GOP Platform Released, NATO Summit Begins, Advancements In Organ Donation

0:01The Republican Party platform for 2024 is now public. The document promises a mass deportation, tax cuts, and speaks very carefully about abortion. How does it appeal to the voters former President Trump needs in the fall? I'm Steve Inskeep with Leila Fadal, and this is Up First from NPR News. President Biden is hosting European leaders at the NATO summit in Washington today. The alliance is focused on supporting Ukraine in its war against Russia, and leaders are also thinking about the election in the United States. And doctors have a new way to perform organ transplants for people in need of a liver, kidney, or heart.

0:39That would have been science fiction just a few years ago. The procedure is saving lives, but it's also raising major legal and ethical issues. Stay with us. We'll give you the news you need to start your day.

0:57This message comes from NPR sponsor Walmart. Did you know that Walmart is one of Fortune's 100 best companies to work for in 2025? It's no surprise. Walmart is investing$1 billion in training and development to help associates build lasting careers with or without a degree. In fact, 75 % of Walmart management started in hourly roles. With benefits like health care, paid parental leave, and tuition support, Walmart isn't just a place to work. It's a place to grow. Learn more at walmart.com slash spark. The Republican Party has published its platform, the principles it will run on for this fall's campaign.

1:40At the urging of former President Trump, the document is very short compared with the documents that both parties have put out in past elections. It is revealing for what it says and what it leaves out. NPR Stephen Fowler has been reading and he joins me now. Hi, Stephen. Hey there. So what's your impression? On the surface, Layla, yeah, it's brief. In 2016, Republicans had more than 66 pages of dense text that sketched out numerous policy goals if they took power. Now, just 16 pages. That sounds a lot like a rally speech and reads more like a post on Trump's Truth Social website. There's short bullet points about plans to make America great again, plus 20 promises typed in all caps, vowing to do things like seal the border and stop the migrant invasion.

2:24Okay, so a lot of slogans and that term migrant invasion to describe people crossing the border jumps out at me. It's language that was also thrown around a lot during the Trump administration and then echoed in the racist greed of the shooter in El Paso back in 2019 who carried out that deadly attack on Latinos in Walmart. So other than these slogans, do we learn much? You can if you also combine that with what Trump did his first four years in office before and what he said on the campaign trail this year. I mean, there's the pledge to enact the largest ever deportation operation in American history that's central to his stump speeches.

2:57He said that would require help from local police and the National Guard. There's also the suggestion to bring back a travel ban from Muslim-majority countries he pushed during his first year in office, about to bring back extreme vetting of immigrants and their backgrounds as they seek to come into the country, and an aggressive plan to use the military to secure the U.S.-Mexico border. Okay, a theme there. What else? Well, there's a call for same-day voting, even though the GOP is pushing its voters to, quote, swamp the vote and cast ballots early this year. Calls to make America the dominant energy producer in the world come as the U.S.

3:32is already the world's leading oil producer, while also including shout-outs to artificial intelligence and cryptocurrency, two things that are heavy energy consumers. And Trump's economic proposals, Layla, include more tax cuts and new tariffs on foreign goods that some experts say could lead to more inflation. So I didn't hear you mention abortion, though, which is a big issue this election. Trump has been evasive at times on what he would sign into law. Anything on that? Here's where we see both the political impact of the platform as well as its limitations. After 35 mentions of the word abortion in 2016's platform, the current platform only has one.

4:06Because of Trump, the official stance now is that states can decide what level of restrictions to enact. I mean, Republicans have been consistently on the losing side of this issue at the ballot box ever since that Dobbs Supreme Court decision. While Republicans do not commit here to a national abortion ban, this platform's not binding in any way, and it doesn't change the views of many of his allies and advocacy groups who still want that type of restriction and will likely still push for it if Trump wins, especially given language in the platform about the 14th Amendment's guarantee to life that leaves the door open for more.

4:39And what's been the reaction to the policy paper? Well, even though some anti-abortion groups are upset at the softening of the language there, there's still Republican unity behind Trump heading into the convention next week. Democrats are tying it to the larger Project 2025 proposed by Trump allies to go even further with its proposals to reshape the government. And everyone seems to agree a second term Trump could get more of this done thanks to more allies in Congress and the courts. That's NPR's Stephen Fowler in Atlanta. Thank you, Stephen. Thank you.

5:18NATO allies are gathering for a summit in Washington on the 75th anniversary of the Alliance's founding in the city, where it all began. The Alliance faces some of its biggest challenges as it looks ahead to political uncertainty in a number of countries, including the United States. Terry Schultz has covered NATO for many years and joins me now. Hi, Terry. Good morning, Leila. Good morning. So just yesterday, Russia launched one of its most brutal attacks on Ukraine to date, destroying the largest children's hospital in the country. Will this impact decisions being made at the summit? Well, Leila, NATO's actually come to expect that Russian President Vladimir Putin will do something to draw attention to himself ahead of big events like the summit.

6:00But I think in this case, this horrible hospital attack will actually reinforce support for Ukraine. And it's a longstanding plea for more air defense to block these Russian missiles and save civilian lives. So we're likely to see announcements on that at this meeting. Yeah, I was really shocked to see that hospital destroyed. I was there at the beginning of the war talking to kids being treated. We know Ukraine will not be offered membership at the summit, but what is teed up in terms of other kinds of support? That's right, no membership, but there are a few items they'll get in this summit declaration.

6:31Leaders are expected to approve, for example, handing over to NATO the coordination of training Ukrainian soldiers and the logistics of getting weapons delivered to Ukraine. Those are things the U.S. has largely headed up till now out of Wiesbaden, Germany. And the idea is that it would be NATOized or institutionalized. The final declaration will also pledge to keep NATO-wide military contributions to Ukraine at the level of 40 billion euros collectively for at least the next year. Now, Leila, these are things Secretary General Stoltenberg proposed in part specifically because he was worried about what might happen if Donald Trump is elected and follows through on those promises to cut off U.S.

7:07participation in NATO and cut off aid to Ukraine. Would this declaration really compel a potential Trump administration to support it? That's a question I also have because the declaration isn't binding and NATO doesn't have any enforcement mechanisms. So if Trump wins another term, I don't see how you hold him to these pledges. He's even indicated, of course, that he doesn't even feel bound by NATO's most sacred principle of collective security, the all for one, one for all pledge, which, by the way, as we recall, has only been ever used to help the U.S. after 9-11. And Trump has also tied U.S.

7:38solidarity to how much NATO allies, other NATO allies, spend on defense, believing that the U.S. is carrying everyone else. He definitely does. And that's been very unsettling to the alliance. And it got only more so in this campaign cycle when, as you probably remember, Trump said Russia should just do whatever the hell it wants to NATO allies under spending on defense. And that's, of course, according to this NATO goal of 2 percent of GDP. Now, 23 of the 32 allies are spending that 2%. But it's still true that there are too many military capabilities that NATO without the U.S. wouldn't have.

8:10And so allies urgently need to fill those gaps in any case. So it sounds like the allies were trying to Trump-proof NATO. Did they succeed? It's too early to know, of course. But I'm surprised by one thing. They're not going to set a new higher target for defense spending. They all know that 2 % of GDP is too low now and more ambition might be seen positively by Trump. but they're not going to do it. There's, of course, a lot of concern about how admiringly Trump seems to view Vladimir Putin. But I think people are quietly optimistic that he wouldn't actually cut off all U.S. involvement in NATO.

8:41And I think, Leila, their best Trump-proofing plan is having chosen former Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte to take over as the next Secretary General October 1st. Trump knows him. He's even described him as a friend. And Rutte obviously knew a Trump re-election was a possibility, so he must feel up to it. That's Terry Schultz reporting from Brussels. Thanks, Terry. Thanks, Leila.

9:08Next, we have news of a new approach to organ donation. It's a technique to retrieve livers, kidneys, or hearts for those in need. The overall process is well-established. People put right on their driver's licenses that they're willing to be organ donors. Their organs may save a life through a transplant. What's new here is the technique for retrieving those organs. NPR health correspondent Rob Stein got an exclusive chance to watch this happen. And I'll warn you right now that some people may feel uncomfortable with this story. Hi there, Rob. Hey there, Steve. What is the new technique? It's called NRP, which stands for Normothermic Regional Perfusion.

9:49And it involves hooking up a special external pump to the organ donor to restart circulation and sometimes the heartbeat right after the donor has been declared dead. The idea is to keep the livers, kidneys, and hearts from getting damaged. Dr. Marty Sellers is a surgeon with Tennessee Donor Services in Nashville who let me shadow him on two recent attempts to perform the NRP procedure. It's hard to overstate the importance of it. It's revolutionized the number of organs that we are able to get for transplant, and it's also improved the function that they have when they get transplanted. We are saving lives.

10:24That would have been science fiction just a few years ago. But, you know, Steve, this new way of getting organs is hugely controversial. I can imagine, but what is the issue here? Critics say restarting circulation and sometimes the heartbeat is essentially reversing the very conditions upon which the donor has just been declared dead, and that's permanent cessation of circulation. And you know, Steve, the surgeon also cuts off blood flow to the brain to make sure any brain activity doesn't resume, and that's controversial too. Alexander Capron is a lawyer and bioethicist at the University of Southern California I talked to about this.

11:02I believe the procedure raises very major ethical and legal issues, and yes, I find it disturbing. So what was it like when you witnessed this process that must feel to some people like taking the dead and briefly making them undead? It was incredibly intense, Steve. I have to say, you know, the first time I hopped on a jet in Nashville with Dr. Sellers and his team to try to retrieve a liver and two kidneys from a donor in Chattanooga. And after spending a long day and very tense night in the operating room, the procedure was canceled in the wee hours of the morning because the donor continued to breathe on her own, even after life support was withdrawn.

11:47So I flew back to Tennessee about a week later to see another attempt, this time in eastern Tennessee. Again, it was quite dramatic. There were a lot of complications again, but this time I watched for hours as Sellers was finally able to retrieve two kidneys from that donor using a modified version of NRP.

12:09It was pretty powerful and eye-opening watching all this unfold in the operating room. Here's Dr. Sellers again. I don't want to oversimplify it, but it's life or death. And while people are discussing the pros and cons of it, people are dying. During that second procedure, a surgeon from another state joined Sellers to learn how he could start doing NRP2. So, you know, Steve, it's clear this debate won't end anytime soon. Rob, thanks for creeping me out. I really appreciate it. Sure. Anytime, Steve. That's NPR Health Correspondent Rob Stein.

12:43And that's Up First for Tuesday, July 9th. I'm Leila Faldin. And I'm Steve Inskeep. Your next listen is Consider This from NPR News. Up First brings you the news of the day. Consider This goes deep on one story. Today's episode of Up First was edited by Nick Spicer, Will Stone, John Helton, Jenea Williams, and Alice Wolfley. It was produced by Ziad Butch, Ben Abrams, and Katie Klein. We get engineering support from Arthur Laurent, and our technical director is Stacey Abbott. Join us again tomorrow.

13:21Thank you.