862: Targeted Ads | Skeptical Sunday

22:27Hire right the first time. Post your job for free at linkedin.com slash harbinger. Then promote it to use LinkedIn Jobs' new AI assistant, making it easier and faster to find top candidates. That's linkedin.com slash harbinger to post your job for free. Terms and conditions apply. Okay, so not just what we like, but something we like when we are more likely to buy it. I think that's what kind of scares me. Maybe it detects my mood is a bit low because I'm wearing an Oura Ring wearable and my scale that's a wifi connected says I'm three pounds heavier this month and that I slept poorly. So now they're trying to sell me coffee, Xanax and Spanx, which sounds like a hell of a combination.

23:10I mean, again, I'm possibly on the market for at least one or two of those things. What is Spanx? Spanx? Those are, oh man, you don't have those over there. So Spanx are, I think they're only for women. They probably have a men's version. I don't know, but they're for women. They're like tights, but they allow you to change the shape of your body under the clothes that you're wearing. So they'll take things that maybe you don't like being so big and they'll shove them somewhere else where you don't mind them being bigger. And I don't exactly know how they work, but I think it'll take like the skin on the back of your hamstrings and quads and like shove it up towards your butt.

23:44So you got a big old round booty, but your legs look nice and thin and it just changes the shape of your body. So women, this is a multi-billion dollar company that makes these body shaping tights, for lack of a better word. I've seen that a bit in the gym. It looks a bit unnatural. and I did wonder like, is that just what some people look like? And I suppose it's just things are being moved around to look like that. Things are being shuffled in a way that probably isn't super comfortable, but is better than maybe feeling like you look like Groot or whatever from whatever that movie is. I don't know what you're talking about.

24:14Invisible Me. Yeah. I don't know. Look. Nah. Looking like a, let's say, you don't want to look like a Pixar character. No. Okay? Which a lot of us do. You know, I'm including myself in this. I'm not trying to body shame anyone. And so it's like, hey, if I can put something on that makes this look bigger and this other thing looks smaller, I want 10. I want some of those as well. Especially if it's that kind of day, you know, you're having a day. Yeah. I know that now everybody listening to this is going to be getting loads of ads for Spanx. Yeah. SPANX. They should pay us. Hey, look, I'll take that too.

24:46I'll turn it right around and give it to them depending on how I look that morning in the mirror. Look, if people want to look like that, then they want to look like that. And then it's good that they're getting ads for Spanx. So look, this is the thing that's underlying this entire a discussion about the perils of personalized ads, and we're shying away from it a little bit, we're focusing mostly on the invasion of privacy. And that makes sense, because that's where the concern lies, and humans are concerned creatures. But in terms of convenience, there are many positives that can come from improvements to the current systems.

25:12For example, I make a lot of videos for my YouTube channel about the alleged abuses of Scientology and Tom Cruise. So what ads tend to pop up during my videos, what ads for Scientology and Tom Cruise, it's the last thing my subscribers want to see. Sometimes they take it up with me and they say, why am I getting ads to join Scientology? I hate Scientology. That's why I like your channel. And I have to explain that I've got nothing to do with it. Now, a less crude system, as it advances, would be able to differentiate better between a user who hates and a user who loves a certain cult or celebrity or product.

25:44And it is getting there. The internet is fast becoming a mall, very specifically tailored to your tastes, even tastes, as you were saying before, that you may not have realized you have, or a state of being you didn't realize you were, like being pregnant, for example. Now, Netflix is a great example of the benefits of this personalization algorithm, which uses user data such as viewing history, ratings, and preferences to recommend content tailored to each individual. This has proven to be highly effective in keeping users engaged and increasing the likelihood that they'll find content they enjoy.

26:16But all of this could lead to a further erosion of privacy and potentially enable new forms of manipulation and exploitation. Another concern is the potential for a privacy divide. As more privacy-conscious users adopt tools to protect their data, advertisers may shift their focus to those who are less informed or less able to protect themselves. Think of how spam mail scams are often deliberately misspelled and badly written to weed out the people too aware to fool for the trick. So I've heard that they're like, oh, all those errors are so that they screen in stupid people. And I'm like, is that true?

26:50or are they just dumb ass people who also are, you know, scamming for a living and they just don't, they don't know. There's no way of actually knowing that. I've definitely heard people who've said they actually did that as a job and they did purposely misspell it. I know what you're saying. It feels like they were caught out and made fun of for spelling things so badly. And now they're sort of owning it. Like, oh, we were doing that on purpose. Just to weed people out. Yeah, totally. We're playing 4D chess. That's the thing. That's the thing you don't understand. Yeah, well, apparently, look, this could happen with advertisers.

27:19you know, so personalized ads, I should say, it could result in unequal distribution of privacy protections with the most vulnerable users bearing the brunt of invasive advertising practices. Got it. Okay. And by the way, I was thinking of the character Gru from Despicable Me. I think I said Groot from Despicable or Invisible Me. I don't know, whatever. It's Gru. He's basically like really big on top and really skinny on the bottom. So he looks like every 40 year old plus man in skinny jeans does. All right. So that is scary. You'd have half the population constantly constantly consuming kooky, crazy stuff, spending a ton of their money, getting scammed, getting defrauded, junk mail, and the rest of us are sort of left alone-ish, better to keep a hold of our money.

27:59And I can see that divide taking place. I mean, I think it kind of already does. But you know, that's why we do these episodes, right? Hopefully a lot of people are going to be a little more privacy aware at the end of it. And I think one of the things we're all pretty suspicious of and have long wanted to know for sure about is whether voice activated devices, like Amazon, Alexa, Apple, Siri, Google Assistant, are those things listening to us and stealing our data? Supposedly they're in our phone, they're in our house, some of our TVs have it. I mean, that stuff is, that's a little invasive. That's a little creepy.

28:31Yeah, it's a really interesting question. And I've also long wondered that because it definitely feels like they're listening. The first thing to say is that they are listening because they're designed to pay attention to wake up words. They employ something called passive listening, which means they're not actively recording, but simply listening to see if you'll wake them up. Ah, okay. But does literally anyone listening to this right now trust that at all? You shouldn't. We're really starting to inhabit an Orwellian world of tech, an invasion of privacy. I just don't buy that it's, oh, until it gets the wake up word, it's not listening.

29:05Like, okay, but is it not sending anonymized data to a server that then crunches it? That just seems like it has to be doing that. I don't know. Yeah. I think sometimes like more conspiratorial minds, we think of an evil person at the top of a company who's like doing all these like bad, naughty things to get all of our data. And that does happen. But sometimes it's just a case of like the technology has just gotten out of their control. They've created something they can't control anymore. There are too many people involved, too many potential problems that can happen. And then privacy just leaks out that way.

29:37The Guardian reported of a former Amazon employee who actually had to record a lot of commands for the Echo, like he did the voice for it and stuff. One day he came home and found his own Echo spitting out loads of mad old information that he had asked it over the months about recording TV shows and things he'd been looking up. And it wouldn't stop. He had to just throw it away. But he said, I felt a bit foolish having worked at Amazon and having seen how they used people's data. I knew I couldn't trust them. Oh, man. Yeah. The guy who like worked on that team is like, I'm throwing this in the trash.

30:09Yeah. That's creepy. Yeah. He comes home, finds it like shouting things that he's asked that like should or shouldn't have been recorded. And it's still there on the thing, on the machine. And then another time, an Amazon customer in Germany was mistakenly sent 1 ,700 audio files from another customer's Echo, including enough detail to locate and identify him and his girlfriend. Then there's a woman in Portland, Oregon, who discovered her Echo had sent recordings of private conversations to one of her husband's employees. Amazon responded that it must have mistakenly thought that it heard the wake word, misheard a request to send a message, misheard a name in its contacts list, and then misheard a confirmation to send the message, all during a conversation that she was having about hardwood floors.

30:57Oh my God, that's a lot of coincidences at once. although I suppose that if millions of people have these devices, then even if the odds are one in a million, it happens all the time. And this reminds me, I had the Amazon Echo for a while, the one with the screen, I can't remember which one is which, but it found my old law school classmate who lives in the Philippines and it would just say like, Paolo's office. And I'm like, oh, and I would tap it, once I tapped it, because I was like, how do I get rid of this? And what it showed me somehow was a live feed of his office. Shut up. I sent him a message.

31:32I was like, hey, long time no see. You got to fix this because I can look at a live feed of your office at any time. And he's like, oh, that shouldn't happen because he actually worked for the government. And he's like, that's definitely not supposed to happen. And I'm thinking this is really bad. If you're a highly placed guy in a government and you've got this thing, I can just tap on it and see you while I'm in my house and you don't even know this thing is necessarily on, that's really, really bad. I mean, this is, but what really scared me was, I'm like, this thing is in my kitchen, which is attached to my living room.

32:08I'm walking around here at night. I'm walking around here in various states of undress. My wife, the same. We got babies. You know, my parents are here, whatever. Who's looking at me in my house with this? If not him, who is it? So that scared the crap out of me. And we got rid of that crap like immediately after that, but probably not soon enough because how long were some random show fan who found me on that thing watching me in my kitchen before that happened. I don't know. Well, I've stopped watching since, Jordan. Well, since you threw it away, actually. I've got nothing to watch anymore.

32:36Right, no. Now you have to settle for Netflix. That's all I can watch now. No, I know. Look, and those kind of bugs, like there could be somebody at the top somewhere who's this like elite crazy person who wants to find out all your secrets. And it could be like, you know, there are just bugs in the system. And for some reason, you end up seeing your friend's office, which is insane. So I think we need to err to an extent on the side of the non-conspiratorialist while also raising these issues as food for thought. There was the Google Nest device that people realized had a microphone in it, and that wasn't mentioned anywhere.

33:09And then Google were like, oh, right, that. Well, that's not a secret, as if it's just like an afterthought or something, a hidden microphone in your device that wasn't advertised and nobody knew about. Wait, so it's like not on the box. It doesn't say it has a microphone. on the plans don't have a mic, but it's like, oh yeah, we added that later. But it's not a secret. We just didn't tell anyone. Exactly. That's weird. So bizarre. So that's when you start thinking, okay, well, I don't want to be a conspiracy theorist here. You know, I really don't. But like, what, how does that get put in? How are these like hundreds of people at Google or wherever they're designing this?

33:43Like, who is the person that's going like, just put a microphone in? Are you going to put that in the plans? We just, people won't mind. We don't have to reprint the plans. Yeah. We just have to redesign the entire device and manufacture them differently. But we're not going to reprint the instructions online. No. The guy who does the printing has already left the office for the day. Let's not bother him. Yeah. It's really hard to redo the plans. Let's just redo the entire circuit board, find a supplier for these, manufacture a bunch of them, sell them. But we don't want to have to bother with that pesky PDF editing.

34:13Just really weird. Very. What was the microphone for? So ultimately, we don't know. And as you say, even if something seems incredibly unlikely, the sheer number of people who own these devices mean that it might still happen, even when it's not meant to happen. You know, bugs happen and weird coincidences when they think they've heard the wake word and they wake up and record you these devices. And here's the thing, like, even with these seeds of doubt in our mind, we've created a society where it's just too damn convenient to have these devices. And as I was alluding to at the start, we'd become more and more used to the idea of privacy beforehand.

34:48We would, you know, compared to the sort of Victorian times, we had real privacy. And now I sit at my laptop researching this very topic. And as I do so, I sometimes read bits and think about what I'm going to say out loud. I'm totally alone in my apartment. And yet I can feel that a small part of me has sort of given up on the concept of anything I do or say being entirely private. So when I'm sort of saying things out loud in my head, I think something probably is recording me, I better be a bit careful just in case. I don't know what. So in the words of Gizmodo writer Matt Novak, he said, we live in a techno dystopia of our own making.

35:23If you still have an Alexa or any other voice assistant in your home, you are warned. Now that probably feels even truer, at least on a psychological level, for people like you and me, Jordan, because we sit in rooms with big cameras, microphones, speakers, headphones, smartphones, all sorts of devices. I don't even know which device or whether all of them are listening to me. And to be honest, it probably is no different for most people listening to this as well. Anyone listening has either a smartphone or a laptop or computer, and they live and work in areas where these devices might be recording them.

35:58And I worry not only about that invasion of privacy from a demographic and marketing perspective, but what if my data fell into the wrong hands? just think about what multinationals state surveillance operatives and hackers could do with your information i mean say alexa wakes up accidentally and records a politician having an affair or whatever because he got one of those from his kids for christmas and he just plopped it in his office so they could ask it the weather or something yeah it's funny you use like an affair as an example because it's not just alexa who is recording you there's been all sorts of cases of wait for it sex toys recording their owners okay so the loveance remote sex toy that allows long distance couples to be able to play with one another was recording audio um it was found to have been so there's all these audio recordings and oh my god yeah the we vibe company were sued for allegedly collecting information this way they had like a ton of collections of audios of like people using these toys.

37:00People were also able to take control of their butt plug, which is absolutely insane. But like, imagine that, like you're taking control of it from afar because people can hack into it really easily, which of course raises questions of consent and the concept of rape by app or rape by sex toy. These are things we're going to have to write into law and things we're going to have to think about as time goes on. It's not just sex toys. Elon Musk's electric car company, Tesla, have been in the news for recording footage with videos that are used for the self-driving functions of the camera, recording with the cameras that are supposed to be looking out for where the car is going and everything.

37:38So staff were even sharing the funniest videos of customers with one another, and often there was enough to identify the people, the location, and everything going on in and around that car. Yeah, that's scary because what if you find someone famous driving in their car and you get them picking their nose or whatever, or, you know, I don't know, having a call with their doctor. I mean, geez. And if you're not safe from intrusion during sex or in your car, have we lost the battle and the will? I mean, you know, it's bad when your butt plug is spying on you. Okay. You can't even get privacy in your own rectum.

38:13It's nothing sacred. Quite possibly. Many of us have given up, but a study conducted by researchers at the the University of Pennsylvania found that the more personalized an ad is, the more likely it is to be perceived as invasive. Participants in the study were shown ads that varied in personalization, and they consistently rated the highly personalized ads as more intrusive and less enjoyable. Another study conducted by researchers at Northeastern University examined the potential for personalized ads to discriminate against certain demographics. For example, their ads for lumberjacks were mostly shown to men.

38:48for jobs as lumberjacks, I should say. And their ads looking for supermarket cashiers was mostly for women. The algorithm doesn't really care for political correctness or ideas around equality of opportunity. The algorithm just finds the best ways to make their ads work, but it raises concerns about the potential for personalized ads to perpetuate or exacerbate existing inequalities. Yeah, it sounds like the algorithm forgot to be woke. So given these complexities, what role do different stakeholders? So tech companies, advertisers, regulators, and users, us as users, what role do we have to play in ensuring that personalized ads are ethical, they're privacy respecting?

39:27I mean, is it even possible to do it that way? Yeah, well, tech companies play a crucial role as they develop and maintain the platforms and tools that enable personalized advertising. They should prioritize privacy in the design of their products and services, so not like hiding a microphone in there without telling anybody. They can't continue to lose trust as with the sex toys and Alexa and all of these recording devices. We can't be living in a world where a company like Tesla are sharing clips of you in your most private moments between staff for a laugh because they were actually getting like promotions and things apparently based on who was sharing the funniest clips and things like that.

40:04It was insane. Yeah. So, you know, the tech companies need to improve confidence and provide users with clear information about the level of control they have and how exactly their data is collected and used. Let's face it, none of us want to read these great long contracts and agreements that Apple and the like keep throwing our way, you know? Well, even if we read the contract from Apple, what's the contract from Apple's supplier for that software that's on there or the mic that's in there? I mean, we don't even get access to those. Apple agrees to those for us and then passes whatever on. I mean, it's just not, we're never going to be fully informed.

40:40And imagine if you had to agree to 19 different contracts to use your phone or to use an app that you get. I mean, you just never do it. It's like those when you install software and it's like, make sure you respect the end user licensing agreement. You're like, whatever. Next, next, next, next, next. Oh, I have to scroll to the bottom. Drag the slider to the bottom. Next. Like, I just, this is stupid. I'm not reading this. And look, I agree. If you can't trust your Wi-Fi enabled vibrator, who can you trust? Am I right, ladies? And guys with vaginas. I got to include that. Got to be woke. unlike the algorithm.

41:12Yeah, exactly, Jordan. Yeah, well, exactly right. If you can't trust them and they need our trust, you know, they want to sell more stuff. At the end of the day, a company is a company is not doing things to be nice or to because they care. They're doing things because they want to sell more stuff. And if they have more trust from customers, then they sell more stuff. I mean, advertisers too, they've got a responsibility to act ethically in their use of personal data. That includes being transparent about their data collection practices. So you can't have like this quiz on Facebook, you know, the Cambridge Analytica scandal.

41:40They need to respect user consent and ensure that their ads do not discriminate against or exploit vulnerable groups. Regulators as well, I'm talking about governments here, need to be creating laws and guidelines that protect user privacy and prevent the abuse of personal data. The tough part is staying up to date with the latest technological advancements. I mean, that's the thing. It's going to be really, really hard. The technology sort of goes faster and then the policy always comes later. And then a lot of people get hurt in the middle. Now, finally, the users themselves have a role to play in protecting their own privacy and advocating for stronger protections.

42:14If we don't care and we continue not to care, things could get to a point when we are too far along. Maybe we already are. But this involves being informed about the risks associated with personalized ads, using privacy tools, and making their voices heard through political and consumer actions. I guess what people are really going to be thinking is, and myself included, okay, fine, but what can I really do about this or to help with this? I mean, how much influence does public opinion and consumer power have in shaping the practices of tech companies and advertisers when it comes to personalized ads?

42:49I mean, we're not really the customer when it's Facebook, right? We're the product. So what do I do? I'm going to stop using this. I mean, I guess if tens of millions of us do, okay, but I don't really know. It seems like we don't have a whole lot of leverage. Yeah, I'm quite a negative person, and I tend to agree with you. But, you know, I think I have to believe that we can have a real impact on the behavior of tech companies and advertisers. As we've seen with recent privacy scandals and controversies, public backlash can force companies to reevaluate their practices and make changes to better protect user privacy.

43:22For example, following the Cambridge Analytica scandal, Facebook actually pledged to making several changes to its platform, such as limiting third-party access to user data and providing more transparency and control over how personal information is used for advertising. However, some have criticized them for not actually enforcing all of those changes. Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg wrote a 3 ,000-word article about the purported changes, which was described by Guardian writer Emily Bell, and I love this, as the nightmarish college application essay of an accomplished sociopath. Wow. Tell us what you really think.

44:00Exactly. Similarly, Apple has introduced new privacy features in its operating systems that limit ad tracking and require apps to obtain user consent before collecting certain types of data. Consumers also have the power to vote with their wallets and choose products and services that prioritize privacy. The growing popularity of privacy tools, I mentioned DuckDuckGo, for example, as a search engine. There's also Signal and several other chat apps that encrypt their data, as well as the increasing adoption of ad blockers demonstrate that many users are willing to take action to protect their privacy.

44:35If we give a damn about our privacy, it just seems like we got to do it ourselves. Because companies, they don't care about morality. they don't care about philosophy, and why should they if we don't? They care about what we care about because they're trying to reflect your interests in a way. So as we look into the future, how can we prepare for the potential challenges and opportunities that come with increasingly advanced, personalized advertising technology, such as the ones you mentioned involving AI-driven algorithms and virtual or augmented reality? It seems like we gotta wear our own suit of armor and not expect a cushy landing from big tech.

45:11Yeah, yeah. Well, it's always tough to speculate about the future because you spend time imagining this and that, and then something comes out of left field that was totally unexpected. But in general, we need to engage in ongoing discussions and debates about the ethical implications of personalized advertising and the limits we should place on data collection and use. All right, as we wrap up our conversation here, do you have any advice for listeners who want to take control of their online privacy and navigate what looks to be a complex world of personalized advertising. You sort of mentioned some apps and things like that.

45:44If we can do a little roundup there, that would probably help. Yeah, absolutely. Well, first and foremost, educate yourself about the risks associated with personalized ads and the ways in which your data is collected and used. That includes listening to this episode, sharing it with people, but also looking up stuff for yourself. There's so much out there about this. Knowledge is power, as you were saying before, and being informed will help you make better decisions about protecting your privacy. Second, take proactive steps to guard your privacy by using privacy enhancing tools and adjusting your privacy settings on various platforms.

46:14This might include installing ad blockers, using a VPN and choosing privacy focused search engines and messaging apps. Finally, don't be afraid to advocate for stronger privacy protections, both as a consumer and as a citizen. Even just talking to your local politician or whatever, just saying this is something that bothers me. By voicing your concerns and supporting companies and policies that prioritize privacy, you can help shape a future where the benefits of personalized ads don't come at the expense of our personal information and freedom. And finally, what are your thoughts on personalized ads, Jordan?

46:47I just ask because I know that ads are always seen as the bad guys, but you and I live from them. You read some out on the podcast. They're not personalized ads as such, although I imagine sponsors will be aware of general demographics. Are people getting personalized ads in this podcast, for example? So people won't get personalized ads, but they will get geo-targeted ads sometimes, depending on the age of the episode. Older stuff that has dynamic ad insertion and like stuff maybe that I don't voice, people will say, wow, I got an advertisement for Vancouver something hospital and I'm there right now.

47:20And a lot of times people are amazed, but other times people will actually get mad at me for an ad that they hear and they don't realize that it's some ad for electric vehicles in the episode about cobalt. And I recorded that ad with my voice. So it did sound like it was part of the podcast, but it's just inserted by a computer and it goes across tons of thousands of shows per day, right? It goes across the entire podcast, one network, it just happens to be my voice. So people will go, man, this is bad taste, bad form. You know, how dare you? It's just a coincidence that that episode that they downloaded right then happened to have the EV ad for Nissan in it opposite a guy saying how bad EV trends are for cobalt mining, which kids are dying and doing.

48:01So it's not me deliberately acting in poor taste, but they just, people just don't understand at all how this tech works. And so a coincidence like that can look really bad, but thanks, man. I really appreciate it. This wraps up this episode on personalized ads and who knows, maybe after listening to it, you're going to start seeing more personalized ads about personalized ads. So, all right, to our listeners, don't forget to tune in next week for another thought provoking episode of Skeptical Sunday on the Jordan Harbinger show. Until then, stay curious and keep questioning. And hey, if you have a suggestion for a topic here on the show, go ahead and email me, jordan at jordanharbinger.com.

48:36I'd love to hear your thoughts. I'd love to hear your suggestions. We get a lot of suggestions for this show, for Skeptical Sunday, especially from show fans. A link to the show notes for the episode can be found at jordanharbinger.com. Transcripts are in the show notes. I'm at jordanharbinger on both Twitter and Instagram, and you can also connect with me on LinkedIn. And you can find Andrew Gold on his podcast, On the Edge with Andrew Gold Explosions, anywhere you get your podcasts. Once again, a reminder that the Stitcher app will no longer work for any podcasts as of August 29th, 2023. So if you're using the Stitcher app, time to switch.

49:10If you're on Android, Podcast Addict is a good one, CastBox. And if you're on iOS, I suggest Overcast or Apple Podcasts. The Stitcher app is going away, folks. This show is created in association with Podcast One. My team is Jen Harbinger, Jace Sanderson, Robert Fogerty, Ian Baird, Millie Ocampo, and Gabriel Mizrahi. And for this one, of course, Andrew Gold. Our advice and opinions are our own. And I'm a lawyer, but I'm not your lawyer. Do your own research before implementing anything you hear on the show. Remember, we rise by lifting others. Share the show with those you love. And if you found the episode useful, please share it with somebody else who needs to hear it.

49:44In the meantime, do your best to apply what you hear on this show so you can live what you listen. And we'll see you next time. You're about to hear a preview of the Jordan Harbinger Show with a top sleep expert about why we dream, what happens when we sleep, and why chronic lack of sleep and driving while tired is more dangerous than driving under the influence of alcohol. Sleep is not an optional lifestyle luxury. Sleep is a non-negotiable biological necessity. Sleep is a life support system. It is Mother Nature's best effort yet at immortality. And the decimation of sleep throughout industrialized nations is now having a catastrophic impact on our health, our wellness, as well as the safety and the education of our children.

50:29It is a silent sleep loss epidemic. And I would contend that it is fast becoming the greatest public health challenge that we now face in the 21st century. The evidence is very clear that when we delay school start times, academic grades increase, behavioral problems decrease truancy rates decrease psychological and psychiatric issues decrease but what we also found which we didn't expect in those studies is the life expectancy of students increased so if our goal as educators truly is to educate and not risk lives in the process then we are failing our children in the most spectacular manner with this incessant model of early school start times.

51:08And by the way, 7.30 a.m. for a teenager is the equivalent for an adult waking up at 4.30 or 3.30 in the morning. If you're trying to survive or regularly getting five hours of sleep or less, you have a 65 % risk of dying at any moment in time. When you wake up the next day, you have a revised mind-wide web of associations, a new associative network, a rebooted iOS that is capable of defining remarkable insights into previously impenetrable problems. And it is the reason that you have never been told to stay awake on a problem. Instead, you're told to sleep on a problem. For more on sleep, including why we dream and how we can increase the quality of our sleep, check out episode 126 with Dr.

52:00Matthew Walker on the Jordan Harbinger Show.