The Silenced Scientist: The Cure For Alzheimer's Already Exists?! Doctors Are Trapped In A Broken System! The Link Between Oral Infection & Cancer!

24:36And let's understand this kind of wheel and cog because everything occurs at the mitochondria, subcellular level and energy production. And then basically everything can, can manifest from that. But what I quickly realized when you, when you go to, for instance, MD Anderson and trying to treat cancer, no one is interested in curing cancer. No one is interested in curing human disease. Because the epiphany for me came because medicine is a business. It's a for profit business. In fact, it's the largest business and economic model in the world. A trillion dollar annualized market. And most of these drug companies who influence and pay and support scientific journals, jamming New England Journal of Medicine, the major publications, the major journals, and their influencing regulation and policy and FDA.

25:33And so when you figure out that there's undue influence for these for profit companies, because the number one rule of business, as you know, as an entrepreneur in a business guy, is acquire a customer and keep that customer as long as you can. Call it lifetime value of that customer. And that's what medicine is. They get you, they acquire you as a customer, they put you on a drug. That drug has side effects. You have to put you on another drug to mitigate the side effects of that drug. Now you get a side effect from that polyformacy. You have to put you on another drug to mitigate those side effects.

26:04And now you look up and people who are 50 to 60 years old and older are on 10, 12, 18 different medications. That's the best financial model in the world. So it's a great financial model, but it's at the expense of our health and the health of everybody living in the world. And in the US, you know, we have the sickest population in the world. Now for the first time in the history of Western medicine, have discussions between physician and patient, how do we wean you off this drug? That conversation has never had before because it's always if this doesn't work, come back and I'll prescribe you more drugs.

26:39Let's do the opposite. You come back and let's understand the root of cause of disease. Let's say, okay, well, if we are addressing this, you don't need this medication. And if you don't need this medication, you don't need this medication. And now for the first time, you start weaning patients off of drugs and what happens? You're now impeding upon the market share of these multi billion dollar drug companies who make their living buying influence, regulating policy, influencing policy. And the FDA is a stepping stone to a board seat of big format. Every former FDA official in the US for the past 20 or 30 years goes on to become multi million dollars salary employee from big format.

27:21It has to stop. Despite spending nearly 20 % of the United States GDP on healthcare, the US ranks last overall on health outcomes among high income countries, including having the highest infant mortality rates and lowest life expectancy. It's like unbelievable. No, I mean, that's depressing. I mean, but those are the facts. And the you have to understand those are indisputable data, right? And so when people hear that, they go, they, they, they, when you look at kind of the system, and I don't blame doctors because doctors are getting to this field, you know, it's only admissions committee to UT Medical School for a number of years.

28:03So we interviewed a lot of these young kids, figure out what their motivation was. Will they have a successful career in medicine? And almost everyone, I mean, there's always the exception, but everyone gets into medicine because they want to make a difference. They're driven by curiosity. And most of them want to leave a lasting legacy and help people. That's what drives entry into healthcare. But when you look at the system in which they're trained in, it prevents them. It basically handcuffs them because when you figure out the pay, the economic model of medicine, once you make a diagnosis, now you've got a diagnosisable disease to which you have a finite number of responses, right?

28:43If you make this diagnosis that's called an ICD -10 code, which is reimbursable, and that's how you get paid. So once you make a diagnosis, you only have a finite list of things you can do. You can't ask that question ago, well, what's really causing this and spend, you know, 90 minutes with that patient because most physicians have to see 60, 70, 80 patients a day to pay the bills, just cover their overhead. So it's a factory. You come in, you look at, you've got a transcriber, you make a diagnosis. Okay, I can't even describe this medication. Come back in two weeks or six months and we'll see where you are.

29:18And then it's just, it's a term. It's a meal. But as you meant, the data don't lie, right? Sickest population, highest infant mortality in the most industrialized nation in the world. And according to the data, Americans are spending about 13 years of their life living with disease. And that is significantly higher than many other high income Western countries. So although life expectancy, you know, might be 78, 80 years old, you're going to spend almost 15 years of that time living with disease. So your health span is really probably the more important thing to be focusing on, not your life span.

29:52And so when we talk about nitric oxide, I've heard you describe it as the molecule of longevity. For sure. Why, why'd you say that? Why'd you say that? Well, like in the longevity is this emerging field that's driven by how do we live longer? How do we increase our health span and longevity? Right? Because I think we can all agree that nobody wants to live to be a hundred years old. If we spend the last 25 of that years incapacitated in a diaper, unable to get out of bed. Right? That's not living. So when I look at longevity, I look at kind of what are the hallmarks of longevity? What defines longevity?

30:29Right? How do we live longer, healthier, life free of disease? And really there's three objective measures. There is a stem cells, you know, this whole field of regenerative medicine is based on mobilizing our own stem cells, we're deploying stem cells throughout the body to repair and replace dysfunctional cells. So these stem cells are cells that can basically act as like band -aids repairs for any part of our body? Well, we call them pluripotent stem cells. So mean that some of these are bone marrow derived, some of these are what we call stromal vascular fraction that you get from the adipose tissue or the fat.

31:00Pluripotent would mean multiple... They can, that stem cell can go and become a neuron, that stem cell can go to the heart and become a functional myosite. It can go and become a macrophage or an immune cell, a white blood cell. So pluripotent means it can become many things, whatever it needs to be. In some cases, the amount of stem cells present in our bone marrow get smaller with age, the number of cells decrease with age. But fortunately, unfortunately, the older we get, the more fat we deposit. And so we have a number of stem cells in our fat. So we increase the number of stem cells in our fat.

31:36So the problem with aging and longevity is when we lose the ability to mobilize our own stem cells, we care, we can't repair and replace dysfunctional cells. So we have what we call zombie cells or senescent cells. They're there, but they can't do their job. They're dysfunctional. And that's what leads to age. Number two, it's telomeres. And telomeres are the ends of the chromosomes of our DNA. And so they're the very end. So it's like the, the, the tips of the shoestrings, right, that prevent the shoestring from fraying. Yeah. And those are like the telomeres. So as long as you have a functional telomere and it prevents it from getting shorter, then shorter telomeres, shorter lifespan, longer telomeres, longer lifespan.

32:20So when telomeres get shorter, it decreases our lifespan and longevity. And then the third one is mitochondrial function. Every age related chronic disease, you have a lower number of mitochondria per cell and the mitochondria that are present aren't functional. So you get it. What's called an uncoupling of the electron transport chain inside the inner mitochondrial membrane. And you can no longer effectively produce cellular energy or ATP. So nitric oxide is the foundational long, longevity molecule because nitric oxide is the signal in the body that tells our stem cells to mobilize in different gene.

32:56Without nitric oxide, you have less number of circulating stem cells. Nitric oxide activates the enzyme telomeres, which prevents telomere shortening. Without nitric oxide, you don't get activation of telomeres, telomere shortening. And then nitric oxide is the signal in the cell that tells the cell I need more mitochondria and I need these mitochondria to be more efficient. Generate more cellular energy with less oxygen. So when you when you restore nitric oxide, you address all three aspects of longevity. And there's no other molecule on the body that does that. You know, Brian Johnson, don't you?

33:33Yes. What do you think of Brian Johnson? You know, I would never replicate or try to do what he does. I don't think it's the proper approach. You know, and I don't I don't mean to criticize people because this whole field of biohacking, you know, you get people who have no science background, no medical background, no biochemical background. And yet they're out there influencing millions of people that follow them. And many times they're giving really bad advice, not intentionally. It's because of ignorance. They just don't know. They don't know the science. They don't know medicine behind it.

34:09So before you go and follow any influencer or biohacker, number one, look at their credentials. And if they don't have any science background, if they're, you know, formal technologists or, you know, come from anything besides science and medicine, you really need to do a little bit of deep dive and make sure that what they're giving you is scientifically valid or recommending. He seems to be a fan of the role of night choc oxide as it relates to longevity, though. He seems to have said positive things about night choc oxide and its impact on improving your cardiovascular health. Yeah, I think as we advance the science and we do more to communicate the complex science into, you know, layman's terms where the non -scientists, non -medical professionals can understand it and appreciate it.

34:53I think more people are going to pick up to that. But there's also some well -known biohackers with influences of, you know, millions of people that still say that night choc oxide is a toxin that inhibits mitochondrial respiration and it should be avoided. Is there such thing as having too much nitric oxide, though? Because if people hear this conversation today and they rush out and they, I don't know, overdue their nitric oxide by doing a bunch of therapies, is that a risk? Absolutely. You know, we know water is essential, right? But we can drink too much water and kill ourselves. You see it on the news, you know, a couple of times a year called hypotonic lysis.

35:30So yeah, dose dictates poison. And so what we have to do is make sure, maintain the integrity of the field to make sure that if there are nitric oxide products out there that number one, you don't overdo it and lead to, you know, health issues or kill a consumer or kill a patient. So I could kill the entire field. But we also understand that there's only two signs of toxicity for nitric oxide. So it's really pretty straightforward. Number one, if you take too much nitric oxide, you're going to get an unsafe drop in blood pressure. Just think about this. If you take nitric oxide or you're enhancing nitric oxide product through whatever means, it's going to lead to systemic vasodilation.

36:10Now you've got that same volume of blood pumping through much larger pipes and you're going to have a drop in blood pressure. And if you lose profusion pressure, you're not going to be able to refuse the brain because you got a pump against gravity. And you're going to get lightheaded and you'll pass out. And if that's prolonged, it leads to a schematic end organ damage and organ failure and it can be deadly. So that's number one. And then number two is a condition called methemoglobinemia. And that's a big word meaning that you're, it oxidizes the iron of hemoglobin and reduces your oxygen carrying capacity.

36:41So you'll become cyanotic. You'll get blue around the lips. Your extremities will turn, you know, why from lack of profusion or lack of oxygen. But you never see that. I mean, you really never see clinical methemoglobinemia. Fortunately, your blood pressure will drop to an unsafe level long before you get any accumulation of methemoglobinemia. So on this point of longevity, then, one of the points you mentioned there was telamine length. And I've heard about telamine length because I've heard about studies they've done in rats and I think other rodents around telamine length. So it was discovered that individuals with shorter telomeres had a death rate nearly twice of those with longer telomeres.

37:20And you're telling me that there has been research done that shows how nitric oxide can increase telamine length. Absolutely. So we, we understand at the DNA level, at the nuclear level, that nitric oxide is what's called a co -localizes with estrogen receptor receptor. To allow for the turning, the cell to turn on transcription and translation of the telomerase enzyme. So it's not only affecting the genetic transcription of that protein, but it's also regulating the function of the enzyme. So without nitric oxide, you have less telomere telomerase enzyme in that telomerase enzyme isn't functional.

38:01Okay. So nitric oxide has an impact on the long arrays. Long array sinzine. That's right. So long arrays. So what happens with each cellular division, those telomeres can get shorter. Yeah. Right. But as long as that telomerase enzyme is active, it prevents the shortening of the variants of the chromosome. Okay. And just for people that don't understand the, with every replication, as we age, we're continually replicating ourselves to restore and repair them. But in that replication process, harm is a cut. So we are in different cell types have different replication rates. Right. So the epithelium of the gut is highly regenerative.

38:38It's replicable. We were placing these cells all the time because it's the outside environment that you're having to continue to replace those cells. Neurons to the exact opposite aren't regenerative by nature. So we don't typically make, I mean, we can. It was once thought that you can't regenerate neurons, but today we know we can't. But yeah, so it affects different organ systems differently. But the data are clear. Shorter telomeres, shorter lifespan. The other thing that I wanted to talk about before we really get into the heart of how do I improve my nitric oxide levels or keep them at a healthy range while I age is mitric oxides relationship with the oral microbiome.

39:16Yeah. I had a conversation in this podcast not too long ago about the oral microbiome. Again, another subject I hadn't thought much about. But is there a relationship there? No doubt. I mean, this is, this is probably 20 year old science. Where we find that, you know, probably 20 years ago, the microbiome project was complete. And what that means is that the bacteria that live in and on our body were completely mapped out. And these communities were identified in the gut, started in the gut, the gastrointestinal tract. And then, you know, you can, you can culture the, the, the skin flora. There's bacteria that live on our skin.

39:53They're bacteria that live in our colon, they're bacteria and women that reside in the vagina. And so all of these different ecologies of bacteria that live in and on the body are there to do things to help the human host, what we call the symbiosis. We're providing benefit to the bacteria and the bacteria providing benefit to the human host. And so if we use antibiotics or antiseptics to kill the bacteria that live in and on our body, you get human disease. I mean, that's clear. And the best example is that there's no physician in the world that would recommend you or I take an antibiotic every day for the rest of our lives.

40:34Right? Do you agree with it? Yeah. And why is that? Because the antibiotics are killing the good bacteria. They kill the infectious pathogen bacteria, but they also destroy the entire microbiome. And when you disrupt the microbiome, you get systemic disease. You get vast disease, you get Alzheimer's, you get leaky gut syndrome, you get autoimmune disease, you get high blood pressure, you get yeast infections, you get overgrowth of Canada, you get parasites. So the bacteria are really the police of the human kind of surveillance. Right? So the nut, we have 10 times more bacteria cells that make up the human than we have human cells.

41:14So we're 10 times more bacteria than we are human. And so if you destroy that microbiome, then it leads to systemic disease. We live in a culture where we're constantly trying to kill bacteria, right? We're like, especially post pandemic, we're using all kinds of hand washes and antiseptics and obviously the big, I guess, chemicals that we all typically use, the things like mouth washes, with which are again, trying to just clean out all the bacteria from our mouths. Well, how would you caution someone on using these things? And even the like, the antibacterial. Yeah, it's bad news. Really? Yeah.

41:50We give it to our children because we want our kids to have be clean and not to have. Kids need to be dirty. If I, and again, you look at epidemiological data, kids who grow up in a rural area, they're out in the environment, they're rolling in dirt, they get dirt on them and they have, you know, they're inoculated with a lot of bacteria. Those kids are the healthiest people that you look later in life. They have lower incidence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, they have better immune dysfunction, less autoimmune disease. So there's this whole hygienic, hygienic principle or hygienic hypothesis of disease.

42:24And I don't think it's a hypothesis anymore. I think it's proven out. So for me, I go back and I go, what, why are we doing this? Why are we using fluoride rents as endino offices? Why is there fluoride in our toothpaste? Why is there fluoride in the municipal water of 72 % of municipalities in the US? When fluoride is a known antiseptic, it's a chemical toxicant. It's a thyroid toxicant. It kills your thyroid and it's an neurological toxin. And so when you go back and look at the history of dentistry, over a hundred years ago, it was first identified that oral bacteria can be found in the plaque that killed someone from an acute heart attack.

43:08Right? People who died from sudden cardiac death, they'll take the thromas or the embless that included that coronary artery. And they basically biops it and they find oral bacteria in that plaque that caused the heart attack or stroke. So that told us there's an oral systemic link. There's bacterial translocation of the pathogens. That's why bleeding gums are a problem. Because you've got bacteria in the mouth, you've got bleeding gums. There's open blood vessels for those bacteria to get into our blood supply. Now they become systemic, cause inflammation, plaque rupture and heart attack and stroke.

43:41So a hundred years ago, with reason, with good reason, they go, well, let's treat with an antiseptic. We have to kill all the bacteria in the mouth. So if you have bleeding gums, there's no translocation of that in the systemic circulation and we can prevent heart attack or stroke. That was a hundred years ago and we've earned a lot in those hundred years. Number one, it wasn't recognized that we have a microbiome on our body, in our body. So now, when I asked Dennis all the time, why do you use for it? And they go, well, it's been used for a hundred years. And I go, well, that I don't care what the question is, that's the worst answer you could provide.

44:16Just because we're doing it because that's the way we've always done it. Right? So now we have to understand how do we selectively kill the pathogens while maintaining a healthy microbiome? And so this, this field started probably in the, I mean, some of the first papers were published probably in the 90s, showing that there were, if you use mouthwash, it destroyed the microbiome and we saw an increase in blood pressure. These papers were published in the late 2000s. We published on this probably in 2008, 2009. We created what's called an association. So people who had the healthiest and most diverse bacteria in their mouth had the best blood pressure.

44:56People who had the least diverse oral microbiome and we, we could not culture any of these nitric oxide producing bacteria appeared to have the highest blood pressure. So that's what we call association. It's not causation, but it's a nice association. So in 2019, we published a paper showing, okay, let's, now let's see if we do, if we take normal, tensed patients, young, healthy people with good nitric oxide, good blood pressure. And we just give them mouthwash twice a day for seven days to kill the entire oral microbiome. And then we do tongue scrapings to see if we're killing the bacteria and we do blood pressure measurements.

45:35And so we do that twice a day for seven days, seven days we bring them back in, we measure their blood pressure. And then we stopped for four days. We say, okay, don't talk, don't take mouthwash for four days. Then come back, let's remeasure your blood pressure. And let's do tongue scrapings and figure out what's happening to this, these bacterial communities. And what we found was that if you eradicate the bacteria within seven days, your blood pressure goes up. So if you use mouthwash within seven days, your blood pressure goes up. I think it occurs earlier, but what we, we looked at seven days, well, I looked at day one at baseline, seven days, and then four days after stopping the mouthwash.

46:14But in one 21 year old kid, his blood pressure went up 26 millimeters of mercury, which is for that in context for me. That's clinically hypertensive. So for every one millimeter increase in blood pressure, that increases your risk of cardiovascular disease by 1%. So within seven days, we increased this kid's risk of cardiovascular disease by 26%. Simply by giving him mouthwash and explain to me in layman's terms, the mechanism now, what's going on? Well, we're still trying to understand mechanism. Again, worth the observational level that's really indisputable because these bacteria, there's what we call nitrate reducing bacteria.

46:53And humans do not have this enzyme. So nitrate is what's found in green leafy vegetables, right? These, these plants assimilate nitrogen in the soil in the form of nitrate. We consume these vegetables. The nitrate is taken up in the gut. It's concentrated in our salivary glands. In the bacteria, perform this metabolism of nitrate into nitride and nitric oxide. And humans do not have the functional enzyme to do this. So we're 100 % dependent upon the bacteria. So then now, because nitrate is inert in humans, we rely on the bacteria to metabolize this molecule into a usable form where we can make nitric oxide.

47:32So when you're killing the bacteria, now the nitrate is just being recirculated, but you're, you're, you're donating because it's filtered across the kidneys. You poop it out and you sweat it out. So it's completely unchanged unless you have the right bacteria. And what we're finding is that that oral production of nitride and nitric oxide being produced in the acid environment of the stomach is somehow regulating resistance arteries in dilation to normalize systemic blood pressure. So if I don't have a healthy oral microbiome, then you have an elevation in blood pressure. And much of the things you're talking to me about today in terms of dietary changes, won't have any effect anyway, because I need the bacteria to convert it into nitric oxide.

48:22As it relates, there are many benefits of many nutrients in foods, particular plants that confer some health benefits. But when we focus specifically on the benefits of nitric oxide from your diet, if you don't have the right oral bacteria, you get zero nitric oxide benefits from your diet. Now you're going to get, you know, obviously, hopefully vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D from foods, fiber, other phytonutrients. But in terms of the blood pressure lowering effects of a, for instance, a plant -based diet, if you don't have the right bacteria, you get zero benefits of that. Have you seen a link between oral health and cancer?

49:00Yes, absolutely. What have you seen? People that have dental infections, root canals, cavitations from previous extraction sites have typically cancer. It sets the stage for cancer cell growth and proliferation. So in, and I've, you know, I made a controversial statement on a previous podcast where I see, number one, I'm not an oncologist, but people who have terminal metastatic disease who aren't ready to die, who are sent home to die on hospice, somehow find me and go, can you help me with this cancer? So the first thing I always send them to is a dentist to see, do you have any active oral infections that may have led to the development of the primary two in the first place, but obviously it's, it's metastatic meaning that it's now everywhere.

49:45It's, it's migrated outside that primary tumor. But almost always without fail, they have an active oral infection. And it made the asymptomatic infection to where they know it and they have a toothache or it may be an asymptomatic infection where they don't even know they had a dental infection. What percentage of cancer patients that you see that you then refer to a dentist have an oral infection? People with primary tumors, solid tumors, so we categorize these in bloodborne cancer, something like lymphoma leukemia, multiple myeloma, which is a bloodborne cancer. And those that have a solid tumor, a primary tumor that starts in the breast, the colon, the prostate, the long -term liver.

50:23Without fail, 100 % of them have dental infections. But cause and effect is not possible to establish here, right? Because... No, I don't think we're there yet. I think probably as the science advances and people start to look at this. Because you may imagine if you have cancer and you've been to the best cancer doctors in the world and you've done surgery, you've done chemo, you've done radiation, you've gone through the standard of care and the cancer comes back, it's terminal, it's metastatic. And you tell when I tell people where you need to go see a dentist. I mean, many people laugh and they go, what, what in the hell did you just say?

51:03I've got cancer, I don't have a dental problem. And I go, no, well, perhaps you do. Because again, if you go back and always look at back, what's, what's held true throughout ages? And if you look at Ayurvedic medicine, if you look at traditional Chinese medicine, if you look at acupuncture, and if you go back and you look, if you don't know what to look for, you're never going to find it. If you know what to look for, it's out there, it's in the published literature. But every tooth in the body is connected to an organ system, right? And so these are the meridians, the acupuncture meridians. You know, the analogy is they're circuit breakers.

51:37So if you, if you trip a breaker in your home, there's no electricity going through that circuit. So your oven doesn't work, your fridge doesn't work, your lights go out. Well, the body is electric, right? And how do we diagnose death? No electrical activity, right? Either through an EKG or an EEG. So the body is electric and we're, we're batteries. And so if we get, if that red light comes on on our phone, it says we have a low battery, everybody panics and goes and plugs it in and charges, right? And the human body is the exact same. We lose voltage over time. And if you've got a trip breaker, well, from an infected tooth, there's no voltage.

52:15There's no circuitry going to that meridian that feeds individual organs. So the best example is if you've got a root canal and 100 % of root canal teeth are infected. And when you think, when people go, well, that's not true. Well, think about what a root canal is. You had a toothache at some point because of an infection. So you go to the dentist and they pull the nerve root out of that tooth. So you don't feel the pain anymore because there's no nerve root there. And they pull the blood supply out of that tooth. Now you have no blood supply to that tooth. And a tooth is a crystalline structure.

52:48It's a living organ. With no blood supply and no nerve root, that's a dead tissue. So if you were to go in and we'd disconnect your gallbladder, for example, and just cut the blood supply to it, the nerve supply to it. Within seven or ten days, you'd be dead from sepsis. Nobody leaves a dead tissue in the body. And so then what happens is when you leave the dentist, what do they do? They pitch on an oral anabolic. But they must have forgotten. They took out the blood supply to that infected site. So an oral anabolic isn't going to reach the side of infection. I mean, to me, when you think, when you sit back and think about this and go, who the hell does this?

53:25And why do they do it? Well, it's because what we've always done. So then what happens is these anaerobic bacteria, they don't need oxygen. They're sitting there in an anaerobic low oxygen environment. And they're just eating away at your jawline. They're just like us do. They metabolize. They take stuff in. They poop waste out. Those waste products accumulate. It shuts down voltage. And they eat away at your jawline. So they need to get osteomycrosis, osteomyelitis. And you don't even know it. And an x -ray will not show it. And most of the dentists, unfortunately, still use x -rays instead of a higher resolution CT.

53:58It's really interesting. I was doing some research and preparation for this conversation around this subject of oral microbiome and cancer in the link there. And one particular study that was done published in the New York Post, but done by team of researchers found that this was done at New York University as well. So it was published by the New York Post and done at New York University. The analyzed saliva samples over 160 ,000 participants over 15 years. Are you familiar with this study? And they identified over a dozen bacteria species linked to a high risk of head and neck cancers with certain bacteria increasing the risk by 50 percent of getting a cancer, which is pretty shocking.

54:32Literally, I feel like texting my assistant and asking us to book a oral hygienist and to change my mouthwash. No matter where I am in the world, it seems like everyone is drinking matcha. And there's a good chance that that matcha you're drinking is made by a company that I've invested more than seven figures in, who are a sponsor of this podcast called Perfect Ted. Because they're the brand used globally by cafes like Blank Street Coffee and Joe in the juice and many, many more. Not only can you get Perfect Ted Match in cafes, but you can now also make it at home. Much cheaper. In seconds, using our Flavoured Matcha powders that I have here in front of me, Perfect Ted Matcha is ceremonial grade and sourced from Japan.

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55:47When Dr. Daniel Lieberman came on the diave of a CEO, he explained how modern issues with their cushioning and support are making our feet weaker and less capable of doing what nature intended them to do. We've lost the natural strength and mobility in our feet, and this is leading to issues like back pain and knee pain. I'd already purchased a pair of Viva Barefoot shoes, so I showed them to Daniel Lieberman and he told me that they were exactly the type of shoe that would help me restore natural foot movement and rebuild my strength. But I think it was planter for shitters that I had where suddenly my feet started hurting all the time.

56:18And after that, I decided to start strengthening my own foot by using the Viva Barefoot. And research from Liverpool University has backed this up. They've shown that wearing Vivo Barefoot shoes for six months can increase foot strength by up to 60%. Visit VivoBarefoot .com slash DOAC and use CoderoAC20 for 20 % off. That's the VivoBarefoot .com slash DOAC use CoderoAC20. A strong body starts with strong feet. If I've just listened to everything you've just said there, and I want to improve my oral microbiome, what should I be doing? Well, I think the most important thing we've earned is what you shouldn't be doing.

56:57Yeah. Right. So it's not what should we do, it's what we shouldn't be doing. Number one, we have to get rid of fluoride. You know, just this past weekend, I was speaking at a dental conference in Salt Lake City, and there were there people there from the National Toxicology Program, which in the US is the organization task with, if there's any kind of risk of exposure of a environmental toxicant, they're charged with doing the toxicology studies to see if there's an increased risk. What is the risk? And is there a safe level that is without risk? And what they report is that fluoride, there's no benefit of fluoride, and it's all risk.

57:33It lowers IQ in kids by as much as seven points. And it shuts down your thyroid function. And it's a neurotoxin. And as I mentioned before, most toothpaste has fluoride in it. And if you read the back of your toothpaste, it will tell you, at least in the US, I don't know about in other countries. But it says, if you swallow this, call poison control. Because it's a poison. They're putting poison in toothpaste. And then if you also pay attention, it says, only put a pea -sized amount of toothpaste on your toothbrush, a pea -sized. But everybody that I know fills the entire bristle of the toothpaste with toothbrush with toothpaste.

58:13So that's about 10 or 15, sometimes 20 pea -sized amounts of toothpaste. And a pea -sized amount of toothpaste contains about half a milligram of fluoride. Now if you're using 10, 20 times more than that pea -sized, now you're exposed to five milligrams, 10 milligrams of fluoride. And you don't even have to swallow it. This is a very small molecule. I'm lucky to wait 19. So it's absorbed directly across the bucacosa, the oral cavity, and it becomes systemic. I'm not going to use it anymore. No, you shouldn't. What should I use instead? You have to use a non -flornated toothpaste. And what about things like tongue scrapers?

58:51Now tongue scrapers, the data again, that's time tested. That's an ancient practice. And even in our study, we found that people who do tongue scraping have a more diverse oral microbiome and they seem to have better oral health. Why is this? My girlfriend's been banging onto me. She's always bloody right. My girlfriend's been banging onto me about tongue scraping for the last two years. And I've kind of just ignored her. I've just kind of, yeah, baby, sure. When she's not in the bathroom, I'm not using her tongue scraper. Because it just looks strange. And for me, based on what I knew about the oral microbiome and the microbiome, generally, I'm like, should I be scraping off all my bacteria?

59:28Well, if you're going to plant a garden, do you plant a garden on untilled soil? This and I know nothing about gardening. I'm just going to go on. So maybe, yes. I grew my own food. Okay. So you have to tell the soil. Right? You got to break up the soil so the seeds actually can be aerated. And you just break up that biofilm. Yeah, you take the back of the dorsal tongue. I mean, almost to the point of the gag reflex. And you just pull that ideally copper tongue scraper forward. And you're going to see this goop coming in there. But it's kind of like tilling the soil. And it's increasing the diversity of the dorsal part of the tongue and the microbiome.

1:00:05So my gophram was right. In that regard, yes. But what we found was in that one kid, we saw the greatest increase in blood pressure. If you tongue scrape and use antiseptic mouthwash, that's the absolute worst scenario. Interesting. So if you think about this, you're tongue scraping, you're opening up the pores. And now you're using mouthwash. It's better to easily penetrate deep in the crypts of the tongue and more effectively kill the bacteria. So you want a tongue scrape and then use a toothbrush without fluoride toothpaste? Absolutely. And no mouth. No antiseptic mouth rinse. And what about going to dental hygienists and things like that?

1:00:45Do you think that's a advisable idea? Because once every quarter or so, I'll go and see a dental hygienist just to get everything clean down. I think that's a good proactive practice. But because you need to look at the health of the gum tissue and the gingerville tissue and a routine clean and scraping the plaque off the teeth and making sure you have good mineralization of the enamel of the tooth is good. Never let them do a fluoride rinse on you. Is there anything else on the subject of the oral microbiome and its relationship with nitric oxide that I need to be aware of before we move on? Yeah, wait, there's also data showing that if you use mouthwash, you lose the cardio protective benefits of exercise.

1:01:27So think about this. We know that diet and exercise is the best medicine. And many people aspire to do that. They go and they try to eat good. They avoid the temptations of sugars and sweets. They exercise every day to try to increase their longevity and cardiovascular health. If you do that and you're using mouthwash, you no longer get the benefits from exercise. And we've already established you don't get the nitric oxide benefits from diet. So two out of three Americans wake up every morning and use mouthwash. And two out of three Americans have an unsafe elevation and blood pressure. What's the mechanism now?

1:02:04Well, because you're killing the the oral microbiome that's partly responsible for production of nitric oxide and nitric oxide. You get constriction of blood vessels and it leads to high blood pressure. That's crazy. And is there a link between our hormone levels, things like my testosterone levels and the nitric oxide? Yes. So this is the two way street. So in men testosterone activates nitric oxide production. Okay. In women, estrogen activates and stimulates nitric oxide production. Okay. So as long as we have optimal sex hormones and as long as the enzyme and the lying in the blood vessel can functionally produce nitric oxide, that explains the cardio protective benefits of hormone replacement therapy.

1:02:46So taking testosterone or estrogen therapies helps to increase my nitric oxide levels? As long as the enzyme is functional and coupled, which means that we have to we have to understand the insomology and about chemistry of that reaction to where when it's exposed to testosterone, the cell can actually make nitric oxide in response. And there's a two way relationship as well with exercise then, because I've read in your book that exercise activates and stimulates nitric oxide production, but you also just told me that if you want to get the great benefits of exercise, you need nitric oxide in the first place.

1:03:21Because else your blood cells are going to be very narrow, less oxygen -traveling through you. But you're going to do a worse workout as well, originally. Well, think about, I mean, there's other agonist too, like vitamin D. I mean, most Americans are deficient in vitamin D. People with a low testosterone have a rectile dysfunction. And why is that? Because they're not stimulating nitric oxide production, and they're not dilating the blood vessels, so they develop ED. So all of this, no matter what it is, with related to vitamin D deficiency, which is activated or stimulative nitric oxide, if it's low hormones, if it's poor diet, sedentary lifestyle, all of that can be explained by insufficient nitric oxide production.

1:03:57Well, when I think about the role that food plays in my nitric oxide production, what should I be eating to increase my nitric oxide levels, or to keep them at a healthy level? I think the same answer is for that too. It's not so much what we should be eating. It's what we should not be eating. Okay. So we'll cover those step by step. Number one, you have to avoid sugar and high glycemic index foods. Because sugar is a toxin, it's a poison. And let's think about what sugar is. So when we eat sugar or drink sugar beverages, whether it's sucrose, whether it's fructose, whether it's high fructose cornstripe, the end result inside the human is we see an increase in glucose.

1:04:44So elevation in blood sugar or blood glucose is diabetes. And now there's continuous glucose monitors that you can get anywhere. And everybody does this. So if you eat something and it causes an increase in your blood sugar, blood glucose, then you should avoid that. Because glucose, as the name applies, is glue. Right? It's sticky. And if we, if you have a soda and you spill it on your countertop, you come back the next day, it's sticky. Right? That's what happens inside the body. That sugar sticks to everything. It sticks to proteins. It sticks to enzymes. It binds to hemoglobin. And sugar stuck to hemoglobin is what we call hemoglobin A1C.

1:05:23And what is that? It's a marker of long -term glucose control. If you have a hemoglobin A1C of greater than 5 .7, you're diabetic. So it's not just hemoglobin. It sticks to, it sticks to the enzyme that makes nitric oxide. And in biochemistry and enzymology, enzymes have to be able to undergo conformational changes. Right? So it transfers electrons from one donor to an acceptor and that's how biochemistry is done. But if sugar stuck to that enzyme, it locks it in some confirmation and it can't do its job. For instance, it can't make nitric oxide. So sugar is an absolute poison and it kills many enzymes and binds to everything.

1:06:05And it lowers nitric oxide production? Absolutely. That's why diabetics have a 10 -time higher incidence of heart attack, stroke, all -cause mortality, mortality. That's why they develop neurological or peripheral neuropathy. That's why they have non -healing wounds. There's no nitric oxide. That's why they're developing diabetic retinopathy. Magnetic generation, pancreatitis. I mean, all of that can be traced back to a lack of nitric oxide production, because the sugars stuck to the enzyme, the sugar destroys the oral microbiome and completely changes the ecology of the bacteria and completely shuts down nitric oxide production.

1:06:43Just a bit of a tangent there. You mentioned that's why they have open wounds that don't need... Yeah, diabetic ulcers. Okay, so nitric oxide is playing a healing role in wounds and scar. Absolutely. So I've got this scar on my head. I was playing football the other day, someone ran into the back of my head and they passed out and got taken away by an ambulance. But I was just left with this big, like, scar on the back of my head, which I've had, like, glue stitched. So I'm wondering, I'm like, if I... Apply the nitric oxide syrup. It'll stimulate blood flow to that. It'll improve cellular turnover and heal that wound and basically remediate the scar.

1:07:19And how do I do that? Is it... Yeah, you see, you take one pump from each side. So one pump from this side? We'll turn it around, one pump from the other. Yeah. And now if you apply that and mix it together, as soon as you mix it together, it starts to generate nitric oxide gas. So then that gas will diffuse into that tissue. It's going to increase blood flow and it's going to mobilize stem cells and it's going to improve cellular turnover and completely remodel that and heal that. And if it were an infection in there, it would kill the infectious bacteria. Okay, well, we shall... Second boss.

1:07:52We shall see if that works. So back on this point of food, then. So sugar's bad. Sugar's bad. Yeah, you got to eliminate sugar. And I think the benefits of it, like a straight ketogenic diet or a straight vegan vegetarian diet, is just the elimination of sugaring carbs. Yeah. Right? But I think to answer your question, what should we be eating? I think you've got to eat a balanced diet in moderation. You know, Americans are overfed. I got to do this walk around and see the epidemic of obesity. Good high quality protein, good quality fats, and little or no carbs. And it's really that simple. And why did you write a book about beetroots?

1:08:30Yeah, the beet's hit the... Really, the airways back in 2012 in the London Olympic Games. There was a lot of data coming out at the time of the benefits of beetroot juice on enhancing athletic performance. And there was a benefit of the nitric oxide being produced that could explain the improvement in athletic performance. The problem is these athletes were drinking leaders and leaders of beetroot juice and causing a lot of gastric discomfort, causing diarrhea. Their urine and the feces would turn red and a lot of people interpreted, misinterpreted that as gastric bleeds or urinary bleeds. And then when I started looking at the products on the market, most of the beet products, the desiccated beet powders, provided zero nitric oxide benefit.

1:09:15They didn't contain any nitrate, no nitrite. They were just, we call them deadbeats. They're deadbeats product. And so I thought if people, if consumers are out there looking for beets, because they've been shown to enhance their performance, but that enhancement and performance was dependent upon the beets ability to improve nitric oxide production in the body. Then the non -scientist out there wouldn't know what to look for. They're buying products that aren't providing any benefit to them. And so years ago, we would do randomized placebo -controlled clinical trials, and we would take some of these commercial beet products that you can go to your local nutrition store or pharmacy, buy off the shelf, and we would use those as placebo in our clinical trials.

1:09:59Because it's the perfect placebo. So what I tried to do in that book is educate, okay, what is it about beets that are so important? What's the mechanism and what is necessary in those beets that can improve nitric oxide production? So again, everything I do is intended to educate and inform the consumer so that they know how to make informed educated choices on the products they're taking, or the foods they're eating, or their oral hygienic practices.

1:10:31Trying to find the page in your book, but there was a page in your book where you describe beetroot as the most underappreciated food in the history of eating. Yeah, that may be in the beet the odds. So it was in this book? But if you go back to historical times and you look at the hower -aglyphics on caves of the ancient cavemen, people thought they were drinking wine because they would have these red stuff in this before battle. But what these ancient Egyptians were doing was they were drinking beet juice to improve their performance before they went into battle so that they were ready, they were energized, they improved their circulation.

1:11:12So that's the historical study on beets. And obviously, these were beets grown at a time when there were no herbicides, pesticides, and the soil was probably fertile, so these beets were full of nutrients, probably full of nitrate that provided the benefits of that. But unfortunately, today, the beets that are grown, at least in America, are really nutrient depleted just like most of the food. So would you recommend people eat beetroots? No, because, again, through our survey that we published in 2015, we realized that you really can't eat enough beets to get enough nitrate to improve your performance.

1:11:47And the other caveat is that if you're using mouthwash, you've got fluoride in your toothpaste or fluoride in your drinking water that you're mixing the beet powder in, you're not going to get an nitric oxide benefit from it. There's a graph in front of me here, which I printed off, which shows the rise in antacid medications. Oh, yeah, from 2004 to, so a 20 -year period, we're seeing what is that? Almost a quadrupling of the use of antacids. And this is globally or is this in the US? That's worldwide, I believe. Yeah, worldwide. Now, this is a problem. I mean, these, these antacids. What is an antacid?

1:12:22So it's a medication that's given orally to suppress stomach acid production. Yeah. And as a biochemist and physiologist, I can't think of nothing more damaging than to inhibit stomach acid production. Because stomach acid is required to break down proteins into amino acids, whether it's you're eating animal protein or plant -based protein. It's required for nutrient absorption. You need stomach acid to absorb B vitamins. You need stomach acid to absorb selenium, chromium, iodine, magnesium, iron. I mean, most nutrients, micro -nutrients are absorbed in the lumen of the stomach. And if the stomach is not making stomach acid, then these nutrients are not absorbed.

1:13:06And most Americans, 75 % of Americans are deficient in magnesium. 95 % of Americans are deficient in iodine. I mean, it's a huge problem. These are the browns like gavascone. Now, these are likely the prilosec, the previsits, the neck, the CM, the prescription medications are Omeprazole, Pantoprazole. These today in the US, I think, is probably worldwide. You don't even need a prescription for these from your physician. You can go to your local drug store and you can buy these, what we call proton pump inhibitors or PPI's. We're about tombs over the current. So there's a difference. So tombs and things like baking soda are a buffer, right?

1:13:50sodium bicarb or calcium carbonate. And it's a buffer, right? So if you have an acute bout of hypersecretion of acid, you can take a tombs or some buffer, some base, alkaline substance to neutralize the acid. Neutralizing acid is completely different than inhibiting its natural production in the polyurexyls of the stomach. So what is the difference between... Have you heard of gavascone before? Yes. Yeah. What's the difference between... I mean, like a gavascone? Well, there's certain classes of anacids. There's what we call H2 blockers. There's proton pump inhibitors. And then there's the natural buffers that are just kind of neutralizing the acid environment in the stomach.

1:14:30Gavascone, I'm trying to think what class that falls under. I don't think it's widely used here in the US. I mean, the main drugs used here are prolific, neckseam, previsit. Those are the over the counter. And then the main prescription medications are the omeprosol and the pentoprosol. Gavascone is a commonly used and tacit brand and the active ingredients are aluminium hydroxide and magnesium carb carbonate. Oh, so Gavascone. So number one, it's got aluminum in it, which should absolutely be avoided. But yeah, it just looks like a buffer. It's got an hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, which is a strong base.

1:15:04So it's neutralizing the stomach acid production. But it's a neutralizing agent, but anything that contains aluminum, you should absolutely avoid. And I mentioned her a few times today, but my girlfriend's a breath practitioner, she runs a business called barliebreathwork .com, hashtag ad. And one of the things she's talked to me a lot about is mouth breathing. And I know there's a relationship between nitrogoxide and how we choose to breathe, whether it's through our nose or through our mouths. Can you explain to me that link? You know, when we talk about the enzyme that's found in the lining of the blood vessels, we sort of dissegment.

1:15:40That same enzyme is found in our epithelial cells, in our upper airways, in our sinuses. So just like exercise can activate nitrogoxide production in the lining of the blood vessels, deep breathing, nasal breathing activates that enzyme in the epithelial cells of our sinuses. And so when we do nasal breathing, it's activating the enzyme to make nitrogoxide. And now we're delivering that nitrogoxide gas into the the brockles, the lower airway. It's dilating those brockles. Moreover, it's dilating the pulmonary arteries. So now we're improving oxygen uptake, oxygen delivery. And that's why nasal breathing and deep breathing has been shown to lower blood pressure.

1:16:20This is a pretty crazy graph I took from Google as well, which shows just how interested people are now getting in the subject of mouth breathing. Oh, yeah, again, going over the past 20 years. Yeah, no, I think there's a lot of people. I mean, obviously you're a girlfriend. There's a Patrick McQuayne and McQuayne and the UK. Hey, I'm in Stratkock, I'm Stennai and I did it, made him an offer in Stratkock, Stenna. Yeah. Yeah. Sorry. Now, I think the benefits of that are pretty well. And mechanistically we understand the benefits of it. So the mouth breathers are not only bypassing the natural nitrogoxide production pathway, but when you mouth breathe, it completely changes the microbiome.

1:16:59And so you're not only bypassing the nitrogoxide producing in the upper airway, but you're inhibiting nitrogoxide production in the mouth from the microbiome. Because you're fully oxygenating the mouth, it's changing the pH of the saliva and completely changes the microbiome and completely shuts down nitrogoxide production. Interesting. Interesting. So you have to, I mean, I'm a big fan of mouth taping, but for me, I know, and I watch my kids, but sometimes there's anatomical issues where there's obstructive airways and airway that has to be corrected by dental appliances or sometimes surgery.

1:17:38But the worst thing you can do is tape your mouth and your airway be constricted and, you know, suffocate. So before you do mouth taping, you need to get some imaging done from your dentist to make sure that your airway is open to where if you're forced to breathe through your nose, you can actually have oxygen exchange. And is there anything else that I could and should be doing to increase and improve my nitrogoxide levels that we haven't talked about yet? Humming, you know, there are certain frequencies. We've done this and looking at nitrogoxide coming out of the exhaled breath when you're humming.

1:18:10So certain frequencies can activate this enzyme and it's dependent upon the volume of the nasal sinuses. So there's not one frequency that would work in every single person. Is the volume of your airways and oral cavity and sinuses was probably much different than mine. Give me an example, show me. Well, if you just, you know, like, oh, like you do in meditation or just simple humming, you could actually, so if I had my ozone or gas phase analyzer here, I could hum, and I could detect nitrogoxide coming out of my exhaled breath. Because of the frequency of the... Because of the frequency and activating the nitrogoxide sin -phase enzyme.

1:18:49But if you take older patients and we've demonstrated this, it's published years ago, other groups have demonstrated this. Older patients that their enzyme isn't making nitrogoxide, whether they do nasal breathing or whether they do humming, there's no nitrogoxide coming out. So again, this is an activator and a stimulator, but it's dependent upon the function of the enzyme that makes nitrogoxide. If your enzyme is broken, humming, nasal breathing, exercise isn't going to produce any nitrogoxide. Is there anything else that I should be aware of if I'm trying to improve my nitrogoxide levels? I think it's doing the things that disrupt it.

1:19:23Get rid of fluoride, get rid of mouthwash, stop using in -ass, it's stop eating sugar, anything that leads to an elevation in blood sugar, a balanced diet and moderation, moderate physical exercise, 20 -30 minutes of sunlight a day. Sunlight. Sunlight, there's certain... At both ends of the visible spectrum, both the UV spectrum and the full spectrum infrared. So those frequencies and vibrations again stimulate nitrogoxide release. So the UV has an F -energy to riddle, it'll not nitrogoxide bound to a cysteine thiol and protein. Then the UV spectrum will release nitrogoxide bound to metals. So you mean go out in the sunshine, but also those red light beds instead?

1:20:06Yeah, they're red light. I have a red light bed. I have an infrared sauna that uses red lights in it and I use it every day. Full of nitrogoxide production. Right, yeah. And there's other benefits of light. You know, it can stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis and improves energy production. It can lower blood pressure. I do also benefits of light therapy. And yet, we're programmed to not go outside. If we go outside, put on SPF 60 and toxicate ourselves with these cancer -causing chemicals and sunscreen. I mean, it makes no sense. What is the most important thing we haven't talked about that we should have talked about today?

1:20:40Dr. Nathan. You know, I think the future... Well, I don't think. I know, you know, there's three levels of conviction. You think you believe and you know, I'm at the point of knowing. Now, the future of medicine and healthcare around the globe is going to be to pin upon nitrogoxide product technology. Because I think we can inform and instruct people to stop doing things or start doing things. But the most difficult thing to do is to change people's habits and to get people out of their comfort zone and stop drinking sugar, soda waters, eliminate sugar to the best extent possible, get 20, 30 minutes of exercise a day and completely change your diet.

1:21:22Compliance is an issue. People don't do that. They were programmed to want to take a pill to overcome everything and there's... That pill, nitrogoxide is very important, but it's not a silver bullet. It's not going to overcome all your bad habits. But what it is going to do, it's going to correct a lot of the things that your bad habits are leading to the efficiency of. Well, it's a good thing we have a lot of people that are devoted to finding new solutions to all problems. And you're certainly one of those people that is super fascinating. Because as I said at the start of this conversation, I had no idea about any of this stuff beforehand.

1:21:55I had no idea. I'd not really even had the word nitrogoxide. Maybe I'd heard it in passing, but maybe I was confusing it with that nozz gas that people talk about. And that's some people in hell. And maybe because I hadn't added context and story and understanding to it, maybe I'd heard it in passing, but didn't know what it was or meant. So it's really wonderful that you're leading the charge in educating the world on nitrogoxide because it's clearly a really, really important molecule in the broader picture of our health. And the more we understand it, the more we ask questions about it and have a curiosity about it, the higher the probability that we're going to be able to build some of these therapies that prevent us from ending up in a state, as we've seen in some of these graphs where we're deficient in nitrogoxide and then have to deal with the downstream consequences of that.

1:22:37So thank you for all the work that you were doing. It's really, really important. I'm going to ask you one final question, which is the question left by our previous guest. They don't know who they're leaving it for and they write it into this diary. So the question that's been left for you is, are you happily or unhappily mated? And why? Happily or unhappily mated. You know, one of my biggest challenges in life is maintaining balance. Because I've been so focused on discovery and research and believing a lasting legacy and making innovations and doing things in a scientific and medical community that many people said couldn't be done.

1:23:22And so my problem is there's always a deficiency. I've got young kids, I spend a lot of time away. And I'm happily mated, but there's deficiencies. Because, again, my challenge is always maintaining balance, work, home life, maintaining my spiritual, my mental, physical, and spiritual health. I'm trying to do better at that now, but there's always sacrifice. And we just have to pick our sacrifices. So I've got to choose to do better. Yeah, everything has a trade off. Thank you so much for the work that you do. Where do people want to find out more about you? They want to read more, they should certainly get this book, which you've just released, called The Secret of Nitric Oxide.

1:24:16I'll link it below for anyone that wants to have a read of this book. I highly recommend you do because it gives an even more comprehensive understanding of everything we've talked about today. And it's incredibly accessible, which is always critically important to me. But if they want to find out more, if they want to understand the products that you sell in anything else, where do they go? Well, I mean, obviously, I'm here to educate and inform on nitric oxide. You know, this latest book, The Secret of Nitric Oxide, Bringing the Science to Life, really chronicles both my kind of journey through science and medicine as you revealed kind of my early years and kind of what motivated me to go in this space.

1:24:48But I think more importantly, it tells the story of what led to a Nobel Prize for its discovery, what you can do to prevent the loss of this molecule. So you can go to Nathan's book .com or you can get it anywhere, books are sold, Amazon, Barnes and Noble. I've got a YouTube channel, Dr. Nathan S. Bryan Nitric Oxide, where we provide education, information, latest scientific information on nitric oxide. You can find me on social media, Instagram, Dr. Nathan S. Bryan. And then for those who want to follow our product journey and, bringing forth safe and effective product technology, that's in one, oh one .com.

1:25:28So it's the letter in, the number one letter, oh, number one .com. But we make products that release nitric oxide. Dr. Nathan Bryan, thank you so much for your time today, being so incredibly generous. But thank you so much for educating the world in such an articulate and accessible way on a subject that few of us knew very little about. It's incredibly important work and it's going to inspired me to think again about my diet and about the decisions I make, the habits I have about exercise, about some like exposure, about my oral microbiome, all of these things. So thank you so much for that, it's a real gift and I appreciate you taking the time today.

1:25:58Thank you so much. Pleasure being with you. This has always blown my mind a little bit. 53 % of you that listen to this show regularly haven't yet subscribed to this show. If you like the show and you like what we do here and you want to support us, the free simple way that you can do just that is by hitting the subscribe button. And my commitment to you, as if you do that, that I'll do everything in my power, me and my team to make sure that this show is better for you every single week. We'll listen to your feedback, we'll find the guests that you want me to speak to, and we'll continue to do what we do.

1:26:25Thank you so much.

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