When the Penis Changes: The Basics of Peyronie’s Disease

23 Jun 2026 · 53 min · 25 chapters

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In short

Peyronie’s disease basics—what it is, how it presents, why it happens (genetic predisposition + abnormal wound healing/collagen), misconceptions/shame, mental health impact, and an overview of treatment options (pills, pokes, procedures) including FDA-approved collagenase (Xiaflex) and non-surgical approaches like traction.

Guests

The episode is framed as a conversation in “the mailroom” between Jordan (host) and Dr. Mills (urologist/researcher at UCLA). No other named guests appear in this transcript excerpt.

Guest backgrounds

Dr. Mills is a Peyronie’s disease specialist and researcher; he says he was a principal investigator on the Xiaflex trial that led to FDA approval (2013) and trains urologic surgeons in administering it. Jordan is described as a long-time Peyronie’s disease “rock star” researcher (Jimmy Page of Peyronie’s).

Key claims

Peyronie’s is acquired penile shape change (painful lump/plaque, curvature, length loss, erectile blood-flow issues) not an STI; many cases have no clear inciting injury; “acute vs chronic” labeling may hinder care; it can happen at any age; shame is misplaced; mental health issues are more common, including suicidality in rare cases.

Notable examples

13th-century/Italian anatomist Fallopius description; 18th-century French physician François Gigot de la Peyronie case report; “spackle of the penis” analogy for disorganized type 1/type 3 collagen; “finger over a garden hose” for blood-flow restriction; traction as a lever/counter-traction concept.

Written by AI. May contain mistakes. Listen to the episode to check what was said.

Chapters

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Introduction to Peyronie's Disease

1:46 to 2:21

Hosts discuss Peyronie's disease and its significance in men's health.

“Same-day delivery for most internet-eligible customers.”

Introduction to Peyronie's Disease

2:51 to 3:56

Hosts discuss Peyronie's disease and its significance in men's health.

“We are living like civilized gentlemen, Jordan Runtah.”

Historical Background of Peyronie's Disease

3:56 to 6:10

Exploring the history and naming of Peyronie's disease through notable figures.

“I am really excited to do this episode because you are truly a rock star in the Peyronie's disease world.”

Understanding Peyronie's Disease Symptoms

6:10 to 10:01

Discussing the symptoms and physical manifestations of Peyronie's disease.

“that he was dissecting the pelvis on for other reasons.”

The Genetic and Surgical Links to Peyronie's

10:01 to 14:00

Examining genetic predispositions and surgical influences on Peyronie's disease.

“we do know that there is a genetic basis for this and that there are guys that are a little more susceptible to forming these plaques, which we call them.”

Understanding Peyronie's Disease

14:00 to 18:18

Learn about the causes and associations of Peyronie’s disease and its psychological impact on men.

“or surgery on their prostate, those guys tend to have a higher risk of developing pronies.”

Understanding Peyronie's Disease

18:19 to 18:42

Learn about the causes and associations of Peyronie’s disease and its psychological impact on men.

“Do you find yourself spending too much time on healthcare visits?”

Understanding Peyronie's Disease

20:31 to 21:16

Learn about the causes and associations of Peyronie’s disease and its psychological impact on men.

“Same day delivery for most internet eligible customers.”

The Phases of Peyronie's Disease

21:34 to 28:00

Discover the acute and chronic phases of Peyronie's disease, including symptoms and misconceptions.

“Now, this is a really beginner question, but...”

Understanding Peyronie's Disease

28:00 to 29:11

Learn about the progression and treatment options for Peyronie's disease.

“to the point where they haven't had much change in agulation for at least a few months.”
Show all 25 chapters

Non-Surgical Treatment Options

29:11 to 30:56

Explore non-surgical treatments including medications for Peyronie's disease.

“yeah so we're going to have episodes dedicated to this jordan but the way i look at peyronies in general from a treatment standpoint is pills, pokes, and procedures.”

Medications for Peyronie's Disease

30:56 to 34:18

Discover the various medications and their roles in treating Peyronie's disease.

“And the reason I mention that condition is that we know that these are not just boner pills.”

Penile Traction Therapy

34:18 to 36:09

Learn about penile traction therapy as a treatment method for Peyronie's disease.

“that go back to about 2006 and prior that show maybe a 30 % chance that guys will get an improvement in their curvature if we do that within about the first six months of onset of conditions.”

Penile Traction Therapy

36:44 to 36:54

Learn about penile traction therapy as a treatment method for Peyronie's disease.

“medications with zero to moderate gene drug interactions.”

Penile Traction Therapy

38:43 to 39:31

Learn about penile traction therapy as a treatment method for Peyronie's disease.

“Same day delivery for most internet eligible customers.”

Misconceptions About Peyronie's Disease

39:46 to 42:00

Unpack common misconceptions and psychological aspects of Peyronie's disease.

“What's the biggest misconception you hear from patients in your practice?”

Understanding Peyronie's Disease

42:00 to 44:41

Learn about the unpredictability of Peyronie's Disease and common misconceptions surrounding it.

“And I think this could be the day that I developed this.”

Mental Health and Peyronie's Disease

44:42 to 46:38

Explore the mental health impacts of Peyronie's Disease on patients and the stigma surrounding it.

“It sounds like you've taken care of our you're probably gonna be okay segment for this episode.”

Treatment Approaches for Peyronie's

46:39 to 49:57

Discover the various treatment options available for Peyronie's Disease, emphasizing holistic care.

“And it has, you know, it's, it's been on, it's been on Saturday Night Live.”

Shifts in Peyronie's Disease Treatment Landscape

49:58 to 56:01

Understand the evolution of Peyronie's treatment and the importance of timely intervention.

“But for me, I want things to be really stable for at least six months, maybe even a year.”

Understanding Peyronie's Disease Treatment

56:01 to 57:19

Learn about the treatment options and expectations for men with Peyronie's disease.

“But we'll start you on some medications.”

Raising Awareness for Peyronie's Disease

57:20 to 58:20

Discover the importance of awareness and education regarding Peyronie's disease.

“people who have dealt with this with bravery and humor.”

The Reality of Peyronie's Disease

58:21 to 59:46

Understand the common misconceptions and realities of living with Peyronie's disease.

“The other thing is that we don't like is a term disease mongering, where you're trying to muster up a disease that a guy may not have.”

Resources for Peyronie's Disease

59:47 to 1:00:07

Find out about resources and organizations that help men dealing with Peyronie's disease.

Resources for Peyronie's Disease

1:02:10 to 1:05:00

Find out about resources and organizations that help men dealing with Peyronie's disease.

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Transcript

Automatic transcript. May contain errors.

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2:02Like a new laptop if you're eligible and enroll in select online or on-campus programs. That means flexible and engaging online courses and resources, tuition savings options if you qualify, exceptional student support, and much more. Online nationally or check out their 20 campuses across six states. Start when you're ready and get the support you need. Visit rasmussen.edu.

2:51Yeah, your story starts. Let's talk about it. Let's talk about it in the mailroom. Let's talk about it. Let's talk about it in the mailroom. Welcome to the mailroom. Yeah, welcome. Welcome back to the mailroom. It gets better here every day. We're not living like animals at all. We are living like civilized gentlemen, Jordan Runtah. I don't mean guns and roses. We, you know, we just, you know, we could completely go off the rails on this crazy train if we get too much longer. I know it's not guns and roses, but we're just going to go with the hard rock theme for this deal. Because, yeah, we're going to be dealing with something that I deal with day in and day out in my office.

3:42is in fact probably one of the busiest aspects of my career, both research-wise in the literature and publications and speaking, professorializing with this condition that we're going to just come out and say Peyronie's disease. Jordan, what's up, man? Not much. I am really excited to do this episode because you are truly a rock star in the Peyronie's disease world. You are the Jimmy Page of Peyronie's. You were one of the leading researchers because every time I was doing research on this episode and your name kept coming up left, right, and center. I just ramble on, man, just ramble on. Yeah.

4:17Yeah. I mean, I think we're going to get a little professorial today. It's something that I'm, I'm super interested in the history of it. We'll talk about a little bit. And, and then, you know, this is going to be another one of these series. We're going to have a bunch of people, some of my friends that I've, I've known for years that are also luminaries in the field of Peronis disease, because this, this deserves a lot of, of oxygen, And not just because this is a big part of what I do at UCLA and both in the clinic and in the operating room as well as in the laboratory, essentially in our research, but also because it's a disease that has its roots in shame.

4:56It has its roots in the insecurities of men's health. And so I think these are the things we got to unpack. We have to demystify. And also, you know, it's way more common than we think. And when I started practice, Peyronie's disease really is the one thing that there's no other specialist that can deal with this condition truly other than a urologist. All right. So, you know, we're just kind of rambling on as it were. I mean, you gave me the Jimmy Page thing. There's no way I can live up to that. But I'll pull out my Les Paul and see what we can do. So what is Peyronie's disease? The condition has been described really probably since about the 13th century, since an Italian anatomist, Fallopius, who also those of us that know gynecology know of Fallopian tubes.

5:47Wow. So he knew a lot about the pelvis of both men and women, pelvies. And he described this condition called in duratio plastica penis, or basically in duration of the lining of the tunica albigenia, the tough outer membrane of the penis that caused deformity. And so he did a lot of work in the anatomic dissecting labs and the cadaver labs. And so he must have come across a bunch of these lumps in penises of cadavers that he was dissecting the pelvis on for other reasons. But it was not named Fallopius' disease. It was named Peyronie's disease for François Gigot de la Peyronie, who was the physician in mid-18th century France.

6:29He was a royal physician. And one of the original papers that actually described a case report for Peyronie's goes back to about 1743 or so. I'll make it up. I'm sure we can get Google AI generated answer to exactly when that paper came out first. But I said that Peyronie's is a disease that started in shame. And I mean that because the way that Peyronie, the physician, described the paper, it was a guy that was out philandering in the streets of Paris. And he was about 32 years old and he had a few nights on the town away from his wife. And then he came back with this painful and curved erection.

7:10and that's what Peyronie's disease is quite simply is just when the penis does not maintain its normal cylindrical shape that the guy has known all his life and he develops either a painful lump or a plaque we call it a curvature usually ensues penile shortening almost always happens in fact 100 % of guys that have Peyronie's will not be able to maintain or regain their normal length without some kind of intervention and a lot of times it decreases blood flow so it causes problems with erections. And so this guy had what Peyronie thought was a venereal disease. And that's what you get for stepping out on your wife is Peyronie's.

7:49And so imagine how many times in my career that I have a very nice, happily married man that goes on a business trip, and he comes back, and he has this curvature. How do you explain that one to your partner? And, you know, it has nothing to do with venereal diseases. There's no infectious etiology to Peyronie's. But that's how the whole thing started in the 1740s. So we've known about this forever. We've described it. But you're going to say, well, then, okay, what causes Peronis disease, Dr. Mills? And I'll say, well, yes, Jordan, thanks for introducing me as this leader in the field. And I will say I have no idea.

8:23And that was one of the first things that I like to disavow of my patients, that we know everything. We know what it is. We know what the scar tissue is. If I go in to the operating room because I have to remove the scar tissue, which is one of the surgeries I do, I can send it to my pathologist and they will tell me it's a disorganized bundle of multiple types of collagen, primarily type 1 collagen and type 3 collagen. And there's probably seven plus types of collagen in our body, which is that connective tissue that makes our nose have shape. It keeps the balance in our skin. So as we age and our skin becomes wrinkly and it becomes less firm, then that's loss of collagen cross-linking or bridging.

9:01In the penis, it's exactly the opposite. It is this giant ball of disorganized collagen. And we know that the normal lining of the penis, that tunic albigenia, is made up of two separate layers of collagen, what we call longitudinal fibers, which run straight down the cylinder, as you imagine, in the parallel fashion of the penis dangling from the body. And then the circular fibers, which are what keep it in its cylindrical shape. And so the circular fibers go around the cylinder and the two of those usually work in concert so that guys will get an erection that maintains its cylinder shape as it engorges with blood and keeps it all trapped in and establishes the erection that most guys know and love.

9:44And Peronis goes in and screws all of that up and you end up with this disorganized bundle of abnormal collagen. So the way I look at this is, if I'm trying to explain to a guy, I said, look, you know, before I lose all confidence as a provider that I don't know what's going on, we do know that there is a genetic basis for this and that there are guys that are a little more susceptible to forming these plaques, which we call them. They're not plaques like you'd think cholesterol plaques in arteries, and they're not associated with coronary disease. but basically using the loose definition of plaque is a chunk of tissue that shouldn't be there and that's all it is it's essentially a chunk of this collagen that normally should be nice and elastic is now becoming fixed.

10:31Barone's is very associated with two other conditions of what we call connected tissue disorders and they all have eponyms so in the hand that's another French guy diputrans and so if you ever notice guys usually as we age or women too can develop these contracted fingers where instead of being able to hold your palm all the way out you get this contraction where the the usually the pinky finger will come in so that you can't fully extend your hand or high five somebody you end up with a little bit of a dysfunction of that ability so it's difficult if it's your right hand to shake hands, to do five-fingered exercises.

11:12And that can be, you know, a serious problem because it affects the hand. So it can actually affect, you know, work. If you work with your hands, if you're a guitar player, just imagine that trying to fret with a, you know, with a pinky that doesn't fully expand. And it's the same connective tissue disorder. It's the same kind of lumpy, bumpy collagen that affects the penis. And then lastly, there's something called lederhose contractures. so German dude I guess maybe Austrian of the plantar fascia of the foot or the the bottom part of the foot so it affects the arch and so it can be painful and again it's just a lump in that connective tissue or that ligament that keeps the foot in a nice arch-like fashion it can contract that as well so yeah basically penis hand foot same deal if I took out a piece of a contracture in the hand or the foot and I sent it to my pathologist they would not be able to tell me if it came from the penis, the hand or the foot.

12:06Now, I guess taking it back a little bit, how does a man first realize that something is wrong? Or is it different for every case? Is it a visible curve? Is it painful erection? Is it a lump? Is it a loss of length? Is it difficulty having sex? Yes. Yes. The answer is yes. Yeah, so by way of, I got all excited and jumped in to this whole thing because obviously this is what I do. But yeah, this is going to be a big multi-part episode. So we're going to unpack all of this. I'm going to have some friends on as we were talking about. And so I think, yeah, what I'll tell you in this intro phase is that it can happen all of those ways where a guy can literally wake up one morning with an erection that is bent.

12:48And often it starts in a painful way and where they notice with their erections, all of a sudden they develop pretty significant kind of either a throbby or a sharp stabbing pain because that a normal erectile tissue is limited. It can't expand past that scar tissue. So the most obvious manifestation is a curvature. The second most is length loss. And then it also can turn into length loss, curvature problems, and then not getting good blood flow past the plaque. It almost acts like a finger over a garden hose where if you have this extrinsic force pushing down on the blood vessels that normally supply the entire penis, then guys will develop what we call distal flaccidity where they won't get an engorged tip of the penis where they won't get an engorged portion of the penis that's past that plaque.

13:39And so, yeah, it can happen anyway. Most guys do not know what caused this. And so getting back to the genetics of this, I think that there are populations that have a slightly increased risk of this. We know that men that undergo pelvic surgeries or any kind of urologic instrumentation where they're maybe getting surgery for kidney stones or surgery on their prostate, those guys tend to have a higher risk of developing pronies. And we don't know if this is fully causal. We also think if you're going to a urologist for some kind of urologic surgery, then you also may say, hey, and by the way, I've got this change in my penis that I hadn't noticed before.

14:18And that becomes what we call association bias or selection to saying, you know, I'm already here for one penile issue or one urologic issue. Do you mind taking a look at this lump or this bump I noticed in the scar tissue? And, you know, that's the initial diagnosis is we actually most of the time, 80 % of the time don't know why they develop this scar tissue, what goes rogue in their wound healing processes that allows for a hypertrophic wound heal. There are guys that get keloid scars, you know what those are? No. Yeah, so if you see, sometimes it happens after, say, an ear piercing or something.

14:54They can happen anywhere in the body or you have a pretty significant laceration or a cut somewhere. And instead of just a nice thin scar, they can get really lumpy, bumpy skin tissue. And a lot of times it happens in the ears and it is very, you can see it and then say, gosh, what happened to that person's skin or that wound healing? That's another disorganized way that we heal wounds is to develop these keloids, which are giant blobs of collagen and that's under the skin surface. And there's an association between keloids and pyrenees as well. But yeah, only about 20 % of guys will tell me they had an inciting incident that led to it.

15:33And even those, even those I have to be really careful with them to make them not feel like they did something wrong. I have to disavow guys that there is any component of shame or that I did something on my penis I shouldn't. So a lot of younger guys come in thinking they had a masturbation injury that led to this. i've had you know in california surfboard injuries in colorado snowboard injuries where they're they're even with a flaccid penis they may have taken a blow of some kind uh to the penile tissue and then they notice the curvature and could be but most of the time what we think is that because the most most guys that develop peronies it's really between their 40s and 60s that it happens because they're getting a little bit of these chronic little flexion injuries where the penile tissue may not be as engorged as it used to be.

16:20They're still getting erections, but that those little micro traumas lead up to at one point that genetic switch turning on to say, oh man, we got to put down this type one collagen, this type three collagen, what I call the spackle of the penis. So if you put a hole in your wall, right, what do you do? You go to your hardware store and you get a tub of spackle and you throw it up to patch the wall. It's not quite like the wall board that was installed, but it covers up the hole. And I think that's sort of what happens with our wound healing system is that there's a slight low-grade inflammatory panic when the penis senses a microtrauma that could lead to a bigger injury.

16:56And all of a sudden, these guys that have a genetic predisposition are just throwing down spackle. And it heals, but it doesn't heal to the point where a guy's gonna have a completely normal penis. So yeah, penile injury, penile fracture. You know, we talked about the five Ps of the Pinocalypse a few episodes ago. And two of those were penis fracture and Peyronie's. and those are not very well associated at all and even if a guy doesn't get his penis fracture healed a lot of times they have problems with erectile function but they don't they don't necessarily develop Peyronie's so unclear you know bottom line is that that after this long long consultation i'll have in my office with guys they're going to leave feeling as if they don't really know what caused it but but the best and important thing i can do is disavow them of any shame factor that they didn't do anything to their penises.

17:45I mean, their penises are pretty tough, durable organs, right? And they are the reason for our genetic procreation. So they're built that way to withstand a lot of different shenanigans. And so unfortunately, sometimes that shenanigan gets in the way. And here we are with a Peyronie's plaque developing.

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21:34Now, this is a really beginner question, but... Good. You talk about developing Peyronie's disease. The manifestation of it, is it truly you wake up one day and there is a curve, or is it something gradual that occurs over days, weeks, months? Again, I'm going to say yes. Not much. So it's a reasonable time to talk about something that I don't want to talk about anymore, because we argue about this in the academy. we have traditionally classified Peronis into an acute phase and a chronic phase. Ah, okay. Where a guy notices a disturbance in his normal penis anatomy and that's day one. And then day, I don't know, 180, he notices that things haven't really changed much since day one and say he wakes up one morning and his penis is bent 45 degrees to the right or to the left or up or down because Peyronie's curvature can really go in any direction of the cardinal orders.

22:35In fact, some guys go up and to the left, up and to the right, down to the left, down to the right, straight down, straight up. But either way, if a guy wakes up with that curvature, that change in the penile anatomy, he may never change again. In other words, you wake up a 45 degree bend and six months later, it's exactly the same. Some guys don't have any pain with this at all. Some guys have pain that lasts two years. Some guys have pain that doesn't go away, that can continue throughout the course of this condition. And then some guys will have a very gradual onset of pain and curvature where they say, gosh, you know, I woke up and I noticed it was about 20 degrees bent to the right.

23:13And a lot of guys, Jordan, have underlying curvature anyway. I mean, there's some normal anatomy that allows a variance of about 20 degrees where guys will have a bend and that gradual bend may never get in the way of intercourse. And that's just normal for them. And so it's really what's abnormal for them. And in fact, some men are even born with a significant angulation where their penis can be born bent 90 degrees. That's not Peyronie's. That's called either Cordy where a guy's penis bends downwards. and that's an anatomic variant where a guy's penis, the chambers of the penis don't all grow at the same time and one of them or two of them are mismatched.

23:55And so whenever a guy gets an erection or even a young boy gets an erection, he may have a physiologic curvature. And again, sometimes they're not bothered and sometimes we have to fix them surgically if they get in the way of intercourse. But it is good to distinguish all things that are curved are not Peyronie's. And so when we talk about Peyronie's from a definition, It is an acquired disorder of the shape of the penis. And it can happen at age 17. It can happen at age 87. But you alluded to something, which is this idea that we like to categorize in medicine. And so acute and chronic phase for decades to centuries kind of made sense.

24:32And I've been really working a long time to disavow our patients and our professional societies from trying to do this. because sadly in this day and age, now that we have treatments for Peyronie's disease, this becomes an issue with sometimes getting coverage and care for it. And some insurance companies will not allow us to treat guys in the acute phase because it seems like we just need to wait and see if it gets better. And the other myth, because we love taking things down on the show, is that Peyronie's will get better on its own. And there was one study in the 1970s or so that looked at what we call the natural history of Peyronie's, meaning when you say something has a natural history, it means you observe it from the beginning until the guy dies, basically, without intervening because for years we didn't really have a viable intervention for Peyronie's disease.

25:26And in that study, and I still get physicians that quote this to me or patients that re-quote what their doctor told them, is that a third of these get better, a third of these stay the same, and a third of these get worse. And so if you look at the, if you wanted to dichotomize into acute and chronic phase, then you would say, hey, look, a guy comes in, I woke up with an erection this morning, and it's bent. That may be my afternoon clinic today waiting for me, most likely because of how often I see this condition. I'll probably have six or eight new guys in my clinic today with this condition.

25:56And if they've seen other doctors before they see me, they may have told them, they say, look, man, this just happened to you. It's okay. You know, probably got about a 30 % chance this will go away on its own. So let's just keep an eye on it. That would be based on a really crappy one paper that I'd love to just toss out a little bit of true. And a third of them stay the same, I think, is also probably not true. In fact, I see a lot of guys that will develop the original phase, what we used to call acute phase, where it doesn't get any different. It's just they wake up, their penis is bent 90 degrees, no trauma.

26:29They just kind of happen to them. That doesn't get any better. It doesn't get any worse. It is what it is. and so imagine me trying to tell a guy hey look bro you know come back and see me in six months and we'll see what we can do about it so now a guy has to live with his devastating condition where he may be unable to engage in intercourse he may not if he's single try to explain that to a partner and then basically me turning my back on him for six months and you know watching the clock tick down to zero and then say okay now we're going to do something and then the other group of guys though the guys that do stabilize after a year or so those are the ones that will have this gradual onset where it starts at 20, then it gets to 30, 40, 45 degrees.

27:08And they're noticing, God, I lost maybe a centimeter of length. And then I lost two centimeters. And, you know, then I lost three. Some guys even mentioned they feel as if they lost up to four inches of their normal penile length. So this is not just a subtle deal, but it happens that that tissue can get so disorganized and cause such a wad of crumpled up normal healthy erectile tissue that they can never expand. And so all of those are real. And so my mission is to, to not really talk about acute and chronic phase Peyronie's in, and we'll get, we'll ask what our experts say too. And it'll be fun to see when they get on and if they, if they want to challenge me on this or, or they will see their practices a little bit differently.

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27:50But really the most important thing to me is when do I intervene with something invasive and invasive would be surgery. And the things that I do like is for guys to stabilize to the point where they haven't had much change in agulation for at least a few months. Because if I intervene too soon, I could either over or under correct those guys, right? If there's any chance that they get better. And by the way, you know, just to go back to me saying it never gets better, there is a very small percentage of guys, you know, maybe under 10 % that notice that Peyronie's can get a little bit better without doing anything.

28:25But again, we don't have those observational studies anymore because now we do have early interventions, which we'll get into over this course of this series. And so for somebody to walk into an office, we're Peyronie's and have a physician pat them on the back and say, hey, let's see how this goes in three months. That's not cool. You know, we have too many things we can do, even non-invasive things at all, that we give these guys a fighting chance at getting better before it turns into a three-month, six-month, two-year process before we get them care. those are two years where the guy's going to be psychologically emotionally and physically devastated by this condition and that's what i want to disavow of is that if a guy comes in the acute phase i have treatments available for them that we could start treating them immediately instead of waiting and saying oh let's see if it stabilizes and then we'll go from there we have to stop with that thinking what are some of those uh non-surgical treatments yeah so we're going to have episodes dedicated to this jordan but the way i look at peyronies in general from a treatment standpoint is pills, pokes, and procedures.

29:24And that's kind of a nice way to organize what we do. And the spoiler alert here is that even in 2026, we still have just one FDA-approved therapy for Peyronie's disease. And in full disclosure, the condition is treated with something called Xyaflex or collagenase, which is an enzyme that breaks down the plaques that we're going to talk about. and as in say in full disclosure, I was one of the principal investigators on the trial that brought that to market in 2013. So I have no stock interests in the company, but they do sponsor some fellowship and research for us. So that is my above board disclosure that I do have ties to the company, but none that I directly profit from.

30:11So I can speak marginally unbiased on this as a clinician. But yeah, the other things before we get to Zyaflex, which I'm going to have one of my friends and colleagues talk with me about here in the next few episodes at some point, is that there are medications that we think have properties that can help treat Peyronie's. And so the classic therapy is something we call antifibrotic therapy or triple therapy because there are three different things we try. And we use them in combination because they work differently. And again, none of these is FDA approved for Peyronie's. They're FDA approved drugs that we use for other things.

30:47One will be very familiar to the audience. It's something we call Tadalafil, which is a generic name of Cialis, or Sildenafil, which is Viagra. They work very similarly. And those are medicines we typically give to guys to improve their erectile function, sometimes their cardiovascular health for men and women both that have hypertension or high blood pressure within their pulmonary artery system. And the reason I mention that condition is that we know that these are not just boner pills. They're not just for giving us better erections, but they have multiple different channels that they can improve.

31:22And in the realm of Peyronie's, we know that they can decrease the amount of fibrosis or scar tissue that your body puts down. So if you see a guy and he develops Peyronie's and you don't want to treat him, even if you're a primary physician listening or a urologist doesn't treat Peyronie's, I would try them as you get them into my office or get a referral to your local Peyronie's expert to put them on a daily low dose of Tadalafil because it does have both in vitro and in vivo, meaning in the body itself, but also in lab tissue cultures, it can decrease the amount of scar tissue that forms. And so the idea is maybe we can intervene before this plaque becomes so dense that the only way we can get rid of it is either with an injection like collagenase or a surgery where I have to actually go in and either excise the plaque or counterbalance the plaque through surgery.

32:14we're going to have a whole episode on surgeries as well. So stay tuned for that. But Cialis is kind of, or to doubt, it was sort of the anchor of this antifibrotic therapy. The other two, one is actually an amino acid or a supplement called L-citrulline, which is a nitric oxide donor. It helps improve the amount of nitric oxide in a system. And we know the nitric oxide is important for dilation or opening up of blood vessels and relaxing a smooth muscle, both in the penis and everywhere. And so anybody that is a gym goer that enjoys pre-workouts, one of the big ingredients in pre-workouts is either something called L-arginine or L-citrulline.

32:53They both essentially get converted to nitric oxide through either the liver or the kidney. But we also use it in peronies and in erectile dysfunction as a supplement that may have some evidence. And then finally, something called pentoxaphylene, which has been around for 50, 60 years. and that is another medicine that has a nonspecific pathway just like tadalafil where it can help improve blood flow to the penis and decrease scar tissue as well by inhibiting one of the inflammatory cytokine pathways and that is a big fancy word for essentially when a body feels that it needs to generate either an immune or an inflammatory response like you get kicked in the shin, you get redness, you get bruising.

33:37those are all inflammatory cytokines that run to the area to help increase wound healing. So pentoxifiline or Trento is its old brand name. It inhibits something called TGF beta, which is one of those inflammatory cytokines that leads to deposition of scar tissue. So it's a very, very indirect way that we think can decrease the amount of scar tissue that forms. So we only use that in guys that haven't had Peyronie's for a very long time, what used to be called the acute phase and even probably will always be called the acute phase. But as I said, I really don't like to use that term. But yeah, so those three things together, the literature is pretty sparse on a couple of randomized placebo-controlled trials that go back to about 2006 and prior that show maybe a 30 % chance that guys will get an improvement in their curvature if we do that within about the first six months of onset of conditions.

34:28So we'll talk about that with our other guests at some point to see what they do for it. Because again, non-FDA approved. So nothing on the label that says that those things treat Peyronie's, but we've cobbled together this little packet of pretty safe medications that may have some efficacy. One of the other things that we'll talk about a lot is penile traction or penile modeling. Because we do know that if you break your hand, then you get put into a cast or a splint. to break your arm, you get put into a cast. And so if you break the penis, and part of the reason that it doesn't work so well as an orthopedic injury is because again, as I said, this isn't really a fracture of the penis, it's more of a deposition of scar tissue.

35:10But what if we try to, if you're bent to the right, put on a device or something that can help redirect the penis to its more straight orientation that you remember before you develop scar tissue, that's called penile traction. There are multiple different brands out there that can do that. Some of them can actually work as a fulcrum or a lever to help re-bend the penis at the point of curvature so that if you bend 45 degrees to the right, then you bend the device 45 degrees to the left. So you're providing a counter traction and it kind of makes sense. And there's some data, especially if you combine that with a more aggressive approach, like some kind of therapy that we inject directly into the penis, either Zyflex or some of the non FDA approved injection therapies that we'll also cover at some point.

35:54But yeah, I mean, it kind of works. And it's something to do. One of the things that that we do think happens with traction is that you may be able to restore some length loss. And so even if a guy doesn't get much curvature improvement, maybe we'll restore a little bit of length loss. So, so again, something that we're going to unpack in in future episodes. But right, definitely some therapies we can do before we start getting too aggressive.

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39:45I'm sure you've been seeing people for, you know, you said this is the most common thing that you treat in your clinic. What's the biggest misconception you hear from patients in your practice? Yeah, one, that it's their fault that they did something to their penis. And so again, you know, we have to unpack the shame and say you didn't do anything. Even if you did do something, you know you you probably are well within your realm of what most guys can get away with their penis and so that is something that you have to walk out of my office and think okay you know i didn't do anything wrong my partner didn't do anything wrong you know if you want to talk about uh referred guilt it's when a guy comes in with a partner or sometimes the relationship doesn't survive the injury where where a person says that another person caused this to happen i've seen guys that have had had been sexually assaulted you know forcibly by by a sexual partner that did something essentially either a forcible bend during intercourse that set up this cascade of of inflammatory tissue that's a whole nother thing or if a couple is still together after the partner may have caused the injury that is another unpacking of guilt where you know they probably didn't do anything wrong unless they truly truly wanted to instill harm on on that partner, which I sadly have seen a couple of times, but really just a couple in the tens of thousands of guys I've taken care of.

41:06But yeah, you didn't do anything wrong. You know, it just happens and there is a genetic basis for this. And we do see it. And it's not, I should also say, the other major thing that we should dispel is that this is a condition, they call this in Scandinavia, the Vikings disease. And we thought that it had a much higher prevalence in men of northern European descent. And there is a little bit of a genetic signal for that. But I see men literally from all over the world, either living all over the world that come to see me for their condition, or that their ethnic origins are global. In fact, some of the things that I would love to disavow is that this is a disease that strictly strikes northern Europeans.

41:48Because if anybody is listening, that is not of that origin, and they think, well, I've got this bend to my penis. But they, you know, I've heard this is always something that normally affects white guys it doesn't it can affect anybody so that's the other thing is that you know if you are a person that has a penis you can get this i can this is one of the diseases without tmi-ing my guys and say look i can wake up tomorrow and have this condition there's you know i know i know how to prevent erectile dysfunction i eat right i sleep i exercise you do all the things that mills tells me to do because i listen to his podcast i read his book and i'm like i'm not going to get erectile dysfunction until you know i cannot keep up anymore with the cruel hands of age, but Peyronie's does not have that every day I wake up.

42:29And I think this could be the day that I developed this. And so you can't live in fear of it. If you're sitting there listening to this show and think, well, man, I'm really glad I don't have that. But boy, you know, do I have to be careful of something? You really don't, you know, but the point is, is that this can happen to anybody. There is really not a lot of predispositions. And I, you know, the goal of this whole podcast is to spread joy and joy and love and peace and love, peace and love. And not a, I know Ringo. Yeah. So if we all listen to him a little more, but, but really the goal is, is to just, you know, not worry about developing these things.

43:06But if you do, then we got treatments for it too. That's the other myth is that, Hey, you really, you know, this is something that just happens. You can't do much about it. I cannot believe in 2026, I still get guys that come into my office that really had to go past what their local doc told them to either get on the internet or just seek out Peroni's experts and end up in my office with the misconception that there's really nothing we can do to get this better. It still happens today. It has been now 13 years since the FDA approved collagenase for the penis or Xiaflex. 13 years and so this is not a cutting-edge novel novel therapy by any means it's something that that again we're going to dedicate an episode to but it is something that still that the majority of urologists actually don't use this medication for reasons that we'll unpack later but there are plenty of guys that are very well trained in fact you know two every year i train two urologic surgeons in how to administer that drug in a safe and effective way so there are lots of guys out there that have excellent training in this.

44:12And so, right, don't go in, if you are listening and you think, geez, I do have this lump on my penis I didn't have before. I had this curvature, I don't know what to do about it. And you're listening to the show, then don't give up. You know, don't give up and think there's nothing I can do about it because we have all kinds of treatments. We have pure fellowships now for the last many years that have been dedicated to training surgeons and providers how to treat guys that have this. So yeah, that's a huge misconception. There's so many things we can do for these guys. It sounds like you've taken care of our you're probably gonna be okay segment for this episode.

44:46Yeah, you know, that is true. And I do think that that's very helpful is that the other thing I will talk about is that the mental health component of this, because we really hit this hard on the show, is so important. I collaborated with some colleagues from Karolinska Institute in Sweden. Sweden and Scandinavia in general has amazing patient databases because it is a system that has universal health care. And people, it turns out they really enjoy living in Scandinavia, so they don't move that much. They're not that transient of a society. And so they can have amazing longitudinal records because they have many touch points over the patient's life from when they were born to when they die.

45:29And so we had a database of over 9 ,000 men that we looked at with Peyronie's. And this was published, I want to say about 2022 or so in the Journal of Urology. So one of our premier journals that looked at the mental health aspect of men that had Peyronie's disease when they had this painful or painless curvature deformity to the penis. And the number of guys that had mental health issues as really, whether as a result of the Peyronie's or whether it was just an association, we weren't really powered to look at. But essentially the association is about a three to one fold history of guys that have had touch points with mental health providers.

46:06There's a huge increase in guys that are on antidepressant medications that have Peyronie's disease. And really tragically, and this is something that I hear, Jordan, not frequently, but it happens, is guys with suicidality that have considered ending their life because of this condition. And so one of the things I love, as you know, being funny and humorous and light, but this is where I'm not going to do it because I've had men that have come into me where their urologists have made fun of it and said, ah, you know, it's, it's just a bend to the penis. It's funny. You got a banana between your legs, not the right thing to say.

46:39And there are lots of things to have fun and make light of, but, you know, I would challenge any guy out there that if one day you woke up and you had a bend to your penis and it wasn't a penis that you knew, uh, that, that would be anything that would be funny about it. And it has, you know, it's, it's been on, it's been on Saturday Night Live. It's been lampooned that this condition. And so, so can you find humor in it? Sure. And, and I'm hoping we'll, we'll bring a guest on at some point that can, that has had this condition that maybe can, can look at this with a humorous light. But as a provider, you know, for me to discount, this is like, Hey, at least you're not going to die from this.

47:15Not cool at all. And there are guys that come in and feel a lump in their penis. And that's the first thing they think is that, Oh my God, I have cancer. And I will tell you in the years and decades I've been practicing, I've never misdiagnosed cancer for Peronis disease or Peronis disease for cancer. They're very, very different manifestations. They don't look alike, they don't feel alike. And so again, get evaluated, but most likely you don't have cancer and it just doesn't present that way in the penis. But yeah, I mean, the things that have really changed in terms of how guys present is wonderfully and delightfully they're presenting much earlier than they were before.

47:54So we had another, and maybe we'll bring this up with one of our guests as well. But when we were looking at the original trials for Peyronie's disease, which, gosh, those clinical trials dated back to, I want to say around 2006, 2007. And we published a subset analysis, meaning we looked at a lot of different ways. We looked at the data and how guys presented. and in the clinical trials that brought Ziaflex to market, we excluded men that had not had Peyronie's disease for greater than a year. And the reason for that was not scientific in terms of thinking that it would be less efficacious, but unfortunately, insurance companies have weaponized us on that and said, look, it's not studied in guys under a year.

48:36So that's why they make people wait. Thankfully, with a lot of advocacy and a lot of pushback, I haven't really had that problem for a number of years now, but it's still something that I hear frequently. But what we found is that the average age of presentation for Peyronie's in the old days was guys could have it four or five years before they really sought any kind of definitive therapy. And what we also found, which is kind of good for you're probably going to be okay, is that if you are listening to this and you've noticed this curvature for a while and you haven't found the right physician or urologist to treat this, that your treatment course is going to be just as effective.

49:14And we found that even if a guy had Peyronie's plaque for a year or even 10 years, that if we initiated therapy with intralesional injections, in this case, Zyflex, that the outcomes were about the same. Guys still can benefit from therapy even a year out. But I'm not seeing guys that have had this now for 10 years anymore. In fact, I've had guys that immediately they see it, they get on the Internet, they find out, they define what it is, and they come see a provider within days to weeks to months. and so again those are the guys that that what we know is and we have a couple of nice papers out in the literature recently that treating guys in the acute phase but again i hate to use that term but guys that have had this for less than six months they do just as well as guys that have had it for you know for years and so why make a guy suffer and wait you know for some magic time to kick in before you can start actually treating them for their condition so another thing we have to break down is that acute versus chronic phase should not affect a treatment course if you think a man's a candidate for intralesional therapy the only thing i would say is that if you're a patient listening and you see somebody and you have this acute phase where you've had it for three months six months and they want to operate on you i would that's where i would slow the roll a bit because i don't typically and it's not a set in stone again we'll talk to some of our our other providers will get on the show.

50:35But for me, I want things to be really stable for at least six months, maybe even a year. And again, because we have things we can do before that time, like Zyaflex, then we can see potentially an improvement that we can either decrease the amount of surgery we have to do in a guy or obviate the need for surgery in general. We looked at our data not too long ago and found that about 80 % of guys will get a durational good response to intralesional therapy or the injection therapy. with Zyflex and only about 7 % of my men that had gone through a course of Zyflex end up actually needing surgery.

51:11And so that's a pretty good number. It means you have a 93 % chance of finding a non-surgical solution to this condition. So those are the kind of numbers that we want to keep posting. And as we get more and more familiar with this compound and we change and refine our techniques a little bit more, as well as adding on additional therapies potentially, one of the things that we know that Peronis is associated with, for example, is hypogonadism or low testosterone, which we have talked a lot about on this show, but that's also optimizing testosterone levels, optimizing blood flow. And however we do that to the penis through diet, exercise, and stress reduction, all those things, they all help, you know.

51:50And so again, we have to treat this condition holistically. We have to treat it not just as I have a chunk of scar and my penis and I need a surgical solution. But no, if we treat a guy holistically, we treat their mental health, we treat their hormonal health and we treat their physical health or the plaque directly, that's the winning combination. So there's really got to find a provider that can do all of that for you. Well said. I mean, I know one of the questions I had my final question for you was what's changed most in Peroni's treatment during your career? It sounds like you've been actively involved in a lot of those changes from both how it's treated holistically and also the medications that are used, the injections that are used to help the non-surgical options.

52:32So that's incredible. Yeah, I mean, I will say, so I started practice, my fellowship ended mid-2008 and then Zyaflex was FDA approved in 2013 and I was involved in the clinical trials throughout. So I had a few years where we didn't have Zyaflex except for on an experimental basis. and I will say something kind of surprising that comes up. In fact, it just came up at a national meeting in D.C. a couple weeks ago is that my surgical practice has exploded at the advent of Zyaflex and there's this thing in medicine when a new drug comes out called, there's two things, one is good and one is bad and the good thing is called disease state awareness or DSA and pharmaceutical execs like to talk about DSA where you have something that maybe not so many people knew about because Peyronie's is an amazing case study, you know, for an MBA in disease state awareness.

53:33If you look at old textbooks that the overall incidence of guys walking down the street that have Peyronie's is about 0.9 % up to 3%. That goes back to fallopius and looking at cadavers and saying, hey, here's a scar tissue in the penis. and I found this, you know, in one out of a hundred cadavers, then that's the incidence of pronies, 1%. Well, now that we've had a disease state awareness, because we have a drug, that incidence is pretty practically, and I think realistically gone up to about 10%. So 10 % of guys walking down the street have this condition. So we used to call this an orphan condition.

54:10It's not an orphan disease. It has lots and lots of guys. And I always tell people, you know, when they come in and they're waiting to see me in that in that waiting room there's you know i practice male fertility i practice sexual dysfunction of all kinds and hormone management but really almost 40 of my practice is devoted to peyroni's disease and 100 of my practice is devoted to men's health and so there's a really good chance that you're going to be in a waiting room with somebody else that has that condition as you're waiting to see me so my peyroni's career has exploded uh for sure over that time.

54:43But the surgeries I'm doing, because I'm seeing so many more guys that have this, and because Zyoflex is not a miracle drug, and despite what, you know, we would want people to say, and again, I'm not a speaker for the company that produces Zyoflex, so I can say this, and in fact, I said that in the New York Times, maybe 10 years ago, when it was first coming out, and I said, this is incredible drug, because we had nothing before, now we have an FDA-approved therapy. But again, not everybody, 20 % of guys or so don't get a satisfactory response to Zyaflex and a percentage of those guys are going to want to operate.

55:19And if I see conservatively, you know, tens of thousands of patients in my clinic sees thousands of guys a year on a new patient basis, we probably see four to 5 ,000 men a year. And if 40 % of those have peronies and 80 % of those guys get a good response to Zyaflex, if I think they're a candidate, then that still leaves me in the OR quite a bit. And so I'm still once or twice a week operating on men for Peyronie's disease. And so now you have a medical condition that has a surgical solution that we're really gonna get into in future episodes. And I think that's really important to know. And so you're right.

55:52I love that you're probably gonna be okay because my goal is to say, look, we're gonna find a solution. I don't know how yet. I don't know if it's gonna be, it'll get better on its own, but I can almost guarantee that's not it. But we'll start you on some medications. We'll optimize your hormones. we'll get you on a good nutritional regimen you know make sure you're eating well exercising doing all the things to make you live a long and healthy life and potentially help improve your peronies and then we'll start talking about medications and then we'll we'll eventually have the discussion about surgery but yeah we're gonna we're gonna figure out how to get some degree of functionality back the other misconception though that i think is really important is setting and i'd have this discussion always when i'm when i'm talking or training younger physicians is that you do have to set the expectation that there's a good chance that that man will not get the penis he had back before this condition.

56:40You know, you'll get some degree of functionality. The best case scenario is that you will correct the curvature. You may regain some length, if not all length, but that you have to accept the fact that you had an injury, you had a disease state that led to a permanent change in your penile architecture, but we're going to make it better. you know we're going to figure out a way to get to the point where you're functional again and i think that that may be the most important thing to walk away from this podcast is that you're going to be okay don't know how yet don't know when you're going to be okay but you may not be who you were before you're going to have to learn to adapt a bit and have that conversation well to be continued i know we have uh some folks coming on some fellow uh folks in the field and some people who have dealt with this with bravery and humor.

57:28And yeah, I'm really excited to dive into this. I have to say, I was one of those people who was really not familiar with this before I started speaking with you about it. And it's really shocking to me to hear that, you know, as many as 10 % of men are dealing with this. And so it's good to get the word out there. Yeah, no, I mean, I was, I think in medical school, I had exactly zero lectures on this. And so this is not something that medical students probably are really exposed to unless they're going to a center of excellence or a medical school that has providers that spend a lot of time treating this.

58:02And, you know, thankfully, UCLA, I have a lot of medical students either in my research group or come through my office. And so we are getting the word out. And I think it is becoming even those students that don't go into urology but go into a field that where they are taking care of men in some fashion, they at least have a bit of that disease state awareness. Oh, yeah. I just have foreclosure. The other thing is that we don't like is a term disease mongering, where you're trying to muster up a disease that a guy may not have. Peronis, you can't fake it. You just can't fake it. And so when people are surprised at just, you know, the amount of guys out there with Peronis disease, nothing has changed.

58:40There's nothing in the water. It's just the fact that it's way more common than we think. and nobody wants to come in and say, hey, give me that drug for Peyronie's because nobody wants this condition. And so I think that's the other thing about this is that it is very, very distinct and it is a very real condition that has very real therapies. But yeah, just because you see the ads on TV, the only people that ever respond to those, the guys are like, oh man, I had no idea that this is something that I had or that I had a treatment for. I just kind of figured it was a normal part of getting older.

59:16And so that's where I think disease state awareness is great. It allows guys a little bit of a vehicle and a mechanism to reach out and find somebody that can take care of you. And so there are good finders online, Peronis disease finders, where you can find providers that specialize in this. A plug for one of the groups I'm a part of, the Sexual Medicine Society of North America or the International Society of Sexual Medicine, ISSM. both have great websites where you can get good patient information on and also often find providers that specialize in this and so so those are good resources very well vetted that patients can reach out to for uh for information in addition to the mailroom with dr jesse mills which i hope also will be a good source of information for guys dealing with this the mailroom pod at gmail.com bam there it is so yeah let's uh you know let's call it a wrap for today and then say TBC and have guys come back and figure out, you know, how I engage my friends in treating this condition and spreading the word.

1:00:21Let's bring it on, my friend. Thank you for all you do. Dude, thanks for calling me the Jimmy Page of Peyronie's disease. I don't think I don't know how I'm ever going to live up to that, but I can die a happy man now. Put that on your website. Put that on your business card. Boom. There you go. vetted by by uh rolling stone correspondent jordan rumpel i'll take it all right man hey dude have uh we didn't get to catch up but uh hope things are going well for you and uh and i'll see you next time i'll bring a buddy of mine and uh we'll we'll uh we'll hash this out some more heck yeah looking forward to it sir all right bro be good see you next time

1:01:02Let's talk about it.

1:01:25The Mail Room with Dr. Jesse Mills was a production of iHeartRadio. It was executive produced by Jordan Runtog. It was edited, mixed, and mastered by Bahid Frazier. And the theme was provided by Long Transit. If you liked what you heard, please subscribe and leave a review. For more podcasts from iHeartRadio, check out the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows. This program is intended for educational and informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Consult your health care provider for any medical or other related questions or concerns.

1:02:05The views and discussions aired on this podcast are those of Dr. Mills and do not represent the official positions of UCLA or UCLA Health.

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From the publisher

In the first installment of our multi-part series on Peyronie's disease, Dr. Mills explains what causes the condition, how it can change the shape, length and function of the penis, and why it may be far more common than most men realize. He also traces its unusual medical history, separates Peyronie's from congenital curvature and dispels the damaging idea that patients somehow caused it themselves. From medications and traction devices to injections and surgery, Dr. Mills previews the range of treatments that will be explored throughout the series. Most importantly, he addresses the condition’s profound psychological impact and offers reassurance that effective options are available—and that no one should suffer in silence.

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