The Chindits and USAID

26:30It was finally discovered 40 years ago. Louise Hidalgo spoke to two of the explorers who found it. It's just after midnight on the 1st of September 1985, and the North Atlantic Ocean is icy calm. Research scientist Kathy Offinger has just gone to bed. She's part of a French-American expedition searching for the remains of the lost ship, the Titanic. I could hear some commotion out in the hallway and realise that something was going on and somebody came bursting into each of the cabins to just call out, we found it, we found it. I don't think there was a person asleep on the ship after that moment.

27:12we all tried to cram into what we call our control vans to see the live video images and it was just an unforgettable moment to realise what we had just done. What the expedition led by the ocean explorer Robert Ballard had found was the greatest lost wreck in history, the Titanic which had lain undisturbed since sinking there with the loss of more than 1 ,500 lives 73 years earlier. That night, the co-chief scientist on the expedition, the French oceanographer Jean-Louis Michel, was watching the video pictures being beamed up from the ocean floor 4 ,000 metres below, when he began to see big black patches on the sea bottom, then floating bits of debris, shiny pieces, which he later realised were bits of crockery.

28:03The shiny pieces came certainly from debris of porcelain or dishes or whatever, I don't know. And very fast, let's say a few minutes later, we saw some pieces of metal. Did you know at that stage, or at what point did you realise that this was the Titanic? No, not at this time. Two minutes after, there was bigger and bigger pieces of metal. And let's say five minutes after, we have just in front of our screen the image of a boiler of a boiler of the last century and the beginning of the last century and we know by the boilers that the wreck was the Titanic By the time I got up there we were over the big parts of the hull the first images that really confirmed that it was the Titanic were the big boilers from the engine room with a very distinctive pattern of the bolts welded into the top of these big boilers.

29:10And we had a lot of historical data with us, photographs and ship's plans, and somebody had quickly dug up one of the photos of the boilers and held it up next to the video monitors, and they were the exact same items. Can you describe what you felt? What was the overriding feeling? I distinctly remember standing out on deck. It would have been about 2 in the morning at this point. Obviously, it's dark. It's the middle of the night. And I just was looking in the water, thinking about everything, and then it just hit me that right beneath us, right where I was looking, below us was where the ship was resting, and all of a sudden all these thoughts came flooding in about what had happened on this surface of water.

30:01It was quite an overwhelming emotion to realise that we were as close to the wreck as anybody had been in the previous 70 years. In an extraordinary coincidence, it had been at that same time, around 2 o 'clock in the morning, that the Titanic had sunk on that same spot all those years earlier. The Titanic had been the largest, most luxurious ship of her age, and in the popular imagination of the time, she was unsinkable. But just after midnight on April 15, 1912, the Titanic struck an iceberg, and all the latest technology, like a double hull, couldn't save her. Frank Prentice was a storekeeper on board the ship.

30:44All of a sudden she came to a halt. There was no impact as such. It was just like jamming your brakes on a car. And that was that she stopped. We had a port hole open, and I looked out, and the sky was clear, stars were shining, the sea was dead calm. Of course, what had happened, we'd slipped over the iceberg and although she was supposed to be unthinkable with a double bottom, the iceberg had cut her from forward on the starboard side to the engine room, right through her two bottoms. The ship began to go down. Another survivor, Edith Russell, had been bundled onto one of the few lifeboats. In an interview years later, she remembered looking back at the sinking ship.

31:33We struck the water. I think it was ten minutes to two, or five minutes to two. The ship stood there, fully lighted, absolutely lighted, music playing. The ocean was just as flat as your bathtub. I never saw a lake quite that flat. Inky black night, starlit, and not a ripple in the sea. And all of a sudden she lifted up quickly and you could hear everything crashing through her. Everything that was movable was going through her. And then she went down and seemed to come up again. And so I thought, well, now I'm going to leave. And I was hanging on to a board. We had two boards, Starbond port, which said, keep clear of propeller blades.

32:31And I was hanging on to one of these, and I was getting higher and higher in the air. And I thought, well, now I'll go. And I dropped in, and I hit the water with a terrific crack. And then I looked up at the Titanic. The propellers were right out of water. The rudder was right out. and I could see the bottom, and then gradually glided away, and that was that. That was the last of the Titanic. Eva Hart was seven years old in 1912. She, too, had made it onto one of the lifeboats. We watched her, and then we gradually saw the bows of the ship sinking, and we could hear all the panic of the people on the decks rushing about looking for a lifeboat, and all the lifeboats had gone, and there were still 1 ,500-odd people left on board with no possible means of being saved.

33:23It was a wonderful lifeboat. And a storm was stuck up in the air at the most terrible angle for a while and then just settled, leaned over and went down. And we saw her sink, we heard the noise, we heard the sound of people drowning, which to me is the most dreadful thing of all. Almost three quarters of a century later, what the crew on board the expedition ship the Noor had found was more than a piece of history. It was a grave. At that moment in time, only those of us on the ship, only 55 people at that moment knew what had just happened, and we were all sort of moved simultaneously to have an impromptu memorial service for those lost souls.

34:08We all assembled along the fantail, along the back deck of the ship, and I know Dr Ballard spoke and we just expressed our respect and honour for the people who'd lost their lives. The expedition had discovered the remains of the Titanic but they'd also begun to lay a mystery to rest. Many people hadn't been able to believe that a ship like that could snap in two. Dr Robert Ballard and his team showed that it had. For more than a year they kept the location of the Titanic secret while they surveyed the remains. But since then, many more expeditions have visited it, despite objections from some survivors and their relatives who believe that the site should be left untouched.

34:55Louise Hidalgo with the story of the sinking of the Titanic in 1912 and the ship's discovery in 1985. She was speaking to Cathy Offinger and Jean-Louis Michel, both part of the expedition which eventually found the wreck. Next, we're going back just over ten years to a pioneering moment in medical history, when the first baby was born to a mother who'd had a womb transplant. Reena Stanton-Sharmer has spoken to a professor of obstetrics who helped bring baby Vincent into the world. It's the 4th of September, 2014, in Gothenburg, Sweden. This is the baby boy born to parents who thought they might never have a child of their own.

35:41His name is Vincent. The baby is doing fine and of course that was fantastic happiness among me and the whole team. But in the same time it was a little unreal sensation also because we really couldn't believe that we had reached this moment. Little Vincent has helped push back the boundaries of what's possible. He may be the first of many. And he was. Vincent's birth followed 15 years of research led by Professor Mats Branstrom from Solgranska University Hospital, who was speaking in that BBC report. And baby Vincent, who weighed 1.8 kilos, was born early after his mother, Marlin Steenberg, had received a donated womb from a family friend more than a year earlier.

36:30After so many years, over a decade, with studies from mouse, rats, sheep, pigs, baboons, humans, the first human live birth, little Vincent was born. It was truly amazing. We were honoured. We were humble. Penilla Dam-Caella, professor of obstetrics and gynaecology at the University Solgrunska Academy, was a member of that talented team whose dedication would help bring Vincent into the world. little Vincent's mum who was 36 was born without a uterus the pear-shaped organ also called a womb which plays a critical role in menstruation and pregnancy but finding a donor wasn't that easy as she told the BBC in 2018 finally one of our friend's mother she actually offered to do this for us.

37:24She's a truly amazing woman to do all this for us. But we also were very lucky because this was five years ago now and everything was very successful. We heard him scream and the minute after I had him on my chest. Yeah, it's an amazing moment that is very hard to explain. It's almost so I, as you can hear, I get some tears in my eyes. The stakes were high for the doctors carrying out the transplant, which enabled Marlin to become a mother. We knew that we needed to be as good as it possibly could be, because otherwise if we would not get pregnancies out of this research, it would perhaps end the whole uterus transplantation, not only in Sweden, in Europe, but perhaps also in the world.

38:16Marlin was one of nine women who received womb transplants from living friends or relatives. The women were born without a uterus or had to have it removed because of cervical cancer. At the time, one in 5 ,000 females worldwide were born without a womb. So the first step is the donor. So we started with very thorough meticulous to treat the uterus with the vessels and to not injure her, of course, as a donor, and not injure the organ to be transplanted. And then that took 10, 12 hours. The uterus, you could say, is almost like your fist. And of course, the uterus that has been donated, you have a thorough examination of the uterus that it has been proven to bear a child.

39:10After you remove the uterus and you can imagine that the absolute last thing that you do is to cut the vessels. So the uterus or the organ, when you do a transplantation, have to have full optimal circulation all to the end. Because when you cut the vessels, the organ will not get, of course, any blood or oxygen. So when you cut the vessels, then you need to remove it quickly and flush it and put it on ice to minimize the damage of the organ. And then, of course, we closed the donor. And at that time, Malin was already prepared by another team that had opened and prepared the vessels to be sutured in.

40:03And that was just like in the next operating theater next door. So now you just go with a cold, flushed organ and you look at the small vessels to see is there anything that needs to be fixed before to put it in. You can see exactly how the vessels look like and then you put it in the young female patient and then you start with the vessels. So that's the first thing you do and you have it circulated and then you can suture ligaments and so forth. It was a success, but Marlin needed drugs to suppress her immune system to make sure that her body didn't reject the womb. A year later, with her partner Klaas, they went through IVF, in vitro fertilisation, where her eggs were fertilised in a lab, giving them embryos which were frozen.

41:01The next step was to implant one of those embryos. Marlin and her husband, Klaas, came for a follow-up. But she said, I don't think I'm pregnant. We said, OK, let's just, you know, check with a urine sample. So she left the urine and then we sat and talked and waited. And then the nurse came in with the answer on a paper slip. And I said, we can look at it together. And it was positive. And I said, it's positive. What is positive? What is it? What is positive? You're pregnant. I remember that it was an amazing moment and believing, not believing, is it true? It was, of course, you know, like every woman that has a positive pregnancy test is somewhat surprised, happy, afraid, anxious.

42:03Vincent arrived early after almost 32 weeks, but he was perfectly healthy. And we were so focused and hopeful. It was like very similar to any cesarean. Little Vincent was out quickly, screamed, and then we were very happy. And I feel privileged to be part of this process. Ten years later, the boy who'd made history gave a speech in front of a room full of doctors, including Pernilla.

42:59Today, I and about 60 other kids like me with regular children. My mom and dad are here with me today and I know they and the Swedish team and doctors are very proud of me. I'm very happy that I'm here because all the brave people in this room. So how did it feel seeing him again? Super. He says he's just an ordinary boy. He loves sports. when he was born it gave hope to so many women around the world yes professor panilla damkayella part of the team that made it possible for baby vincent to be born she was speaking to rena stanton sharma next from the fine work that doctors can do in hospitals we turn to a sport which has a tendency to end up landing people in hospital boxing.

43:55For this week's sporting witness we're going back to Las Vegas in the 1990s when the Mexican-American boxer Oscar De La Hoya was getting ready to face his toughest test a clash with Ike Bazooka Corte. Mark Wilberforce relived the bout with the former golden boy of boxing. The best moment of my entire career was the 12th round in the Ike Corte fight. I remember I knocked him down, he knocked me down. And so going into the 12th round, everybody's saying, like, the fight is even. You have to win this round. Oscar De La Hoya was the golden boy of American boxing. Olympic champion, world title holder, a rising icon.

44:39But he often faced criticism for the quality of opponents he fought. I always had that pressure to perform even harder, to fight the best fighters, just because of the criticism I was receiving. So I remember telling my whole team, look, I need a big fight. That's when we got our heads together and we decided, hey, let's fight Ike Korte. This guy's going to give you a hell of a fight. On the 10th of February, 1999, three days before the fight, a press conference was held. Las Vegas was familiar grounds for Oscar, but the atmosphere in the media briefing was something he'd never experienced.

45:20There was a lot of noise and drums and people yelling, ah, you know, and there was I. Corté's posse all around him. I mean, there must have been 50 people around him just having a good time playing drums. You know, it was a lot of fun. I thought that I. Corté was like a hero in Ghana. It's fight night in Vegas for the 67-kilogram division. The championship is on the line, and the main event is just minutes away. I remember being inside the locker room and I will never forget 10 minutes before the actual fight takes place. They call you and they say, it's your turn. Let's go. And butterflies start flying in your stomach and you get a little nervous, you know.

46:05And so I remember walking down to the ring. The music goes on. I had mariachi playing, which was very traditional for me in every fight. And so I remember just watching all the people, how excited they were. But when you see Ike Korte coming up, you see him with his entourage. He's like 30 deep. I remember going up to the ring and hearing this band playing like nonstop. And they were ringside and you couldn't hear the crowd because the band was sold out. This was such a unique experience. Like everybody was like, wow, this looks like a tough guy. What was your overall fight plan going into this bout against Ike Korte?

46:49My strategy was solely to make it a dogfight, to make it entertaining, to shut up the doubters all over the world that, oh, Oster, you know, can't fight. Oh, he hasn't fought a tough guy, this and that. So I would box the little on my toes. After the second or third round, I noticed that when I would jump on my toes, I could take couldn't figure me out. So I would throw my jab, bouncing on my toes, and he couldn't block it. So I was like, wait, I kind of discovered something here. From the first bell, both fighters showed a lot of respect for each other. Then round six arrives, and all respect is well and truly gone.

47:31I remember hitting him with one of the hardest left hooks I've ever thrown. Boom. And he drops on his butt, gets back up shakes it off and here he comes again with his powerful jab and then i remember him dropping me all of a sudden i mean because i got confidence with their guard a little low right there and then i said to myself oh my gosh okay this is gonna be a long fight i remember telling myself in that round when i went back to my corner just have a good time because my Trainers would always tell me, Oscar, when you are doing your best, you're having a great time in the rain. I noticed that your head trainer, Robert Alcazar, would often switch between English and Spanish when speaking to you in the corner.

48:19Which of the two languages got through to you more in the heat of the battle? Well, one thing about Robert at the time, he would get so nervous, right? He would give me great instructions in English. And that's when I knew that, OK, Robert has it under control. But when he gets nervous, he starts talking in Spanish. So you can imagine like, OK, I'm thinking in my head, please don't start talking in Spanish because I know you're nervous. You know, so he's telling me in English, son, go knock him out. And then all of a sudden he tells me in Spanish, son, I love you. And and, you know, please be careful.

48:54And I'm like, don't tell me that. I'll be OK. I remember, I think it might have been the seventh, eighth round, Robert Alcazar was starting to talk in Spanish. I was like, oh no, here we go. What am I doing wrong? Am I losing the fight? Yeah. Between rounds 9 to 11, Oscar noticed something odd about Corté's approach. I remember I, Corté, changing up his game plan. I believe in the corner they told him, look, you can hit him all day with the right hands. And sure enough, they were right. At the time, I wasn't really aware that I was kind of lowering my left hand a bit, so I was open for the right hand.

49:33So I started tagging it with right hands and very powerful right hands. I mean, it swelled up my cheek. I remember that, but it was like a badge of honor. At the end of round 11, Robert Alcazar was speaking Spanish again while giving Oscar slaps of encouragement. De La Hoya needed to produce the three most spirited fighting minutes of his life. I remember throwing like 30, 40 punches And connecting every single one And he's still throwing back And I'm like, oh my, what is this guy made of? And I'm thinking to myself Wait, the referee's going to stop it Because he's getting punched, you know, left and right But the referee's just looking And I'm like looking to the referee And I'm punching and looking and punching And you can imagine the crowd is going crazy Then the final bell rang and to me it was like a rocky moment.

50:25We both raised our hands and it was just like, wow, thank God it's over. It was a pretty special moment. Referee Mitch Helpen held off from stopping the fight and in doing so allowed a defining moment to unfold. I was glad Helpen didn't stop it because it left this memorable emotion in millions of people's head. You know, people will always remember that 12th round, how special it was, how action-packed for the both of us. And I can see Iker Tate's face as well. He felt proud that he hung in there with me, that he dropped me. He felt proud that he was still standing up after 30 unanswered punches in the 12th round.

51:06He felt proud. I don't know. I've never been inside the ring feeling that ever again. That was the only moment where I really had to dig deep down inside and really fight for my win. The bout ended as a split decision. Two scorecards in favor of De La Hoya and one for Corté. A verdict that's still up for debate. I think it could have gone either way. Does it merit a draw? You know, I think both of us would have actually loved having a draw, but I felt that last 12th round was very crucial in winning the fight. Having to see me in a long 12-round fight where I get dropped, you know, was a first for a lot of people.

51:46So I didn't even mind if Vyker Tay would have won. It was that good. You know, it was that close. Once that final bell rings, me as a fighter, I always think, man, I should have done more. I remember we embraced several times just because we had so much respect for each other. It was a rare moment in boxing where it's like you're fighting for your life and tooth and nail. And all of a sudden, the bell rings. And all you want to do is just hug your opponent, you know, and thank him. Because at that moment, I knew exactly what we just created here. That was history. Oscar De La Hoya retired from boxing in 2009.

52:25But that narrow, grueling wind stuck with him. He went on to become CEO of Golden Boy Promotions. He was speaking to Mark Wilberforce. Finally this week, a spot of shopping. For this, we're going back to Lithuania in the early 2000s for the creation of Vinted, the online marketplace specialising in second-hand goods. It now has millions of members around the world. Rachel Naylor has spoken to its co-founder.

52:55It's about 2am, sometime in August 2008, and we're at a house party in Lithuania. 21-year-old Mildur Mudkute has just moved out of her mum's into a flat in the capital, Vilnius. And she's moaning to everyone about how many belongings she has. Oh my God, I have so much stuff. There was a lot, like, lots of stuff. I counted about 300 items in total. Like, I mean, shoes, dresses, skirts, trousers, jeans and everything. And I realised, OK, that I can take only 100 because my new closet in my new apartment is like three times smaller. Then she has a brainwave. I was, OK, you know, most of the items, they're still with labels or like worn once or twice, like, and that's it.

53:41And they were like brand new, basically. And for me, it was, I'm 21, I need some money. And was the idea, hmm, I can sell to some friends, I can earn some money, and then I can buy more, like, and can buy from other people, like from other closets as well. She tells her mate Eustace Janowskis her idea. I was actually super convinced that every girl has the same issue as I do. Eustace was totally the opposite. So he said, seriously, like people have like more than five pairs of shoes? I was like, yes, of course. So I have only like five pairs of shoes just for winter. And for him, it was like a huge surprise.

54:18And then since we were in a big party, Eustace said, okay, so let's go just to make the test. And he just walked to the door after the door and said, oh, you, can you come to me? I want to ask you some questions. and he just found some, I don't know, five, ten girls in the party and he said, of course I would use that. I was like, amazing idea. And for him, like, he says, OK, let's do it together. We made a plan when we're going to meet next. We had the next day during the lunchtime. We said we meet and we need to decide the name of, like, the project that we have. And that name was? Mano-drabuji.lt.

54:50So Mano, it means mine. Drabuji, it means clothing. And within two weeks, Mildur and Eustace had built a website. It was like, boom, like super fast. And if I would do it now, I would expect to be more professional. But maybe we should invest into design. Maybe we should think about what members want, what kind of features it should have. At that time, you know, the key thing, we just want to launch it and to beat life. That's it. But in their haste and enthusiasm. We even forgot to develop the button. I want to buy this item. My friends, they're texting me and they're saying, but this is just a catalog to watch?

55:25If I want to buy, how can I buy them? I was like, oh, shoot. And we said, OK, wait a minute. I called to Eustace and Eustace, OK, give me like 30 minutes. I will do that. With the buy button sorted, their site was up and running. And Milda sold about 40 items of her clothing in the first week. I realised, OK, just to have more buyers in the future, we need to have more listers, more sellers. So I wrote email. In our days, it would be called a spam, I would say. Like, you know, in 2008, it was super normal practice. But I wrote, you know, guys, I have super wonderful idea. Could you please upload some more stuff?

56:01Because I believe in this idea. And I sent, like, you know, for 20, 30 people. And then magic happened. Like in one hour, instead of, like, people uploading the items, the radio stations, online news portals started to call us. I was like, oh, could you tell us about your project? I was like, what?

56:22This is Milda speaking on LRT radio in 2009. She's saying that because fashions change, we get bored of our clothes. And that with her sight, you now have the chance to refresh your wardrobe.

56:39So it seems I had some good friends who just made the first word of mouth. and instead of collecting more items in the catalogue, we got lots of attentions. And thanks to the publicity, memberships kept growing and they launched a version of their site in Germany called Kleiderkreisel, or KK, meaning closed circle. We were super active couchsurfing where you can go to foreign countries and you can say, I want to sleep in your place and you don't pay anything. You have extra room and you can just give it for free. There were two German girls, Sophie and Susan. they came to Eustace's house Friday or Saturday at night.

57:13It was 5 a.m. or something. So they come back from the party and they found Eustace coding. And they asked, so what are you doing here? And he said, oh, I have some kind of project. And he explained. And those two ladies said, oh, my God, we need this project in Germany. And then Eustace said, but, you know, we have zero money. Like, we cannot offer anything to you. And they said, we don't care. We need this project because it would work in Germany. And Eustace said, OK, let's do it. So this is how it works. In 2011, businessman Mantis Mikutskas came on board. He said, like, I think that you still don't realise what you have created.

57:46I think that also, to Eustace and I, we had stigma about what Lithuanians can create and offer to the world. Even Germany, for us, it looked more like an accident. I think that we were too afraid to dream about that. And Mantis, well, he came from outside and he said, like, guys, I think you don't know what you're talking about. We should go global. And so they did. Hiring a team and launching an app in 2012. We entered France and Poland. Both of the markets were also instant hit for us. We were super afraid to go to the new markets because this is the moment of truth. Like, can you do that or not?

58:23Or was it just the accident just to be that lucky? So it was like lots of celebrations there in the office. They also went on to launch in the US in 2013 and the UK in 2014, re-branding as Vinted. But in a bid to make more money, I would say one of the biggest mistakes that we did in vintage history, so we did commission fee, and actually it was pretty high. It was different from each market, but it was from 11 % to 19%. So 19 % is like, well, it's a lot. And of course, we weren't that good at communicating why we are doing this. So it was like all the members, they were fighting. And if you would see the account profile picture, it was like, KK is bad.

59:06KK is, well, I don't want to use bad words here, but it was like lots of, lots of starting from F. And it was like a disaster. Oh, our word of mouth, like our organic growth, like almost zero. Like it was instantly almost zero. And we had the time in 2016 where we said, OK, we have about seven, eight months to survive. If we do nothing, we're going to die. Cue Thomas Plantenga, a Dutch executive who was brought in in 2016 as a consultant. He scrapped the high commission fees and suggested advertising on TV. And I was like, seriously, our generation, they don't watch TV. And then Thomas said, no, no, guys, I think that we should try.

59:45And he finally convinced us to do the super conservative test. I guess it was in France for a couple of weeks. Le mouvement Vinted, c 'est vous. Vous êtes convaincu qu 'il est possible de trouver l 'inspiration chez quelqu 'un d 'autre, même à l 'autre bout de la France. And it was a boom. It was like insane. A few months later, Milda left the company when she had her first child. In 2019, Vinted became Lithuania's first unicorn, a private startup company valued at over$1 billion. And four years later, it became the first major second-hand marketplace to make a profit. I feel, you know, somehow with the age, and I also have four kids now, I'm starting to think about, you know, climate, about the world.

1:00:26And for me, it's now actually the key reason is like, you know, I want my kids and my grandparents and the rest of the, you know, society, that they would live in a green world. So what we also see from our research or some people that I talk, so they say, I got used to sell everything that I cannot even think about throwing them out because I want to resell everything. So, you know, this is the shift that we made. Of course, it took like lots of years, but I'm proud of this shift that we are creating and what we did. And do you still use it? Of course, when you have kids, it's impossible. So we also have some rules in our home.

1:01:04If the kids want some plastic things, it should come from Vinted. I say, you have 10 minutes to browse, so they know everything, how to make favourites. We are very against phones and everything, but for Vinted, they know how to use it. Vinted now has more than 500 million items listed for sale across 23 countries, and the company behind the site is worth an estimated$5 billion. dollars. Milda Mitkutte remains a shareholder. She was speaking to Rachel Naylor. And with that story of a highly successful move towards recycling, we've come to the end of this edition of the History Hour. We don't throw anything away, incidentally.

1:01:41All the items you hear are carefully logged and curated on our website. Thousands of first-hand stories from the past. Find them all by visiting the Witness History website. And I'll be back with another collection next week, so until then, this is Max Pearson. From all of us here, thanks for listening. Goodbye. A moment in time captured by what they heard. I heard some people making phone calls. Okay, which one way would you like at Teterboro? What they saw. I put my head down. I saw the movie of my life. It started going through my head. What they smelt. I still remember the smell of the fresh fish.

1:02:13And I completely lost my appetite. Moments captured which last for a lifetime. Scientists have made the atomic bomb. That sort of flash set on fire the birds and they all fell down without their feathers on. The way was clear for Hitler to realize all his demonic plans. Stories from people with first-hand accounts of events that have shaped our world. At the end, Kissinger called me into his office and he said he did a good job. I left the office with tears in my eyes. She called me and told me, I'm doing Studio 54. She had already become a star in Paris. She came back a superstar. Listen now.

1:02:59Search for Witness History wherever you get your BBC podcasts.

1:03:08Hello, Greg Jenner here. I'm the host of You're Dead to Me, the BBC comedy show that takes history seriously. Every episode, I pair up a top historian with a fantastic comedian, and we have a lovely, funny, fascinating chat about a different subject from world history. And in this new series, we're beginning with an epic voyage through the story of Homer, the Iliad and the Odyssey. And that's with Kyle Smith-Bino joining us. And then we'll be learning about Francis Galton and the racist, discredited pseudoscience of eugenics with Desiree Birch. We'll meet many medieval saints in their bone boxes with Rachel Parrott.

1:03:42So if that sounds like your sort of thing, listen to You're Dead to Me wherever you get your podcasts. Thank you. Bye.