The origins of Indian cinema and the start of Scouting

21:57Sunny Singh:and there were 11 ,000 of them.

22:00Max Pearson:And little did Baden-Powell know that these 11 ,000 members would grow into millions.

22:07Sunny Singh:Then among the boys as they were marching past we found some groups of girls in scout hats with staves and lanyards and haversacks like the boys. So I had eventually to write a book for them giving them the name of guides to distinguish them from scouts. And that is how the Girl Guides started, on their own. Soon we began to hear from the overseas dominions and colonies that they were all taking up scouting. And before long, foreign countries too were translating scouting for boys into their languages and playing the game of scouting.

22:51Max Pearson:The first World Scout Jamboree, that's a large gathering of scouts or girl guides, was held in 1920 in London. 8 ,000 scouts from 34 nations were there. It was during this event that it's said that Baden-Pow was looking for a song that everyone could sing, no matter what their language was.

23:22Max Pearson:Gingang gooli was the result it's of no language it is usually sung in a round and is now regularly sung at scout gatherings here you can hear it sung by scouts in the Philippines Sri Lanka and the USA

23:43Max Pearson:Now this world event takes place in a different country every four years. Here's Baden-Powell speaking to the BBC in 1929.

23:54Sunny Singh:Well I can't think of anything except the Boy Scouts Jamboree just now and how we're going to feed all the boys who are coming to it. The last time we had a jamboree, the boys ate no less than three quarters of a mile of jam roll. This year, I expect it will be about five miles of it before we've done with them.

24:14Max Pearson:And at that time, it was the world's biggest gathering of young people. Over the next 100 years, scout events were to become even bigger, with a lot more miles of jam roll needed. Baden-Powell was in his 60s when he was made Chief Scout of the World in 1920. He continued to lead the movement until he died aged 83.

24:39Sunny Singh:Since his death in 1941, the World Scout membership is growing faster than ever before. Leagues and disarmaments and treaties and promises are all very well in their way between politicians, but they cannot produce peace unless the people themselves really want it. And that's what we're after, to try and breed in the next oncoming generation that spirit of friendship, comradeship and goodwill which is the true foundation for peace in the world. And those words still ring true. Archive recording of Lord Baden-Powell ending that look at the origins of the scouting movement from Jill Kersley. as the late chief scout might say, I will try to do my best.

25:32Sunny Singh:Still to come, how disasters in the 1970s led to the founding of the humanitarian organization Doctors Without Borders and the woman who created correction fluid to fix her typos.

25:44Max Pearson:My fingers would hang heavy on the sensitive keyboard and the first thing I'd know, I'd have a mistake with a deposit of carbon which I simply couldn't erase.

25:53Sunny Singh:Before that, we're going to Guinea in 2009 when thousands of people took part in a rally to protest against a military leader. It would end in terrible violence. Megan Jones has been hearing from the mother of one of the protesters, Asimu Diallo.

26:10Max Pearson:Now that I am close to the victims, I can explain the pain we all went through during and after the massacre. Some people were deeply wounded, some people died, some people were raped and some people disappeared. It's early in the morning on the 28th of September 2009. We're in Guinea's capital city of Conagry in West Africa. Around 50 ,000 pro-democracy supporters are walking towards the main football stadium along a dirt road. One of them is 33-year-old Alley, Asma Ujalo's eldest son. That day, he saw and heard a lot of people walking towards the stadium and he decided to go and see what was happening.

26:57Max Pearson:He decided to follow the leaders and enter the stadium. When I heard that he had gone there, I didn't feel good at all. The peaceful rally has been organized to protest against plans by military leader Moussa Daddy's camera to stand in the presidential election. I called my brothers and sisters to try and get some news because when I was calling Ali, he wasn't answering. He knew I wouldn't approve of him being there, but he was communicating with my family and he was telling them about the situation at the stadium. Some people were sitting there and praying. Some people were singing. Some others were shouting that this was a day of freedom.

27:43Max Pearson:There was a good atmosphere.

27:49Max Pearson:After a while, I kept calling him and a man answered his phone. When I heard the voice of this man, I didn't know. I told him I wanted to talk to the owner of this phone. He only said, hey, and he turned the telephone off.

28:09Max Pearson:Asmaou doesn't recognise the man's voice or why he's holding Ali's phone. But deep down, she knows something just isn't right. President Lonson Okonte seized power in a 1984 coup and died in December 2008.

28:26Sunny Singh:According to the constitution, the head of Guinea's National Assembly should now be in charge.

28:31Max Pearson:Instead, military leader Moussa Dadiz Kamara named himself as president, as reported by the BBC.

28:38Sunny Singh:As of today, the constitution is suspended, as well as political and union activity. The government and the institutions of the republic have been dissolved.

28:48Max Pearson:At first, his popularity grew as he promised democracy in the country, including presidential elections, which he wouldn't stand in.

28:56Sunny Singh:The president of neighbouring Senegal has urged the international community to recognise the new military leadership. They've told me they need eight months to arrange electoral registration and so on, and that after that elections would be organised.

29:10Max Pearson:After speculation he was now intending to run for election, the 28th of September rally was organised. It started peacefully, but then troops under Kamara's room entered the stadium and opened fire. Nearly 90 people are reported to have been killed in Guinea during an opposition protest in the capital, Conakry. From my house, I could hear the gunshots. But we didn't know if they were shooting in the air to scare people. We could hear people in the stadium screaming and crying. Now, the African Union has condemned security forces in Guinea for opening fire on unarmed protesters. I told my other sons that Ali was dead.

29:58Max Pearson:They said that I shouldn't say that, that I shouldn't think bad for my son. I told them I did not wish for anything bad to happen to him. With reports that soldiers were taking some of the dead to army camps, the final figure may never be known. The first thing I noticed after this event was the silence in the streets. We couldn't go out. It looked like a city during a war. We started thinking of how we could find my son. And although some of us didn't think that he had been killed, I knew that my son was dead. It was very difficult for me to be at the most. first because the bodies had not been properly preserved.

30:48Max Pearson:A lot of people were not able to recognise the person they were looking for because of the decomposition of the corpses. It was not easy, but fortunately, we were able to recognise my son's body.

31:04Max Pearson:That day, more than 150 people were killed and many others were left scarred.

31:13Max Pearson:A lot of women have been raped during this massacre. Some were pushed into isolated rooms to be raped by several soldiers. Some were even beaten to death. Some of them are now suffering from a lifelong disability. And because they were raped, they were abandoned by their husband. And even if they were not raped, their husband did not want them back. Because they were probably touched by other men, soldiers. These women are completely lost today.

31:46Max Pearson:In the aftermath of the massacre, Moussa Dadis' camera survived an assassination attempt where he was shot in the head. He was treated in Morocco before going to Burkina Faso. When Dadis was arrested, things got a little better. But we still had to hide sometimes until the situation in our country became slightly different after 2010. We could walk the streets again, but we told some victims to keep hiding because we were still worried. After returning from exile in 2022, Kamara faced charges including murder, rape, torture and kidnapping. But these were later reclassified as crimes against humanity.

32:32Max Pearson:Then, exactly 13 years after the massacre, his trial began, although he denied any involvement. But then the verdict was delivered.

32:47Max Pearson:Kamara was convicted along with several other military commanders, while four others were acquitted. His lawyer said the ruling was politically motivated and said they would appeal.

33:05Max Pearson:We consider that justice was done because we worked for 15 years to get a trial. We had to wait for 15 years, but there's still a lot of things to do to consider. Less than a year later, an unexpected announcement was made.

33:26Max Pearson:A decree was announced regarding compensation for all victims, and that was good. But then they decided the day after, on a second decree, that this was released and pardoned. we were all in shock. This guy was supposed to be in jail for 20 years and suddenly he is released supposedly because he was sick. As she grieved and fought to help others, Asmaou founded the Association of Victims, Relatives and Friends. Currently over 700 victims are registered with her to receive compensation but hundreds are still waiting and still healing. The moment will come and we'll need to pursue something else after.

34:17Max Pearson:Because what I have in mind is to create a foundation with my son's name so that we keep talking about him. That's my will and my wish and I will do it if God allows me.

34:34Sunny Singh:The words of Asamo Diallo. she was speaking to Megan Jones. Whenever the worst man-made or natural disasters occur, and wherever in the world, it's more than likely that teams of volunteer doctors and medics will arrive and be on hand to help the injured. The story of one such group goes back to 1971, when 13 men sat down in an office in Paris to launch what would become one of the world's best-known humanitarian organisations. Jane Wilkinson has been hearing from one of those original medics.

35:11Sunny Singh:We were going to be part of medical history, like our predecessors, the military doctors in Africa. There was a real spirit of brotherhood, of fighting injustice, like the World War II resistance fighting that our fathers told us about.

35:28Max Pearson:Meet Dr. Xavier Emanuele, one of the 13 founders of the group that became known as MSF, a charity born out of disaster and disease.

35:41Sunny Singh:In 1970, a major cyclone happened in Pakistan. In the eastern part, that would later become Bangladesh. 500 ,000 people dead or disappeared. It was a huge crisis. Quite apart from the casualties, over two and a half million people lost their homes and all their possessions. This quiet patchwork of rivers and islands was struck by winds of up to 150 miles per hour, carrying 20-foot waves which swept all before them. The receding waters left the countryside strewn with the bodies of villagers, so many in fact that hundreds still lay unburied more than a week after the disaster. In France, there was a well-known medical journal called Tonus, very popular among medical students and young doctors.

36:33Sunny Singh:The editor of Tonus had written that the cyclone had caused hundreds of thousands of deaths. And yet, he said, we are here sitting quietly in our little offices, in our hospitals. So he launched an appeal, join us, we need you.

36:53Max Pearson:Xavier, then in his mid-twenties, was working in a hospital in Paris.

36:59Sunny Singh:There was an emergency system called, and still is, SAMU, France's National Emergency Medical Service. And I was helping to set it up. But I dreamt of a venture. I didn't want to stay in an office in the same place.

37:16Max Pearson:So Xavier answered the call. And he wasn't the only one. Around 400 people registered to help.

37:24Sunny Singh:The editor of Tonus, he sees all these doctors arriving. And it's very embarrassing because he doesn't know what to do with them all. So he starts to put them in groups to think about what our missions will be. International emergencies, wars, earthquakes, refugee camps.

37:46Max Pearson:Most of the volunteers had little international aid experience. but there were few doctors who knew exactly how tough the work would be. A few years earlier, they'd been volunteer medics in the middle of a bloody conflict.

38:02Sunny Singh:In 1967, there had been a rebellion in Biafra, Nigeria. They wanted their independence and about one million people died during the civil war. Sweeping over the town, strafing and dropping rockets as they move. Yesterday, 27 people were killed and about 300 were injured. At precisely half past one every day, they come over the town. Patients are sitting out on the lawns at hospitals. Here comes the next one. President Charles de Gaulle asked the Red Cross in France to send doctors to help. So, some went. But after the war ended, they came back home. and when there was the call for help from Tonus, they signed up.

38:49Max Pearson:By the autumn of 1971, there were hundreds of volunteers, led by 11 doctors and two journalists.

38:57Sunny Singh:We were the ones who were really active, who came out of all these discussions. We were from the left side of politics.

39:07Max Pearson:And in December, the 13 founders sat down in a Paris office to draw up their official charter.

39:16Sunny Singh:We had a long meeting. We were drinking, smoking, talking, and we were young. We know that we were starting a big adventure.

39:28Max Pearson:But first, they had to agree on a name. Raymond Borel, the editor of Donnus, had already set up Secours Medical Français, French Medical Relief. But the title wasn't quite right for their new project.

39:44Sunny Singh:The editor said it doesn't mean anything, Secours Medical Français. What I want is the word doctor in it. So we did an anagram. We already had the M letter with the word medicine. OK, but what are we going to do with the letter S and F? And that's how we decided, sans frontières, without borders.

40:10Max Pearson:But what did that actually mean?

40:13Sunny Singh:Are there geographic borders? Are we going every place where there's a tough situation? Or are there the borders we have in our minds? People who have been excluded, battered women, gay people, victims of racism. And this is how we started the movement, with the double approach. That's why we could call ourselves humanitarian.

40:39Max Pearson:So in 1972, clutching his new identity card, Xavier set off on his first mission. He was now a doctor without borders, and he was heading to the newly independent Bangladesh, still recovering from flooding, war and disease.

40:57Sunny Singh:The country was devastated. All the infrastructure was destroyed. During the night, I could hear gunfire. You could see horse carts carrying cadavers, people who had been shot. We had a dispensary with a pharmacy, and the first day we opened the shutters, we saw a long line of people. I had never seen so many sick and wounded. There was dysentery, malaria, malnutrition, fevers, and also wounds from the war that had not been treated. And I'm also one of the still living people, doctors, who saw smallpox. One month, we might have 30 dead children. Many families lost at least one member. This is when you understand what misery is.

41:50Sunny Singh:You have very little medicine, you put your stethoscope on the heart and you hear boom, boom, boom. Give some aspirin and on to the next one because there are so many people waiting.

42:10Max Pearson:Xavier stayed in Bangladesh for three months, one of the first missions carried out by MSF. and over the decades their work grew, aiming to provide care regardless of race, religion or politics. In 1999, in recognition, the charity celebrated winning the Nobel Peace Prize. We accept it on behalf of the populations in danger that we serve and that we work with around the world. Dr James Orbinski, then president of MSF International. We accept it with honour, but with a certain degree of humility and dignity. Today, the charity is based in more than 70 countries, supported by 51 ,000 staff and volunteers and funded mainly by private donations.

42:55Sunny Singh:We introduced the structure and logistics of military medicine to the civilian world and I learnt a lot of things. Sometimes I was scared for my life. You feel the need to run away, but it was like a rite of passage. I was transformed and I met the best people of my generation. They're all my brothers. I call them my valiant companions. The origins of Médecins Sans Frontières. Dr Xavier Emanuele was speaking to Jane Wilkinson. Next, we're going to have this week's sporting witness, and it's an amazing first-hand insight into one of the most famous boxing matches of all time, the thriller in Manila.

43:40Sunny Singh:Carlos Padilla, the referee, has been talking to Jay Baruzzi.

43:46Max Pearson:The thriller in Manila was the third fight between bitter rivals Muhammad Ali and Smokin' Joe Frazier. Their first at Madison Square Garden in New York was billed as the fight of the century. Frazier was the undefeated heavyweight champion and Ali was returning to boxing after a lengthy legal battle with the American government after famously refusing the Vietnam draft. Frazier won that one by a unanimous decision. The second was also at Madison Square Garden, and Ali took that one. The hype for this third fight went into overdrive. Millions were watching around the world. The two fighters disliked each other intensely, so they needed a strong, experienced referee.

44:45Max Pearson:Carlos Padilla was 41 years old when he stepped into the ring that morning for the biggest matchup of his life.

45:02Sunny Singh:them because they're heavy, especially pressure, I have to use both hands. So my feet is always grabbing the canvas.

45:13Max Pearson:Wherever there was a big fight, promoter Don King was sure to be involved. He was easily the most powerful man in boxing, a constant figure at ringside.

45:23Sunny Singh:Don King and the The others are already in the Philippines. And Frazier is always complaining after the two fights that Ali is always holding him.

45:37Max Pearson:Three American referees had been flown out to the Philippines, but Frazier's team weren't happy with any of them. They were still angry with Ali for holding or clinching in the last two bouts, stopping their man from getting a good punch in. They didn't trust the refs that Don King had chosen. If the fight wasn't going to be called off at the last minute, a new ref was needed. And quickly. Carlos got the call. Fifty years later, he still thinks there were bigger forces at play, even bigger than Don King.

46:07Sunny Singh:I'm 100 % that it's President Marcos who insisted. He said maybe this is a big publicity for the Philippines. Everybody, you know, the Philippines should have the expenses. So that changed. It's Marcos, I believe.

46:27Max Pearson:Ferdinand Marcos Sr. was the Philippines' dictatorial president. The thriller in Manila was great PR for his government, even more so with a Filipino referee in the ring with them. It attracted tourists, celebrities, global media, plus an estimated 700 million watching on TV and in special cinema screenings all over the world.

46:48Sunny Singh:The day of the fight, 5 o 'clock in the morning, me and my uncle went to Araneta Colosseum. So we took a taxi. So when we arrived at the venue, there are a lot of people already slept there the night coming from the provinces.

47:15Sunny Singh:The first fight started at 7 o 'clock in the morning. Larry Holmes also fight there. And he won. He knocked the brother of the former Olympic boxer.

47:31Max Pearson:That'll be Larry Holmes versus Rodney Bobik. Holmes won that one by technical knockout. And while all of that was happening in the ring, Carlos was backstage where it was mayhem. Him and his uncle were waiting around when one of the organizers approached them. Carlos had been selected to referee the fight.

47:51Sunny Singh:At almost 11 o 'clock in the morning, he said, Carlos, they are waiting for you there. Don't you know that you're going to referee the fight? Huh? Go there, hurry up. They're waiting for you. The international correspondent, the reporter. Go to the ring already, because they were going to start the fight already. OK, when I go to the ring, I almost done work, because that is the first time in my life that I saw a big ring. It is made to order for Ali. You know, the truth is, I always referee in the Philippines. The boxers there, especially local boxers, they just lowest weight, flyweight, bantamweight, featherweight, and lightweight is already big there.

48:55Sunny Singh:So I said, by God, it's like a skating rink.

49:02Max Pearson:Finally, Ali and Frazier touch gloves, and the fight is on. The venue was air-conditioned, but that didn't stop things from getting heated.

49:19With no real time to prepare, he immediately had his work cut out.

49:24Max Pearson:Ali quickly adopted the tactics Frazier and his corner had complained about, wrapping his arms around his opponent, neutralizing his punches. But the heat was unlike anything either of them had ever come across, and it all started to take its energy-sapping toll.

49:40Sunny Singh:My style, whenever one boxer holds, I tap, you know? I also use my voice. Break it up, break it up. No holding, no something. There is one time that pressure almost went out of the ring, half of his body, because Ali hold him. I mean, I stopped the fight and hold the neck of Ali. That's not good. I said, don't do that. The reporters told me that I was the first to give Ali a warning because Ali is bigger than life.

50:23Max Pearson:Ali was the master of verbal sparring, especially when it came to Frazier. Often using discriminatory language to goad his rivals, Carlos remembers witnessing this up close.

50:35Sunny Singh:Every time Ali hit pressure, Ali always saying, a one, a two, jack be nimble, jack be quick, and then, okay, come on, come on, you ugly gorilla.

50:51Max Pearson:With just one round left, Ali beckoned Carlos over to his corner.

50:56Sunny Singh:Ali said that if the last round will continue, he will collapse. I think he cannot take it anymore. And in my mind, I said, well, pressure is really, you know, beaten, and his mouth is bleeding inside. So I go to the corner. I said, hey, Joe, are you OK now? Are you OK? How do you feel? And the trainer, Eddie Foots, he said, that's it.

51:32Max Pearson:Ali wins by technical knockout after 14 brutal rounds.

51:38Sunny Singh:So Ali's sitting on the stool and he's very tired. He was almost collapsing on the stool. And then I said, I jump. I have to raise your hand. So he gave me his hand. While he's sitting on the stool. So that's it.

52:01Sunny Singh:Carlos Padilla was talking to Jay Baruzzi about what it was like to be right there in the ring with two great warriors. Finally this week, we're going back to Texas in the 1950s for the story of an invention which has spent a good 60 years in the cupboards of homes and offices. It was a hard-working secretary called Betty Graham who wondered if there was a way she could paint over her typos, mistakes made on a typewriter. It gave her the idea to cook up the first batch of correction fluid. Betty died in 1980, so Vicki Farncombe tells her story using archive recordings from the University of North Texas Special Collections.

52:40Sunny Singh:Texas has probably spawned more people with ideas and the determination to follow up on them than any other state in the Union. And we have a gal with us today who is a personification of this endeavour and is different than most of the heroes that we read about in Texas history, which were men. I give you Betty Graham.

53:08Max Pearson:Thank you so much for asking me here today. I'm just delighted about it. If you wondered where I went a minute ago, I realized that I had... This is the late American entrepreneur Betty Graham, giving a talk at a rotary club in Texas in 1977 about how she created a multi-million dollar business from hiding her mistypes with correction fluid. Betty's story begins in 1924. She's born in Dallas and grows up loving drawing and painting and thinking she'll be an artist like her mum. At 17, she marries soldier Warren Nesmith and the following year she has her son, Michael. But after the Second World War, Betty's dreams start to crumble.

53:57Max Pearson:She and Warren break up and she realises her artistic talent is not enough to support her and Michael. She secures a job as a secretary but can't get to grips with her messy new electric typewriter. My fingers would hang heavy on the sensitive keyboard and the first thing I'd know, I'd have a mistake with a deposit of carbon which I simply couldn't erase. The typos pile up. I was a busy secretary with a heavy schedule and I simply did not have the time to relearn to type on the then new electric typewriter. With her artistic background, Betty knows that painters cover up their mistakes by brushing over them and she wonders if she could do the same.

54:41Max Pearson:I actually did this. I went home and got a bottle and put some white pigment in some solution and added some other ingredients to make it penetrate into the paper and took my little watercolour brush to the office and began to correct my mistakes this way. I certainly was not planning to invent a product for worldwide distribution. Betty's boss never notices her cover-ups and when she shows her magic liquid to her secretary friends, they want some too. But the product isn't quite right, so Betty begins experimenting to disastrous results, as she explains in an interview with North Texas State University.

55:23Max Pearson:I started out by going to the library and looking up the formula for tempera water-based paint, which I felt was an ideal pigment and solution formula. I would call DuPont or some of the other chemical companies and asked them for samples of their product, like the wetting agent I used and some other things. And then I put that formula together in my kitchen just from my own knowledge of what the properties of the product should be. But of course, I'm not a chemist and I made lots of mistakes. In fact, I caught my kitchen on fire at one time. Eventually, Betty hits upon a formula that is fast drying and fireproof.

56:08Max Pearson:Then I began to put this product into little bottles, which I got from a fingernail polish, then began to set up just really a little production line, a little hand production line. Betty's in business and calls her product liquid paper. I think the first really constructive thing that happened for me was that I sent some publicity to Office Supply Magazines who picked it up and carried it as a special item and I began to get inquiries. In fact, I got so many inquiries I was just overwhelmed. I would work all day as a secretary and sometimes work all night answering the mail. From about 1962, I was selling as many as a thousand bottles a week, which was a pretty good step and I had quit my job and my labour was my 15-year-old son and some of his friends who would work after school and I paid them a dollar an hour.

57:08Max Pearson:She moves production from her kitchen to a trailer in the back garden. She also marries her second husband, Robert Graham, who helps her to run the business. We had no sales representatives. We were travelling in a car and kind of going into a city and picking up the phone book and calling office supply people and they would put it in their mailing and most of the secretaries in these little offices make the decisions about office supplies. By 1965 the company has nine employees and an automated production line. We moved to our first plant in 1969. 1972 we opened a plant in Toronto. In about 1973 we opened a plant in Brussels.

57:54Max Pearson:we've just acquired a branch in Australia and we're going to have an operation down there. That single mum has created a global business selling 25 million bottles a year.

58:06Sunny Singh:Liquid paper correction. Liquid paper. Liquid paper. Corrige tu vida.

58:12Max Pearson:If mistakes make you boiling mad try the liquid paper line of correction.

58:17Sunny Singh:Corrector liquid paper. It's so magical. Just one touch, a little touch. Liquid paper gets it done.

58:25Max Pearson:Corrige lo incorregible. But while business is booming, Betty's personal life is floundering. In 1975, she and Robert go through an acrimonious divorce and he tries to push her out of the company. He also tries to change the very formula of liquid paper, removing her right to royalties from it. But Betty manages to respite control and engineers the company's sale to Gillette in 1979 for$47.5 million. I know from experience that if you think your job offers you no opportunity for innovativeness or creativity, that you are wrong. I hope I could encourage you that it is possible presently for you to have growth right where you are.

59:18Max Pearson:Keen to inspire others, Betty, a devout Christian scientist, uses her wealth to set up foundations supporting women in business and the arts. Women are terribly discriminated against. You know, most men are ignorant, they don't really understand. And so women have to just keep on with their determination and be relentless. One man is always in her corner, though, and that's her son, Michael. After being her first employee, he grows up to become one of the four members of 1960s band The Monkees, and later uses his fame to promote his mum's invention.

1:00:03Max Pearson:While I was making music with The Monkees, a very smart secretary was also coming up with another number one hit, Liquid Paper Correction through it. That secretary was my mum.

1:00:16Sunny Singh:Great idea, mum. generation and we've got some to say Well who knew we would go from office correction fluid to the monkeys That was Vicky Farncombe with the story of liquid paper correction fluid I know I still have a little bottle somewhere around here. That's it for this edition of the History Hour. We'll be taking you inside more stories from the past next week so until then, this is Max Pearson from all of us here. Thanks for listening Goodbye. A moment in time

1:00:44Max Pearson:captured by what they heard

1:00:45Sunny Singh:I heard some people make a phone call

1:00:47Max Pearson:OK, which runway would you like at Teterboro? We're going to begin with.

1:00:50Sunny Singh:What they saw. I put my head down. I saw the movie of my life. It started going through my head. What they smelt. I still remember the smell of the French fish.

1:00:58Max Pearson:And I completely lost my appetite. Moments captured which last for a lifetime.

1:01:05Sunny Singh:Scientists have made the atomic bomb.

1:01:08Max Pearson:That sort of flash set on fire the birds, and they all fell down without their feathers on.

1:01:12Sunny Singh:The way was clear for Hitler to realize all his demonic plans.

1:01:19Max Pearson:Stories from people with first-hand accounts of events that have shaped our world.

1:01:25Sunny Singh:At the end, Kissinger called me into his office and he said he did a good job. I left the office with tears in my eyes.

1:01:34Max Pearson:She called me and told me, I'm doing Studio 54. She had already become a star in Paris. She came back a superstar. Listen now. Search for Witness History wherever you get your BBC podcasts.

1:02:12Max Pearson:Lucy Worsley on BBC.com. It all starts with a subscription to BBC.com. Find out more at BBC.com slash unlimited. True crime meets history with a twist in a new series of Lady Killers. Join me as we travel back in time to investigate the most astonishing lady killers of the 19th and 20th centuries. We visit the scene of the crime and we delve deep into their lives to ask, how did they do it? Why did they do it? What drove them to it? Watch Lady Killers with Lucy Worsley on BBC.com. It all starts with a subscription to BBC.com. Find out more at BBC.com slash unlimited.