An Alarming New Study About Brain Injuries in Football, and How States Are Paying Millions for Rain

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0:17From the New York Times, it's the headlines. I'm Tracy Mumford. Today's Tuesday, August 25th. Here's what we're covering.

0:28A new study about head injuries in football has revealed a staggering statistic. At least one in four NFL players gets the brain disease known as CTE. The new research, published this morning in the journal The BMJ, was based on examinations of the brains of hundreds of players. CTE is caused by repeated hits to the head, and symptoms can include mood swings, erratic behavior, and memory loss. It's hard to remember what I did yesterday. Like, I can't even tell you what I ate for dinner last night. For years, players and their family members have been sounding the alarm about the condition. He was getting increasingly paranoid.

1:09He was having increasing difficulties with his memory. Especially amid a series of suicides by players. He told me he loved me very much and that he felt there was something wrong with his brain and for me to please get it to the NFL. CTE can only be definitively diagnosed after death. And because of that, some players have been donating their brains to science. For the new study, researchers considered every NFL player who died between 2016 and 2021, about 900, some old, some young. The scientists were able to examine the brains of more than 200 of them and found that almost every single one had signs of CTE.

1:51The researchers said that if they'd been able to examine all of the players' brains, the number could be far higher, meaning that the 1 in 4 estimate is potentially a significant undercount. The figure is haunting because we can look at the NFL rosters, we can look at the teams that are playing on Sunday, and if we extrapolate this to today's NFL, That tells us that hundreds of current players will end up with this disease. John Branch covers sports for the Times and has reported on CTE extensively. He says that while the NFL downplayed the risks of repeated head trauma for years, the new data might be hard to ignore for both the multi-billion dollar league and for its fans.

2:32Football is part of American culture. Millions of people watch games every weekend. It brings people together. There's a lot of good about football. And these researchers will say the same thing. What I think is interesting and what I think it's caused me and a lot of people I know to do is really to start having these conversations about what can we do to limit the numbers? Should football be banned? That's one end of the spectrum. Should we do nothing? That's the other. What can we do in the middle to make football safer so that fewer families are going through the repercussions of CTE as their loved ones get older?

3:05John says, according to the lead author of the study, there are ways to make football less dangerous that wouldn't change the game, like keeping young kids from playing tackle football and reducing hits during practice at all levels, since the risks of CTE build up over a lifetime. In a statement in response to the study, the NFL, which has paid more than$1.5 billion in claims related to brain injuries, said that it, quote,

3:48Now, two quick updates from my colleagues covering the Trump administration. First, in an emergency opinion yesterday, the Supreme Court said the administration can move forward with its efforts to restrict mail-in voting, including a plan to let the United States Postal Service limit which voters it will deliver ballots to. The justices said this was not a final decision about whether President Trump's efforts, quote, will necessarily be lawful. But it means that plans for the new restrictions can move forward while a lower court considers the case. At this point, more legal challenges are likely.

4:26And when you consider that there's barely two months to go until the midterms, Times political reporter Nick Corosiniti says the Supreme Court has left a lot up in the air. The decision comes as the administration of elections, the very minutia of how votes are cast and counted, has become exceptionally polarized. a core of the political debate right now. And so injecting more uncertainty or even potential confusion or chaos will only add to that doubt and that swirling distrust. And. Today, at President Trump's direction, the United States Treasury has begun Operation Economic Outcast. Treasury Secretary Scott Besant gave a fiery speech yesterday, laying out what the administration is calling its most punishing economic attack yet against Iran.

5:18Our objective is to sever every economic lifeline that sustains this tyrannical regime until Tehran stands alone. The plan, which includes dozens of sanctions with the potential for more, comes as military strikes and negotiations have failed to achieve the goals the U.S. originally set out of curbing Iran's nuclear program and taking down its government. But Times economic policy reporter Alan Rappaport says that the administration's escalating economic threats are short on details and may end up being more bark than bite. Iran has been under strict Western sanctions for many years and even decades.

6:00In President Trump's first term, he instituted a maximum pressure campaign on Iran's economy. And just earlier this year, Treasury Secretary Besant unveiled a program called Operation Economic Fury, which was intended to strangle the Iranian economy. Through all that, Iran has still been able to continue fighting back against the U.S. and continue to fund its economy. And it's not clear how this new initiative is going to be any different from what the U.S. has tried before. And one last update on the Trump administration. The State Department has announced plans to revoke the visas of people who came to the U.S.

6:36temporarily for tourism or business and are now trying to stay by applying for asylum. The department has already started reviewing those cases, and the cancellations are expected in waves. It could affect as many as 200 ,000 people. A department spokesman said in a statement that, quote, These types of visas are issued with the clear understanding that they are for those who intend to return home. Meanwhile, the administration has halted the processing and adjudication of asylum applications, even though a federal judge has said it must review them.

7:13In Utah, out in a remote desert spot at the foot of a mountain range, there's a 25-foot-tall metal structure. Kind of looks like tricked-out, wired-up metal goalposts. And the company behind it is pitching it as one solution to the state's brutal drought. It says the device sends strong electrical pulses into the sky to help squeeze more water out of clouds. The practice is known as cloud seeding, which has been around for decades in several different forms. The most well-known involves using airplanes to spray particles of silver iodide into the atmosphere to help rain form and fall. And now, as drought in the West gets more and more common, a lot of new experimental technology is being rolled out.

8:01For example, the company behind that tower in Utah claims that last winter, it brought 15 % more snow to the nearby mountains. It's a bold claim, but local water officials are thinking about chipping in tens of thousands of dollars for more of the devices. And they're not alone. States across the West are now spending millions each year on various cloud-seeding efforts. When it comes to the tower, one of the Utah officials the Times talked with said that even without definitive evidence that the new technology is effective, it may be a gamble they can't afford to pass up, saying the water situation is so dire that, quote, perhaps we need to take some risk.

8:50And finally, it has been a summer of gastrointestinal distress. Put that on a tote bag. Between the cyclospora outbreak and some other food contamination issues, a lot of Americans have been thinking about how to manage a bad stomach bug. For a lot of people, they immediately think of the BRAT diet. Bananas, rice, applesauce, toast. Doctors once swore by it, the idea being that all those bland foods were the way to go if you were hit with nausea or diarrhea. Basically, they were easy to keep down. But experts have been moving away from BRAT for decades. By the 90s, the American Academy of Pediatrics no longer endorsed it.

9:32Researchers said it didn't seem to benefit patients' recovery and that following it for multiple days meant people weren't getting the nutrients they needed to get better. Doctors the Times spoke with say there's no problem with going toast only for, say, a day, But what's important is getting back to a normal diet as quickly as possible, one with protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals, all of which are lacking in the BRAT lineup. The body needs all of that to repair cells that can be damaged by stomach bug infections. Experts say there are a range of other foods that can pack a nutritional punch while still being easy on the stomach.

10:11Chicken, oatmeal, potatoes, eggs. So, COPE, I guess? Or OPEC? Is that taken? Stay healthy, everybody.

10:26Those are the headlines. Today on The Daily, the behind-the-scenes story of how high-stakes tariffs negotiations between the U.S. and Canada collapsed, and what the escalating trade war between the two countries could look like now. You can listen to that in the New York Times app or wherever you get your podcasts. I'm Tracy Mumford. We'll be back tomorrow.