OpenAI CEO Sam Altman & Amazon CEO Andy Jassy 2/27/26

27 Feb 2026 · 49 min · 12 chapters

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In short

The episode is about two big news items: (1) AI-driven corporate restructuring and job-market implications, and (2) a record OpenAI funding round plus a new Amazon–OpenAI partnership. It opens with Block CEO Jack Dorsey’s plan to cut about 40% of staff due to AI efficiencies, sparking debate about whether AI will cause a 1929-style unemployment shock or instead shift work toward new roles. Guest Gary Cohn (IBM vice chair; former NEC director and former Wall Street/White House staffer) argues companies are cutting headcount to offset higher interest rates, input costs, and tariffs, but that productivity growth historically creates new jobs and skills rather than ending work.

The main interview features OpenAI CEO Sam Altman and Amazon CEO Andy Jassy.

Key claims

OpenAI’s $110B round values it at $730B; Amazon invests $50B (split into $15B now, $35B on milestones). They say AI demand is growing fast, compute is the bottleneck, and Amazon will provide “stateful runtime” via AWS Bedrock (with claimed 30–40% better price/performance using Tranium) for exclusive/partnered workloads. They also argue the deal isn’t “circular” because revenue growth across the AI ecosystem will fund the infrastructure.

Notable examples

Block’s 10,000-to-6,000 headcount reduction; Dorsey’s letter; OpenAI’s Codex growth (reported ~30%+ in a week); and the Pentagon/Anthropic AI debate is briefly discussed.

Written by AI. May contain mistakes. Listen to the episode to check what was said.

Chapters

Tap a time to open that second in VO

AI's Impact on Employment

2:14 to 3:18

Discussion on the effects of AI on jobs and company structures.

“Good morning and welcome to Squawk Box right here on CNBC.”

Economic Concerns of AI Advancement

3:18 to 6:28

Debate on the economic implications of AI and potential job loss.

“And if you think about this, if you could cut 50%, 40 % of your workforce, which is what these folks are going to be doing literally overnight, what does that mean for the rest of us?”

Netflix's Strategic Decisions

6:28 to 8:08

Analysis of Netflix's decision to abandon Warner's assets.

“Elon Musk is never going to spend his trillion dollars.”

Regulatory Challenges in Mergers

8:08 to 14:00

Discussion on regulatory hurdles Netflix faces in acquisitions.

“Netflix abandoning its pursuit of Warner Brothers' discoveries, studio, and streaming assets after Warner's board labeled a revised bid by Paramount Skydance and saw it as a superior offer.”

New Housing Developments and Political Dynamics

14:00 to 17:05

Discussion on Mayor Mamdani's meeting with President Trump regarding housing.

“New York Mayor Zoran Mamdani says that he had what he called a productive meeting with President Trump and suggested that the two had found common ground on building more housing in New York City.”

The Impact of AI on Employment and Business

18:15 to 28:00

Gary Cohn discusses how AI is reshaping job markets and company structures.

“Shares of a financial technology company block shooting higher after CEO Jack Dorsey said he was laying off 40 % of the team due to AI efficiencies.”

The Future of Work: Embracing AI

28:00 to 30:55

Explore how technological advancements reshape work and productivity.

“We understand how that works, but this time seems like it's harder to connect the dots to a positive future for everybody with 300 million people in this country.”

OpenAI and Amazon's Strategic Partnership

33:20 to 42:09

Delve into the implications of OpenAI's significant funding from Amazon.

“Good morning to both of you on what appears to be a watershed transaction.”

Infrastructure Investment and Monetization

42:09 to 45:52

Explore the significant upfront costs of infrastructure investment and its long-term monetization in the tech industry.

“Remember, the capital we spend in 26 is for infrastructure that will be put in place, you know, 18 to 24 months later.”

AI Partnerships and Military Use

45:52 to 48:45

Discuss the dynamics of AI partnerships, particularly with the Pentagon and Anthropic, and their implications for AI deployment.

“We still have a long, stateless API exclusivity with Microsoft.”
Show all 12 chapters

Job Transformation in the Age of AI

48:45 to 50:51

Analyze the impact of AI on jobs, including job loss and creation in response to technological advancements.

“Jack Dorsey just announced a plan that effectively cuts 40 percent of his staff because he believes that AI is going to allow him to be just as productive, if not more so.”

The Future of AGI and Business Deals

50:51 to 51:41

Investigate the future of AGI, its implications for business deals, and the evolving definitions of AGI in the tech landscape.

“I think we are all going to be surprised about the amount of AI progress the field sees this year, probably every year after that.”
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Transcript

Automatic transcript. May contain errors.

0:00Geico presents a 30-second podcast between your podcast. Today's story is shared by one of our listeners. It's called Betrayed by Bill. It was in that moment I caught who was staring back at me in betrayal, or more like what? My insurance bill. With trembling hands, I grabbed my phone and switched to Geico, saving about$900 in the process and never to be betrayed again. Now that was bloody riveting. It feels good when the story ends with savings. It feels good to Geico. Trading at Schwab is now powered by Ameritrade, bringing you an expanding library of education with even more ways to sharpen your trading skills.

0:37Access new online courses, insightful webcasts, articles, engaging videos, and more. All curated just for traders. Plus, guided learning paths with content designed to fit your unique interests. And no sifting to find exactly what you need, so you can spend your time learning to trade brilliantly. Learn more at schwab.com slash trading. Bring in show music, please. Hi, I'm CNBC producer Zach Felici. Today on SquawkPod. A massive fundraise for the massively valuable private company OpenAI. $110 billion, including from Amazon. Leaders of both companies join us on this news. OpenAI's Sam Altman. The more we see revenue growing, the more we see demand growing, the more we want to invest to be able to serve that.

1:28and Amazon's Andy Jassy. This is the most significant transformation in technology, maybe business, in our lifetime. Plus, Paramount one step closer to a long-sought prize, the legacy assets of Warner Brothers' discovery. It's either the end of Hollywood in theaters, or it's the magification of Hollywood. And we never thought artificial intelligence would come for us. It's such a bonkers and backwards thing to think because here we have this great innovation, this great technology that's supposed to move us forward, which it may, but we could take our jobs in the meantime. It's Friday, February 27th.

2:10Squawk Pod begins right now. Stand and or buy in 3, 2, 1, cue and it. Good morning and welcome to Squawk Box right here on CNBC. We're live at the NASDAQ market site in Times Square. I'm Andrew Ross Sorkin along with Joe Curtin. And Becky is off today, but we've got a lot going on this Friday morning. Take a look, though, at shares of fintech company Block. They are soaring literally right now up about 20 percent here. This is after the company said it would lay off roughly half of its workers. Block CFO saying if the company sees an opportunity to, in her words, move faster with smaller, highly talented teams using AI to automate more work.

2:49Block's headcount is, in this case, going to go from more than 10 ,000 people to just less than 6 ,000 people. And this may be one of those moments about AI and what it does to employment. In a letter to shareholder CEO Jack Dorsey, saying that AI tools have changed what it means to run a company, he said, quote, I don't think we're early to this realization. I think most companies are late. Within the next year, I believe the majority of companies will reach the same conclusion and make similar structural changes. I'd rather get there honestly and on our own terms than be forced into it reactively.

3:24And if you think about this, if you could cut 50%, 40 % of your workforce, which is what these folks are going to be doing literally overnight, what does that mean for the rest of us? I need a list of companies that are in a position like Block where they can do that. You must have some ideas. Well, I would imagine, first of all, you could look at a lot of the... By the way, the question is whether this is all white-collar jobs that you could do this with, whether this is just, you know, in this case, transactional companies. Could Stripe do this to itself, for example? Stripe, by the way, may want to buy PayPal.

4:02Could PayPal do this to itself? Don't give me individual names, then. Give me total percent total of the S &P 500 that could be something similar. 20 %? 60 %? Oh, I wonder whether it's 50%. 50%. Yeah, why not? That's a frightening and that doesn't even include all the things that we've talked about with truck drivers and, you know, not just AI, but, you know, look at the future five years. Well, there's a lot of them. No, I know, but I'm saying I actually think truck drivers are better off than... are safer in this moment than in this moment. In this moment. Before you get to robotics. Well, that's what I mean.

4:39Well, I'm just talking about five years. I'm talking about the future, not just AI. And the way AI will inform robotics, too. So that's all part of it. I saw it yesterday. I was like, is block in trouble? It's not necessarily. It's in trouble. That's usually when you hear of a 40 % work for whatever it is cut. That's usually what you're thinking of, cost cutting. I'm often asked, how can you get, could we ever have another 1929? You're kidding. Which ultimately turns into unemployment of 25 % in 1932. I'm not even sure, by the way, I'd even say that the crash is related to that. But there's a couple ways to get there in 1932 of 25 % unemployment.

5:24But oddly, the success of AI could be one of them. It's such a bonkers and backwards thing to think. Because here we have this great innovation, this great technology that's supposed to move us forward, which it may, but could take our jobs in the meantime. And I don't even know if there's a transition. What I can't figure out is people talk about a transitionary period, right? You know, from horse and buggies to this and that. The question is, what is the transition in this case to? I don't know whether it means a 1929 type thing. Is it possible that it's so powerful and it increases productivity so much that we all only need to do three or four day work?

6:00group, because we all have all this leisure time, that there is some kind of UBI, that it's actually a boon for maybe someday we don't have to work. We can just, all we need to do is play golf and travel the world. Elon Musk would say, but that only works if some people, and I'm pointing to you, but people that you like and associate with decide that UBI and redistribution are the way to do it because otherwise all of the economics get concentrated in a very small number of hands and and then i really don't know what happens well let's just hope the machines aren't deciding what to do with this sure but what i'm suggesting what i'm suggesting is you're not going to this this idea of this leisure society is a false choice if you believe that there's a group of people in america who don't believe in in any form of redistribution that can't that's but then you're back to how many boats can you water ski behind it.

6:59Elon Musk is never going to spend his trillion dollars. I mean, yes. But what I'm saying is for a very, very long time, there's been in particular on the right of you not to tax people, not not not to provide benefits to people and services. That's not what it is at all. The right thinks that the private sector can generate more prosperity than the government, which helps the people that you're talking about. And in fact, In fact, the policies of the left, nine out of 10 times, end up hurting the people they're intended to help through redistribution. No one wants to be a liege of the state where all of a sudden...

7:38But what I'm suggesting to you, unfortunately, is in the context of what you're saying, everybody may be a liege of the state. You may be a liege of the state. I just think that is a really false premise, that Republicans don't want to do any redistribution because they want to keep it for themselves because they're a greedy bastard. I think they think that this is the best way to grow the pie for everyone. But how would that work in this new world? I don't know how it's going to work. I'm saying that approach may not work in this new world. Let's talk Netflix. Netflix abandoning its pursuit of Warner Brothers' discoveries, studio, and streaming assets after Warner's board labeled a revised bid by Paramount Skydance and saw it as a superior offer.

8:21shares of both Netflix and Paramount jumping this morning. And I'm not going to say that Netflix is up because it was, I mean, there's arbitrage, there's all kinds of things, right? For why it's maybe people were short Netflix. Netflix has got bigger problems than just trying to, you know, than what we talked about, whether there was a negative reaction to trying to buy Warner Brothers, which maybe it didn't even need. But in a statement, Netflix's co-CEO said at the price required to match Paramount Skydance's latest offer. The deal is no longer financially attractive. They went on to say this transaction was always nice to have at the right price, not a must-have at any price.

9:04In his own statement, Warner Brothers Discovery CEO David Zaslav wished Netflix well. He said, once Warner's board approves the Paramount merger, it will create, in his words, tremendous value for our shareholders. The deal will still have to pass regulatory muster. with the Department of Justice, California's attorney general, also saying the state intends to carefully review the deal. Do you have any firm knowledge of what went on yesterday at the White House? I do not. I've been trying to get some firm knowledge. You've seen the reports from different places that he that Sarandos met with Pam Bondi and not meet with the president, did not meet with the president, but got the feeling that this is going to be tough.

9:45And so that's the big question to me. So I was surprised that they're walking away. I thought, invariably, for a buck a share, you know, can't be that much of a difference. There's more to it than just... If they really wanted this asset, I always thought Paramount would raise... Right. Well, that's not what they're saying. I thought Netflix would match. So you don't believe them. I don't know. They're saying it was nice at this price and it's not so bad. I know that's what they're saying. And what I'm I'm suggesting to you is it walking into yesterday. My expectation was that they would try to match.

10:20They were fighting it out. And then all of a sudden they stopped fighting out. Now, I don't know how much that was about yesterday's meeting at the White House. I think there could have been some element to that. By the way, I think it could have even been some of the. Not noise, but indications and signals they got around the regulatory regime and what it would mean for them. prior to ever showing up in the White House yesterday. And around the world, even. And it would create a pretty big streaming company. I don't know if it's too big. You know that people that work in the business, I've said this all along, it was a terrible choice, according to them.

10:57Like, film Twitter-type people. It's either the end... No, it was a terrible choice. 100%. It's either the end of Hollywood in theaters, or it's the magification of Hollywood. And now... That is the view. It's almost like now they went from the frying pan into the fire. A lot of these people into that. And it set their hair on fire immediately about the Ellisons and Trump and what it means. Right. So Hollywood and Netflix, the more you heard about it, there are a lot of people now that I know of. I'm not one of them that think that Netflix is really selling a certain narrative in terms of the culture wars that they don't approve of.

11:42So see, now we're getting somewhere. Now we're getting to, no, we're getting to what I imagine has to, underneath this, been the problem for Ted Sarandos. You see it as a problem. I've always said I can't wait for Barry Weiss to be running CNN. I didn't say it was a problem. I said that it was a problem. Neither one of us have any force in this game. I said the problem being that it could be. No, I'm talking in the context of Ted Sarandos. The problem that he was going to confront trying to buy this asset was going to be the steady drumbeat of Susan Rice, the type of films that you think that they are trying to push or the political message they're trying to push.

12:23The cultural push. You can see it in everything. I don't see it. I know you see it. Oh, my God. You don't see it. How about even Disney? It's got the same sort of image. But nonetheless, I believe in a free market, so I think that everybody should be able to do whatever they want. They certainly are able to at this point. Well, they're able to do only certain things. They're not allowed to buy other people because... Well, now the new regime is going to be able to make whatever kind of movies it wants to make in the free market. Well, the question in this case is how free is the market? Well, how free was the market before when it was 99 % slanted to the left?

12:59I don't understand where you're even going with it. The free market is the free market. Okay, and this is still the free market. You think Trump's telling the Ellis' what to do? No. Well, then why isn't it the free market? There's two elements to it. One is, if you believe that Ted Sarandos couldn't acquire Warner Brothers because of its approach, then guess what? It isn't a free market. Let's start there. That's just plain as day. That's a lot of assumptions that you're making that you have no idea. And then the flip side of that question is, do you believe that the Ellisons were bending over backwards to do things to placate this administration in certain ways, in which case around either coverage or this or that, in which case that wouldn't be the free market?

13:53Well, I guess Sarandos didn't go to the White House yesterday to try to sell Melania the sequel. That probably, that might have, might have, huh? That was my idea. New York Mayor Zoran Mamdani says that he had what he called a productive meeting with President Trump and suggested that the two had found common ground on building more housing in New York City. Mamdani posted a photo on X from the Oval Office. President Trump held up a copy of the famous New York Daily News headline, Ford to City dropped dead, as well as a mock-up of a Daily News front page that said, Trump to City, Let's Build. A small sub-headline says Trump delivers 12 ,000-plus homes.

14:41Later on, Ex-Mum Donnie said he had spoken to President Trump on the phone, and the president told him a Columbia University student detained by immigration and customs enforcement would be released. Columbia's acting president said the student had been detained by agents who misrepresented themselves by saying they were looking for a missing child to get access to a residential building. You know the mayor, Andrew. I thought that picture, I thought it was a delicate dance for the mayor. And I thought the president's smile, he's beaming like he always does. I'm trying to read the mayor's expression.

15:20Well, the mayor's usually beaming. That's what I mean. And he's not in this instance. He's got a smile that... But what I don't know is, did they just... Is this like the one shot, the one shutter shot? Where he wasn't. Where he wasn't, because usually he is pretty smiley. I mean, I'm not sure what that is. It's almost like, I hear you. This is not something I want to do, but I'm doing it for you. I have to... You know, that's sort of what it looks like to me. Like, he's... I don't know, but I don't want to read too much into that. But the president, that's his genuine big toothy grin, which is, yeah, he's charismatic.

15:55They're both. And I think that's part of Trump's approach to Mamdani is he admires his political skills. Don't you think? Charisma on charisma. Right. Cheese will be next. Coming up on Squawk Pod, they're coming to take us away? mega shifts in mega technology. Former Wall Streeter and former White House staffer Gary Cohn on the changes AI is making to the job market. This is a trend we're going to continue to see as people fight with higher interest rate costs, higher input costs, higher commodity costs, and more trade tariffs.

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17:37trading at schwab is now powered by ameritrade bringing you an expanding library of education with even more ways to sharpen your trading skills access new online courses insightful webcasts articles engaging videos and more all curated just for traders plus guided learning paths with content designed to fit your unique interests and no sifting to find exactly what you need so you can spend your time learning to trade brilliantly. Learn more at schwapp.com slash trading. You're listening to Squawk Pod. Stand by Joe in three, two, one, his mic. Shares of a financial technology company block shooting higher after CEO Jack Dorsey said he was laying off 40 % of the team due to AI efficiencies.

18:24In a letter to shareholders, he said, intelligence tools have changed what it means to run a company. That's just one of the things we're going to talk about with IBM vice chair and former NEC director Gary Cohn. Someone did write right into me, Gary, and welcome. It's good to see you that Elon Musk bought Twitter and got rid of like 90 percent of their employees. And no one, not one thing happened. So maybe Dorsey has some bloated employee ranks at companies that he owns or runs. Joe, look, it's great to be here. I think we're in this reality where companies are being forced to run themselves much more efficiently.

19:04You know, we saw headcounts around the world bloat pretty dramatically after COVID. You know, people were hoarding labor when people were working from home. They were working two, three, four days a week. The productivity rate was down. So companies had to make sure they had excess capacity and excess employees. We're now back to a much more normalized environment. People back in the office were getting productivity out of workers. And we've got this whole new AI thing upon us, let's call it. And it's hard for companies to actually explain how they're using AI. But the one KPI that they can tell you is we've cut heads.

19:40So today, we've sort of made the world synonymous with I'm using AI, therefore I need less heads. I ultimately don't think that's the truth. but companies don't have a better way to explain to you how they're creating synergies, how they're creating productivity. They're saying, look, we're just being more efficient by cutting heads. And I think that's the trend we are seeing and we have seen for the last year or so. Because you have been on, in past appearances, and I remember, you were explaining something that was very confounding about, I guess, the labor force or the Jobs Fridays, what was going on.

20:17And you said people don't need that. Oh, I remember what it was. The reason that one way to deal with tariffs is you look at the whole situation at your company. And if your margins are going to be hurt by some increased costs, then you're not going to hire people. And that's the way they were dealing with it. So if you look. That's continuing. I agree. And if you look back on the last few years and you think what companies have had to live through, you know, A, we went from a zero interest rate environment. 22 to the Fed raising rates to five and a half, five and three quarters percent. They did that to slow the economy down.

20:55That's why you raise interest rates. So we went through that period of zero interest rates, the higher interest rates. We've gone through this period of what I would call trade, trade wars, trade imbalances, higher input costs. We've gone through this world where the dollar continues to go down in value, meaning that a lot of the commodity input costs continue to go up in value in dollar terms. So if you're going through this period of time where your input cost, whether it's cost of funding, cost of labor, cost of raw materials, go up, and you don't feel like you have pricing power to the consumer, the company's going to get squeezed somewhere.

21:30And where they've been trying to alleviate the earnings problem is they've been doing it through human capital. So human capital has been sort of the lever that companies have been pulling to make themselves profitable. And you saw it, even in this last quarter's earnings announcements, we saw well over 100 ,000 announced layoffs in some of the bigger companies. And I think this is a trend we're going to continue to see as people fight with higher interest rate costs, higher input costs, higher commodity costs, and more trade tariffs. One thing that President Trump tried to do the other night was highlight some of the things in the economy that the administration feels are underappreciated.

22:09And there are a lot of things that are underappreciated. Maybe. We had Mike Wilson. I know you follow his work. The other day, he said, look, the stock market anticipates future positive business activity. And then as it starts playing out, some of the money comes out of the stock market and goes to fund the increased corporate activity. He's expecting some blockbuster year inflation trending down or maybe at least flat. You have the same optimism. It's not reflected in polls. Look, I'm fairly optimistic right now. You know, we've got a lot of really strong tailwinds. And I think the president tried to talk about some of these tailwinds during the State of the Union.

22:48You know, look, we've got the Build Back Better bill. And what people are now starting to understand for the first time is when they put that legislation through, they changed things in the tax code retroactive the last year, but they didn't change the withholding tables, meaning that we could have withheld less money from workers every day. Instead, what they did, and probably very smartly, is they kept the withholding rates at the same level. So as people are actually filing their taxes today, they're getting a much bigger refund than they might have expected. They're allowing to deduct higher SALT deductions.

23:27So whether it's state and local taxes, real estate taxes, that's giving people more money. So the consumer is getting more money in their pocket. You look at what's going on in the CapEx boom and the reindustrialization of the United States. Is that happening? It's happening. But I've always sat here and said, look, this stuff is slow. As fast as the federal government wants to work and as fast as the federal government wants to get manufacturing built and they want to get data centers built, state and local regulation does not move at the speed that federal regulation moves. So these plans to build and these plans to develop factories, they're in state courts.

24:05They're in state zoning committees. They're in city courts. They're in city zoning commission. We're starting to now see some of that money being put to work in real construction projects. The Dow hit 50 ,000. We heard that the other night. The S &P hit 7 ,000. But Monday was a scary day. Today, I think we're down 450 now. Now, NVIDIA, unable, with a great report yesterday, unable to save the technology sector or the AI or software or whatever. Is this just a normal backing and filling after a big gain, or is there more to it? So, Joe, I think we're having a bit of a rotation. If you look at the S &P itself, you know, the market cap-weighted index.

24:47So the biggest companies have the biggest influence, which are the companies we've been talking about, the NVIDIAs, the Googles, the Microsofts. They've gone up so much. Well, this year, it's basically, today, right now, with today's activity, it's about flat. Flat. Pretty prior to that. If you look at the equal weighted index, where every company is equal, that index, as of last night, was up about 6%. So net-net, we're seeing the stock market as a whole hold its value. We're just seeing a rotation where people want to be. People are starting to reevaluate the growth numbers that they had on a bunch of these, I would say, technology companies, software companies, technology companies.

25:27And they're starting to reevaluate the growth of what I would say traditional companies in America and traditional companies like Walmart, like J &J, like Exxon, like Verizon. Companies like that are all trading basically at their 52-week high as people are saying, look, I still want to be invested in the market. I still want to be long the economy. I just want to be long it in a more judicious fashion where I don't have as much exposure to the mag seven or the top five or seven names. I want to have exposure across the board. We didn't talk about the sub four 10 year in mortgage rates falling below six percent.

26:04So some of those things that takes time for all this stuff to happen. But it does seem to be happening. Do you think that the mood of the country eventually improves if we believe the polls? I do. I believe that the mood of the country does improve. Look, you know, these PPI numbers today are not going to be helpful. But a lot of this is when you see on the producer side, a lot of this, as you can see, is input costs. When you're talking about producer price index, you know, the producer has to absorb the input cost. They have to absorb the higher commodity prices, the higher copper prices, aluminum prices, steel prices, nickel prices.

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26:38They have to absorb the higher interest rate prices. They have to absorb the higher labor prices. And so we're seeing and they have to absorb trade. You know, the cost of trade has gone up. And you saw that in the numbers. The X trade numbers were not nearly as high as the numbers that included trade. So, look, I think we still have to be realistic that there is some pressure in the system and that inflation still is lingering around. That said, I agree with you. There's a lot of positive news, as you see. interest rates, mortgage rates falling, tenure down below 4%. And tax refunds and the CapEx will continue to stimulate economic growth, continue to stimulate jobs.

27:20The beginning of the show today, in relation to the block news, I didn't initially think about Twitter and how many extraneous irrelevant employees they obviously had at the time. I don't know if the same situation with that, but we immediately wrote it off to AI and what the future looks like. And we even, okay, so we jumped to conclusions. We even got to UBI because no one's going to have a job, universal basic income. We actually got all the way there because I don't know, we've seen past disruptions and, you know, when people lose their job and making buggy whips, they end up making transmissions.

28:02We understand how that works, but this time seems like it's harder to connect the dots to a positive future for everybody with 300 million people in this country. If there's all these agents and truck drivers are gone, what's everybody going to be doing, Gary? You know, Joe, I look at it like this. If you look at the history of technology and technological advancements, we've always gone through these periods where it's been, oh my God, it's the end of work. It's the end of civilization. It's the end of life as we know it, because what I do isn't going to exist tomorrow and a machine is going to do my job.

28:37And that has, we saw that, you're right, you go back to the internal combustion engine, you go back to the cotton gin, you go back to the internet, you go back to all of these technological advances that really changed the way we work. We had all of these fears. What happened over history, and I believe it will happen again, is these are all productivity tools. Productivity means that we produce more units of output per labor. When we do that, the economy gets bigger. The economy gets dramatically bigger. It's what drives economic growth here. As we grow productivity, we will need people. People will do different things.

29:13As you said, you won't be cleaning barns. You'll be changing transmission fluids, or you'll be building transmissions. We are going to need people to drive the economy. We're going to have to have people that know how to work in the economy. And look, there are things that AI can do. I'm afraid that we're not going to allow AI to do it and it's probably the right thing because people are going to have to learn skills. So, you know, if you're working in an investment bank today and you need to put out a presentation, can an AI machine do the presentation fairly well? It probably can. But three years from now, when you're the banker sitting in front of the client trying to get a transaction closed, you have to understand the way the income statement works.

29:53You have to understand the balance sheet. You have to be able to play with the Excel spreadsheet in front of the client to make the deal work. So even though the AI machine can do these things at 90 % confidence interval, I still think we're going to need people there getting things done. We've never proven that we can get something done without human intervention, without human logic, and without human interface. But we've never had something that futurists were calling the singularity. And that's when the machines get so smart that they know a billion times all human knowledge. And this time could be different.

30:27Look, this time could be different. And we said this kind could be different before. We'd probably be dead. Anyway, no, we're both young. And now we might live forever with AI. Anyway, thank you. Stay tuned. Up next, the interview of the day. OpenAI's Sam Altman on his company's huge$110 billion funding round. And Amazon CEO Andy Jassy, who chipped in$50 billion. A record raise on technology and what it means for the future of artificial intelligence, right after this.

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32:35New episode tonight at 8. Part of History Honors 250. Only on the History Channel. This is Squawk Pod from CNBC. Up and enter. Q. A massive deal this morning. OpenAI now raising$110 billion in new funding. It values the company at$730 billion. Investors in the round include SoftBank, NVIDIA, and importantly, the biggest one now, Amazon, committing$50 billion in funding for this round. And the pair now announcing a new multi-year strategic partnership, which may reshuffle the landscape of AI all over again. Joining us now for a first on CNBC interview is Amazon CEO Andy Jassy and OpenAI CEO Sam Altman.

33:20Good morning to both of you on what appears to be a watershed transaction. Sam, I'll start with you. $110 billion,$730 billion valuation. But explain, if you could, how you think this deal shifts the balance. I was suggesting it shifts the balance in large part because the relationship you've had for so very long was with Microsoft. and now you have Amazon as well and in certain cases on an exclusive basis for a big part of sort of the next push. Good morning. Thanks for having us. We're super excited about this deal. We will continue to have a great relationship with Microsoft. We're excited to have a great relationship with Amazon.

34:01AI is going to happen everywhere. It's transforming the whole economy and the world needs a lot of collective computing power to meet the demand. The world also needs a lot of new kinds of products And we'll continue to do our work with Microsoft, but we're very excited about the new product work we'll do together with Amazon. And I think, as you said, it will be a great, very long-term partnership. We're going to get into all of it. Andy,$50 billion, a huge investment from Amazon. As part of that investment, there's a whole bunch of component parts around the partnership that you're going to have with this company.

34:34But interestingly, in the press release, you talk about$15 billion up front,$35 billion that will come after if certain conditions are met. And I think there's going to be a lot of people are going to read that and say, what does that mean? Well, you know, thanks for having me. I appreciate it. And we're excited about what we announced. And, yeah, we have a significant investment that we're making. It's in two tranches, as we mentioned. And the first tranche will be in the next month here in$15 billion, and the second tranche will come when certain milestones are met. And we're excited about the investment we're making.

35:11If you think about it, it's so early right now in the AI space, and OpenAI is off to an amazing start. They're going to be one of the very big winners, we believe, long term. I think we can help them quite a bit as part of this partnership. I think just having their offerings available in bedrock, you know, being able to leverage Tranium, which gives them 30 to 40 percent better price performance matters a lot in AI. And I think it's going to be a very strong long term partnership where we're going to also be happy about the investment. It'll yield a good return for Amazon over a long period of time.

35:44So, Andy, one of the things that's interesting about this is OpenAI, it says, will consume two gigawatts of training and capacity through AWS infrastructure to support the demand for what's called stateful runtime, environment frontier and other advanced workloads, some of which is going to be exclusive to Amazon. My question to you is twofold. One is, how long is that exclusivity period for? And two, how much revenue do you imagine you will ultimately get paid by OpenAI? Well, you know, there are multiple components of this. If you think about the, you know, we've collaborated and invented together on a stateful runtime environment powered by OpenAI's GPT models that will be available in Bedrock.

36:26And if you think about, if you're an AI application developer, you don't want to start from scratch every time you're actually using models. And so being able to access state, whether it's memory or identity or being able to call tools or call out to compute, being able to do that in a stateful way where we're together training that stateful runtime environment on AWS's infrastructure, there's nothing else like that today. It's really the next generation of how AI developers are going to build their AI applications. And then, you know, the Tranium, today we now have the two largest AI labs who are both significantly betting on Tranium, which is exciting.

37:08And, you know, the relationship we're building is very unique in its long term. And we'll have this partnership for a long time. Sam, can you speak to that in terms of just what you think the business ultimately looks like with Amazon? Obviously, they just made a big$200 billion infrastructure investment. A lot of people had asked questions about it. And now this may very well be part of that answer. Yeah, we continue to see just rapidly growing demand. The codex in particular, I think it grew like 30-something percent in the last week. And that is an indication of what's happening with enterprise and what people are ready to do now.

37:43As we started to look at the growth that is coming, we realized we did not have enough compute to support that. We're excited, thrilled to get this additional training and capacity. I think it'll go to great use with customers. We also think, as Andy was saying, that Amazon can deliver so much more to us in terms of new demand and new opportunities in the market that there will be huge incremental revenue here into the whole ecosystem. And we're thrilled to get to do that. One question which I imagine investors will ask, which relates to maybe the question I asked Andy about the conditions on the 50 billion.

38:17It sounds like it comes in tranches, Sam, 15 now, 35 later with some kind of condition. And I just wonder whether that is similar in terms of the terms for every other investor in this round. There's been lots of speculation that one of the things that every investor in these new rounds wants, of course, is an eventual IPO. We are open to going public at the right time. There are advantages to being private. There are clear advantages to being public. In addition to all of the reasons that we get more access to capital, I also think that if these AI companies are as important as we think they may end up being, we want all investors to have access to them.

38:59So, yes, there is definitely some excitement from various investors of ours to go public. And it is something that we are open to doing, but we need to figure out the right time to do it. Sam, help me with this, though, because you know that people oftentimes look at some of these transactions as what they call circular. They look and say a vendor effectively is going to make an investment in your company. And on the other end, you are going to be making effectively an investment or buy services from that company. How do you think we should think about that? I get where the concern comes from, but I don't think it matches my understanding of how this all works.

39:36This only makes sense if new revenue flows into the whole AI ecosystem. If people are not willing to pay for the services that we and others offer, if there's not new economic value being committed, then the whole thing doesn't work. And it would just, it would be circular. But revenue for us, for other companies in the industry, is growing extremely quickly. And that's how the whole thing works. Now, given the huge amounts of money that have to go into building out this infrastructure ahead of the revenue, There are various things where people finance chips and invest in each other's companies and all that.

40:11But that is like a financial engineering part of this. And the whole thing relies on us going off or other people going off and selling these products and services. So as long as the revenue keeps growing, which looks like it is, I mean, demand is just a huge part of my day is figuring out how we're going to get more capacity and how we're allocating the capacity we have. then I don't think it looks circular, even though the need to finance this, given the huge amounts of money involved, does require a lot of parties to do deals together. Andy, how do you think about that? I see them as different.

40:47You know, I think that, you know, OpenAI wouldn't use Tranium if it wasn't compelling for them. You know, being able to save 30 to 40 percent in price performance, that's a big deal when you do AI at the scale that OpenAI does. And I would also say that for us, the investment is because of what I said earlier, which is, you know, this is the most significant transformation in technology, maybe business in our lifetimes. And we're incredibly, even though it's growing really quickly, we're incredibly early in this. And OpenAI is going to be one of the really big winners here. And I think we can help them be more successful, as I mentioned earlier.

41:26And we're going to like that investment over a long period of time. Andy, you had announced earlier this year that you're going to be spending$200 billion. There were a lot of folks in the investment community that said, oh, my goodness, that's a lot of money. And I suggested just now that maybe this was part of the answer. Did you have line of sight, if you will, that this was a deal like this was possible at that point? Yes. Sam and I have been talking in our teams for a while. And that was very much in our projections at that time. And, you know, as I said during the call, when we said that we were going to spend about$200 billion in CapEx this year, we have very strong demand signals, very clear line of sight to those.

42:08This is a good example of that. Remember, the capital we spend in 26 is for infrastructure that will be put in place, you know, 18 to 24 months later. And so we have very high confidence that we're going to be able to monetize what we're spending and we're going to like the economics a lot in that business. And when you think about that investment, and maybe both of you can speak to this, do you think there's genuinely just a massive upfront cost and at some point that the cost really does tail off? Or from where you sit today, I mean, this is what I think some people are concerned about, is that it's just an exponential cost, that it's just going to be year after year after year, and there's not going to be a moment where the investment stops, if you will.

42:52I'll start. The AWS business works in such a way where the faster we grow, the more capital we put out there. And because the model works, we're investing in capital in data centers, power, land, chips, hardware, networking gear. So all this infrastructure, 18 to 24 months in advance of when we can monetize it. And then we spend the money in the first year, but a lot of these assets that we're investing in are 30 to 40 year useful life assets like data center. And so what happens is you spend the money in year one, but then you actually monetize it over a long period of time. And you really like the return on investing capital over time.

43:40You saw that in the early days of AWS, you know, as we were growing like crazy just on the CPU side, where we were investing a lot of capital. And the free cash flow looks different than it does once the growth rates start to level off. And so as the growth rates are really high, we'll spend more capital. But we like the operating income and the return on invested income over a long period of time because those assets we can monetize over a long period of time. Sam, how do you think about that? and both on the CapEx side for some of the folks providing these data centers, but also for your own business?

44:14Yeah, I very much agree with what Andy said. The investment needs to happen early, but the revenue growth and the ability to monetize that investment looks like it will continue to be steep over a long period of time. And like Andy, the more we see revenue growing, the more we see demand growing, the more we want to invest to be able to serve that on this 18 to 24 month lead time. So the fraction of revenue that goes into training will that will come down. But the total amount of capital that goes into training, I expect that to continue to increase. But I expect what Andy said to really hold true.

44:53Now, as the industry matures, like, you know, when Andy says 30 to 40 percent less expensive train, Trinium, that's a big deal. Everyone's very focused on how we're going to bring costs of delivering these services down. You know, people joke in our industry about intelligence too cheap to meter, but we want to get as close to that dream as possible. And getting very capital efficient on delivering these services at huge scale is how we see this working. And back to this exclusivity idea in terms of this statefulness effort. How long will this be with Amazon? Is it possible you're going to want to do this?

45:32I imagine other people are going to want to do this with you. I mean, this is sort of the next frontier of what agentic AI looks like, Sam. Yeah. Andy can talk about timelines and stuff if he'd like to. But we want to have a long, deep relationship here. We've done this in the past. We still have a long, stateless API exclusivity with Microsoft. and there's a nice thing about aligning with a partner on a piece of technology. And this is a place where I think an approach where we're really going to go together and do this together will be great for both companies. Andy, you know, one of the things I imagine people are going to be asking this morning is you've had a long relationship with Anthropic and Claude, and you had an early investment with them.

46:19How does this change that dynamic if it does at all? We still have a very strong relationship with Anthropic. Remember, we have lots of customers who run Claude Models and Bedrock. Anthropic has been early and very substantial customers and users of Tranium. They're training their next version of Claude as we speak on top of Tranium. And we have a significant investment in Anthropic as well. And they've always had multiple partners, and we do too. And so that relationship will stay strong. And we're really excited about the partnership we're building over a long period of time with OpenAI. Hey, Sam, while I have you here, just because I know everybody's fascinated by it, and it's sort of the story in the news this morning beyond this big news that you've just announced, which is this debate between the Pentagon and Anthropic about how to use these large language models and whether they can be used improperly and what kind of rules should be placed around them.

47:17What do you think? Look, first of all, the government, the Pentagon needs AI models. They need AI partners. This is clear. I think Anthropic and others have said they understand that as well. I don't personally think the Pentagon should be threatening DPA against these companies. But I also think that companies that choose to work with the Pentagon, as long as it is going to comply with legal protections and the few red lines that the field that we have, I think we share with Anthropic and that other companies also independently agree with. I think it is important to do that. I've been, for all the differences I have with Anthropic, I mostly trust them as a company.

47:59And I think they really do care about safety. And I've been happy that they've been supporting our warfighters. I'm not sure where this is going to go. In terms of OpenAI and where you go,$730 billion is a huge valuation. and$110 billion provides you what runway in terms of when you think about the timing of what that capital gives you, and then to the extent that you may think you need more capital in the future? I don't know the exact date, but it's a very long runway. I expect we will need more capital. I don't know what the form will be. It may not, you know, there's like a lot of ways we could continue to finance growth, but this is like a long runway from now.

48:34Related to that, and maybe Andy can speak to this, the other big story of the morning, which relates very much to AI, and I think we're all trying to understand it. You know, Andy, you and I have talked about jobs for a long time in AI. Jack Dorsey just announced a plan that effectively cuts 40 percent of his staff because he believes that AI is going to allow him to be just as productive, if not more so. And I wonder what your reaction is to that and what you think it portends for the rest of the rest of us, if you will. Well, I know I haven't really digested that news very much. And I think every company is going to make their own decisions on these things.

49:11And, you know, my view of it is what we've talked about in the past, Andrew, which is just, you know, I think that this is the most transformational technology shift that we've seen in our lifetime. I think it's going to impact the way we all do our work. And I do believe that a lot of the jobs that we've thrown human beings at the last 20 or 30 years, you won't need as many human beings doing those same jobs. But I also think there are going to be other jobs created. And that has always happened in every technology shift. And, you know, I mean, 15 years ago, there was no such thing as a cloud solutions architect.

49:47And today there are tens of thousands, maybe 100 ,000 plus of these types of jobs. So we will have lots of new jobs and, you know, and there'll be some sort of transition. And we'll all work through it together. Sam, before we let you go, you know, one of the things that people have always talked about is AGI. You and I have talked about AGI for a long time. One of the deals that you or terms you had in one of your earlier deals with Microsoft had to do with what happens once you get to AGI. So I was going to ask you whether any of those terms exist either in this fundraising round and sort of how far you think we are to that now.

50:23I don't have I can't tell you the exact date that AGI arrives. And also, you know, it's gotten to the point where people define it in different ways. The field is clearly making rapid progress. So I don't want to give a timeline. But if you look at what the current models are capable of, you hear people say, man, it feels like something I didn't expect to see this faster. I didn't expect to see this in my lifetime. I expect continued steep progress from here. I think we are all going to be surprised about the amount of AI progress the field sees this year, probably every year after that. So I don't have a timeline to give you, but it does feel like we are making maybe faster progress than even I expected.

51:06Does that change any of the deals, though? Are there these AGI term limits, if you will, in any of these transactions you're doing? The Microsoft one has one, as you mentioned. But going forward now. AGI will have a very strong, long relationship with Microsoft. We're not, given that we think it's like a nearer term thing now, we're not doing new deals that like, you know, stop when AGI gets reached. Fair enough. Sam and Andy, congratulations on the deal. It is a big one, a big tectonic shift in the AI business. And we appreciate you joining us first after the deal. We are delighted to get to work together.

51:43Thank you. Great to see you both. Looking forward to it. Thanks for having me. You bet. Thanks. Thank you for listening to Squawk Pod today and whenever you do. That wraps up the week for us here. Squawk Box is hosted by Joe Kernan, Becky Quick, and Andrew Ross Sorkin. You can tune in on TV weekday mornings on CNBC at 6 Eastern. Or get the best interviews, conversations, even jokes from our TV show right into your ears when you follow Squawk Pod wherever you get your podcasts. We'll meet you back here on Monday. Have a great weekend. We are clear. Thanks, guys.

52:50Transcription by CastingWords to trade brilliantly. Learn more at swap.com slash trading.

From the publisher

OpenAI has closed a staggering $110 billion funding round, more than doubling its record-setting raise from just a year ago. OpenAI CEO Sam Altman joins alongside Amazon CEO Andy Jassy to discuss the massive new capital infusion, the details behind OpenAI and Amazon’s $50 billion strategic partnership, and what comes next for agentic AI. Then, IBM vice chairman and former Trump NEC director Gary Cohn reacts to news that Block is cutting 40% of its workforce, citing AI efficiencies. Cohn discusses what those cuts signal about the future of work, the broader economy, and the market’s AI-fueled momentum. Plus, Paramount Skydance moves closer to a deal for Warner Bros. Discovery, and President Trump meets with New York City Mayor Zohran Mamdani.


 

Gary Cohn                       18:23

Sam Altman & Andy Jassy          32:55


 

In this episode:

Gary Cohn, @Gary_D_Cohn

Sam Altman, @sama

Andy Jassy, @ajassy

Joe Kernen, @JoeSquawk

Andrew Ross Sorkin, @andrewrsorkin

Zach Vallese, @ZachVallese


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