In short
How fear and low curiosity block learning; why “input” matters; and what it means to partner with AI using curiosity, intellectual humility, and theory of mind.
Guest
Chantel Prat, cognitive neuroscientist studying individual differences in how brains make sense of the world. Background includes research on language/learning, brain variability, and theory of mind; author of The Neuroscience of You.
Key claims
If you think you already know the answer, curiosity drops and learning shuts down. Threat/insecurity (e.g., fear AI will take your job) triggers defense mechanisms that avoid new experiences. Brains adapt from inputs; every experience changes connectivity (likened to footprints in sand). People who better model others’ minds (theory of mind) outperform with AI; empathy is different from rational compassion. AI and humans co-adapt: offloading thinking can reduce skill if you never practice decisions.
Notable examples
South by Southwest “exploration vs exploitation” (chance to meet famous people like Adam Grant); “eggs Benedict” novelty dilemma; theory-of-mind twin study (reported as near-zero genetic contribution); “soul.md/person.md” style agent identity files.
Written by AI. May contain mistakes. Listen to the episode to check what was said.
Chapters
Tap a time to open that second in VOThe Importance of Input for Learning
0:46 to 3:56
Discussion on how brain adaptability and inputs shape learning and identity.
“How do you think about, as a neuroscientist with significant output requirements.”
Output Pressure vs. Input Value
3:56 to 6:23
Exploring the tension between the pressure to output and the need for input in a knowledge-rich environment.
“Anybody who listens to this podcast and anybody who listens to Mind and Headverse Private Conversations, I would say they're primarily input oriented.”
The Exploration-Exploitation Dilemma
6:23 to 9:01
Understanding the trade-off between trying new experiences versus sticking to known rewards.
“Practice and, you know, and not all, it's not always easy.”
The Average Brain and AI Models
9:01 to 12:32
Discussing the assumption of average brain function and its implications for AI interaction.
“So I wrote about this in my second book.”
Theory of Mind and Empathy in Neuroscience
12:32 to 14:03
Exploring the concept of theory of mind and its connection to empathy and understanding others.
“I mean, in some ways we would say it's unlike each of our brains, which are kind of this kaleidoscope of differences.”
Understanding Empathy and Theory of Mind
14:03 to 16:44
Explore the science behind empathy and theory of mind through neuron activity.
“So they accidentally discovered these neurons in a monkey lab.”
The Relationship Between Empathy and AI
16:44 to 19:28
Discuss how theory of mind impacts interactions with AI and the nature of empathy.
“And how good do you think AI is to do that?”
Learning Theory of Mind
19:28 to 22:37
Examine how individuals learn theory of mind and its implications for AI.
“In a way, I think there's a good reason to believe that theory of mind sometimes requires overriding that faster assumption that this thing is behaving like you.”
Offloading Thinking to AI
22:37 to 27:31
Investigate the impacts of AI on cognitive skills and decision-making.
“something that I feel very fortunate about is having a trusting relationship where you can ask and get it wrong and get feedback like that.”
Navigating Realities Without AI
27:31 to 28:00
Reflect on past navigation skills and the reliance on technology in modern life.
“And for example, I mean, I remember when we were in high school or college, you know, it was a bragging right.”
Show all 25 chapters
Navigating Without Technology
28:00 to 29:48
Explore how reliance on technology impacts our navigation skills and interpersonal connections.
“But to your point, the question isn't, am I better at knowing phone numbers?”
The Role of Humans in AI-Native Organizations
29:48 to 31:36
Understanding the necessity of human creativity in AI-driven businesses.
“On the thing on skills, maybe this is just an ask for help.”
The Challenge of Defining Creativity
31:36 to 33:48
Delve into the complexities of quantifying unique human creativity in the context of AI.
“So we have this interesting conundrum now where I might have things that I feel that I'm good at, but I might not have the vocabulary to really explain it.”
Generational Perspectives on Technology
33:48 to 35:36
Discuss how age influences our perception of new technologies and novelty.
“And so then I'm like, wait, you know, so I'm in the I'm in the world.”
Understanding Resistance to New Technologies
35:36 to 39:50
Examine why older generations may resist new technologies and how curiosity plays a role.
“It's from Douglas Adams, who's the author of the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy.”
Curiosity and Learning in the Age of AI
39:50 to 42:00
Investigate the relationship between curiosity, learning, and the integration of AI.
“So I think that new technology, including AI, is a way of highlighting our own, the biases that we already have toward newness or oldness as we move through our experiences.”
The PACE Model of Curiosity
42:00 to 45:20
Explore how prediction, appraisal, curiosity, and exploration influence learning and curiosity.
“to be almost a personality that some people seem to really be curious and like the newness and leaning to and so on.”
AI and Neural Connections: Current State
45:20 to 47:40
Discuss the current limitations of neural linking and AI brain connectivity.
“Because also, you know, some people might be really motivated to learn AI because they think maybe they're not curious, but they think this is going to be the way I get employed, right?”
The Future of Communication with AI
47:40 to 51:40
Consider how AI can enhance personal communication and understanding of self.
“We've actually talked on this show about with a couple of times about this, the opportunity space around, call it English to English translation, Jeremy English to Chantel English, right?”
AI as an Amplifier of Identity
51:40 to 54:20
Investigate the role of AI in enhancing self-identity and personal growth.
“If you ask an AI algorithm to completely mine everything I've ever written, everything that's on my desktop or my browser history, there'll be a much more truth kind of self-exploration.”
The Importance of Input for Output
54:20 to 56:03
Learn about the significance of seeking new inputs for better creativity and output.
“So now I need to make versions of me that are different, but we'll go back to that.”
The Importance of Curiosity in Learning
56:03 to 57:24
Explore how curiosity drives learning and the balance between consumption and creation.
“So for me, it's about making things, and that's where I learn stuff.”
Framing AI: Threat vs. Opportunity
57:25 to 59:26
Discuss how the framing of AI as a threat can hinder curiosity and engagement.
“You know, I thought that the whole conversation on curiosity was quite interesting to me.”
Sparking Curiosity Over Fear
59:27 to 1:00:29
Delve into strategies for fostering curiosity instead of fear around AI technology.
“It's amazing too how maybe because of the technical language or because of the number of things that you can do, I think fear is a very natural response just because it can be overwhelming.”
Community Engagement and Reflection
1:00:30 to 1:01:39
Encourage listeners to share their thoughts on overcoming fear and enhancing curiosity.
“Is my enthusiasm scaring people or getting them curious?”
Transcript
Automatic transcript. May contain errors.0:00Chantel Prat:The truth is that if you think you already know the answer, you will feel zero curiosity. And if you feel zero curiosity, your brain is not set up to learn. And that's just if you think you already know the answer. If you feel insecure, you think it could be better than you, you think it could take your job. Then it's like not just not knowing the answer, but feeling some kind of threat. That would cause you to actively sort of create these defense mechanisms and move away from this new experience, whether it's AI or a coach. Hi, I'm Chantel Pratt. I'm a cognitive neuroscientist who studies individual differences and the way brains make sense of the world.
0:38Chantel Prat:I'm really excited about this conversation and learning how AI can help us be more of ourselves and more of who we want to be in the future. How do you think about, as a neuroscientist with significant output requirements. Why is input important? And then how does one, knowing that it's important, how does one protect it? Oh, that's such a good question. Okay. First of all, why is input important? Like this is my absolute favorite thing about, well, gosh, I have a lot of favorite things about the human brain, but I think one of my favorite things is how adaptable it is, right? Like when we talk about, and I should, I should like sort of center this by saying my specialty is individual differences.
1:23Chantel Prat:So I'm always focused on the unique ways our different brains make sense of the world. And every brain really is different, shaped by our genes and our lived and imagined experiences. And I think there are lots of kind of pop psychological examples of how we miss this. We think that other people think like us, whether we think in words or pictures or, you know, how we make sense of things. But in fact, our brains are shaped by our inputs from the beginning, you know, so language is one of my areas of expertise and a newborn infant can hear all of the sounds in every language that any human makes, not perfectly, but they can make all of the distinctions and they become tuned to their environment, right?
2:10Chantel Prat:So in the place of instincts that let other animals kind of hit the ground running, we have a brain that's born to learn about our environment, how to succeed in the place that we were born in. And then from every input, our brain restructures in ways that it believes is setting us up for success in similar environments, right? So we're always learning. Every thought is a learning event. And that learning is preparing you for some imagined future. My husband, I'll give him credit, Andrea Stacco, he teaches cognitive psychology at our university. And he uses the metaphor of a footprint in the sand as the way that a memory or an experience changes your brain.
3:03Chantel Prat:So it's not the case that any idea or any input has a local effect. I mean, we've got 86 billion neurons that are, you know, tasked with this human experience. And much like a footprint in the sand, an experience makes its mark on your brain by moving probably hundreds of millions of neurons into different patterns of connectivity with one another. So newness is really, to me, it's very, very important because you might have this experience. You might remember it. You might say, oh, when I did this, this happened. But it also changes the shape of you. It changes the statistics that your brain is taking in a way that you may not be able to appreciate consciously.
3:53Chantel Prat:So for me, input is just everything. Well, I agree. I mean, I'm obsessed with input. Anybody who listens to this podcast and anybody who listens to Mind and Headverse Private Conversations, I would say they're primarily input oriented. I mean, we are input obsessives. So here's my question. As someone who has been to South by Southwest many times, you're just coming off of your South by Southwest kind of afterglow. Why is it, even for those of us who love input, there is this really challenging pressure towards output. So the way that manifests for me is when I'm at South by, I'm looking at the schedule of unknown inputs that can have indiscernible impact on my life in lots of ways.
4:34And then I've got phone calls that I can join. And I've observed in myself, sometimes I sit in my hotel room and I schedule a stupid phone call that I could do anytime. It's almost like this out-of-body experience where I'm seeing this being who supposedly, and at least theoretically, values input, who's in an input-rich environment and goes, yeah, you know what? I'm just gonna, to, I'm going to, I'm going to go to what's comfortable. Why is that? Why is it so hard to make space?
5:02Chantel Prat:We can go all the way from society to habit, to answer that question. Right. And I think it's quite interesting because on the one hand, you know, I think I didn't answer the second part of your question. How do you protect time for that? Right. Because we're rewarded for output. Right. And in fact, even your brain is taking your inputs and it's using them in ways that it things will maximize reward. So it doesn't just take this as it is. Your brain has no interest in representing your experiences as they are. Zero. There's no like, in fact, doing so would be disadvantageous. Like if you tried to process everything that was going on, most of it is not important to you.
5:45Chantel Prat:And that's how that adaptability, that experience thing starts to feed itself and make you, it can make you pointier, right? Like if you keep doing the things that have been rewarding in the past, you can get really, really good at fewer and fewer things because your brain is saying, hey, last time you had a call, you got this done. Or last time, you know, you made this connection, you opened this door. And so there's always this trade-off between let me try something new. Let me get some new inputs that might sort of shift the way I understand the world. And this thing gets me with a known output, known deliverable.
6:22Yeah.
6:23Chantel Prat:And that's exploration, exploitation. How do you personally protect it? Practice and, you know, and not all, it's not always easy. I remember in my podcast with Adam Grant, who I met at South by, which was amazing. We actually ran into each other on the escalator, which was funny, but he said, wait, neuroscientists have a knowing doing gap too. Yes, of course we do. Right. Like the thing that we're trying to study is, is ruling us as well. I think that people differ. So you're asking how I protect it for me. Learning is really important to me personally. I mean, it's what I study. Um, but it's a value, I guess I would put it as a value.
7:01Chantel Prat:So because learning feels like a reward to my brain, it makes it easier. Like I would say I need to eat. I need money to support, you know, my lifestyle. But in fact, the brain treats information rewards exactly like food rewards. The dopamine pleasure centers respond to a question that makes you feel curious, just like it would to a piece of food if you're hungry. And that varies depending on the information to be gained. And it also varies depending on the person. But for me, learning is a primary reward. So I think that I could sit here like I'm preaching this value, but it's just in my brain that's already important.
7:47One thing you made me think of is you meet Adam Grant. If you had known in advance, you'd meet Adam Grant on the escalator. It's probably worthwhile, right? Like last time I was at South by, I met Bob Metcalf. I was in a session and somebody referenced Bob Metcalf and said, he's actually up here and he waved his hand. And I'm like, wait, that's Bob Metcalf? Like Metcalf's law, Metcalf? Yeah. So after the session, I just walked up to him like, hey, you don't know who I am. but I'm a huge admirer of your law. And then we had this amazing conversation, right? If you had told me a priori, hey, dude, you're going to meet like a legend of computer science, I would have put more valence on the open-ended task of inspiration.
8:27Part of the challenge is it's an undefined reward. And when you're making decisions between, it's like a roll of the roulette wheel. It's a one in a hundred chance I'm going to meet someone world famous here, or it's a guarantee that I'm going to move some initiative forward 1%. We often will take that 100 % guarantee of a 1 % improvement.
8:52Chantel Prat:And that's exactly the space of exploring versus exploiting. And the other thing is like the older you get and the more experienced you get, the more data you have, right? So I wrote about this in my second book. I was like, do you go to the same restaurants over and over and order the thing that you know you love? Or do you like to try something new? And, you know, I'm thinking about how I love Eggs Benedict, but, you know, and I'm 51 years old and I've eaten a lot of Eggs Benedict. So I have a lot of data now about like how good an Eggs Benedict could be. You know, when you're a kid, it's like, I don't know, you got smushy this or smushy that.
9:27Chantel Prat:You don't have a lot of data. So you don't know like how good the thing that's for sure is. but you know the better you get at the game of life and the more you know like okay this eggs benedict is really this good compared to all of these other potential eggs benedict it kind of becomes a bigger gamble to try a new eggs benedict at a new place but there could be a better one out there right so that's that's the explore exploit um dilemma it's a personal breakfast dilemma and it's a it's a corporate existential dilemma and everywhere in between henrik i think heinrik i'm murdering your name say it for me please please i love the energy i'll change the topic then because i was curious on some of your uh research about the brain of being average and i was curious about your thoughts on us all using the same model when our brains are this different is that a mistake and is there anything we should do to kind of make sure that these models kind of adapt to our unique brains?
10:34And maybe just talk a little bit about the research if that's relevant.
10:37Chantel Prat:Yeah, yeah, yeah, please. I'm happy to talk about the research. So I would say the idea that we use an average brain, but I think more so we tend to assume that other people's brains work like our brains and that our brains are average. Like both of those things are, I would say mistakes. The field of social neuroscience has shown us in the past like three years that you can predict how closely people will affiliate, how good of friends they'll be based on how similarly their brains work. So the first study was actually done in a cohort of 350 or so graduate students. And they put them in a scanner and showed them lots of little vignettes and watched their brains change in response to these different inputs to go take it back to inputs.
11:25Chantel Prat:And you could decide if somebody was going to be friends or if maybe they had one friend in common, how far away on a social network they were, was highly correlated with how similarly their brains respond. And I think, you know, whether it's a mistake or not, I think what happens is when we assume that other brains work like our brains, it helps us. We get the inferences of understanding someone else right more frequently when they do. work like we do. So new research is showing that teams with brains that work differently are more effective than teams with people who have, you know, five brains that all work the same, as long as we can understand one another.
12:06Chantel Prat:So I think, is it a mistake if you're trying to work with somebody whose brain doesn't work like yours? That limits you a lot. And do you think that some people's brain works less well with the AI models if we assume that they act like a brain? So I would say some people can understand the AI better. The AI is this average. I mean, in some ways we would say it's unlike each of our brains, which are kind of this kaleidoscope of differences. The AI is closer to an average. So I think what we learned about a face is that If we take all the human faces and morph them together, we'll think that face is pretty attractive.
12:49Chantel Prat:So in some ways, I think the average AI is kind of the optimal attractiveness to all of these different brains. But I do think some people will be able to understand it better, have a better model of the AI. And I think the thing that makes us, I'm thinking about this a lot, actually. I think the thing that makes us a successful teammate with other humans probably also drives our ability to be a successful teammate with AI. And I think that that's about knowing what you're uniquely good at and knowing which areas you want to grow in and knowing where other other intelligences might be able to help you.
13:27Could you explain theory of mind? Because I think it's related to this point. For folks who aren't familiar with, we can talk about some of the research related to theory of mind and AI performance. But just start as a starting point. What is theory of mind in the world of neuroscience?
13:41Chantel Prat:It's amazing because that's a natural next step to the question I just asked about, are we getting it wrong when we try and understand others? So the most instinctive way of understanding another is through mirroring. So we have these mirror neurons. You know, we know that newborn babies will kind of mimic faces of the, you know, their caregiver. And this is probably the source of empathy or feeling with is that we have a set of neurons in the brain that when you see an action of someone else, the same neurons that are involved in causing you to do that action are involved in perceiving it in someone else.
14:24Chantel Prat:So they accidentally discovered these neurons in a monkey lab. They were looking at motor control and hand grasp. And the experimenter, it wasn't even a monkey, it was a human, made the same motion to put a treat on the board for the monkey. And the neurons that are involved in the action started firing when they saw someone else do it. So we learned that we have this special set of neurons that are both involved in recognizing a behavior and in executing that behavior. So to me, that's kind of like the putting the idea of putting yourself in someone else's shoes. And what I think is that this is our effortless way of understanding one another.
15:07Chantel Prat:This is not theory of mind. This is like a simulation. And I think that that works well if your brain works like that brain, right? Because if you see someone doing that and you're thinking that is so idiotic or that makes no sense whatsoever, that's what putting yourself in someone's shoes. It doesn't work if they are trained on a different set of inputs. It doesn't work if their brain has different set of weights. But it works if they have, you know, similar brains, which is why we find each other in the wild. Theory of mind, the way I like to describe this is that it's a way of modeling. It's an energetically expensive way of understanding another person like you would try and understand quantum physics.
15:50Chantel Prat:It's a way of learning the facts and building a model of something you can't directly see. In this case, it's someone's mind. So when we're trying to understand someone else, we have a set of observables. We have the things they say to us, the ways they behave. And rather than just saying, oh, if I were doing this, I would feel this way or I would, you know, this is what would cause my brain to do that. You can say, OK, given what I know about psychology or neuroscience or teams or blah, blah, blah, I can imagine if I take the simple premise that this person is behaving in a way that is rational to their brain based on their experiences, what might I reverse engineer?
16:34Chantel Prat:And that is what I think a theory of mind is. I think it's a frontal lobe function. I think it's energetically expensive. It's a way of trying to say, in what circumstances could this person's behavior make perfect sense based on their experiences and their values and the way their brain works? Put it together. And how good do you think AI is to do that? So when you ask it to mimic theory of your mind on yourself, do you think the output is real? Well, hang on, Henrik. So just so you're aware, the reason that I mentioned this is because there's some studies that are showing now that folks who have good theory of mind for AI, not the AI has good theory of mind of them, but individuals who possess this sense of, I think I know what it's thinking right now, actually outperform people who don't have good theory of mind.
17:32Interesting. And so I don't know how much it's related to empathy. I would actually be curious to hear your thoughts on that, Chantel. Is theory of mind close to empathy? Is it synonymous?
17:44Chantel Prat:No, I think it's actually different. And I keep citing this book. Paul Bloom wrote a book called Against Empathy, A Case for Rational Compassion. The title, I think, is very evocative because, again, empathy works when the person works like you. It helps you feel with somebody who works like you. But all of the things that enhance empathy also drive in-group, out-group biases. Interesting. Whereas rational compassion, exactly. And so I don't think empathy is the answer that everyone wants it to be. I don't think it pulls us closer. Whereas rational compassion is like thinking yourself into a place where you can feel with.
18:24Chantel Prat:Does that make sense? Like, I think empathy is fast and automatic and will bring you closer to people who you might have already been predisposed to be closer to. Whereas theory of mind is a way of trying to do the work to understand somebody who might be really showing up in a way that's really different from you. And so maybe take a stab at hypothesizing why it is that individuals who possess a strong theory of mind ability end up doing better with AI than those who don't. I would say that you're forming a more accurate model of why this algorithm is behaving the way it's behaving. Right. And I think that especially with LLMs or chatbots or things that are designed to behave, they've been trained on our linguistic behavior.
19:18Chantel Prat:So they're designed to emulate humans. So I think that's really going to bring out our bias to, you know, this is like a kind of like a thinking fast and slow thing. Our bias is going to be, well, if this thing is speaking like me, then it knows things like I know and it's behaving because X, Y, and Z. In a way, I think there's a good reason to believe that theory of mind sometimes requires overriding that faster assumption that this thing is behaving like you. And so a little bit more research is that it develops. It's not something we're born with. And it seems to be like the most compelling study I saw had a thousand pair of five-year-old twins.
20:02Chantel Prat:So that's like 2000 individuals. And theory of mind seems to be entirely learned. There was like zero genetic factor, which I've never seen like a cognitive thing that had a zero percent genetic contribution. And this was a big study. OK, so so I mean, it begs begs the question for me of how do we learn it? If you take if you take as a given one that folks that possess strong theory of mind outperform with AI and two, that's part of our kind of purview on this podcast. You are a theory of mind expert. You just said it's 100 percent learned. So this is actually this is really interesting. How do you learn theory of mind?
20:44Chantel Prat:Yeah, so I think you need to learn just like quantum physics. You need to learn the operating principles. for theory of mind, it's like you need to understand not only how minds work, but how different minds work, right? Because you're all you've always got the observables. I mean, in a lot of ways, I think that the human mind is harder to understand than quantum physics, because there are so many parameters. And again, because our default is to think that we're the same. We're all the same. We all think the same. So for me, you know, the idea is get the data My book, The Neuroscience of You, which is about brain differences and how different brains make sense of the world, goes through sort of there are seven chapters.
21:23Chantel Prat:It's called The Neuroscience of You because it's supposed to help you understand your own brain. But in every facet from like neurochemistry to laterality, how the two halves or hemispheres of your brain work differently. It talks about variability. There are little tests you can do. And so you start to learn how people differ. You know, I alluded to this idea that some people think totally in images. Some people can't create an image in the mind. And just knowing that, you know, the more you learn about these differences, the more tools you have for sort of reverse engineering. So for AI, I think it's the same thing.
21:59Chantel Prat:You need to understand how they differ. They also are not all the same. They don't have the same input. They're not designed for the same job. They're not optimized for the same rewards. So understanding, you know, what that problem space looks like. Like, and also, I think this is something, Jeremy, that you sort of pointed out to me, like asking your AI questions about itself. Maybe that was in your talk, right? Like they're an expert in them, like ask them how they were. And I think that we can do that with people too. In some ways, I might make the argument right now, and I have not had this thought for longer than five seconds.
22:30Chantel Prat:So I hope it's a good one. That AI might be a good way to practice this theory of mind building, because with people, something that I feel very fortunate about is having a trusting relationship where you can ask and get it wrong and get feedback like that. I think you're behaving this way because blah, blah, blah. Like, I'm glad you said that because that's totally wrong. You know, usually you just sound like a jerk and you get it wrong. And then that person thinks, you know, you're, you're a bad person or whatever, and they never want to talk to you again, but your AI, it's like, you can start with a, it's probably not a trusting relationship, but it's, It's a place where you can get feedback and learn how to think about thinking.
23:10Yeah. Non-judgmental for sure. That's one thing I hear from a lot of people is I find myself saying to AI things that I wouldn't say to a human because I'm self-conscious to say it to another person, but I'm not concerned about AI judging me.
23:24Chantel Prat:Yeah. So getting that feedback about how do you work? How do you learn as a practice of working it out in front of a person where you're like, here's what I think is going on. because in trusting, I think just understanding what's an assumption and what isn't. And then getting, we learn from feedback, right? To be good at theory of mind, at AI, I would want to learn how this AI was trained, what it's optimized for, like for me. And of course, my brain is tuned to the human experience. So I probably err too far on the other side of like, this is a non-living thing. Like my husband is constantly angry at me for being rude to Alexa.
24:10Chantel Prat:I'm like, I'm rude to her or them. It's just like a machine. So I don't know. I'm just like being efficient. It'll come back to haunt you on one point. Suddenly like Alexa will go like, remember there five years ago when you were being mean to me? When you called me Siri? I never forgot. That's hilarious. Can I ask you a question on the offloading stuff? When you talk about, you mentioned the systems one and system twos from thinking fast and slow. I've heard some people talk about AI now as being system three, which is basically this thing you now can offload part of your brain to. What's going to happen to the brain when we start to offload a lot of the thinking, or I guess already offloading a lot of our thinking to it?
24:56Chantel Prat:I think exactly what you suspect. So this is kind of like what I'm thinking about in centering the human in this AI teamwork. Remember that, you know, I started this conversation by saying we adapt to our environment. I think the human brain and the AI are co-adapting. so if for instance you occupied a world where you never made a decision or you never made a decision without heavy input from ai you would get worse at it that's that's just true so i think that um when i'm thinking about my future my partnership with ai i'm thinking not only what am i uniquely good at? Like, what is, what do I think that it can and can't help with?
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25:43Chantel Prat:I'm also thinking really intimately about what I want to be better at and what I don't care about being better at for these reasons, because we are going to co-adapt and whatever we off put, it should be. I think as a discerning human, I think we should think or learn and acknowledge our biases in these areas because I think it interacts with expertise. Do I think this is something that AI could be better at than I am? And certainly there are plenty of spaces for that. And is this something I don't care about being good at? So like that to me is the magic place for if we're going to offload something.
26:22Chantel Prat:And I think otherwise it's like, what do I want to be better at? How can AI help me be better at something or even point out areas for me to be better? But I think we have to be really intentional about the difference between being better and doing better because if you're you know like if you're let's say for instance something that doesn't happen anymore but used to on social media you'd like make a post and then they would say do you want this to be funnier and i would be like how rude like absolutely you think you can be funnier than me, number one. Number two, do I want my post to be funnier or do I want to be funnier?
27:02Chantel Prat:That's different, right? Because if you start just writing boring stuff and then letting it make your post funnier, I think that takes, maybe not, maybe not. Maybe you could be like, oh, that really is funny. And I learned from that. And now I want to, you know, write a post more like that. But I think you have to think about whether you want your thing to be. Well, I mean, one thing I really resonate, Chantel, with this idea of you're not going to get better at whatever you give the AI, but it's it's worth asking, what do I want to be good at? And for example, I mean, I remember when we were in high school or college, you know, it was a bragging right.
27:37Like how many phone numbers you knew. Right.
27:40Chantel Prat:I don't know if you remember this. Like and it's kind of it's a proxy for how close is our relationship, like whether I know your phone number. Right. Yeah. Right. I no longer pride myself on whether I know someone's phone number because it's irrelevant. And I have offloaded that task to a smartphone and it's no longer that there was a point in my life when I did want to be good at it. It's no longer needful. But to your point, the question isn't, am I better at knowing phone numbers? It's, am I better at being in touch? Right. Am I, if I'm more in touch with people whose numbers I know less, then actually that's a net benefit, right?
28:13If I'm less in touch, then maybe I should devote more attention to memorizing phone numbers. I don't know what the corollary is.
28:20Chantel Prat:And I think it also goes to like navigating, right? It was so funny because I just had this whole conversation with my daughter who's visiting about, I don't know why, somehow like a picture of a dance club in the 70s came up. I have no idea how this happened. The idea that people dance in the 70s, that was before my time even. But then in my time, how did we arrive at a place? How did we navigate to a place without a phone? Right. And how did we do all of these things? And I realized that navigating is a skill that to me is like if you do wind up in a new place and you don't have cell signal or your phone dies and people like forgot how to ask for directions or you have no sense of where your hotel is compared to where you are.
29:08Chantel Prat:And that's interesting. And not everybody cares about that. And some people do. but almost everybody is worse at it than they were when I was a kid, you know, and I told her about like me one time trying to, I was skipping school and trying to wind up. I'm from California. I was trying to wind up in Santa Cruz at the beach and I went the totally wrong way and wound up at my dad's house in the middle of a day where I was supposed to be in school. And it was like 200 miles the wrong direction, but I thought these things were familiar and I could navigate in this way and I could learn, but it was just, it's different, right?
29:42Chantel Prat:So it's not that that's better or worse. I just think that we want to be mindful about what we want to be good at and what we want to do well, because those are not like produce well, because I don't think those are the same. On the thing on skills, maybe this is just an ask for help. So I've been going through a bunch of organizations that are trying to kind of re-found themselves, you know, to become AI native. And one of the things we've done is we've identified where do you need humans in the loop and where do you need specifically humans in the loop for that organization? Because it could be humans in the loop somewhere else, right?
30:15Like, so for BarkBox, for example, we make dog toys. And one of the humans we need in the loop is a guy called Derek. He make, you know, he's the head of design and he makes what we think is BarkMagic. He makes these crazy, quirky, wonderful toys that no AI algorithm can make right now, right? And he and his team.
30:33Chantel Prat:Like this? Like my radish? Oh, my bark box radish. Oh, that makes me so happy. Thank you, Derek. Oh, thank you, Derek. But here's the question for you. And here's like the thing that's a mind knuffle for me. The more that I'm trying to define what is it that Derek can do, almost the less I need Derek to do it. because the sheer fact that it's difficult to explain what his cryptic mind kind of creates, it makes it more difficult for me to get an AI algorithm to do it. And so how should I think about this thing of the uniqueness of the brain when there's like this urge and need for corporate America to define everything, put OKRs on it, put K...
31:21I've literally had this conversation where somebody asked me, what's the KPI of Bark Magic? and be like, you can't freaking define it. That's the whole point. Do you understand what I'm trying to get to? It's like, we have this interesting thing where you say, what do you want to be good at? It wouldn't be magic. Exactly right. So we have this interesting conundrum now where I might have things that I feel that I'm good at, but I might not have the vocabulary to really explain it. And the better I become of explaining it, the less it becomes a unique quality of mine.
31:52Chantel Prat:Yeah, I would say I think this is a problem I can't solve for you because I'm really in it. So I can give you my version of this is like there was an experiment that came out in Nature in 2025 where a large language model was trained on like 60 ,000 pieces. Maybe this is an extreme example, but I believe it's my lane of the same question. So they fed this large language model experimental data from 60 ,000 different tests. There are 625 tasks and tons of tons of undergraduates doing these tasks. And the model could learn to predict behavior better than any existing cognitive model designed for one type of task.
32:42Chantel Prat:And so I found myself asking the question, like, this model does not think. It really does not have. First of all, it's doing dramatically different tasks in exactly the same way, using exactly the same statistics. So whatever it's doing, it's doing, it's behaving like a human using a very different mechanism that humans use. But I found myself asking like, OK, I'm a cognitive psychologist. So my whole jam is understanding the black box, understanding how attention and memory and procedural knowledge, all the things you can and can't describe, limit, constrain and support human behavior. But I'm like, if we don't need it, you know, if this model can do it without those things, am I trapped?
33:29Chantel Prat:Is cognition real? Is that like we don't know what consciousness is. Right. So, like, I think that what you're describing is like, how do we think about this thing if we can't quantify it? If we can't put it into words, which is now the coin of the realm, because the large language models know what they know by reverse engineering our language. Is it important or what is it? And so then I'm like, wait, you know, so I'm in the I'm in the world. in this sort of identity crisis where it's like, am I the human mind trapped in the, is the human mind even like useful? Is it limiting? You know, so I'm sorry.
34:03Chantel Prat:I can't solve that problem, but I think I understand it. It sounds like at the very least, Derek has job security. And I think that's really the important thing. You definitely have job security. I had one question that I wanted to go to, like a totally different direction, but Henrik, do you want to wrap this one? You started talking after I, I think. No, but if somebody, I mean, I tell you like, Like after all these years, when somebody shows you a product in the wild, it still like makes your day. Like it makes me so profound happy. So like I'm still a little high over that. So thank you so much.
34:34No, take it away. So I didn't even know that about you, but I've been a BarkBox subscriber for maybe eight years or seven years.
34:44Chantel Prat:So I mean, and I'm tailoring that to my dogs. And I know if they're a thrasher or a this or a that. So you got the individual differences in there. We got a three dog subscription. Oh my goodness. And they know, like now it's a bark bag. It's not a bark box, but they somehow know when that thing comes in the door, they're just like, and I love it. It's because don't you spray it with like bacon perfume, Henrik? Isn't that right? That's how they know. We did used to do that. Okay. So, so I have, I have kind of a different direction that I want to take this. I'm very curious from your kind of psychology expertise and what we were talking about earlier, kind of going back to the beginning of the conversation with novelty, with learning.
35:26And I wonder if there are differences in regards to age. You know, and you mentioned that like a Holland days at 51 or is very different than a Holland days at 15. So I keep thinking of this hitchhiker's quote, or I'm actually going to read it. It's from Douglas Adams, who's the author of the Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. He wrote this in a nonfiction piece. He said, and I quote, I've come up with a set of rules that describe our reactions to technologies as people. One is anything that's in the world when you're born is normal and ordinary. It's just a natural part of the way the world works.
35:57Two is anything that's invented between when you're 15 and 35 is new and exciting and revolutionary and you can probably get a career in it. Three is anything invented after you're 35 is against the natural order of things, which is just perfect, right? And I wonder, could you talk about why that is from a neurological perspective? And then what are what are the and then maybe we could just have a conversation on what are the implications of that on humans today in the age of A.I.? But like, why does that progression happen from its normal to its exciting to its against normality over the course of, say, 40 years of life?
36:32Chantel Prat:I think your intuition and what a brilliant what a brilliant quote. I think your intuition that it's about eggs Benedict is correct or that it's related is like, you know, of course, like when you're born, you have no statistics, you have no expectations. And so if it was there when you were born, then it's in the water. And I think this is the same thing also with like it might have been there is like when we have cross-cultural experiences, right? Or we meet somebody who works differently than us. Like if it's true of us, if it's true of the environment we inhabit when we're born, it's in the water.
37:05Chantel Prat:it's taken for granted. It's normal. But, you know, up through sort of our teenage and becoming years, again, you could actually probably plot this. So I would go like one step nerdier, if you don't mind, and say that it depends on the type of input. So things like wavelength of light, for instance, you know, you might be like three or four years old, and that you've like experienced for all the variety there is. You've experienced all the wavelengths of light that your retina can detect. And so your brain kind of closes and it's like, there are this many colors. And by the way, people actually, some people have four cones.
37:42Chantel Prat:Some people have two cones. So like even that is a thing that we may experience differently. And we don't even have names for the colors that people who have four cones. But anyway, I digress. But whatever you have, when it stops changing, your brain goes, boom, that's the way it is. And I'm not taking in new things. So there are different types of input that vary over your lifespan. And once you've gotten like this many statistics and you're like this, it's not changing anymore, like then that kind of concept crystallizes. And so in teenage years, these kind of open things, you know, these relational things, these what are my future potential things, I think are still really, you're trying to figure out who you are, how you're different from others and who you wanna be when you grow up.
38:27Chantel Prat:So I think that the tools around you are just an exciting kind of. It's a way to pull it in, incorporate it. Yeah. Right. And not even only the tools, but the culture around the tools. Right. So I think that like. Interesting. If there was a new tool and somehow it became unpopular with a, like a up and coming generation, then I think people, especially imagine that a new technology was created specifically for older people. So like, I don't know, monitor their children or so, you know, like I think that it's probably like a cultural thing too. But I think that this statistic taking and like, what do I think the likelihood of this technology or this kind of input leading me to good things?
39:12Chantel Prat:As you become older, you think you've figured the game out. You really feel pretty confident about your eggs, Benedict, and your career and your skills. Not everybody. But on average, you know, with more data, things start to level out, especially if you have a kind of narrow pocket of expertise, I think, then this new disruptive thing, right? I think truthfully, the likelihood that any new thing is going to be better than what you already know goes down as you have accumulated a lifetime of experiences. So I think that new technology, including AI, is a way of highlighting our own, the biases that we already have toward newness or oldness as we move through our experiences.
40:07Chantel Prat:And I'm seeing this in my lab. And after our first conversation, Jeremy, I'm thinking about this a lot because what I'm observing and the people around me is that some younger people who don't know the game and don't know what works are very eager to have other people tell them what works. They're very eager for advice. And those I think are more eager to sort of have AI do a thing for them or show them how to do a thing or make decisions for them because they don't have a history of success. And I think that, you know, as I checked in with myself and on this panel, I was on an AI at South by Southwest.
40:45Chantel Prat:I said, you know, these same students are probably too willing to trust me when I tell them like a thing is the right thing to do. And so I'm really thinking about teaching them how to discern advice, whether it's coming from me or AI or their boss or whatever, like how to be a critical thinker in the face of advice. advice whereas someone like me or somebody you know 10 years older than me might be overly convinced that they already know the right thing so i i talk about intellectual humility and how you know i said learning is a key value for me but the truth is that if you think you already know the answer you will feel zero curiosity and if you feel zero curiosity your brain is not set up to learn and that's just if you think you already know the answer that doesn't have anything to do with if you have a skin in the game, you think this thing could, you know, if you feel insecure, you think it could be better than you, you think it could take your job, then it's like not just not knowing the answer, but feeling some kind of threat.
41:44Chantel Prat:That would cause you to actively sort of create these defense mechanisms and move away from this new experience, whether it's AI or a coach. But it doesn't seem to be just an age thing if people are good or bad at AI. There seem to be almost a personality that some people seem to really be curious and like the newness and leaning to and so on. What do you think makes the difference between people who are kind of good at it or not? Well, I would say, I don't know. That's the first thing I would say in the space of intellectual humility. Our brains do give us a recipe for curiosity, which I think is important.
42:25Chantel Prat:What I don't know is, are people better or worse at it at time one, or are people more or less willing to learn how to work with it? So from my perspective, I would guess that the biggest difference is how willing someone is to learn and to partner with it. So one of my favorite models of curiosity by Matthias Gruber and Charon Ranganath is called the PACE model. And like I said in the beginning of our conversation, when your brain sees that there's a possible information reward in the future, it responds in the same way it would if it sees calories out there to be glad. It gives you dopamine.
43:05Chantel Prat:It gives you something that dopamine is a feel good chemical, but it also energizes learning. And it's also a neuroplasticity catalyst. If I asked you two questions, um, give you two trivia questions and asked you, do you, and you didn't know the answer to either, but you are more curious about one than the other. And then I give you the answer to both. You're going to remember the one that you were more curious about because your brain is saying, I think that reward is going to be more important. So it gives you dopamine up front, which actually lets you lay the memory. So I think curiosity is really key, but curiosity requires some preconditions and the first precondition.
43:45Chantel Prat:So the P in the PACE model is prediction. So you need to know that you don't know. You need to be aware that this is something new, so unfamiliar. So your previous predictions fail. And that's where if you think you know the answer or you think you're already perfect at this thing, you think there's no growth edge, you won't feel curious. But the second is really critical. And I think this is probably the biggest barrier for AI, and that's appraisal. A is appraisal, and that's appraisal of safety. So imagine that you find yourself in a new neighborhood. You make a wrong turn. You thought this was going to be the place where your favorite, I was going to say record shop.
44:24Chantel Prat:Like I have not been. Go there. Go there. To Tower Records. You know that you're safe. There's a Virgin Record store. Totally. We're tracking with you. That was strange. My brain. But, um, you know, are you excited to explore this neighborhood? Are you trying to get the hell out? There's a safety component there because, you know, we think curiosity is good and it is, but also we know curiosity got the cat killed. When your brain is curious, it actually turns down the signal on things associated with the risk of the unknown. So before it makes you feel curious, it says, am I safe here? And I think that in the space of AI, we're talking about psychological safety, job safety, evaluative safety, like as someone else, you know, monitoring my performance, all of that stuff.
45:10Chantel Prat:So if you understand that there's a growth opportunity and if you feel safe, then that's predict, appraise. The curiosity is the third step. And the fourth is exploration. So I suspect that it's mostly safety. Yeah. Because also, you know, some people might be really motivated to learn AI because they think maybe they're not curious, but they think this is going to be the way I get employed, right? Or like their employer has thrown a carrot, like the first person to use this is going to blah, blah, blah. So you could be motivated for different ways, but that the curiosity is intrinsically a driver for E, which is exploration.
45:53Chantel Prat:And it also just helps you learn better. So given the same number of experiences, the same skills, the same background, if you feel curious instead of threatened, the benefit you'll get from each interaction with AI will be higher. My last question for you is you worked on kind of neural linking stuff, right? Brain to brain stuff. So how far are we from us being connected to these AI brains? What will happen? Give us kind of like the neat to know of what we're about to endeavor. Far. We're really far, honestly. And even then, I mean, the resolution, I say we're closer because we have different technologies for stimulating the brain.
46:38Chantel Prat:So we can read out what's happening in a brain with very high fidelity. Like we can tell which object a person is thinking about with pretty high accuracy in a if you put them in a tube and they lay still, not when they're moving around in the world. But to encode an idea into someone's brain, we have like, we're just very, very far away from the technology. I mean, the things that we did once upon a time were sledgehammer level, like, you know, make a wrist twitch and make someone hit a button, like nowhere near sort of tip inception level thoughts. what I said then is still true. Like the best kind of mind control is words.
47:17Chantel Prat:And even that is very, very imperfect. But like what we could do by forcing someone to sit still and tipping neurons out of whack is so much more expensive and less effective than saying a thing to them that I can't imagine that that's going to change our world dramatically. I think the reading out and translating, maybe having an AI in the middle, somebody who can read from my brain, read from your brain and get some kind of a codex that helps you communicate and find alignment if your theory of mind sucks. I think that would be exciting. We've actually talked on this show about with a couple of times about this, the opportunity space around, call it English to English translation, Jeremy English to Chantel English, right?
48:00Or the transmission and the reception, you know, you could encode it by Enneagram, right? If you're an Enneagram five, the way you hear something or whatever. But I think that codex idea is really cool. And I don't think many people are kind of scratching the surface right now, but I don't know why you wouldn't, in a team especially, why you wouldn't have your whole team's Enneagram numbers and then say, hey, how am I going to tell Henrik this? Well, the way it's communicating Henrik is XYZ. I've seen recently on a bunch of these founder email chains that people are creating these mockdown files that we are creating anyways for all these agents we are creating.
48:39So the soul.md and all these like person.md files that are creating out of OpenClaw. People now start to share that with each other so that as a way to basically say, this is who I am. And so if you're going to try to communicate or have your agent to communicate with me, here's a way for you to do that exact thing. And so - It strikes me that there's some hubris there Because in a way you set yourself up to being uniquely exploited. It's like, here's my DNA, feel free to do something. You know what I mean? Like if someone knows exactly how to communicate with you, it stands to reason they probably know exactly how to exploit you.
49:21I mean, going back to Chantel, your statement that words are the best way to incept an idea. If someone knows perfectly how I mean, I don't I don't have the scientific language for this. Right. But it's like, I know that acai berry absorbs a free radical. Right. It's like, you know, the acai berry that's going to make Henrik say yes. It's somewhere in that. Yeah, it's like the sold out in the file there. Right.
49:49Chantel Prat:I want to add one little thing to that. I think it's fascinating. This idea is fascinating, even though I can only barely understand what you guys are. I do know what a markdown file is, but I can only barely understand what format that would take. It strikes me that like my Instagram algorithm understands things about me that I don't understand about myself. And I try and reverse engineer it. I'm like, wow, I'm getting a lot of like porcupines eating crunchy food. What does that tell me about me? And so in some way, like having, it is a huge amount of feedback, these things that have your behavior and that learn to give you the inputs that work for you have a different level of awareness.
50:28Chantel Prat:It's kind of like your, you know, your partner. Not all of it is when you were trying to describe the job of Derek, is that the magician? They have a lot of information about you that they can make explicit that you might not have about yourself. And I think that could be a really important, even a self tool. And then you decide what you want to share or how you want to share, you know, it'd be great if there was like sliders. I'll take 75%, 25 % transparency or only sharing this, not this. Yeah, and I think, you know, because I do think that obviously with the best way to predict the future is to make it, right?
51:00And I think in many ways, when we created all these social media tools, we thought we were just making it exciting to share pictures of food. And little did we know, we were like destroying a whole generation's mental health. But I think if you take AI, I think obviously a lot of us who are building in this space now are trying to be very self-aware that we're not making the same mistake. And I do think that this can go two ways. To Jeremy's point, it can be used as something to be super manipulative, but it could also be something to really communicate much more about our true self, right? Whereas social media, if you're showing me in a dating profile through my social media profile, it would be all the vain thing that I want the world to see about me.
51:41If you ask an AI algorithm to completely mine everything I've ever written, everything that's on my desktop or my browser history, there'll be a much more truth kind of self-exploration. This is a Dan Shipper kind of point. And so I'll make sure to give him credit. And so I do think that there's this interesting argument that AI, while much more kind of intimate and intrusive, could also be something that could make us much more earnest and show much more of a broad spectrum to the world of ourselves. And that could be a good thing. Right.
52:16Chantel Prat:And to Jeremy's point, objective and nonjudgmental. Because we're always going to turn up the volume on the things that society has told us is good. Right, right. I really like that in the space of what do you want to be better at? I like the idea of partnering with AI to learn to be better at yourself and maybe to learn how to teach others how to communicate with you. Also sharing the sort of vulnerability and skepticism about giving people that code. Well, you know, I'll build on that. Maybe we can wrap here. I think to our closing remarks. But I was at a company on the East Coast a couple weeks ago on as being interviewed in a fireside chat.
52:54And one of the questions, it was an entertainment company. And so one of the questions that had come up is, is AI more creative than people? You know, it's kind of a typical question. And I found myself saying in that moment, I'm actually the comparison that I want to make is, am I Jeremy or not? Is it more blank than me? But am I more me than me with this? Right. And to me, that's actually the exciting kind of possibility space is how do we become more ourselves? I'm not so interested in the comparison between me and I. But wow, Jeremy augmented by AI to be more of who he wants to be. That's quite exciting to me.
53:41Can I just add a one point? And then I think we're about to get you out on time. I just wrote a piece on this, and I do think it's very important. One of the things that I've learned as I use AI a lot is that I need to understand myself much better for AI to really be an amplifier of what I want to be more of. But that requires all this self-work to figure out what are my core principles, what are my first principles, and all those different things. And so I've been trying to take basically all the work I do with my coach and then try to morph that into instructions to the agents that I have working for me so that they can now come back and present stuff that is more me.
54:18Which then is a little bit of a mindfuck when you then say, well, I also need a much more diverse set of thinking. So now I need to make versions of me that are different, but we'll go back to that.
54:27Chantel Prat:More me and less me. Yeah, exactly. Much less of more me. Thank you. You're amazing. This was so fun. Jeremy Utley.
54:41People thought they'll get like a conversation about the conversation, but no, they're getting a sing-along. It's, you know, hopefully we are pitch perfect, as they say. That's because Shatel has such a good energy, huh? Like you kind of feel a little bit chipper after the conversation. Yeah, absolutely. Anybody coming from South by, I feel like they get the South by vibes. She clearly was inspired, you know, for you and me both, right. It's this idea of seeking input. I mean, she kind of before we were recording and then it was kind of, we started recording and then we weren't sure if we were recording yet.
55:13So I don't know exactly what folks will hear, but the whole premise of not knowing what you're going to learn going somewhere for the purpose of provocation, but not exactly knowing what the provocation will be. And how do you grapple with that as a successful person who's, who has opportunity costs to their time and who has kind of known deliverables with known value? How do you carve out space for inspiration? It's something that I feel like in the totality of our experience we had with Chantel was, was foregrounded a lot. What do you think about that, No, I think you're 100 % right. I think without good input, there will be no good output.
55:52And I think sometimes when I feel a little bit uninspired, it is basically because I've said the same bullshit over and over again, and I haven't really been out sucking in some information. And so I think for me, it's about making us thinking. So for me, it's about making things, and that's where I learn stuff. And I think you have to be disciplined about it. To your point, it's so easy to say, no, I should not listen to a podcast, or no, I shouldn't read an extra book, or no, I shouldn't go to this conference because I have other things to do. But yeah, it's almost like working out. You need to mentally make sure you don't get obese.
56:24Yeah. There's always, I mean, at the same time, what's interesting is consumption can be really gratifying in and of itself. You know, it's almost consumption for consumption sake rather than consumption for the purpose of advancing. You know, I heard Danny Meyer say once, ABCD to ABCD, always be collecting dots. So you can always be connecting dots. And the consumption is really collection, but the purpose of collection is connection. And so I think there's that, you know, tension and almost commitment to yourself, both to get inspired, but also to do something with the inspiration. Maybe that's the yin yang, I think, of work that you do.
57:06And I guess I do in part is that we get asked to go out and speak places and that forces you then to create an output. And so that is often the way that you connect the dots, right? Because you're being paid to say something interesting. Speaking of interesting, what do you think we should highlight from Chantel? You know, I thought that the whole conversation on curiosity was quite interesting to me. That your question I thought was quite insightful about if it's not age, what accounts for the difference in someone's willingness to engage with AI and the idea of curiosity. And she had mentioned the PACE model prediction appraisal, which precede curiosity and exploration.
57:48I thought the whole question about safety was really fascinating. And because AI is so often framed as a threat and is so often framed as something to be defended against, It's almost, it's the way it's framed prevents curiosity. And I thought, wow, if organizations really knew that speaking about AI in a way that is threatening keeps their people from being curious, I think they would speak about it differently. I 100 % agree. I mean, that was my biggest takeaway also, but I think it was quite a big unlock. I have this thought, and I think maybe we took it for something you said, but that there is these four steps of people going through AI learnings.
58:32Maybe I think it's Bryce who brought this up in a conversation we had, where one is you kind of use AI as Google. Two, you start to have a conversation with it. Three, you start to add context to it, maybe connect it to databases or MCP servers. And four, you start to kind of program or you create autonomous agents that go out and do stuff for you. And the thing that becomes increasingly complicated is that the more you're kind of in phase three, four, the harder it is for people who are in phase one, two, to understand what the hell you're talking about. There's no emotional really connection.
59:03It's like talking about having children to people who don't have children. But what I don't think I ever realized was it's not necessarily just a understanding. It's also a feeling of safety that when you start to talk about all these amazing agents you have running around doing stuff, then people are not getting curious about it. They're just getting increasingly scared. And so you need to find a way, even as an AI kind of educator, to maybe even just kind of like label that and saying, hey, and I think that's some of the stuff you do very well at your talks is that you do talk about these things in a very non-scary way, which I think is the reason why you invite people in that learning journey.
59:54It's amazing too how maybe because of the technical language or because of the number of things that you can do, I think fear is a very natural response just because it can be overwhelming. And it's a worthy kind of challenge. I don't have any ready answers, but it's a worthy challenge to say, how do we spark people's curiosity rather than trigger their fear? I think In fact, maybe just like sitting with that question and asking our audience even to sit with it, especially, you know, folks who listen to this show who are more AI forward, more AI native. It's almost like a good soul searching question.
1:00:30Is my enthusiasm scaring people or getting them curious? And what can I do with my enthusiasm to shift from kind of a threat to excitement? I did a workshop the other day with some folks and I, in a little bit of a different way, but kind of started the whole conversation about that, saying, you know, labeling this thing that I felt often that people got more scared than they got excited. And I think even by saying that out loud, it kind of had a big result. And so I think what you're saying resonates a lot. And so I think maybe, yeah, that would be my big takeaway after the conversation today.
1:01:09We'd love to hear. Maybe this is a cool spot for if folks listen and they have thoughts, drop comments in the YouTube comments and the podcast comments or feel free to write us as well. Let us know what are ways that you have found helpful to help people overcome fear and spark curiosity instead. I think we'd love to treat this as a community learning opportunity. And with that, I think we're going to say goodbye. Bye-bye. Bye-bye.
From the publisher
Chantel Prat studies how different brains make sense of the world. Her work starts from a simple idea: every experience leaves a mark. The inputs we consume shape how we think, what we notice, and ultimately who we become.
The conversation explores why people often choose familiar rewards over uncertain opportunities to learn. Chantel explains the tension between exploration and exploitation, why curiosity is essential for growth, and how fear can prevent us from engaging with new technologies like AI.
They also discuss theory of mind, cognitive offloading, and what happens when we increasingly rely on AI for thinking. The goal is not simply to do better work, but to use AI in ways that help us become better versions of ourselves.
Key Takeaways:
- Curiosity requires safety
When people feel threatened, they become defensive rather than exploratory. Fear gets in the way of learning. - Better inputs create better outputs
Every experience leaves a footprint on the brain. The ideas, conversations, and information we consume shape how we think and who we become. - We naturally favor certainty over exploration
Our brains are biased toward familiar rewards, even when something new may offer greater long-term value. - Curiosity starts with admitting you might be wrong
Learning requires recognizing that you do not already have the answer. Without that openness, exploration never begins. - Use AI to become better, not just produce more
The most important question is not what AI can do for you, but what you still want to get better at yourself.
Chantel Prat: linktr.ee/chantelprat
The Neuroscience of You: The-Neuroscience-of-you/book
00:00 Curiosity Versus Threat
00:31 Meet Chantel Prat
01:02 Why Input Shapes Brains
04:08 The Output Pressure Trap
05:52 Exploration Versus Exploitation
10:05 Average Brains And Teams
15:35 Theory Of Mind Defined
22:12 Practicing With AI Feedback
24:31 Offloading Thinking To AI
29:50 Humans In The Loop
35:16 Age And Tech Reactions
42:15 Why Curiosity Requires Safety
48:15 Personal Codex And AI
50:54 Becoming More Yourself
54:34 The Debrief
📜 Read the transcript for this episode:
For more prompts, tips, and AI tools. Check out our website: https://www.beyondtheprompt.ai/ or follow Jeremy or Henrik on Linkedin:
Henrik: https://www.linkedin.com/in/werdelin
Jeremy: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jeremyutley
Show edited by Emma Cecilie Jensen.




