The Spanish Civil War and the Birkin bag

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26:15Still to come, the story of the failed Turkish coup in 2016. Plus, sit down, stand up and sit down again. We have the story behind the Mexican wave and the invention of the Birkin bag. I drew on the sick bag and I said, well, sort of like this. I decided I wanted it sort of more open than shut. So he said, I'll make you one. And I got a call a few weeks later to say, would I like to come and have a look? But before that, we're in the high Arctic in the northern reaches of Canada. These vast, cold landscapes have been inhabited for centuries by the Inuit peoples. But in the mid-20th century, the Canadian government introduced a programme aimed at integrating the Inuit into the mainstream of Canadian life.

26:57Perhaps unsurprisingly, the Inuit were not entirely happy. Sam Gruwe has the story of the creation of Canada's largest territory and the fight by its indigenous people to reclaim their land and sovereignty. We were young and we had a goal. We had an audacious goal to reclaim what Inuit have lost. It's 1973 and across Canada's Arctic, a new generation of Inuit activists are organising, among them Paul Kwasa. There were a lot of traumas that Inuit had experienced and we had to get over that hump. One way of doing it was to get back our territory, get back in recognising that we have a unique language called Inuktitut.

27:45We have our own culture and we don't want our next generation to lose anything anymore. We've lost enough. Long before those days of political struggle to reclaim sovereignty over native Inuit land, We're going back to 1952, in a remote Arctic settlement where Paul started life. My traditional name is Agulak. I was born in an igloo, not in a hospital, not anywhere, but in an igloo. And I'm one of the last generations to have experienced a nomadic way of life. We relied on the animals that we hunted, seals, narwhals. Those were our main stable foods. With each season, Paul's small community would move across the vast ice plains.

28:36The only contact we had with the outside world was when my father used to go by dog team to a Hutchins Bay company. And that would take about a day or two, maybe a week sometimes, travel just to get supplies. That's how we lived in the olden days before we got introduced to a European way of living. That introduction came in the early 1960s, as Inuit families, like Paul's, were pressured to move to permanent outposts. At the time, Canada's government said it was to provide access to schooling, healthcare and housing. People started getting congregated to one particular location. They started limiting our way of hunting, our way of living.

29:20That totally changed our way of eating, our means of acquiring country food that we've been accustomed to for thousands of years. At the same time, Inuit children began to be forcibly removed from their families and sent to residential schools. There, they were made to abandon their native languages and speak English or French, as heard in this CBC News report. I went to a residential school for eight years, and I was about nine years old. Children that as young as five years old were taken away from their parents. And that changed completely the way of thinking, the way of looking at our culture, the way of our language.

30:14We started losing all these things, and that's when the true culture was being lost. Canada's government would formally apologise in the subsequent years and acknowledge the residential schools policy caused great harm. A$2.8 billion Canadian dollar settlement to native communities was made by the government in 2023. But despite the trauma endured, Paul says the experience gave him an important tool in the fight for Inuit sovereignty. I picked up an English language that my parents didn't. so it gave us courage we can understand them they can understand us we were the very first Enoch that became so fluent in English you know we didn't even think of the fact that or the white people were more superior than us we didn't think that way like our parents did fast forward more than a decade to the late 1980s and Paul Cressat had become one of the key figures in the movement to establish Nanuvut.

31:16The name came from the Inuktitut word meaning our land. But at this point, it was part of the Northwest Territories, a large region in northern Canada controlled by the federal government. In 1989, Paul was appointed chief negotiator, tasked with persuading those in power to hand back control of the territory to the Inuit people, who lived there but had no formal ownership over it. But it wasn't easy. especially when the federal government was always giving us a hard time not to negotiate certain things, but yet we were persistent. We had to be pretty strong. We couldn't take no for an answer because we're talking about Inuit rights that have been ignored and as true Canadians, if we are true Canadians, we're not second-class citizens.

32:08Years of talks with the government in Ottawa had passed with limited success. When we started first negotiating the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement, in there right away we said we also want our own Nunavut territory and our own Nunavut government. But at that time the government of the day was saying there's no way you can get a political deal. You cannot through land claims agreement. But we were persistent. It didn't matter which government was the government of the day. We went through three different parties throughout the negotiations, maybe four different prime ministers. Then in 1990, an event elsewhere in Canada gave the Inuit people an opportunity to realise their goal.

32:54Mohawk versus police with their guns aimed at each other and one Quebec police force officer dead. That's the situation tonight at two native communities in the Montreal area. The ochre crisis started as a dispute over plans to expand a golf course onto land claimed by the native Mohawk community in Quebec, but turned into a tense 78-day standoff with police and culminated in an operation by the Canadian Army. It drew national attention, including this report from the CBC. On one side, heavily armed provincial police, mobbed tear gas and stun grenades. The Mohawks responded with automatic firepower.

33:31And we knew that was happening while we were negotiating our Nunavut land claims agreement. And the federal government was looking terrible in the eyes of the Canadians because the way they were treating Indigenous people at that particular time. We said, look, we can uplift your ratings if you give us this deal. Give us Nunavut territory. Your ratings are going to go up. If you do, this had to be the moment or not. And we had to take that chance. On May 25th, 1993, three years after the Okha crisis, Canada's Prime Minister Brian Mulroney signed the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement. The North wants self-reliance, dignity and prosperity brought about by economic development here in northern Canada.

34:25Stood alongside him was Chief Inuit Negotiator Paul Kwasa. Oh, wow. I never can forget that moment. We were all here in Iqaluit, which was to be the future capital city of Nunavut. The Prime Minister, Ma 'aruni, came in. We had invited Inuit from all over the territory. It was a magic moment for all of us because all the Inuit realised, here it is, we finally got it. we will now be able to take the next step on our own. The 1993 agreement was the tool that made the creation of a Nunavut territory and a Nunavut government become a reality. It was six years later in 1999 that the newly created Nunavut territory would finally get its own government, official language and capital.

35:18I look at it in a sense where I was born to do this. There were a lot of Inuit leaders that are not here now that have done so much work. It is something that our ancestors would be very proud of. I'm never ever going to be ashamed of speaking my own language again. The Inuit politician and activist Paul Kwessa was speaking to Sam Gruet. From the frozen north of Canada, we turn next to the heated political atmosphere that gripped Turkey 10 years ago. In July 2016, there was an attempted military coup aimed at removing President Recep Tayyip Erdogan from power. A single night of violence that left hundreds dead and triggered major political changes across the country.

36:04In Istanbul, in the historic neighborhood of Çengelkoy, on the Asian side of the Bosphorus, Emily Wither has been speaking to the neighborhood Mukta, that's the elected leader in the area, Can Cimecu.

36:19It was a lovely Friday evening. In fact, that evening my wife was here too. We had our tea, I performed evening prayer, and after that I live in the center of Çengelköy. So as we were entering the house, my wife said, there is a big crowd. The thing is, the weather was very hot, and Çengelköy is an area known for its food. We get a lot of people here on weekends, so There was a big crowd and my wife said, Can, come on, let's get ice cream. I parked the car, we're walking, and at that moment, citizens are running toward me. Just then, a friend of mine named Yuksel, I will never forget it, said, Can, something is wrong.

37:07Can Jamoju looked around. Soldiers were passing through the neighbourhood. At first he thought it was normal. After all, there was a military academy nearby. Chengel Kui is just south of one of the main crossings linking Europe and Asia and it was when his neighbours started telling him the bridge was being sealed that he started to worry.

37:30A woman from our neighbourhood, like a sister to me, came up to me and said, Can, please help, they have detained my daughter on the bridge. When she said that I said Allah Allah Something is wrong I started heading toward the police station I went in and looked at the television The minute I saw the tank on top of the bridge I said oh no there is an uprising Because the thing is I'd already lived through the coup in 1980 People my age know what this kind of event is Because simply put the military has no business in a metropolis How were you feeling in that moment? Were you scared? No fear whatsoever.

38:15Let me put it this way. We ran toward the bullets.

38:23Without still really knowing what was going on, Jan called all the men to the village square. And this quiet neighbourhood found itself on one of the front lines of the attempted coup. Cengel Cuy is a socially conservative area that has always voted for the AKP, the party of Turkey's president, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, still in power today. Zian and his neighbours were ready to fight. It wasn't the first time Turkey's armed forces had interfered in politics.

38:59During the 1980 coup, we didn't know what a mobile phone was. We woke up one morning, pulled open the curtains, tanks in the streets. But here, what happened was, we established communication and invited everyone out onto the streets. Then around 9.45 p.m., a captain from Kuleli Military Academy came in front of the police station and said, clear these areas immediately. The army has taken over the administration. I said to him, are you out of your mind? Are you drunk? He got angry. He had a weapon in his hand at the time and he pressed the weapon against my chest. And at that moment, the youth of Cheng Elköy formed a wall behind us like a fortress.

39:46There had also been gunshots in the capital, Ankara, and military jets and helicopters were in the skies. By that time, Turkey's then Prime Minister, Ben Ali Yıldırım, had officially announced an attempted coup was underway, blaming a group within Turkey's military for trying to overthrow the government. The coup plotters took over local media stations and forced one journalist at gunpoint to read a statement on air, saying a new constitution was being prepared, accusing the government of eroding democratic and secular rule of law, and that the country would now be run by a peace council. Twenty minutes later, President Erdogan popped up on CNN Turk.

40:33A reporter held up her phone while the president urged in a video call for people to take to the streets to oppose what was happening. There was fierce fighting on the streets, especially in Cengokoy.

40:49It was now around 11.40pm. The sounds of gunfire started falling very close to us. They were firing bullets at us. Around that time, the exterior light of the police station was on, a floodlight. I said, let's turn off that light so we don't become an open target. When I came back outside, I was hit by a bullet.

41:15You can hear this man shouting, they shot our Mukhtar, as Can lies bloody on the street. As his neighbours pull him to safety, he's saying, Kids, get my food. You forgot my food over there. Imagine, a great pain, great agony. I felt that my food had come off. They tried to keep me alive by giving me oxygen, and then everything went white. And I said, this is death, so this is what death is. As the neighbourhood leader is rushed to hospital, the Turkish parliament is bombed several times, and the fierce fighting continues late into the night. But by around 9am the next day, it becomes clear the coup has not succeeded, and people start to cautiously celebrate.

42:08Less than 12 hours after the attempted coup began, soldiers surrendered, walking from tanks with their hands above their heads. Equipment abandoned in the chaos. Over 300 people were killed, including Jan's nephew, and Jan was among more than 2 ,100 injured that night. Shot in the groin, he did not lose his foot as he first feared, but he still feels a burning sensation. The attempted coup divided and transformed Turkey in ways still felt today. The US-based cleric Fethullah Gulen and his powerful Islamic movement was accused by the government of being the mastermind, a charge he denied until his death.

42:53The Turkish government detained nearly 300 ,000 people over suspected links to Gulen and suspended or sacked more than 150 ,000 civil servants. Hundreds of media outlets were shut and hundreds of opposition lawmakers jailed. Erdogan was accused of using the attempted coup as a pretext to muzzle dissent, an accusation he denied.

43:21On the evening of July 15, 2016, people had come to Çengelköy to have fun. They had come to spend money. But when the situation suddenly changed, everyone said, yes, what should our priority be? It should be how we defend our homeland. What mattered for us was the survival of the state, the flag remaining on the pole. You cannot afford to think politically here. Can Cimecu, one of the local leaders in Istanbul who fought to resist the attempted coup in 2016, he was speaking to Emily Wither. Next, a moment from the past which has left its mark on the world of fashion. This is the story of the Birkin bag, a slightly oversized handbag designed in 1985, which has become the ultimate fashion accessory seen hanging off the arms of celebrities and socialites.

44:13Here's Jane Wilkinson. The Birkin bag? Really? When I'm tooling around town with that bag, I'll know I've made it. But if you want the original, you'll need very deep pockets, as the BBC hinted at in 2025. How would you like to own a piece of fashion history? Well, you're in luck because Sotheby's is expected to begin auctioning off the original version of the iconic Hermes Birkin bag in Paris in just a few minutes. We now come to the star lot of this sale, lot 8, which is the original Birkin created in 1985 for Jane Birkin. At 1 million euro, we start the bidding. 1 million, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4.

44:54For now, let's leave that Paris auction room as the bids begin and explore the legend of the handbag's history. It's the early 1980s and the British actress and model Jane Birkin is living in France. She's become famous for her simple, relaxed style and for not carrying a traditional leather bag. Here she is speaking to the BBC in 2018. I had a rather famous basket before that was so well known that I was recognised from behind. People used to scream at Birkin, just because of my basket. But apparently her partner, the French filmmaker Jacques Douillon, is not such a big fan. Funnily enough, Jacques thought that it was really diminishing for people to notice things that you have and to be known for any gimmick like that.

45:42And so Jacques did a reverse in his car. He squashed my basket. I picked up the things scattered from right or left. I put them all in a plastic bag and my agenda with things falling out of it because I had to go to London. Jane and her plastic bag full of keys, money, makeup and an agenda head to the airport for her flight to the UK. And by the way, if you didn't know, an agenda is just a posh leather-bound notebook. Got into the aeroplane, was upgraded as usual by F-Hoss because they recognised me to a rather chic seat next door to a rather chic van. And all my stuff fell around in an embarrassing way.

46:23And he said, you should have pockets made in that agenda. And I said, well, what can you do? Hermès don't make it with pockets. He said, I am Monsieur Hermès. So I said, oh. Jane's right to be impressed. The chic monsieur is actually Hermès' then-chief executive, Jean-Louis Dumas. What are the chances? He said, if you give it to me, I'll put pockets in it. And I said, well, grand, that's wonderful. I said, why did you make a bag that's bigger than the Kelly, twice as big? To interrupt again, the Kelly bag was named after another actress, Grace Kelly, who became the Princess of Monaco. She famously hid her pregnancy from the paparazzi by covering her bump with an Hermes bag, which later became known as the Kelly.

47:09Back to Jane on the plane with Monsieur Dumas. So there was a sort of sick bag. I drew on the sick bag and I said, well, sort of like this. I decided I wanted it sort of more open than shut so he said I'll make you one and I got a call a few weeks later to say would I like to come and have a look and it was all in cardboard it was lovely in cardboard and he said what leather would you like and everything so I picked black leather of some sort as soft as I could and then he said I'll give it to you so I said well wow and this is what the finished bag looked like a rectangular holdall with a flat top two rolled handles, four studs on the base and a lock closure.

47:50Best of all for Jane, a mother of three young children, it could hold a lot of stuff. Monsieur Dumas was also delighted. They thought it was so splendid and he said, can we call this after you? We'll call it Le Berkine. I was so flattered. I said, of course you can. How wonderful. Didn't think a thing about it. Jane took the bag and reportedly forgot about the encounter. She was concentrating on a singing career. Remember the song, Je t 'aime moi non plus, with Serge Gainsbourg? Je t 'aime, je t 'aime, oui je t 'aime. Well, that's her. Contrary to what you might think, I'm quite cut off. I don't look at magazines.

48:34I'm not into anything very much. And somebody said, do you know that your bag is going for a fortune at Hermès? And it's the most well-known bag. and then when I went to sing in America, someone said, oh, Birkin liked the bag. Has all the bag is nothing to sing. And then, what could you say? Sometimes one has a good idea. But according to industry experts, the Birkin hadn't been an immediate hit. Sales only took off in the late 1990s at the dawn of the luxury It Bag era. And of course, there was that cameo role in the HBO TV drama Sex in the City. Here's Kim Cattrall's character, Samantha, trying to buy one in 2001.

49:16It's 4 ,000. I know. And there's a waiting list. I assumed. Five years. For a bag? It's not a bag. It's a Birkin. Interest soared. Soon the bag was turning up in pop culture, from TV episodes of The Gilmore Girls to the Hollywood film The Proposal. Rappers like Jay-Z, Drake, Cardi B and others even sang about it.

49:48It's become the quintessential accessory that celebrities have bought in their droves. Kim Kardashian as a gym bag, Kate Moss as a nappy bag. And apparently Victoria Beckham is rumoured to own around 100 of them. So that would be costing her around$2 million. Along with success came more exclusive models. Different sizes, colours and materials, including alligator, lizard and ostrich skins. Some studded with diamonds. And while the price tag ranged from a few thousand dollars to more than 200 ,000 for the limited versions, it didn't stop a waiting list from growing. But the bags weren't without controversy.

50:30In 2015, Jane asked for her name to be removed from a crocodile skin model. Here's NBC News. Jane Birkin is demanding this particular bag be renamed amid concerns about how the crocodiles are treated. Hermes responded with a statement. An investigation is underway. Any breach of rules will be rectified and sanctioned. The company ultimately resolved the problem, calling it an isolated irregularity. And the Birkin name stayed. Meanwhile, Jane was making good use of her bag, covering it in slogans and stickers from the causes she supported, as well as adding key rings and charms. It's very, very heavy.

51:10What it's very useful for is handing them over for charities. If you can prove that you've used it, and with me it really looks as if they've been used, I kick them about a bit, and then you can sell them off on internet. I've sold about three or four. And after nine years of use, Jane auctioned the original model to raise money for a French AIDS charity. Bought by a private collector, it came back under the hammer in 2025, two years after Jane's death, which is where our story began, with the sale of the first Birkin bag in Paris. Any guesses what it went for? This is the moment the bidding stopped.

51:47At 7 million euros. Adjugé. The price, which includes taxes, works out at around$10 million. The auction lasted around half an hour, with the final price far in excess of what was predicted. Yes,$10 million for a battered 40-year-old handbag. During her lifetime, Jane seemed reconciled to the fame it had brought. I think I've done rather well out of Hermès in that they gave my name on the bag that I drew true.

52:24Jane Birkin, who died in 2023, leaving a legacy of more than 70 films, several hit songs and a very fashionable handbag. $10 million. And that was Jane Wilkinson looking through the archives for that story. Finally, this week's Sporting Witness. And this time we're looking at the start of a trend that continues to this day and is followed by thousands of fans in stadiums throughout the world. So, get ready to stand up, put your arms in the air, and then sit down again. Rachel Naylor has learned about the origin of the Mexican wave. October 15th, 1981. More than 47 ,000 fans of the Oakland A's say goodbye to an incredible season.

53:05We're in California, in the USA, at the home stadium of the Oakland Athletics baseball team, known as the Oakland A's. It's the American League Championship Series playoffs against the New York Yankees. Fans are under the direction of Crazy George out here, having themselves a good evening and enjoying baseball, enjoying the Coliseum and not hurting anybody. Crazy George Henderson is the Oakland A's cheerleader. I pound my drum, I make funny faces, I threaten people, they roll their eyes. By the end of the game, if there's 25 ,000 people in an arena, I get 25 ,000 people cheering in unison. But as the game progresses, it's not looking good for the Oakland A's.

53:46and Crazy George has used up everything in his cheer arsenal. I already did like back and forth cheers across the ballpark. I had three corner cheers going across the ballpark. I had the whole ballpark clapping in unison. But we needed something different. Now we're behind like a run and I needed a big cheer. But what? Crazy George knows just the thing. Of course he does. He's crazy, George. He's been working on a new cheer at high school rallies and he's been waiting for this moment. I knew in the back of my mind what this cheer does, how it adds energy to the stadium, how it connects the fans.

54:28It makes them part of the game. So when I thought about how critical this game was, I said, I have to try it. But he knows that the key to it succeeding is a good position. When you get in the outfield in baseball, you got the rowdy people. All the rich people sit behind home plate. They're more reserved. If you get out there with the cheap seats, that's where you have fans. So I'm sitting in the stands, I'm in this one section, and I knew it would work because it curved around the stadium so you can see the fans next to you when it's coming. Next, he needs to get the crowd's attention. Remember, he knows the plan, but they don't.

55:05Nobody in the arena or the football stadium knew what they were supposed to do except me. So I took three sections and I told them what I wanted. Probably half of them were rolling their eyes because they didn't know what was going to happen. I didn't even know if it would work in a big place like that because I only have my lung power. I got the first section to stand up in unison and sit down across the first section. Then I told the second section, when that section starts, you start. Then I told the third section, that's as far as my voice would carry. I told those three sections it will probably die because nobody's ever seen it.

55:43And they're not watching me. There's a whole ballpark. They're watching the baseball game. And I said, this is the secret now. I wanted those three sections to boo when it died. Now all Crazy George needs is a break in play. In baseball, there's a lot of, as we call it, dead time. It's not like song and it never stops. This ball stops a lot and then once in a while you get all this action. It's the fifth inning. The Oakland A's are about to bat. The groundwork's laid. There's a pause in play. It could have been a foul ball or an argument with an umpire's call. It doesn't matter. Crazy George doesn't remember.

56:20He and his three sections know what to do. Crazy George grabs his drum. I point to one section. I say, now start. And they go. The fans in the first section jump to their feet, their arms in the air. When they sit down, the next section takes to their feet and does the same. And they go, pound my foot, sweep by me where I was. The wave travels to the fourth and fifth section. It's going, it's going, it's going. And then, as predicted, it's dying. tapers off. Start booing. Louder boo. That was pathetic. I wanted to be more rowdy, more booing. We've got to get this going. so I pound the drum again and I go...

57:05The second wave travels further, but not quite round the whole stadium as Crazy George hoped. Now the biggest boo you ever heard came out of this whole one side. That got the attention of everybody and everybody sort of saw what I wanted. Third time lucky? It started on my side. It went down behind the home plate, but not just the bottom section. There's three tiers. All three tiers were doing it. It sweeps behind home plate. It goes down the first base side. Then it comes around to the outfield. It's like a locomotive. People were screaming as they were standing up and sitting down. It came to our section.

57:44It was great. Crescendo rising here. That's amazing. I've never seen anything like this. And it hit my section. I forgot to tell my section that I wanted to keep it going. And they all just stood up in unison and applauded. Oh, my God. And it stopped. So now I'm screaming, I'm yelling, I'm threatening them. I'm saying, what are you doing? I want to keep it going. And so I started a fourth time. All this is happening while nothing's going on in the field. And they kept it going. It went right on by us. And it kept going and going about seven times around the ballpark Until it got back to us and it was some excitement on the field and it killed the wave.

58:34But who cares what was going on in the baseball game? All right, if you do, Oakland lost. But Crazy George has won. He's invented a new way to cheer. And it's called the wave. I did it three separate times during the game. It was just an amazing thing to see. Now the next question is just how inhibiting this will be, whatever it is. Two weeks later, Seattle started it. University of Washington at their football games. All these other colleges saw what they were doing and it spread to all the universities around the country. I didn't know it was spreading at the time, but about a year later, I'm not even thinking about it.

59:17I see a broadcast of some football game and somebody said, you know, it started in Washington. I said, no, what is that? Washington? Are you kidding? Crazy George wasn't having that. Why should they take the credit? Fortunately for him, his game in Oakland was televised. I have it on video and I have 47 ,000 witnesses say they saw that wave on October 15th, 1981.

59:47After about three years, the United States was doing the wave everywhere in high schools. I mean, at football games, basketball games, soccer games. Including, thanks to Crazy George, at the football matches in the 1984 Olympics in LA. All the Mexican fans came up from Mexico to watch the Olympics. They saw it. They took it back to Mexico. And it started spreading in all their venues of soccer. I didn't know they were doing it, but they're doing the wave everywhere. And it was there, in Mexico, at the Football World Cup in 1986, that the wave went global. At every venue, they did the wave. And it was televised around the world.

1:00:29And so every boring country in the world outside of Mexico, whoa, what's this thing? And now everybody in the world started doing the wave. And what do they call it? The Mexican wave. I was going to say, do you mind that we call it the Mexican wave? I can't fight the whole world about that. But I'd prefer they call it the crazy wave. But they never win. He's probably right. But that doesn't stop him enjoying seeing and leading them. I'm going to do San Jose State by school until I'm 99. I figure I'll retire after that. And I'm only 82. Last five, I slowed up a little. But heck, I can still get a whole stadium going.

1:01:09I have fun doing it. I have more fun than anybody else. In 10 years, 50 years, 1 ,000 years, there's still going to be people that will do the way. Crazy George Henderson was speaking to Rachel Naylor. and we also heard commentary from the Oakland A's Bill King and Lon Simmons. I suspect, like many people, I had always assumed that the Mexican wave started in Mexico. But there you go. We learn a lot here on the History Hour. We'll be back with more next week. So until then, this is Max Pearson from all of us here. Thanks for listening. Goodbye. Sporting Witness takes you to the events that have shaped the sports world through the eyes of the people who were there.

1:01:47We weren't going to ask mission. We're just going to do it. It was such an amazing feeling. It was incredible. He started to write a story about how he came up with the idea for the red and yellow cars. I got to go. We cried a bit. We laughed a bit. It was wonderful. There's a magic during those moments that carries your soul. We were truly blessed to be a part of history. Supporting Witness. Subscribe wherever you get your BBC podcasts.

1:02:14Chicago talks a lot. Hold on, let me step over here. People are talking too much. We debate about food, deep dish, tavern style, who's got the best beef. We yell across rooms, across blocks, across generations. Yes, nice earrings, Grammy. And now we're doing it on our phones, too. Video calls from the L train, group chats that never shut up. Neighbors texting you the score before your TV catches up. Come on! Get a load of this guy. Catch up on a dog. Yeah, we've got thoughts. Too loud? In Chicago, you're gonna hear it. Because nothing here gets built without conversation. Nothing moves without connection.

1:02:52So if you think you know AT &T, it might be time to rethink that because their network has improved, like, a lot. So Chicago can keep speaking its mind with AT &T Wireless and AT &T Fiber. Chicago won't stop talking. Our improved network backs it up. AT &T, connecting changes everything. AT &T Fiber, limited availability in select areas. How did a boycott Jimmy become a billionaire from posting videos? On Good, Bad, Billionaire. We're going to find out how the world's most popular YouTuber, Mr Beast, made his fortune. He's buried himself in a coffin for days. Counted to 100 ,000 on camera. And even recreated Squid Games, all in an attempt to go viral on the internet.

1:03:32But it all started when he gave a homeless man$10 ,000. So is he a philanthropist reshaping capitalism? Or is he just the king of the attention economy? Find out on Good Bad Billionaire. Listen on BBC.com or wherever you get your podcasts.