In short
“Underground Man problem” (Vellman/Dostoevsky) as a cycle of abstraction, indecision, nihilism, arrogance, and collapse; how dissociation can be volitional (adaptive) vs pathological; and how prayer/rites can “re-center” the self toward God and ontocentric agency.
Guests
Ethan (co-host) and John (main host). Named contributors/figures discussed: Mark Miller (former student; cognitive science of happiness course), Corbin (imaginal/ontological bridge), Patrick McNamara (dis-entering/disruptive strategies; pivotal mental states), Carl Friston (predictive processing), Paula Thompson (volitional dissociation), Cynthia Beauregard (types of prayer), Bishop Maximus, Nicole Barden, William Desmond, St. John of the Cross, Augustine, Buddha, Jesus, Andy Clark, Carl Friston.
Key claims
Abstraction can sever motivation from the world, producing “radical indecisiveness” and “radical irresponsibility,” making the underground man an “asshole nihilist.” Vedanta/Buddhism/Zen avoid this by non-duality that reconnects agency to reality (“intimate universal”). Dissociation can temporarily break ossified self-structures so agency can reorganize; pathological cases fracture beyond repair. Re-centering prayer shifts from petitionary egocentrism to sensed presence of God.
Notable examples
Hamlet as the abstraction loop; “nowhere man” (Beatles); inflation-to-collapse; centering prayer transforming “may I live forever” into “may I live so deeply that I don’t want to live forever”; Moonlight Sonata as primordial vs ultimacy sacredness.
Written by AI. May contain mistakes. Listen to the episode to check what was said.
Chapters
Tap a time to open that second in VOMark Miller's Course Announcement
3:56 to 7:40
Discussion about Mark Miller's upcoming course and his background.
“I will introduce a kind of like the theme just around it first, make a proposal for where I'm at with it, and then we can take it from there, basically.”
Exploring the Underground Man Problem
7:40 to 14:02
Discussion on the concept of the underground man problem and its implications.
“And you're making reference to Dostoevsky's powerful novel in which everybody reliably says, I hate the underground man.”
Inflation and Collapse: The Underground Man's Struggle
14:02 to 17:04
Explore the cyclical patterns of inflation and collapse experienced by the underground man.
“Is it like just that bit when you said vacillating, you know, I reminded of when I was like much younger, I would experience something like, it's a warped kind of certainty.”
Cultural Reflections on the Underground Man Problem
17:04 to 20:38
Discuss the vacillation in culture and the implications of the underground man's existential struggle.
“I think that put those two together and you get an excellent understanding.”
Vedanta and Non-Duality: A Path to Agency
20:38 to 25:38
Understand how Vedanta offers a solution to the issues of agency and selfhood through non-duality.
“Like he's not, he's just an amoral, like he's not Kurtz, like Kurtz's or Ahab, there's something like, oh, they're impressive individuals.”
Dissociation: The Cognitive Science Perspective
25:38 to 28:00
Investigate the cognitive science of dissociation and its implications for agency and selfhood.
“That's what happens at the peak of Neoplatonism.”
Understanding Dissociative Disorders and Volitional Dissociation
28:00 to 29:14
Explore how individuals with dissociative disorders engage in predictive processing despite fragmented selves.
“or in some serious cases there's a structural like multiplying or fracturing of alters or a sense of otherness within the intrapsychically, right, that may or may not know about each other.”
The Role of Multiple Perspectives in Selfhood
29:14 to 31:08
Learn about the concept of 'I positions' and how narrative binds these perspectives into a cohesive self.
“The problem is that, and this is something Patrick McNamara makes very clear, is, but you have a stack, right?”
Dissociation as a Tool for Reorganization
31:08 to 34:23
Understand how controlled dissociation can facilitate personal growth and agency evolution.
“And it's a prioritization of both the kind of processing, the level of processing, and then that entails the scope and acuity of the processing that's going on there.”
Navigating the Pathological vs. Healthy Dissociation
34:23 to 38:20
Discuss the differences between healthy and pathological forms of dissociation and their implications on personal development.
“is it actually does these disruptive strategies to break down, right, sort of stabilized structures that have ossified in order to afford evolvability of our agency, our selfhood, and our personhood.”
Show all 22 chapters
The Interweaving of Being and Non-Being
38:20 to 41:28
Investigate how the interplay of being and non-being shapes the self and its development.
“I mean, the idea is that dissociation, disruptive strategies, entropy introduction are part of, an irremovable part of development.”
Prayer and Ritual in Context
41:28 to 42:00
Examine the nuances of different types of prayer and their roles in personal transformation and community.
“And there has been a movement on Cynthia Beauregard is, you know, one of the main figures.”
Exploring Different Types of Prayer
42:00 to 43:50
Learn about the distinctions between petitionary and centering prayer.
“And Britt, if you happen to see this, you and I will be talking again, no doubt, soon.”
The Nature of Dialogical Prayer
43:50 to 46:40
Understand how prayer functions as a dialogical process with a personal aspect.
“I've reached out to Patrick and I think his work is fantastic and we're going to be talking soon.”
Concrete Examples of Re-centering Prayer
46:40 to 49:10
Hear practical examples of how re-centering prayer can manifest in daily life.
“An example of trying to do this, you can do it very concretely.”
Community and Kinship in Spiritual Practice
49:10 to 52:10
Discuss the importance of community and kinship in spiritual growth and practice.
“Small technical thing I want to add to this.”
Understanding Primordiality and Ultimacy
52:10 to 56:00
Dive into the concepts of primordiality and ultimacy in relation to the self and the sacred.
“So this is, but this also folds in, I think, a thread into Lauren's question.”
Exploring the Primordial and Spiritual
56:00 to 1:03:09
Dr. Vervaeke discusses concepts of the sacred, intuition, and how they manifest in human experience.
“So, first of all, I'm continually surprised in a good way by the sophistication of my students.”
Personal Reflections on Spiritual Transformation
1:03:10 to 1:07:47
Dr. Vervaeke shares personal experiences of spiritual transformation and the interplay of intuition and insight.
“And when I first read that, you know, a chill went through me because the ultimate and the primordial were one, not logically one, they were one.”
Sports and Flow States in Life
1:07:47 to 1:10:00
Discussion on the role of sports in achieving flow states and their philosophical implications.
“be my the final thing i'd want to say about that would we have time to take questions from the chat?”
Returning to the Perspectival Standpoint
1:10:00 to 1:13:29
John discusses methods for centering oneself amidst ambiguity and temptation.
“So I'm reading, I'm scanning the chat for questions.”
The Underground Woman Problem and Compassion
1:13:30 to 1:21:08
Exploring the complexities of caregiving, agency, and drawing from profound compassion without losing oneself.
“That's the other that is me, that is tempting me, that constitutes Soferson.”
Transcript
Automatic transcript. May contain errors.0:00Ever notice how ads always pop up at the worst moments? When the killer's identity is about to be revealed. During that perfect meditation flow. On Amazon Music, we believe in keeping you in the moment. That's why we've got millions of ad-free podcast episodes, so you can stay completely immersed in every story, every reveal, every breath. Download the Amazon Music app and start listening to your favorite podcasts ad-free, included with Prime.
0:55the reduced calorie diet and increased physical activity. Z-Bound is approved as a 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, or 15 milligram injection. Z-Bound contains terzepatide and should not be used with other terzepatide-containing products or any GLP-1 receptor agonist medicines. It is not known if Z-Bound is safe and effective for use in children. Do not share needles or pens or reuse needles. Don't take Z-Bound if allergic to it or if you or someone in your family had medullary thyroid cancer or multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2. Tell your doctor if you get a lump or swelling in your neck. Stop ZEP bound and call your doctor if you have severe stomach pain or a serious allergic reaction.
1:30Severe side effects may include inflamed pancreas or gall bladder problems. Tell your doctor if you experience vision changes, depression, or suicidal thoughts before scheduled procedures with anesthesia. If you're nursing, pregnant, planned to be, or taking birth control pills, taking ZEP bound with a sulfonylurea or insulin may cause low blood sugar. Side effects include nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting, which can cause dehydration and and worsen kidney problems. Talk to your doctor. Call 1-800-545-5979 or visit setbound.lily.com. Setbound and its delivery device base in QuickPen are registered trademarks owned or licensed by Eli Lilly and Company, its subsidiaries or affiliates.
2:22Welcome, everyone, to our regular lectern Q &A. And I'm here, as usual, with Ethan. And Ethan's laughing because I'm happy because it looks like maybe this time it hasn't glitched out. And we were able just to turn it on and go live. We've been battling with this, especially Ben in the background, doing so much for several months. there's continual shifting with the software but anyways here we are we're ready to go and as usual I'm gonna turn things over to Ethan. Awesome, well welcome everybody to the Lightturn Q &A we do these monthly. As of 2026 we've decided to shift them from just being on the Lightturn to also being on the channel live so that you guys can join.
3:11For those of you not familiar we have pre-submitted questions from members on the Lightturn which I'll ask John about they revolve around the theme that we have for today's Q &A and then we'll also be able to take advantage of the fact that YouTube has a chat so that we can perhaps answer if we have time some questions from the YouTube chat. Now for those of you who are on Riverside on your desktop watching this you can also hit at the bottom there's a big button that says call in live and we'll be able to see you dialing in, let you in, and then it's kind of a bit like a talk show where you can just sort of call in and ask a question directly, right?
3:54So I think that's pretty much it. I will introduce a kind of like the theme just around it first, make a proposal for where I'm at with it, and then we can take it from there, basically. Yes, Ethan, we perhaps also, especially for people who have maybe just joined, that we should make the announcement that next month. Yes, go ahead. Yes, that's absolutely right. Yes, everybody this will be the last lectern Q &A that John will be doing for a while because right now Mark Miller's wonderful course on the predictive processing and the cognitive science of happiness and well-being is live on the lectern.
4:45So we thought it'd be a good idea if for the next few months of the lectern Q &A while Mark is also teaching the course that Mark comes on Mark Miller to do these lectern Q &As so that we can switch it up a little bit and get different voices onto the platform to answer your questions. Reminding me of that, John. You're welcome. For those of you who may not know, Mark Miller is a former student of mine. He went to the cognitive science program, the undergraduate program at the University of Toronto. Then he studied with some of the best people in the world, Andy Clark and Carl Friston. He returned back to U of T much to my delight.
5:27He teaches when I'm on sabbatical. When I was on sabbatical, he covered my courses. He's now still teaching for the program. He has a gazillion publications, both experimental and theoretical in peer-reviewed journals. He gets excellent student evaluations at the University of Toronto. Everybody loves Mark. And he and I collaborate together. We work together we publish together um i i think i i've not yet met a student who wasn't didn't almost immediately fall in love with mark um impressed both with his knowledge and also his ability to communicate and connect with people it's he's an impressive individual and so he's most welcome on the lectern most most welcome yeah and if you guys want to get a sense of mark uh we published a video a couple of days ago with me and Mark talking about the course since we have decided not to do AI trailers and things anymore we decided to instead release conversations around the course ahead of time so that people get an understanding of what is we're covering and I think when you watch that video you'll get an absolutely clear sense of how Mark is able to distill very very complex ideas into the most simple, lived-in, experiential metaphors and also deeply personal.
7:02And you also get a sense of his zestiness as a person, which is immediately endearing. I fell in love with him the first time I talked to him. Yeah. Excellent. Excellent. For the one more thing about Mark, Mark is not just a scientist. He's a long-term practitioner. He's engaged in ecology practices. so he also knows all of this a lot of this material from the inside so when he's talking about meditative states mystical experiences etc he's not just talking abstract theoretically he's also talking existentially and transformatively so um yeah don't miss this opportunity this is somebody mark is going i'm very confident mark is going to be a star he is going to be an academic star this is a chance to like spend time with him talk with him learn from him yeah and i'm glad that you you mentioned that that it's existential and not just uh abstract theory because abstract abstraction is loosely the term that we have for today's q a so right this is around um something i brought to you i think last week or last last week um which i've coined the underground man problem.
8:13Yeah. And you're making reference to Dostoevsky's powerful novel in which everybody reliably says, I hate the underground man. I remember when Jason was reading it and he said, I hate him. And I went, good. That's the point. That's right. Yes. Yeah. And so maybe let's figure out what the underground man problem is. So I originally proposed it as, you know, we're now inundated with a lot of material around how to understand your mind, right? How to understand reality, theories of how the world is, what it can do, what it should do, where AI is going to go, yada, yada, yada. And what that does and concerns me is that it creates kind of like an infinite regress of abstraction where it's almost like a, you called it like a hyper hamlet.
9:04um it's called the reflect bellman the reflectiveness gap yes yeah and so you know i found as a practitioner um and and the facilitator a lot of rights like working with folks trying to overcome like how do i go from this far back level of abstraction right when it's almost automatic like, and then how do I actually come in and be in the embodied experience, right? What is it to even just feel my feelings? So, I was just having a conversation about that barely an hour ago. And I know that, you know, your work, especially on seeing God again for the first time, even from realizing the imaginal, emphasizing the non-propositional, the embodied, the imaginal, which I see as mitigating this reflectiveness gap and the underground man problem.
10:06Yeah, that's Corban's excellent thesis. So Corban's facing Plato's requirement that the person that has come out of the cave must return into the cave. Or the Stoics, the view from above, you don't end above, you return back. And Corban says, but what allows us to do this? What bridges between the sensible world the sensual world and the intellectual he would mean the noetic the abstract like we're talking about here and his proposal is it's exactly the imaginal that does that it's important to recognize that especially for Corbin the imaginal is not merely psychological it's also ontological not just levels of mind levels of construal it's levels of reality so they're being co-realized And so the imaginal is the place that does that.
10:54This is why I've been placing, as you say, so much emphasis on realizing the imaginal, the role that imaginal plays in science, and then especially religion as the place where we do the serious play with the imaginal in a liminal way that affords us making those kinds of connections that afford us aspiring towards wisdom and sainthood and sagehood, etc. etc. So this might be a little bit helpful because you've talked quite a great deal about the imaginal. I'm wondering if there's a way which could speak to the opposite end. What does it feel like based on at least what I've described and I think we have a certain degree of shared reality around it.
11:39What would you describe as like the phenomenology of the underground man problem? How have you seen that show up? Well, where you see it, I mean, so Vellman proposes it, he proposes it and he gives us the example of Hamlet. You get somebody who's perpetually stepping back into more and more abstraction and then critically reflecting upon how they were previously framing a situation. So I was framing it like this and then I stepped back and look at it, taking off the glasses kind of metaphor. Now, Vellman makes clear you have to do that because if you never do that, you're a wanton. You're just bound up with chaotic cacophony of impulsivity, right so you have to do this to some degree but when you get to a certain place what happens is with hamlet you get disconnected this is what bellman says from the engine of motivation you're you're you're so uncoupled from the world that you become radically indecisive and then what dostoevsky does because he's got such good existential bent to it he says when somebody comes radically indecisive like that because existence, think of Kierkegaard, existence is to make real committed decisions.
12:51When you become radically indecisive, you become radically irresponsible. And you also become radically disconnected. And those two things make you an asshole nihilist. And that's what the underground man is. He's irresponsible. He's indecisive. He's nihilistic. He treats people, right? And so what he does, the phenomenology is, you're up here in this abstract, nowhere, and he's the nowhere man at the Beatles song, right? And you're indecisive, you're nihilistic, you're irresponsible, you treat people poorly. And then in order to do any action, you fall and collapse into chaotic impulsivity. You create chaos around you, is what he does, and then you withdraw back into the abstract, and you vacillate between being a wanton, chaotic wanton, and being this nihilistic, irresponsible, indecisive asshole.
13:59And that's the underground man. And that's why you hate him, because he has neither spontaneity nor commitment. it. And so that's the terminology. Is it like just that bit when you said vacillating, you know, I reminded of when I was like much younger, I would experience something like, it's a warped kind of certainty. It's like, oh, I see what's going on here and look at all of these things, right? And I also think, oh okay i'm a part of this too well i can do this so there's there's almost like a like a a sense of uplifting but in a superiority sense right oh i i i was the same way i i probably still am hopefully it's being mitigated by all this practice and all the uh all the people in my life that are virtuous um same here my benefit uh so uh sorry uh sorry john just to just to finish that thought um a little bit continue but it gets to that place of like a kind of inflation and then there's almost like a break where it goes where i will go almost like fuck it whatever and then do pretty much the contradictory thing yeah yeah um yeah yeah how that worked for me is would get up there i would think of myself as god-like in the pejorative sense inflationary very much inflationary um and then it would collapse and i would collapse down and for me that collapse was not just wantonness it would be a very dark depression uh which you also see in the underground man yeah because i come back to a world um that is chaotic and flat and in which I've lost my sense of so you you you you you vacillate between inflation and collapse inflation and collapse um I'm not uh I don't have uh bipolar disorder or anything like that this is a this is parasitic processing this is an existential uh kind of modal confusion that you fall into and it really rips uh you apart and it rips the people around you apart um because what's happening is your agency is being undermined and your selfhood and your personhood are being undermined.
16:27Everything's being sort of side through you. And it's incredibly powerful as a cycle because each one propels you into the other. When you're down here, you crave something that will free you from the depression. And so you leap into the inflation. And then, of course, the problem with the inflation is it gives you a sense of inappropriate invulnerability, and then you get hit by, you get blindsided, and you get collapse. Yeah, I think Wellman's essay combined with Dostoevsky's novel, we did it in literature in The Meaning Crisis. I think that put those two together and you get an excellent understanding.
17:18And you can see the culture doing the same thing. You see the culture vacillating between these two things. The transcendence and the finitude have been severed from each other. They're not held in tonos. And so the culture vacillates. This is what I actually argued in literature on the meaning crisis. The meaning crisis is when these become untethered and you get inflationary Ahab and you get the pretty much impulsive Ishmael who's indecisive and incapable, right? And what's going on. Anyways, I won't go on about that, but there's so much literature, both nonfiction, philosophical reflection, and fantastic literature, fiction, that picks up on this pattern and is trying to wake us up to it.
18:03And I think that's because it's powerful and pervasive. and and i really like what you're naming in the sense that there is no there is literally no middle way there's no slowing down that elevator it just goes and you know just to play i want to make sure that we're not we're not demonizing even though we call it the underground man problem it's not a demonization of of characters or persons but in the interest of steel manning that it does feel um if i take that on if i try that on for a little bit it can feel like um i'm constantly surprised by things like that blindsiding that you were talking about oh i can't believe this happened of all things this would happen um and there's a there's a powerlessness that i remember feeling and at the at the bottom of that yeah which lends itself to a kind of oh i can but i can control it i can do something about it so there's an agency piece in there.
19:04It just doesn't have the reach. So no, there's, yeah, it's kind of an atrophying of agency. Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah. Atrophy is the right word. It's like, it feels like the more that one tries to control it, the worse it gets. So talk about parasitic processing, it then moves to that place of, oh, but if I understand it better, which is, you know, a kind of co-opting of that control piece, right? Then I'll get it. And that's where the lift starts going up floor by floor. Yeah. And then what happens is, and you see it in the underground, man, you get the combination of arrogance and atrophy. And you get an arrogant atrophy.
19:44And think about how pervasive that is in our culture. Trolling is often a combination of those two. It's motivated by people who are quite arrogant, And yet they also feel a certain kind of rage and powerlessness over things. And this is why they do what they do. Yeah. And so I'm glad you've brought this out because I hadn't quite clean. I mean, I did and I didn't. You often help me to remember connections. The connection between this problem, the underground man problem, and the loss of the tonus of transcendent finitude, I think, and the way that shows up in suffering, which means the loss of personhood, selfhood, and agency, their atrophying, their withdrawal, the fact that he becomes, he's not even a moral monster.
20:46Like he's not, he's just an amoral, like he's not Kurtz, like Kurtz's or Ahab, there's something like, oh, they're impressive individuals. But the underground man is like, he's pathetic, but you can't, you have no compassion for him. So he's so arrogant and hurtful to everyone around him. Yeah, yeah. Tying these three together. Well done, Ethan. Well done. Well, I want to stress test this a little bit because before we move into the pre-submitted questions, because at least in practice, we've talked about this before, right? Vedanta has a particular kind of practice where you're constantly stepping back and looking at the subjective noah, right?
21:37How come the levels of abstraction all the way up for the underground man doesn't just create Vedanta. Why is the underground man not realized? I mean, that's an excellent and appropriate question. Because what happens in the level of abstraction, so I won't go into the full argument, but the argument is that these kinds of problems, right because all right if if you aren't if you don't have a proper ecology of practices you're going to bump into cosmic absurdity that's what we're talking about here right right um um and then and then that that gets that gets sort of reinforced when you collapse into the darkness
22:30what you need is you need something that can is ready like ready to hand prochiron to transform to do an aspect shift on the absurdity where the where instead of these two perspectives being untethered and undermining each other they actually all of a sudden interpenetrate in a non-duality so that, right, you see the world in a grain, the opposite of what we're talking about, the opposite of the vacillation, the inflation and the collapse is to see the world in a grain of sand. Because then you are, right, and that's what Vedanta does. Vedanta says, when you're doing this, right, when you get this, right, you realize that Atman is Brahman.
23:22And so the most interior, the most specific is actually at one with the most exterior, the most universal. And you get what William Desmond, who's now a friend, and this one, the great benefits, I don't know, not about benefits, one of the great achievements, I don't know if that's the right word. Reward gifts. Events of my life. Yeah. He talks about, you know, the intimate universal. The intimate universal, which is the true realization of realness. So what happens is in Vedanta, because you pass to Prajna and that non-duality, you get a radical reconnection to reality.
24:09And you get a recovery of a non-egocentric agency. You get an ontocentric agency, and then that reverberates through your selfhood and your personhood. So although this isn't Vendanta, Buddhism has quite clearly wisdom, which is to have that prajna, is always bound up intrinsically, inherently. They're not two stages. They're two sides of the same coin. It's bound up with karuna, with compassion. because soon as you realize this, you, you, you, you, it's Augustine, love God and do what you want. Once you have, right, this deep realization and you move to an ontocentric sense of agency, selfhood and person, not only do you have more effective agency, think of how your agency is improved in the flow state as it becomes less egocentric, not diminished.
25:03So you get an enhancement. But the thing is, and this is the dark night of the soul, you pass close to that horizon of horror, to the absurdity, to the sense that things are empty. This is St. John of the Cross as a prototypical example. And then you can't, because you can't will it. The metanoetic shift has to, you participate in it like a grand insight. It carries you, it transforms you, It conveys you. And that's what happens in Vedanta. That's what happens in Buddhism. That's what happens in Zen. That's what happens at the peak of Neoplatonism. That ultimate threat becomes the ultimate realization that satisfies your ultimate concerns.
25:55and because we have a cross-cultural, cross-historical convergence on this that is well-documented and people can get a sense of this in practice, we have good reason to find the proposal very plausible. Yeah, yeah. I want to start to feed in some of these questions because I think we've gone to quite a good place. One of the ways in which I've heard reports of the underground man problem is that it's pretty automatic. It's not something that's necessarily willfully done. I think it does get to a point where that cosmic absurdity is crushing and exerts a lot of pressure. And a part of me wants to also say, well, you know, if you're at that level of cosmic absurdity, then it is no less meaningful or meaningless to enjoy the finer things in life, right?
27:02If you're at that level. But I also can hear how this kind of phenomenology is not a conceptual thing. it's it's much more deeply felt and this is um in line with some of the work that uh my partner ellie's been doing on dissociation so she's dropped in a question um which i will association first association depersonalization derealization i think they form a network yeah overlapping uh there's a family resemblance thing going on there but anyways go ahead yes um and so So the question is, I'm interested in how I can learn more about the cognitive science of dissociation. For example, the relationship between dissociation, PP and RR.
27:47What is the relationship between dissociation and being and non-being? Because in dissociative disorders, which often happen to people as maladaptive coping disorders, or in some serious cases there's a structural like multiplying or fracturing of alters or a sense of otherness within the intrapsychically, right, that may or may not know about each other. So, how are those with dissociative disorders enacting predictive processing and relevance realization if the wholeness of the self is splintered, whose agency is necessarily being enacted. And she refers to Paula Thompson who calls the act of the kind of dissociation required for performing artists, elite athletes, military soldiers as volitional dissociation.
28:46I've talked about this with Mark as a controlled dissociation as well. And she draws parallels to how shamans, religious leaders are trained to enter and exit dissociative states of their own volition. Now, you've talked about this in the form of dis-entering. It's converging with the dis-entering work that Patrick McNamara is doing. Yeah, and disruptive strategies, yes. Yeah, so I think the crux of the question is really this sense of like, what is the science of dissociation to your view, and what is the philosophical ramification of that insofar as being and non-being is concerned? Well, the first thing to say at the scientific end is that this is another instance of where predictive processing needs relevance realization, and especially notions of opponent processing and self-organizing criticality, which are not central theoretical features of predictive processing.
29:40So the standard model is sort of The thing that would produce sort of the Gaussian norm is predictive processing hits, tradeoff relationships, exploit, explore, consistency, completeness, all that sort of stuff, bias variance, and it does opponent processing. The problem is that, and this is something Patrick McNamara makes very clear, is, but you have a stack, right? And this is so relevant to the underground, man. You have stuff that's at a very low level and stuff that's at a very high level of abstraction. And what you can do, and here's where McNamara makes use of Hermann's and a couple other people, the dialogical self, that you have what he calls eye positions.
30:32I'm going to be talking to Patrick because I have a proposal, but I've argued that what he's saying is we have an indexicality from which we are projecting and participating in our perspectival knowing. So we can take the perspective of the mid, we can prioritize the mid-level of the stack. And that's me, and that's my I position, I. And that's me doing my perspectival knowing from my heart. It's your standpoint. Where I can go from my gut. Right, that's my standpoint. I'm here now, right? I'm here now, and this is where I'm coming from. And it's a prioritization of both the kind of processing, the level of processing, and then that entails the scope and acuity of the processing that's going on there.
31:21And so you have multiple agents available to you at all times. Now, part of his proposal, and one that I also have argued convergently, is that one of the functions of narrative is to create a through line so that you get a way of binding various I's together, I positions. So you get an I, which is the imaginal, right, sort of Eidos of all of the I positions.
32:01Yeah.
32:22selfhood as a network of particular ways in which agents are being bound into stories. So I can have this role as a teacher or this role as a father or this role as a friend. And as I go up in personhood, right, the self, right, is being bound to different norms. I can be a self that is seeking truth, seeking beauty, seeking intelligibility, seeking oneness, et cetera, et cetera. Okay. So we have a very, right, we have a very complex system. And because it's doing relevance realization within opponent processing, it's going through self-organizing criticality, which means there's periods where the entropy is increasing and disruptive strategies increase that because sometimes you have to break the frame, the optimal grip, in order to afford a better framing.
33:17Is that the volitional dissociation piece? This is what you can do. Yes. Yes. You can do various de-centering strategies, which is you, right. So McNamara's idea is you place that imaginal self into a liminal space. You disconnect it. there's the dissociation. So you disconnect it from the agencies, which means they are now potentially fragmentary, right? You disconnect it. And what you're doing is you're ultimately, and he invokes self-organizing criticality. You disconnect it because you're hoping that it, and you're in what's called a pivotal mental state, which means this is a trigger for enhanced learning, enhanced suggestibility.
34:07This is enhanced internalization. You can imitate better. You can take in. So you dissociate and you can take in new models of the self. The self reorganizes and then its job, return to the cave, right, is to rebind the agents together. So the dissociative, when it is volitional, this is what he thinks religion does, is it actually does these disruptive strategies to break down, right, sort of stabilized structures that have ossified in order to afford evolvability of our agency, our selfhood, and our personhood. Ah, okay. So let me just check if I'm following up. At one point, the pathological version is that pivotal mental state is being triggered because you are facing a demand to evolve your evolvability, to not just pick up this or that skill, but to evolve your ability of picking up skills in general, because the environment is suddenly deeply surprising in a highly volatile and potentially violent way.
35:15And so the pathological forms is you dissociate, but then what happens, at least according to the theory is you can't properly reintegrate after the dissociation. So I just wanted to get that clear. Yeah. It's like, it fractures beyond the point of repair. Right. So criticality is exactly, part of a feature of criticality is the real potential for collapse. The sand pile avalanches and if the environmental conditions are a certain way, The avalanche just collapses the whole thing. It just destroys it. It destroys the whole process, right? And so criticality means the system can actually destroy itself.
36:00Now, in self-organizing criticality, the criticality gets redrawn up into reorganization and restructuring. But there's always, just like adaptivity, always carries with it the threat of self-deception. criticality always carries with it the threat of fragmentation okay so let me see if i can recapitulate what you said in at least simple simpler language that i can understand so sorry no no this is good this is my job right so the the idea being that you know we have multiple standpoints the through line of which like different what you call eye positions or uh different aspects of me, right? Yes.
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36:45That have roles to play, skills to enact, beliefs that are held, perspectives that are held. And scopes of engagement with the world. Yeah. Yeah. I call those ways of being, right? So those all come together to form pretty much the story of your life, right? But when I say story, I don't mean, you know, writing it down, but as in a lived experience. experience. Your autobiographical self, the sense that you can identify with the four-year-old and you're concerned about the 75-year-old. Yes, exactly that. You're a temporally extended agent. That's what a self is. And you're also extended into levels of reflection, which you can stand back and look at yourself.
37:30That's what happens in a good story. There's levels of construal, there's development of agency, et cetera, et cetera. I love that you named that because we're going to come back to it on the back of Lauren's question which i think is absolutely fantastic so in a in in dissociation what's happening is we're putting this the the story of your life including everything that's packaged with it um such that it forms the agent into a liminal space so that it gets it can it can break out of the box right the ways of being that one is it's got a certain way of framing the world it's got a certain way Yeah.
38:07And so the idea is that it can break out of that box, discover something new, and then make a bigger box. Right. So, hone that back in. Is that fair? Yeah. Okay. Yeah, exactly that. I mean, the idea is that dissociation, disruptive strategies, entropy introduction are part of, an irremovable part of development. Yeah. So can I ask, how does that, this is part of the philosophical end of it, how does that relate to being and non-being? so what it does is it actually shows the interweaving of the being of the self um and and it's non-being um that contrary to what we want to think that there's being and then there is non-being as a dichotomy it actually says no no no non-being is interwoven into the very dynamics of the being, of the self, of the agent, of the person.
39:21Yes, yes. Even the doubt that you are real is real doubt. Yeah, and the Buddhists have a metaphor for this, is that, and I tried to talk about this when I was talking to Lex Friedman, that your mortality is not a future death. Your mortality is that you are constantly vulnerable to dying and that you need that or else you can't properly grow. Jesus talks about this too, right? The seed has to be placed in the ground and die in order for the plant to be born.
39:59This is so good because what you're offering gives me like two paths to choose in terms of the question. Because I think they're both relevant. What, what? Well, let's thank the Buddha and let's thank Jesus because this is where, these are the people I'm drawing on to try and to come up with an answer to your question. And Carl Friston as well.
40:24Carl wouldn't want to be placed in the same category as Jesus and the Buddha, but yeah. Well, okay, let's do this. Choose your own adventure style. Would you like to step into the religious practice end of things or would you like to step into the relevance realization camp? The religious practice. Great. Let's do this. So this is Luke's question. How can prayer and other rites be abstracted from a relational ritual context into a removed resonance chamber or a realm of regret and reprimand? And he says here, my lack of respect for prayer as a ritual has to do with its role in reinforcing really repugnant behavior.
41:08Is that just me? Brent Cooper distinguishes between vicious and virtuous abstraction. So how can meditation, prayer, contemplation, confirmation, communion, confession, and other practices go right and wrong? What kinds of abstraction are good? How do we practice them? Yeah, I think this is very good. And there has been a movement on Cynthia Beauregard is, you know, one of the main figures. Again, a woman. I will keep doing this. I will keep flagging how women are taking a leadership role in the advent of the sacred. That this is not a coincidence. Everybody, when you get a chance, keep dipping in or maybe even following you, because I can only dip in.
41:55And Britt Hartley and the journey she's on is really, really interesting and really impressive. And Britt, if you happen to see this, you and I will be talking again, no doubt, soon. But I want to encourage you to keep going. Your work is a tremendous benefit. So Cynthia Beauregard has basically pointed out that there are different types of prayer. And this can get very complex. But one of the main differences, and Lewis, I don't want to be presumptive, but what I'll do is I'll say how you're discussed lands for me. Okay. So one distinction that people make is between petitionary prayer and between what is called centering prayer.
42:41It actually would be better called de-centering prayer if we used McNamara, but she calls it centering. You're getting centered in God. So the point of the prayer is not to ask for anything other than to ask to be re-centered, to be de-centered, and so you become less egocentric and more ontocentric. So that God, it's interesting because it's a kind of abstraction from egocentrism that is then taken back up as the sensed presence of God, right? And so that's how it doesn't just become vicious abstraction. It doesn't just become the Hamlet thing. You abstract out of egocentrism, and then ontocentrism is not an abstraction.
43:30It is a sensed presence. and you get faced and called and placed by God. And I've talked about that and seeing God again for the first time, making use of the excellent work of Mark Wynn. And we're trying to get Mark Wynn to come on the lectern. Mark, if you see this, I absolutely adore your work and I think it is brilliant. I hope we talk. I've reached out to Patrick and I think his work is fantastic and we're going to be talking soon. And one of the great privileges of this is I get to talk to, interact with these people. And so I think prayer, insofar as it's a centering or de-centering, or perhaps now a better word is a re-centering prayer, what we're doing is we're re-centering the locus.
44:19And what happens is we start to realize reality as what Nishitani would say, sort of circumcensual, that anything is the center of everything else. And so God, this is the Neoplatonic tradition, God is the intelligible sphere whose center is everywhere and whose circumference is nowhere. And this affords you opening up holographically while emptying out of any, trying to bind it. So nothing is excluded and nothing is enclosed. that's a kind of abstraction that feeds back into an exaptation so that you get a sense presence and i think that's um that's and the fact that it's dialogical in nature is just because the self is dialogical in nature and this is where mcnamara and my work converges quite well a lot of other people's work and all and the parts revolution that's going on and the psychedelic renaissance that's happening all of this are pushing pushing us towards this model because you get ego death and psychedelic experience etc leatherby and others so the way of putting this all together is lewis can you think of prayer as dialogos uh with not a person but it's nevertheless a personal knitter makes this really good in his book uh because i've been talking about this a lot.
45:50Without Buddha, I couldn't be a Christian. He talks about how, right, this sense of it's dialogical and it's personal because as the child is to the adult, the adult is to the sage. So your agency is being exacted in the selfhood. Your selfhood is being exacted in the personhood. And it's personal because your personhood, and you don't leave these behind, the self is nested within the person and the agent is not. The personal is being exacted towards the saint or the sage. And so it's a personal process of re-centering. It's a dialogical, it's a dialogos. Something faces you and calls you and places you beyond your personal egocentric self and agency.
46:39And that's what the prayer can be. So I pray that way. An example of trying to do this, you can do it very concretely. So I've been trying to, I'm reading an excellent book, The Philosophy of Jesus is a Way of Life. and I've been talking to Bishop Maximus periodically is that I have committed to, like I only understood Socrates when I internalized and practiced Socrates. I only understood Siddhartha to the degree to which I understand either one of these individuals when I internalized and practiced and I've done those. I need to do this. And it's obviously deeply challenging for me because of my path, but I'm endeavoring to do this with Jesus, right?
47:24And so, and I'm particularly influenced by Marshall Davis, another person I want to talk to, because he has, he's got an interpretation of Christianity and Jesus in terms of non-duality, and it's brilliant. His exegesis, he wrote a little book called The Gospel According to Jesus, which is the gospel told from the perspective of Jesus. And it's just, oh, anyways. So one of the things is, and you can hear the Greek worry here. The Greeks got terrified when they realized their gods were only immortal and not eternal. This is one of the sparks of philosophy. I pray. So there's an impulse that comes up in me, comes up in all of us.
48:09If only I could live forever. Right. And this, this is for Buddhism, this is the thirst. This is the deep attachment. Right? So when that comes up, I let it swell up and we, as it's about to be spoken, may I live forever. I turn it, it's like Tai Chi. I play with it. Yeah, I morph it. And it comes out as, may I live so deeply that I don't want to live forever. right and this is a re-centering prayer this is a re-centering prayer um so lewis i've tried to i've tried to give you a theoretical explanation i've tried to give you a concrete example of of how it works it's a is luke's question by the way john oh luke i'm sorry lewis i'm sorry i'm sorry Luke.
49:06I'm sorry both of you. I misheard. I apologize. Small technical thing I want to add to this. I think staying closer to the mic would be very helpful because I think we're starting to get into that place where I don't want any nuggets to fall through the cyberspace. Just to address something that Luke had mentioned as well in the question around. So I wanted to address something that Luke had named in terms of like communion and and community. And I was just talking to Nicole Barden yesterday and she and I have developed the kind of mutual kinship. At least I hope it's mutual. So Nicole, if you're watching this, I want you to know I hope our kinship is mutual.
49:47And we were talking about Dukkha. So what happens when someone comes and they are, let's say, trapped in their parasitic processing, they're off center because that's what dukkha is that the center of the wheel is off right and you know i was asking her well you know how do you as a as an abbot approach that how do you hold them that and you know she's amazing she was talking to me about the exactly the same terms that you're that you're just using like centering within the compassionate eye and then both wheels turn together in the studying of the Dharma and it is in the turning which I see as what you are naming as the Dialogos, when that starts to move, then the person is re-centered, so it's no longer off.
50:43And the fact that, I mean, we've talked a lot about Zen Neoplatonism, but I just love that you brought in the Neoplatonic poll and I can sort of bring in the Zen a little bit to sort of meet. Nicole's amazing. I also want to speak something here. Because, again, I mean, I want to do this very carefully because I don't want to take any credit away from you. So please hear that. But it's also gratifying for me that one of my students, and in some ways you are one of my students, you're also a peer, but at the theoretical level and to some degree the practice level, you're one of my students. that that has enabled you to enter into a resonant diologos with somebody like Nicole, that's fantastic.
51:32I mean, that for me, that for me, that's a kind of, I think, virtuous confirmation that I'm teaching well. Because if it affords my students to be able to interact with people like Bishop Maximus or Nicole Bodden in a way that is mutually resonant, um i'm just first of all i want to thank you and i want to express gratitude because for me that's like yeah that says something i'm i'm sort of struggling to articulate but it says something yeah in fact you know i i take that and i really appreciate it because it surprised me as well like yeah you know we've we've talked twice now and we we go on like a house on fire um and you know this this oh oh i just want to say one more thing i want to give credit to nicole too i like it's like yeah i just like she has that ability to to connect to people sorry sorry for interrupting but i didn't want to leave that exactly but that's that's the thing that was that was really surprising to me where i it previously would have been um in a way like i wouldn't have been able to perceive it i won't be able to feel it wouldn't land with me but But I think rightly so due to what we're sort of explicating and what the work that we're doing, I cannot ignore the surprise, the way it's different and the reality of what is.
53:03So even when we were talking about teacher-student relationships in the context of a monastic setting, you know, I also named to her that like, in a lot of ways, I see you as a teacher, but I also orient myself, so it's not just unilateral, but I orient myself to learn even when you're not trying to teach me anything. That's good. That's really good. So this is, but this also folds in, I think, a thread into Lauren's question. So just as a kind of, in a way it's trying to fold in the conceptual right where at least what was talking about brought in a question around the phenomenological Luke's bringing in a question around the practical Lauren brings it I think quite a powerful angle which has to do with the way in which you know predictive processing and relevance realization are always at work that also means the act of listening to us have this conversation, the act of conceptualizing any of this at all is playing into the very experience of the advent of the sacred.
54:19So she's asking primordial and ultimacy. Will you please discuss primordiality and ultimacy in the model of religio and the sacred symbolon? I'm seeking a more representational understanding of these terms. These two terms in the context of this model are still abstract to me. So here are my thoughts on this topic. What is the primordial in the model of religio and the self-seeking sacredness? Is it the essence of the self? Maybe. Is it what we fundamentally are and is also our optimal grip and resonance with our environment and the large world? Is the self's primordial religio static? Yes and no.
54:59The spark of the person, the essence of who she is, it seems, would not change. But largely, it seems like the self's primordial religio would be constantly changing because in the very act of interacting with her environment and the large world, the way she behaves and thinks about herself, her religio, her optimal grip would necessarily change. Is it the person's orientation? I think this is part of it, but not all of it. There's more here but I have to, I'm trying to capture the essence of the question as much as possible. So she says here, I'm trying to articulate how the self and the sacred necessarily interact for transformation in each individual's life.
55:47Primordial and ultimate as used in this model are still abstract for me and I sense there's a level of understanding about the self or sacred interaction that I'm missing because of this, how do the concepts of primordial and ultimate inform the model of the self and the sacred? Okay. So, first of all,
56:11I'm continually surprised in a good way by the sophistication of my students. For those of you you who might not know, Lauren has been taking a course. She's been, she'd been taking, seeing God again for the first time. So I'll just give a little bit of background. I was making a proposal for senses of the sacred that the sacred has. Well, let's do it. There's a sense of the sacred, and this is emphasized in Taoism. Lauren, initially, this will be abstract because I just, I'm just trying to set the context. And then I'll, I'll address your question. Where does the functionality and the phenomenology actually show up.
56:49Okay. So the sense of the sacred, like in Taoism, the sacred is the primordial. It is that from which we are born. It is that which makes us possible. It is that which we are always presupposing as what we have to take as granted because we can't grant it to ourself. So for example, I can't, as we said in the beginning, I can't stand outside of predictive processing and relevance realization. There's no way where I can get outside of them and then look at them and say, ah, that's what's wrong with my relevance realization by predictive processing. I always, whatever I'm doing, I'm always relying on the capacity of predictive processing and relevance, realization, to self-correct, which I can participate in.
57:40So it's a process I'm always presupposing. If I try to make any concept, any categorization, any argument, any proposition, any theory, acquire any skill, undergo any change in how I understand myself, I am presupposing these things. They are primordial to me. Now, how does that show up in my experience? That shows up in my experience at, in the sense of my intuition, the sense that other things are coming up for me that I, and I know not how I know them, but they're, they're making possible for me. And so for many people, they use a term for a dimension of selfhood, for trying to talk about the depths that they experience as intuitive interruptions into their everyday narrative.
58:34They call that their soul. And so I think that when people are soulful in this sense, not that they're talking about a Cartesian substance, but when they say, and notice where you place, where do you place your intuition? It's in your guts, right? Why not your knees? Why not your feet? Because you're trying to get at this sense of, right, that's the primordial and it wells up in me. It wells up in me. And the intuitions can be very minor and the intuitions can be very, very profound. And you often note that the intuition, when it's one of those profound intuitions, people will experience it archetypally, to put a Jungian phrase on it.
59:25They'll experience it as being, oh, this is deep. Listen to the word. This is deep. And it's, right? Okay. There's that. But ultimacy, ultimacy is, right, the sense that there is, I want to use my words very, very carefully here. You have a sense of normativity that transcends you, that is beyond you. That if you could make the true, the good, and the beautiful, and the real, they would not be true, good, beautiful, and real. You have to defer to them. Listen to the language. We look up. We look up. Right? And for many people, that sense of uplifting, looking up, the sense that we are being called by something greater, something that is skyward for us.
1:00:25in an imaginal sense, that's the spirit. And so when we feel that we're being uplifted, when we feel that the self is moving into its spiritual functions, that it is being called to something more true, something more beautiful, something more real. So when you listen, and notice how a great work of art, right? Notice these two different senses of sacredness, and how great work of art. So, you know, you're listening to the Moonlight Sonata. For me, this is an example by Beethoven. And stuff like the primordial is, it's just because it's music, it reaches into my guts and it's coming up. But I'm also getting a sense of a beauty greater than John Verveke than can generate.
1:01:13And it's resonant and it's calling me beyond my, so there's a spiritual uplift with, And it's the moon. It's the moonlight. The moon is above you, but it's eerie in the nighttime. It's in the dark and it reaches into the darks and the depths. Like, don't you get almost like a shiver and it goes up your spine. And that's the sense of the sacred as the central, that the binding, that charge, the centrality. And you sometimes experience it literally in your spinal column that binds the primordial and the spiritual sense of sacred together. And you get this. And then that, right, that gives you the place from which you orient.
1:02:04That is how you placed. This is the axis mundi that gets, right, that everywhere you could be, this is where you are. You are insofar as spiritual uplift and soulful intuition are charging you, giving you that sense of a radical, weird, in the good sense of the word, weird connection between the primordial and the ultimacy, the ultimate. And you can get it in great works of art, like the Moonlight Sonata. And it's called the Moonlight Sonata for a reason. You can get it in great poetry. So the archaic bust of Apollo by Ilka, he's looking at this sculpture, and intuition is welling up in him. This sexual and artistic eros is welling up in him.
1:03:00He's getting the sense of the presence. like, and it's, and it's like, whoa, he's, and then it flips. You must change your life. That's a normative call. You must change your life. And when I first read that, you know, a chill went through me because the ultimate and the primordial were one, not logically one, they were one. And I got that charge and I went, and I was suddenly reoriented in my life and I I recovered my life in a new way. And so insofar as the spirit can feel an upsurge from the soul and it can feel uplifted, the self, by the spirit, these are how it's showing up in the self and how they're showing up functionally and how they're showing up phenomenologically.
1:03:48Just to add one small thing there about conceptually from my own sort of experience. like I had a moment like that to tie it back into sort of the encounter with Nicole. I actually put off messaging her for a long time. I felt like there was something about it that was procrastinating reaching out because I felt like, oh, I'm not a spiritual person or something like that. Like I'm not, or like some idea of like, I'm not spiritual enough to talk to a Zen abbot. So it was a very weird thing for me to think. And then I was playing Hallelujah on the guitar, right? So I'm impressed. And I was, and it was that one, that one.
1:04:37Yeah. Leonard Cohen's Hallelujah. Yeah. So that, and it was that one, that was that one line of, there's a blaze of light in every word. It doesn't matter which you heard. Right. that like i just immediately i felt i was overwhelmed with with emotion i started tearing and just i was trying to sing like for for days i couldn't get through that song um without being moved um and there was something in there that reckons out for me of like uh hearing christopher oldfield sort of in the in the back of my mind um saying yes but all transformation is spiritual. It's always happening anyway, whether you want it to or not.
1:05:22And I felt a pull to just reach over to my phone and WhatsApp. Hey, can we meet? And it's opened up into a wonderful, it really opened up my framing and my world. So there's a way in which when that was happening, I could tag it. Conceptually, I can tag it like, oh, this is an encounter with the primordial. Oh, I'm being called to the ultimate. I know that that's happening. It just gives me language for it, but it doesn't take away from the lived experience of it, the embodied experience of it. No, it shouldn't remove the mystery at all. I mean, let's refine it a little. So intuition and then insight and then inspiration.
1:06:20That's basically how it happens in me. I think when we can, if you'll allow me to play with the metaphor, I think when we get those moments when the North Star of our spirit, the north pole of our spirit and the south pole of our soul suddenly touch each other right um and then we get we get charged in a powerful way um i i i think because for me that is the greatest homing of our finite transcendence our primordiality reminds us that we're finite we cannot give it to ourselves our transcend right our spirit the ultimacy reminds us but we are not trapped we have a capacity to go beyond um we've talked about it psychologically we've talked about it cognitively insight intuition inspiration we've we we've talked about it you know in terms of existential uh you know you get the sense of the binding together the the lived the lived like you're trying to emphasize the lived aspect of finite transcendence those are the moments and here's here's where i would try to end where i feel the most human yeah and for me that would be my the final thing i'd want to say about that would we have time to take questions from the chat?
1:07:54Yes. Great. Yes, very much. I just love that we've like, we like explicated the underground man problem and then come back full circle to like reclamation of finite transcendence. It's beautiful, beautiful arc. Thank you. Thank you for doing that. So, okay. Here's a question from uh george or uh jorge um which is uh does do sports that enable flow um can they be considered a practice in the ecology of practices like tennis for example i think we're talking about bouldering as well to the degree bouldering yeah definitely definitely i mean and the better the sport is at having a philosophical framework around it.
1:08:47What do you mean? So sports used to have a very developed framework. It was called sportsmanship. I get that the term is sexist, but whatever. Right. The idea that no, no, what you're doing when you're in the flow state is you're trying to keep a framework around that, that will afford it transferring. The idea is to become a good sport was something that you then took into your life. And when sports that get us into the flow state are ritualized with that philosophical framework, you can see them cross-culturally. Think of the ball game in Mesoamerica, right? You can see sport becoming properly ritualized exactly in that fashion.
1:09:30Yes. And so, but that matters, right? If you, I mean, it's really how are you showing up when you're playing? The ethic and the orientation of sportsmanship, being a good sport, is as much a part of the ritual as the flow state. Because the sportsmanship is what affords the broad and deep transfer of that flow state to other dimensions of your life. So I'm reading, I'm scanning the chat for questions. Well, let's say this is really interesting. How do you, John, personally get back to the perspectival standpoint? And I want to expand, that's all the question was, but I also want to expand the scope of that question a little bit.
1:10:26How do you personally return to the standpoint in a context-sensitive manner. Because sometimes what destabilizes us is the ambiguity in the context that when you recenter, you don't necessarily recenter in the same place to continue on sort of the verbiage, right? But yet we also don't know necessarily having been knocked off center where the point to return to might be. Yeah.
1:11:01So, I return to that perspectival centering. My practice is to seek, sense. It's inventio, so it's seeking and sensing. Sofferson. Because Sofferson is to re-inhabit and re-sculpt my salience landscaping in a way that connects me to, right, orienting to a greater reality. And so for me, Sofreson is the solution to Velman's reflectiveness gap. So Velman proposes flow, the experience of flow, but the problem with flow, as we typically understand at Csikszentmihalyi, is flow is bound to specific domains. And this goes to what I said a few minutes ago. There's the problem of transfer. Sofferson is basically when you're flowing at the level of orientation and agent arena co-identification, that that's what's going on in Sofferson.
1:12:08I'm not forcing myself. I'm being tempted. I like to use, because when you're tempted, who's tempting you? It's you, but it's not you. It's the other that's not you, right? This is why Hermes is a trickster figure, because there's temptation to transcendence, and you often have to get tricked into it in an important way. So Sofreson is, right, can I catch being tempted by the call of the true, the good, and the beautiful? That's how I try to return out of abstract reflection. Can I pick up that sense? and often it helps me. One of the things I'm trying to do is, I call it remember, recognize, acknowledge, and appreciate.
1:12:56I try to remember and recognize, acknowledge, and appreciate when that other that is me, Hermes, helps me to get back. And I will sometimes, this goes to, like I said, the kind of prayer, I will sometimes say, Hermes, help me back. I will give credit. I will do the same thing to Socrates. Oh, now you'll hear me doing that. Well, thank that. That's Socrates. I try to give, I properly acknowledge. And these are ways of, because internalizing the sage and realizing Soferson are bound together. Because my ideal self and my future self are being imaginally integrated with the sage. And that's what's tempting me.
1:13:37That's the other that is me, that is tempting me, that constitutes Soferson. So I'm re-inhabiting and reorienting my salience landscaping. And that gives me that I'm neither a mere wanton caught up in salience without understanding or a mere hamlet pursuing endless understanding disconnected from salience. I've got salience and understanding. When it works, it's Socratically bound together and calling me towards greater realization within and without. That's what I sense and seek for. There's a kind of, it's not a negative, it's a pronounced positive piece. so I'm feeling it right now for example and I like it's it's it's there's a like there's a kind of joy to it which is not the same thing as pleasure joy is the sense of being connected to something that is true good and beautiful real highly meaningful etc so that's how I typically those are the kinds of practices I do to try and bring it about this is why Sofferson is so important I think Sofferson is the existential answer to the reflectiveness gap?
1:14:57John, I'm so stoked for this next question. It will probably have to be our last one, but I am bowled over, and I think what is the implicit proposal, and I can't wait to read it to you. This is from Wild and Shy Moments. Great title, wow. As a 30-year Zen practitioner, mother and social worker i wonder about the underground woman problem inflation of caregiving and collapse of the impossibility of agency to transform others where the underground man problem goes upwards the infinite regress malforming the ultimate i hear i hear wild and shy moments you know proposing that the opposite like down into the primordial i don't know what do you Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah.
1:15:48Well, first of all, congratulations on being a practitioner for 30 years. I admire that. And thank you also for this insight. I hadn't considered this.
1:16:01So, I mean, I want to give credit where credit due. This is something Jordan Peterson talks about. I mean, he takes it into political lens that I'm not happy with. but the idea of and we have archetypes around this the all-consuming mother being smothered and people play with that word like I know people that you know, the problem is I didn't have a mother, I had a smother and that sense that one can get drawn that one can be drawn apart fatigued is another so compassion fatigue is also that we get drawn into that, where our agency is consumed. I think that's very, very powerful.
1:16:55So for me, sorry, this is very transitional for me. This is something that, I mean, everything for me is transitional, but I mean, this is something that's recent for me and still very liminal and raw. And I mentioned earlier, I've been trying to take up, I've been trying to internalize Jesus the way I've internalized Socrates and the Buddha. And one of the things I'm trying to do, the book, The Philosophy of Jesus as a Way of Life is particularly helpful about this, is to try and see Jesus as somebody who is able to draw upon the well of compassion without drowning in it. and there's something there I think we would agree he is a sage of compassion he exemplifies it and yet he doesn't seem to suffer many of the things we're worried about here there seems to be no if we're going to use the tropes because they were already introduced by the question He doesn't seem to lose the masculine, even though he is deeply drawn upon the feminine.
1:18:15This intrigues me profoundly about him. I'm feeling called by that. I'm feeling, how can I be simultaneously called into deeper compassion without that, as you've rightly posed in your question, undermining my agency? And what seems to be doing that, right, is that he has this relationship that, like he talks about it in the Gospel of John, I'm in the Father, the Father's in me, so you can be in me and thereby in the Father. Like he goes deeper into the primordial while going deeper into the ultimate in a way that counterbalances drowning. If you allow a metaphor, he's got a lifeline to the sky that allows him to go very deep into the well, but he can always resurface when he needs to.
1:19:17And I'm sorry, this is kind of inchoate because I'm struggling to get this. But this is something really, really... And so there's this tremendous compassion. People are in him, but he's then in God and God's in him. When I was talking to Hermes, this came out in a really powerful way, is that Jesus is different for me than the Buddha and Socrates. Notice the word I said. I didn't say better. I said different. Because unlike the Buddha and Socrates, Jesus has gone into how I see God and how I experience God and how God comes into me in a way in which the Buddha and Socrates have it. That's probably because of my upbringing.
1:20:06It's probably because I'm in the West. I'm not trying to make any absolute claims about Christianity. I'm trying to say that Jesus is more than enlightened. and I think I'm picking up on that and that is his way. I hadn't put this together, so thank you for this. Nitter talks about, he passes over into Buddhism in order to return into Christianity and your question is helping me to do that really profoundly, Zen and come back, and how compassion is deeply wedded to wisdom. Wisdom is the re-centering in ultimacy so that we can draw deeply from the well. The Tao is a well that is never used up, right, without drowning.
1:20:53And that's how the compassion and the wisdom come together. And so not to try and ridiculously convert you or anything, I recommend taking a look at the sage Jesus because he seems to be the person who is really providing a strong model, a role model, that for me is answering the question you posed. And like I said, Marshall Davis's work, where he has a non-dual interpretation of Christianity, would be particularly resonant for somebody like yourself who comes from a Zen tradition. and then the book the philosophy of jesus is a way of life which is practice right it gives you how to practice um i think it's by colburn i might be misremembering the name anyways um profound question um and this is how it's working itself out in me and how i see it working itself out and people like knitter and davis and the author of the philosophy of jesus is a way of life Fantastic.
1:22:06One amazing note to end on, John. I think that's all the time that we have for today. Thank you all so much for participating, for submitting your questions. As always, we welcome them. The next Q &A will be on February 28th, I believe, with Mark Miller, who, just to repeat, his course is on the lectern at the moment. It is called Generations of Joy, the cognitive signs of happiness and well-being. So please head over to lectern.johnvakey.com and then take a look and we'll see you next month. Thanks so much, John. Thanks so much for an amazing Q &A. Thank you, Ethan. Thank you for all the great questions, both from my Lectern supporters and from people on YouTube.
1:22:51Very much appreciated. I have a pronounced aesthetic and existential sense for good questions. I mean, a sense of appreciation is what I mean. in both senses of the word appreciation, understanding and valuing. And so I really want to thank everybody. The questions were ecstatic for me. They drew me beyond myself. And I really, really appreciate that. Please take a chance. Sorry, please don't miss the chance, this great opportunity to study with Mark Miller. I promise you, you will not regret it. Thank you, everybody. Thank you.
From the publisher
In this episode of The Lectern, John Vervaeke and host Ethan Hsieh explore what Ethan calls the "Underground Man" problem. How we can get trapped in endless abstraction, lose contact with lived meaning, and oscillate between inflation and collapse.
They unpack the reflectiveness gap (hyper-reflection that disconnects us from motivation), how the imaginal bridges the abstract and the embodied, and why the cultural severing of transcendence and finitude fuels cycles of nihilism, indecision, and irresponsible action. The conversation also dives into the cognitive science of dissociation including volitional vs. pathological forms. Showing how disruptive strategies can support transformation when followed by reintegration.
The Q&A then turns toward prayer and ritual: how they can go wrong as "vicious abstraction," and how they can go right as re-centering a dialogical practice that reconnects us to reality, responsibility, and compassion.
This episode also includes an important announcement: this will be John's last Lectern Q&A for a while. Over the next few months, Mark Miller will host Lectern Q&As while his course runs on the platform.
Sign up for Lectern (Teachable) and explore current courses: https://lectern.teachable.com/p/lectern-lounge
Timecodes:
00:00 Welcome + Lectern Live Q&A begins
01:00 Format: pre-submitted questions + YouTube chat + call-in option
02:20 Announcement: John stepping back; Mark Miller hosting upcoming Q&As
03:05 Who Mark Miller is + why his course matters
06:00 The "Underground Man" problem + the reflectiveness gap
09:40 Phenomenology: inflation, collapse, depression, nihilism, atrophy of agency
17:35 Culture-level pattern: severing transcendence and finitude
19:50 Why "more abstraction" doesn't fix it
20:40 Non-duality, recentering, and the return to the lived
25:35 Dissociation + predictive processing + relevance realization
27:20 Dialogical self ("I-positions") + narrative binding across agency/selfhood/personhood
31:00 Self-organizing criticality + pivotal mental states
33:25 Volitional vs. pathological dissociation; reintegration vs. fragmentation
36:45 Being/non-being interwoven; mortality and transformation
38:45 Prayer/ritual: vicious vs. virtuous abstraction
44:45 A concrete example of re-centering prayer
51:55 Primordial vs. ultimate; intuition/insight/inspiration and the sacred
01:06:10 YouTube chat: sports/flow as an ecology of practices + sportsmanship
01:08:05 YouTube chat: how John re-centers (Søren / orientation-level flow)
01:13:05 YouTube chat: "Underground woman" problem + caregiving inflation/collapse
01:20:05 Closing + next Q&A with Mark Miller (date mentioned in episode)
John Vervaeke is a professor, philosopher, and cognitive scientist whose work focuses on the meaning crisis, relevance realization, and the cognitive science of wisdom. His research bridges cognitive science, philosophy, and contemplative traditions to explore how humans cultivate insight, agency, and deep transformation.
Ethan Hsieh is a facilitator, educator, and philosophical practitioner working at the intersection of performance, cognition, and transformative pedagogy. He is the creator of TIAMAT, a three-tier developmental framework integrating cognitive science, dialogical philosophy, and embodied practice. Through immersive learning environments and collaborative inquiry, Ethan helps individuals cultivate virtuosity as a way of life—emphasizing participatory sense-making, metacognitive mapping, and shared agency.
John Vervaeke:
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