Misunderstood Power: Emil Michael on the Truth About the DoW & Defense Tech

0:00I'm Under Secretary of War for Research and Engineering. Everyone talks about Andro and Palantir and SpaceX. Those are the three companies that in the last 10 years have broken into the defense sector to challenge Lockheed Martin, North of Grumman, and sort of the older primes. My job is to create five more companies that work in the department and bring new capabilities. The executive orders are awesome. It's supposed to be AI action plan because at least it sets a marker out there and says to the world, we, the United States is gonna be dominant in AI. So it's pretty exciting for a tech guy to be at that part of the department war.

0:32And this is exactly like Uber, right? It's exactly like Uber. Look, we have a stealth bomber behind us. It's the same thing. Competition with Lyft, like competition with China. You know, the same thing. What is the biggest misconception about Palantir? About Palantir? Yeah. Oh, I mean... Honorable Michael. Welcome to Sorcery. You can call me Emil. You know me from the old days. No, we're going to call you Honorable Michael. Okay. All right. So you have many roles within the Department of War. Could you list out all of them? Well, the primary role is I'm Under Secretary of War for Research and Engineering.

1:16And that has a bunch of cool stuff in it, like DARPA, which is, you know, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. They invented the internet. I have the Missile Defense Agency there, which was supposed to create the strategic defense initiative, Star Wars, from the Reagan days. And then I have a core R &E, Research and Engineering Function, that's working on new stuff with the best scientific labs in the country. So that's the main job. And then I'm also the Chief AI Officer for the department. And that organization is called the Chief Digital and AI Office. and then the Defense Innovation Unit, which actually is based in California, in Mountain View.

2:02And the idea there is to take all these startups that are doing defense tech and help them figure out a way to do business with the Department of War more easily. So how did you get into this position?

2:16Well, I was radicalized, I would say, in 2017, when being a Trump supporter was not cool. and you know our employee I was in San Francisco at Uber at the time and you know it's like someday you know I'm gonna go back into government so I finished Uber I moved to Miami and then I was met President Trump had dinner with him and I want to say December of 23 before the primaries and I was it was an honor to do that obviously I started working on the campaign and I started working on the transition team and I'd always loved defense and I'm in the coolest part of defense like space lasers like the coolest tech stuff that's happening in the whole department of war is happening in my in my group so it's pretty exciting for a tech guy to be at that part of department of war and this is exactly like uber right it's exactly like uber They look like we have a stealth bomber behind us.

3:18It's the same thing. Competition with Lyft, like competition with China, you know, same thing. Yeah. No, it's very different, obviously. But I'm able to, I will say that with this president, the secretary, Hankseth, who are disruptors, if you think about like what is a political disruptor, someone who sort of comes in and looks at the at the world the way as it is and says like this needs to change yeah and so if that authorities delegated to me I could come in and look at what's literally the biggest bureaucracy in the world right three million people at the Department of War and say what should we be doing differently clean sheet of paper that's pretty empowering it's kind of awesome so in that way it's like in that way it is I'm curious because you know you have the private sector experience here in the public sector.

4:11We're almost a year into the new administration. What's the biggest surprise that you've had? The biggest surprise is like is both the quality and camaraderie of the people at the top of the government. I mean Scott Bessent, Howard Lutnick, Secretary Hegseth, Monica Rubio, like some real talent and then at the Department of War Or my colleagues, Mike Duffy, who runs acquisition and sustainment, they buy the big airplanes like you have behind us, the head of policy who's working with the Ukraine-Russia policy and all that.

4:51It's really just Brad Hansel who runs the intelligence and security department. They're just great people who are dedicated to mission and going for broke. And it's really awesome. There's not a lot of political infighting. This is about like a team effort. So that's really surprising. I thought politics was going to be knocked down, dragged out. With a trillion dollars, almost a trillion dollars in budget, that's a pretty substantial big, substantial allocation to have there. Do you think about that and the efficiencies of that capital and the different departments that you span across and you have exposure to?

5:28What do you think the biggest allocation will be for? One thing that happened in the last, especially the last four years, but really over the time period since the war on terror ended, is China started investing in really sophisticated capabilities. We were fighting sort of terrorists, you know, random small terrorists who were using improvised explosive devices, right? That was the enemy. They were really thinking about, broadly speaking, what are we doing in space? What are we doing with missiles that can travel across the world at hypersonic speeds? Those kinds of things. So we have to catch up.

6:07So the budget that we're now trying to save money on bureaucracy and put it toward is new technologies, new weapons, new defense systems. Like think about a drone attack. How do you counter that? Well, maybe you could use high-energy lasers to pop out drones out of the sky if they're coming at you at a military base. I mean, you could do that with using AI in an automated way. So trying to kind of step forward ahead of the adversary as opposed to sort of investing only in the stuff we know, like those things. Sorcery is brought to you by Brex, the financial stack trusted by more than 30 ,000 companies, including one in three venture backed startups in the U.S.

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10:02Full disclosures in the description. Well, that's a good transition and lead into the six critical technology areas that you're focused on. So you recently just slimmed this down, you concentrated it onto six. Why did you choose these six and where are you seeing the most impact? So this the two predecessors ago for the job I have now they added 10 and that was in 2018 and then the next person added four more so they're 14. So these these these critical technology areas were were almost 10 years old in 2018 and if something's critical for 10 years that means you're not making much progress on it.

10:41So that's number one. Number two, 14 is a lot. When you look at corporate values, a phone number is not 14. People have to keep it in their head. So they wake up every morning knowing what's the priority, right? So the first exercise was, what are the priorities? And let's have me a small enough number that people could wake up every day and know what they're doing, what they're working on, what the most important thing is. So applied AI is number one. And the reason I call it applied AI is because the big companies, OpenAI, Anthropic, XAI, they're all investing hundreds of billions of dollars in AI and AI infrastructure.

11:20So all I need to do is take that and adapt it for the department. So apply it. So that's one. Two is scaled hypersonic weapons. So hypersonic missile, it's sort of like, it's kind of a geek term for defense nuts. but it's like a nuclear weapon that you may ignore. It doesn't have to be nuclear, but it could travel at over five times the speed of sound, over Mach 5. That means it could get from China to the US in 30 minutes, or vice versa. So they developed those, and we have too, but they're really expensive. So I'm trying to scale them and make them cheaper. And there's a lot of companies, frankly, in this area that are working on that.

12:05Another one is scale directed energy, which is this constant shooting down. Like Eberus. Yeah, space lasers, shooting down things from space, shooting down things from on the border that are coming over like drug drones, how to use energy to do that. And then the fourth one is what we call contested logistics. So if you're in a fight or battle in a forward place, like, you know, somewhere, you know, near China, for example, and you're not, it's not a home game. They call it the tyranny of distance, right? It's really far away. How do you do things, food, water, energy, munitions, and make those things available in those areas so that, you know, it's a, you know, we can win.

12:49And then there's one called battlefield information dominance. So right now, like sensors and what you can hear and what you can see it's all advanced really fast so everyone can see everything we do online and you know in the air and through the air and so on so how do we dominate the information that we're getting in the battlefield so if we ever have a conflict we can win so those are kind of like the flavor of what we're doing and then finally I guess by your manufacturing it's how to use biological mechanisms to create new materials. Like you know that you could use biological mechanisms to separate rare earth metals.

13:24So instead of mining them out of the ground and doing this like nasty refining process we use biology to do that. Use biology to create synthetic blood. I mean there's a lot of applications. You use biology to create new metals and materials that we didn't have before. So that's another big area for us. A lot of people in the defense sector or maybe it's the war sector now I think that we're in 1938. What's your position on this? We are definitely in a moment where we have to catch up our industrial base. Like you've heard this industrial base problem, right? And the critical mineral is a great example.

14:04Pharmaceuticals, there's a lot of great examples of where, for economic reasons, we outsource to other places. And then it turns out if that party that you outsourced to doesn't want to give them to you anymore, You're in big trouble, right? So we over-outsource things that are critical to our country. So re-domesticating those is part of a 1938 moment. Building our defense industrial base up that was focused on old weapons, old ways of doing things so that now we have new ways of actually building hardware combined with software to make sure that we can deter adversaries. Because really the goal is deterrence.

14:43You don't want to fight a war. you want to prevent war and you can only do that by being strong. So that 1938 moment is here where we finally after COVID looked at our supply chains, we looked at our defense industrial base, we looked at some of the companies that have all left the Midwest and just devastated communities, the influx of drugs and all those things and said, wait a minute, we have to like rethink the whole architecture of our war making ability so that we can keep peace. So I feel like it's moment. I wake up every day thinking that way. Now that you're closer to the military and you're seeing the impact on troops, on their families, what do you think is most critical for the United States to be aware of or should know between the difference of government, support, and actually people on the battlefield?

15:35You know, we had, you look back on the wars that we had, the second war in Iraq and Afghanistan war and long expensive conflicts where the benefits of the United States looking back on it was negative it wasn't even neutral it cost a lot of people their lives and Afghanistan is still Afghanistan that's after in some ways worse right Taliban have taken over so when you think about warfighters and soldiers you think about if we ever have to send them to war again it better be for the right reasons and it better be that they're equipped with the right stuff because I remember one of the first projects I did in the Pentagon when I did sort of a fellowship a long time ago was how do we build a tank that doesn't get blown up by these roadside bombs and it was really hard to get it done because of the procurement process and all the bureaucracy in the Pentagon so I never want to have that happen again if we're gonna send people out there and have their families sort of wait for them, we better be prepared for them and we better sort of be on their side.

16:40A big theme and what many people are talking about is the emphasis on drones and drone warfare and how the future of wars will be actually through systems like drones. We won't have to send people hopefully ideally. Because you see everything from prototypes to actually investment. Could you just share the state of where you see drone technology and these new kind of innovations? Yeah. So the Russia-Ukraine war taught us a lot of things. They're fighting over territory, right? Quickly, that war became a robot war, a drone-on-drone war. The front lines are robots against robots, right? And it was sort of a totally new way of thinking about war.

17:25And And then they started inventing how do you use fiber optic cables to communicate to that drone if the satellites are jammed? And how do you do software so that it can do automatic target recognition and all these things? So they're innovating in a pace with drones that's sort of unbelievable. So what we're learning from that, what we have to do is make sure we have our own drone arsenal, big and small. Big ones go boom, bigger. and they're sort of less about territorial conflict and more about, you know, responding to an attack or initiating an attack in response to something else. The small ones are about making sure that we have an arsenal that we have at military bases so they get sent out.

18:12They do reconnaissance, too. They don't just go boom, right? And then the other side of it is how do we counter drones? So we're gonna have to be prepared to make sure there's no threats. We still have it on the southern border. We're less worried about people coming over, but we're worried about drug drones and those sorts of things. So drone dominance is a real thing that we're trying to perfect at the Department of War. What are some of the recent technology partnerships that you've done? Well, the three I'm most proud of in a very recent term is we've done three deals for critical minerals to reduce our dependency on China in like 45 days.

18:48and so we're really taking this seriously. I mean it's kind of awesome to be able to do that. Now we're also working with you know I've kind of I have a you know being for the business world I've invited all the tech companies that have defense applications in and I've met with you know probably a hundred or two hundred of them over the last six months that I've been in office and I we're able to award contracts and do contests for who could do the best this or that and award contracts for them across the board. So, because I want investors to keep investing in these companies and I want companies to keep succeeding.

19:23And so I'm trying to move all the barriers. And I think next week we'll be announcing sort of a launch of AI in the department, department-wide for the first time ever. You know, so we've got a lot of great initiatives and those are some of the partnerships that I'm excited about. So I want to talk about AI. The AI Action Plan, I think that was the last time I saw you, maybe. be. But the AI action plan came out, three executive orders upon that. It seemed like a really big moment for, you know, I mean, we saw this at the inauguration and then we also saw this there. There's like really beautiful combination of private and public sector, Silicon Valley and DC.

20:03It almost felt like a tech conference. I'm sure like you saw lots of your friends there and then new friends and everything. But I want to talk about the AI action plan. How is that being implemented and is this going well is this like picking up steam like how have you seen initiative versus action and like the gap between the two the executive orders are awesome associate I actually plan because at least it sets a marker out there and say it says to the world we the United States is gonna be dominant in AI right and then what are the components to do that the best chips we need more power for data centers we need the AI companies to be free of sort of state regulations and all these things that could hold them back.

20:47And those things are going to make that industry sort of the potentially the biggest industry that's ever been created. We wanted to be built here. And I think the four great companies in that industry are based here. The Chinese are doing their distilling models, they're doing things to sort of catch up in their own way. But we're putting that into action. We're trying to We get permitting for data centers to be faster. We're working on nuclear power generation for data centers, which we'd stopped as a country essentially for decades. We're making sure to keep our best chips here from NVIDIA.

21:20We're trying to have our, you know, we opened up a chip factory in Arizona that does NVIDIA, you know, TSMC and NVIDIA chips. We're doing our own lithography now. We're doing all kinds of things to enable this. And what I'm trying to do at the Department of War is make sure now we're using that for sort of enterprise use cases, for intelligence use cases. Like imagine we've been taking satellite imagery for 50 years. Imagine training a model on everything you've ever seen and then trying to train to look for more stuff in the world. And then for warfighting use cases, logistics, modeling and simulation, how do you model like a video game?

21:54What will happen in a complex so you're more savvy about it? And then also like how do I do that with to design things using AI right at the front end as opposed to like CAD drawings and human drawings and so on that that you say oh that didn't work the physics didn't make sense so using that to do physics and upfront design so we're working it and it's going fast faster than ever I could have ever imagined. Between everything that you've looked at and the geopolitical pressures and China and new technologies, what do you think is the biggest capabilities gap for the US warfighter? I would say that you know when we think about we used to have a treaty we used to have a arms race with Soviet Union, right?

22:41Yeah. We had this concept of mutually shared destruction. They have so many missiles, we have so many missiles and eventually we'll control the amount of missiles and then no one will use them and that kind of worked, right? We never had that deal with China so So they've developed certain capabilities in certain hypersonic missile categories at a price that we haven't achieved yet, which is why one of my critical technology areas is scaled hypersonics at cost. So that's probably the area I think about the most. So I recently had Alex Karp on the pod. We did a nice walking tour. And I have to ask you, what is the biggest misconception about Palantir?

23:23About Palantir? Yeah. Oh, I mean, Palantir is a software company that innovated by taking, you know, they were sort of the first big data company, if you will, and in some ways had AI capabilities that delivered useful software to the government. And it's been amazing to watch how people use their product in the department for all sorts of things. Just inventory. We didn't know where our stuff was. We were spending trillions of dollars over the years. Where are our tanks? Where's our munitions? Where are these things? How do we understand where they are in their life cycle? How do we repair them?

24:03All the things that were really just basic stuff. Protesters want to talk about some of the other stuff they do that they think is more controversial. But I think they're really a nuts and bolts software company with forward deployed engineers that are smart, that sit with a warfighter and solve like everyday problems you would in any organization as much as they do the other stuff. Why do you think people think they're evil? People are crazy. I think, you know, if helping the American government do lawful things makes you evil, I mean, you know, who's not on that list? I mean, we all support our government.

24:42We live here, right? We support our elected government regardless of the party. So I think it sort of harkens back to, like, along as probably before your time, but there was sort of a solicitation on who would sell the first cloud software to the government. And Google bailed because their employees were like, no, you can't. So imagine selling, they wouldn't sell cloud to the government, but they'd sell it to companies in foreign countries. It's sort of crazy. I think those days are over and the number or percentage of people that will say that about a Palantir or Google or any one other company has shrunk so much that hopefully it doesn't matter.

25:20Why do you think all of these defense tech companies do have like, they do get automatically bucketed into this evil group even though they're meant to help? You know, it's an interesting thing. I think in some ways, the farther you are removed from the problems that a conflict can cause, the easier it is to disdain what it costs to keep the country safe. So if you're in a bubble of, you know, privilege and freedom and so on, and you haven't been around long enough to, or you don't know anyone who's been to the battlefield, right? Or you haven't read enough to understand what the risks are and threats in the world.

26:09It's easy to say, well, companies who are in that business are bad. But I guess anyone who touches that world in any direct or indirect way, I think it's a quick appreciation for what it takes. And people use words, like Paola Luka uses words, like extreme violence. And yes, it's a jarring word, but it's like, yes, if you're fighting a war, don't you want to extract extreme violence on someone who's trying to harm you or your community or your country? And I think some of the nomenclature sort of triggers people, and people think this is a kumbaya world. And it's just not. What are the biggest lessons that you've learned from Pete Hegseth?

26:51I got to tell you, I worked for one Secretary of Defense when I did this White House Fellowship, Robert Gates, and he was renowned as one of the great Americans, one of the great American leaders in defense. Pete Hegseth, I think, is going to be and is already probably the greatest Secretary of War in our lifetimes. He is a leader. He comes in with no biases, like didn't come from the defense industry. He wasn't a four-star general who's sort of like, this is the next job. He wasn't in politics. He comes in with a fresh outlook and say, what's broken and what's working? And let's start there. So his leadership skills are extraordinary.

27:32He put together this team that I was talking about earlier that's cohesive and working together. And he's open to any idea. And And I think it's a privilege to work for him. And every day I feel that more. And, you know, he's one of the best leaders I've worked with. I've worked with a lot of good leaders and partners and business and so on. He's one of the best I've ever worked with. Going to that point, how does that differ from working with Travis Kalanick?