we can find a way to make that work.

1:20:49I suppose less like how can you do it, but more like is it is that part of your motivation, too? Because like if it is in quotes the Internet, then people go there expecting it to be the Internet. and you've got tech users who will get Firefox installed on their random friend's computer or mother's or whomever's computer because, hey, it's got tabs and it's better, which is what we said 15 years ago or more when we were all excited about Firefox. If you want that same thing to be transplanted or a version of it, then those people may gravitate towards it. If it inherently has privacy-related features like that that protect people from when they use in quotes the internet, they're always protected.

1:21:30Is that a motivation, I suppose, more than just can you implement it? I would say I'm keen on the idea as long as that doesn't mean that we suddenly get all that information. I want to make sure that we don't become a middleman in any kind of privacy scheme because I feel like that's not a responsibility that we should have, nor should anybody else. But if there's some sort of decentralized scheme that allows private access to DNS, a private access to whatever you need through your browser. I would say that's very interesting for us. It's almost like a built-in mesh net. I mean, I have no idea how this will work, so I'm literally just throwing buzzwords out, so forgive me.

1:22:11But it's almost like you have this inherent mesh net behind it, almost like tail scale, but it's always pointing at DNS that's safe. And if that DNS, if the logs go to dev null, then, hey, you're protected, right? Like to some degree, you could just point, if you're using this browser, we're pointing you to this DNS. You can opt out of it if you want, and you can go into the settings. But by default, this is how we do it. And it's maybe a feature where you promote that and you say, this is who we are and this is what we do. And the logs just go to DevNull. But you've got safe DNS that doesn't log you.

1:22:42That's just built into, in quotes, the internet. Defaults are tricky. Well, features are defaults though, aren't they? Right. Right, but what I'm thinking here is maybe the right thing to do is just offer the user a choice on first startup. Like, we explain as non-techie friendly as we can. Like, please choose your way of accessing DNS. Like, would you like your things to go via this trusted thing that will throw away all of your requests? Or would you like to use your home network's default setup or whatever? I'm very wary of choosing anything for the user. I think that's sort of where the browser industry went wrong in many ways, that they discovered that they could monetize certain defaults.

1:23:27And it's a billion-dollar industry where people sell browser defaults. And actually, just in the last couple of days, it was determined to be an illegal billion-dollar industry. But that is a whole other story. So, yeah, I'm a little bit scared of that. And we are trying to be very cautious with defaults and not promoting any kind of service over any other. I will say, though, like right now, you know, a lot of the emphasis and thinking is around the alpha and getting out a browser. There's a world where when this is released, we are thinking about marketing and we're thinking about positioning and we're thinking about maybe not what the default features are, but like what's the mode you turn on or what's the premier extension?

1:24:09You know, a lot of times an extension is almost like a killer app, a reason to switch to something. And for me, the privacy stuff is super important. I think it's only going to get worse in the sort of LLM world that we're in right now and the tracking. And so I think people are going to gravitate towards whatever keeps them private. And selfishly, like, that's what I want. Like, I'm happy in terms of ads and stuff like that. Like, I pay for YouTube premium. I might be one of the only people on the planet. I pay for Apple Music. I'm happy to pay to turn off ads. But the general like searching of the web and the tracking and the fingerprinting and things like that, it's just awful.

1:24:45So if we can offer like a private mode or something different than incognito mode that you could opt into, you know, Apple recently did this with the private relay where you do want to turn this on. We're going to run all your traffic through our servers and anonymize it and that sort of thing. What you're going to get is a little bit slower browsing experience. I think that in the future, that's definitely a conversation we can have about what to offer, what sort of packages that there are, what sort of extensions we promote, and how we distinguish ourselves in the market towards regular consumers.

1:25:15And for me, I'm definitely going to push to at least have privacy extensions developed and made premium and kept up to date because that's what I want. Mm-hmm. That's why I asked that because I asked you about the click remote and the, you know, this perfect world, this future five-year, I'm assuming five years, like some version of, you know, iterating towards a perfection world where you've got a browser with features that you are marketing. You have a message, you've got features and like you mentioned, Premiere, Premium extensions that you want to have, not so much as default, but they are promoted as like, this is what we think is the best to use.

1:25:50obviously choose your own but this is what we like or we've developed it native in-house and this is opt-in as an extension always is but it's this world where you where you care because if you're this this non-profit that is independent that is untethered unloyal to the privacy tracking fingerprinting folks then you have the option and the possibility of being the default simply because people want privacy and they don't want to be quote private. They want to literally be private and have their privacy. And I think there's a lot of quoted privacy out there. I think Apple's main brand really is around privacy, but there's a lot of things they do as well that doesn't always lead to privacy.

1:26:33And it's the nature of the beast when you're that big, really. And you have different motivations financially or product-wise. It's just how it works. Absolutely. And one of the awesome things about Lady Bird is Andreas is a great leader and has a vision and can make hard decisions. But he also really listens to the people, the contributors, the people that are building it and the community that he, you know, he said he's frustrated that he gets all the limelight. Well, they're not only building it, you know, they're giving advice and opinion, and he's taking that into consideration. And so what this is going to look like post alpha in five years, we can't know because it's going to be shaped by people who haven't even sent their first PR yet.

1:27:10And so really, a lot of it's going to be like, what do the people building this care about. And that's where we're going to shine the light. And I think that's an awesome thing. And it means like, it's a good thing for the future when the people building it, the people most invested are the ones shaping it. Yeah. Which I think right now is a great time to be talking about it to our listeners specifically, because we are the people who can help shape Lady Bird for the future. Whereas if you were talking to a more mainstream, like you can't say, go download it today and give it a try. Obviously two years from now, five years from now, you go on other shows and you maybe have marketing pushes towards the mainstream audience who can just use the browser but right now what you all want what we all want are awesome builders to help andreas build this thing yeah next wednesday we're gonna tap a ton of developers around the globe with this sentiment like don't let us down y 'all get involved i guess where do we send them where do we send them to try it to talk to you etc right uh i guess come to ladybird.org and read more about it.

1:28:12And really, if you are a developer, you can go straight to github.com slash ladybirdbrowser. That's where you'll find us. And as Chris is saying, we are a project where everybody has a voice and there is room for all kinds of developers. We're welcoming new people every day. It is dizzying sometimes. I go look at our Discord server and it has 50 new people since yesterday. and people are just really excited to be working on this and you could be one of them if you've never worked on a browser that's fine this will be your first browser that you worked on and with regards to your click remote i will say that i would never press that button because we are currently living in the good old days and i wouldn't trade that for anything well said yeah So it's the guy who loves the toil.

1:29:03That's right. I will say that when we were starting GitHub, we were using Braintree. And so now we're in the world of Stripe. I bet you can like someone could have started a new online business during this podcast. But we had to give them a bunch of our business information. We had to apply in order to accept credit cards. And we launched into beta in January of 2008. And the site was basically ready in March to go live. And for us, that meant charging money. But we weren't approved by Braintree. And we didn't get approved until April, which is why we launched on April 10th. And that gave us some time to do some polish.

1:29:39And we had three new features that came out, the network graph, commit comments, and services. But we did those because we had time. But the point of the story is, from March until April, I wanted that damn clicker every day. I just wanted to fast forward to the launch and go into cryosleep and be like, is this thing going to work? Have I wasted the past six months? Or is this going to be what I think it's going to be? Now is the only real time in my life I just wanted to go to sleep and wake up like a month and a half later. There you go. Well, you survived it. You lived those 45 days. Somehow.

1:30:13It all worked out anyways. And you got three new features out of it. Yeah. Commit comments, which I don't know if people remember. The OGs will. But before pull requests, because pull requests weren't there at the beginning in the form we know them today. the only way you could do code review on GitHub is you could go to a commit and then you could comment on a specific line, which was groundbreaking. It was groundbreaking at the time. No one had done it that way. And I came up with the idea because the Django book, the Django documentation was online and they let you leave comments on each paragraph.

1:30:44And so I was like, wouldn't that be amazing for a commit to be able to do that on lines of code? So we did that and then that evolved into pull requests. So now you can still do that on pull request today. But that was, I guess the lesson there is just steal everything. Like in some ways that was an original idea, but many ways that was not an original idea. There you go. Well, probably somebody else thought of it before the Django folks, you know, you just, they took it from someone else. You took it from them. That's just how the world goes around. Absolutely. That's right. Steal everything.

1:31:13You're in here first. And I suppose that those are trying to sponsor, donate the same call to action, ladybird.org, find a button to donate, find a button to sponsor. You're keeping all these sponsors unrestricted. They don't get board seats. You can't buy a board seat. There's no direction that you can purchase. You can simply support and be promoted as someone who cares about supporting Lady Bird. That's the whole purpose of a sponsorship is not buying a board seat or getting power and having the click, the clicker. No, your money goes directly to caffeine that goes into a programmer that produces code.

1:31:51That is exactly where the money is going right now. Okay. Well said. What's left unsaid? Anything else left before we call this Lady Bird show a done show? If you are interested in building video games now or in the future, or if you've tried it before and like many of us have realized it is not as fun as building websites or building browsers or building servers, go to void.dev. That's the website. Put your email in. and I will email you either later this year or early next year with something that I think you'll enjoy a shameless teaser style promotion those are the best kind love it void out of that we'll throw that in the show notes as well Andre is anything from you before we call today I will take this opportunity to promote my wife's music okay she is uh Katalin Kult on YouTube and Twitter Spotify, all of these places.

1:32:46And she makes ambient music in the room next to me. And I'm living in this relaxing, chilling soundscape all day, every day. And it's very, very nice. There you go. Programming music being made live next to me. And now you can listen to it too. Can you send us a soundbite and we can play it as the outro? Absolutely. This is Adam here in post. Stay tuned after the plus plus teaser for Cozy Lo-Fi from Andreas' wife. The track is called Ghost Whiskers. I have one more. I don't know if people know this. You probably covered it last time, but Andreas also has a YouTube channel. And I think this is one of the things that makes him a good community leader, a good open source leader, is he's not just in the comments, in the issues.

1:33:32You can hear his thoughts. You can watch him program. You know, you can watch him do the most boring thing sometimes. But I've watched so much of him converting, adding JIT to the lib.js and just like emitting assembly with the C++ API. And it's really cool. It's really awesome to watch. You know, I don't think you do it anymore, but he used to have this commuting car series where he would be in his car and just share thoughts, answer questions. And so for me, coming from the world of blogs and everything being texted on Twitter, and then you saw people at a conference, It's really awesome now to see programmers talking and over video and watch them code, but also hear their thoughts.

1:34:08And it's definitely one of the things that drew me to the Serenity project was getting to get the context around it and hear the way he was thinking about it. So check out his YouTube channel. That's great. That's interesting to share. Definitely had the YouTube link pulled up. It's Awesome Cling on YouTube. So same as anywhere else. Awesome Cling. We'll link it up in the show notes for sure. All right, guys. Thank you so much. this has been a blast. We are very excited and, uh, we're counting the days. If give me that clicker, I'd, I'd skip, I'd skip ahead and see what Lady Bird looks like in 26, but come right back.

1:34:42I don't want to steal that from Andreas. I want to let him have his moment, but we appreciate you guys coming on and what you're working on. Yeah. Thanks guys. Thanks indeed. Thank you. Yeah. We'll see you in two years. Uh, I guess so.

1:34:58Mark your calendars two years from now, summer of 2026. Ladybird will be in alpha and the world will officially have a new browser that is for the people. I'm excited about that. If you haven't been there yet, go to ladybird.org, the truly independent web browser. Get involved or support it. And for our plus plus subscribers, there is a bonus for you. If you're not a plus plus subscriber, go to changelog.com slash plus plus. It's better. It's so better. Directly support us, drop the ads, get bonus content, a free sticker pack sent to your inbox, your mailing inbox, that is. What more could you want?

1:35:39ChangeLog.com slash plus plus. Later this week on ChangeLog and Friends, Jared and I go back into the rabbit hole, the deep rabbit hole of Winamp, Webamp, and the work Jordan Eldridge has done with this project is just astounding. You're going to love it. And a big thank you to our friends and sponsors at Century. Use the code changelaw to get a hundred bucks off the team plan. Our friends over at Paragon. Use paragon.com. Ship every SaaS integrations your users need. And to our friends over at 1Password, 1Password.com slash changelawpod. And of course, to our partners, our friends over at fly.io, the home of changelaw.com, global anycast load balancing, zero configuration private networking, hardware isolation, instant wire guard VPN connections, push button deployments, scale to thousands of instances.

1:36:34We love Fly and you will too. Learn more, fly.io. And to the Beat Freak in residence, Breakmaster Cylinder bringing those beats. We love them. That's it, this show's done. We'll see you on Friday.

1:37:02github.com land on a repo page right uh pjax probably beloved by you to this day right pjax was that your creation i believe it was that was me that was you so this is the way that you can navigate pages without actually reloading the full page. DHH and Rails ended up pulling it off as turbo links. The concept, obviously, I don't know if they took the code or not, but this was how GitHub worked for a very long time. You would click on a file in the repo and it would slide in from the side and it would not reload the page. And it was like pseudo single page app, but it was not a single page app.

1:37:40It was like a multi-page app. That's what they're calling them nowadays. We just called it a website back then, but now they're called MPAs. Recently, they're rewriting. I don't know if you've noticed or if you pay attention, but they're rewriting the front end and React. They're changing the way things work, and I'm just wondering if you have feelings about that. I think that it's kind of sucky right now. It's buggy, and I don't know if the PJAX stuff is gone, gone, or just feels like it's gone because I haven't paid that close attention or inspected elements or anything, But I do know that the React rewrite is underway.

1:38:13And I do myself feel like it's got some issues. But I wonder if you pay attention to those details now as just a user or if you try to ignore that kind of stuff. Your thoughts? So, like, if we were at a conference, I would repeat the question. So the question is, do I think GitHub sucks now? No, that's not the question. Specifically the part that I'm talking about. The front-end innovation of mine that they rewrote.

1:38:42I will say this.

1:39:12Thank you.

1:39:40Thank you.

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1:40:42Thank you.

1:41:13Thank you.

1:41:45Thank you.

1:42:09Thank you.

1:42:39Thank you.