Why there are roving rotisserie chicken mobs

0:01Cardiff Garcia:NPR.

0:11Cardiff Garcia:This is The Indicator from Planet Money. I'm Darian Woods.

0:14Stacey Vanek Smith:I'm Waylon Wong.

0:16Cardiff Garcia:And I'm Adrian Ma. And we're here today to discuss rotisserie chickens.

0:20Stacey Vanek Smith:Oh, finally!

0:22Cardiff Garcia:I love a rotisserie chicken, but we're actually here to tackle your listener questions.

0:27Stacey Vanek Smith:So today we're looking at what the heck the M2 money supply is, how AI chatbots affect blind or low vision people, and whether rotisserie chickens are actually more difficult to buy.

0:41Cardiff Garcia:Oh, so we are talking about rotisserie chickens. Our first listener question comes from Haya Simkin.

0:47Stacey Vanek Smith:And I am from Haifa, Israel. I just listened to your episode on getting interviewed with a chatbot. I've heard repeatedly that 70 % of blind people worldwide who are capable of working don't get hired because of the stigma. Would a chatbot help to eliminate this bias? Okay, when we did our episode on these chatbot interviews, I remember the takeaway being surprisingly positive. That AI job interviews led to better hiring outcomes. people felt less discriminated against, although we did not talk explicitly about blind candidates.

1:28Cardiff Garcia:That's right. So we took this question to our original source for that episode, Brian Jabarian. As a reminder, Brian is a fellow at the University of Chicago School of Business, and he says he hasn't specifically researched how blind candidates do in AI interviews, But it is possible that a blind candidate might face less discrimination if the AI interview is voice only. They remove visual cues. So on that front, we could say that there is some potential for AI to reduce some form of visual discrimination.

2:03Stacey Vanek Smith:Now, that's if the interview is audio only. But then what about if the candidate has a certain accent or a really high voice or something that the AI might be trained to dislike?

2:14Cardiff Garcia:Well, here again, he says there's a lack of research, so it's hard to predict how a job candidate's vocal characteristics might be judged by an AI interviewer. Though interestingly, there is some research suggesting AI has a harder time understanding certain kinds of accents and non-native English speakers. So, Haya, I hope that partially answers your question. I wish we could give you a more definite answer. But thank you for raising this because I definitely think it points to an issue that's worth paying attention to as more companies use AI in their hiring processes.

2:46Stacey Vanek Smith:For sure. Okay, thank you for that, Adrian and Haya. Now on to Darian. It's time for your question.

2:52Cardiff Garcia:Okay, my question is from DJ Starfox. This is an alias, like an internet kind of thing from Mike. And here's Mike's question. Hey, guys at The Indicator. I heard the Fed is buying treasuries again. And I heard in an article it mentioned something about the M2 money supply. Can you tell me what that is? And should I be concerned about my retirement account? Thanks a lot, guys.

3:17Stacey Vanek Smith:Ah, yes. Good old M2 money supply. Dare I say my favorite money supply.

3:22Cardiff Garcia:Is it actually?

3:23Stacey Vanek Smith:It's either that or it's Scrooge McDuck's giant vault of gold. Two million, three million, four!

3:31Cardiff Garcia:That gold is appreciating rapidly. Scrooge McDuck was onto something. Leaving aside the McDuck vault, there are three often discussed ways of defining money supply. These are ways of measuring how much money we have in the economy, which is an important question because there's often a connection between the amount of money we have and inflation. Macroeconomics 101. Lay it out, Darian. So the smallest definition of the money supply is what's known as the monetary base, and that includes all the coins and bills in circulation, plus the balances within Federal Reserve banks. Next up is the M1 money supply.

4:10Cardiff Garcia:That also includes all the coins and bills, plus it includes money in your checking account or other very accessible accounts.

4:18Stacey Vanek Smith:All right, so you've got two slightly different ways of counting up coins and bills, and then M1 also includes the money we see in a lot of our bank accounts.

4:26Cardiff Garcia:Exactly. And the M2 money supply definition expands on this even further. It holds everything in M1 plus some CDs or certificates of deposit, you know, when you lock up your money for a set period until it matures. It also includes the money in these special accounts that everyday investors might have with investment brokers, money market funds. So Mike slash DJ Starfox asked if he should be worried about his retirement accounts because of how M2 might be affected by the Fed buying treasury bonds. Right. So for some background to this question, in December of last year, the Fed went from letting its treasuries leave the balance sheet to buying treasuries again.

5:07Cardiff Garcia:When the Fed purchases treasuries, it increases the money supply. Anna Kovner is the director of research at the Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond, and she says that was mostly a technical measure.

5:19Stacey Vanek Smith:To make sure that we maintain ample reserves in the banking system so we can have smooth functioning in short-term funding markets.

5:27Cardiff Garcia:And to avoid market stress. As the economy grows, after all, the reserves in the system needs to grow naturally too. So the Fed

5:36Stacey Vanek Smith:buying treasury bonds wouldn't necessarily affect DJ Star Fox's retirement account, like they wouldn't make his investments worth less or something.

5:45Cardiff Garcia:Not materially. Anna says we can leave that to interest rates.

5:49Stacey Vanek Smith:Because that's the main mechanism through which we are trying to stimulate or restrict demand in the U.S. economy. So your retirement's going to move with, depending on the nature of the assets that you hold in your retirement.

6:04Cardiff Garcia:So Mike, Mr. Starfox, if you're worried about your retirement account, watch the Fed's interest rate decisions. And thank you for your question. On to yours, Waylam Wong.

6:14Stacey Vanek Smith:My question comes from Anne Crowley. She's a 95-year-old listener in Rotterdam, New York. And her story was so good, we had to interview her because her question is about rotisserie chicken.

6:27Cardiff Garcia:Well, as a professional dancer, we were always very, very into nutritious food.

6:34Stacey Vanek Smith:But now, since I'm on a fixed income, it's even more important than before. Every week, her son takes her to the local BJ's to go grocery shopping, and she always picks up a rotisserie chicken, no problem.

6:47Cardiff Garcia:Now, the last few months, there have been no chickens. The hot plate is cold. And there's an angry mob standing around waiting. A angry mob? That sounds a little scary. I noticed the crowd, the angry crowd standing there again by the table. So I asked one of the women, I said, what's going on? She said, rotisserie chickens are coming out in 15 minutes. so I waited on the line like on a bread line in Russia and sure enough out came the chickens and the mob pounced and I of course pounced with them since I was part of the mob and lucky to get one but my thought is what is going on with these chickens the mystery of the rotisserie chicken has been haunting me this reminds me of like a Soviet aphorism, which is if you see a line, just get in line.

7:40Cardiff Garcia:Don't wait to ask what it's for. Just get in that line.

7:44Stacey Vanek Smith:I love this. And also I have noticed long lines at my Costco for rotisserie chickens, like people waiting for the chickens to come out. And then it's also like this hungry mob descending on the employee. So of course we had to answer Anne's question. So we went to Michael Baker. He's an equity research analyst covering retail stocks like Costco, Walmart, and BJ's. He says there is something going on with rotisserie chicken. There is more demand than usual.

8:11Cardiff Garcia:It's a great bargain. People really like it. There's a lot of inflation in the economy. This is one area, one product that hasn't seen inflation.

8:20Stacey Vanek Smith:Now, to be clear, chicken has seen some inflation, but not so much that, you know, it's put it out of reach for a lot of people. So if it seems like rotisserie chickens are harder to get in the grocery store, there is some validity to that.

8:33Cardiff Garcia:The weather in the country right now, the storms that we've seen has caused some disruption in terms of supply chains for a number of products, including potentially rotisserie chicken. But I think the bigger issue is demand has been really strong for that product.

8:50Stacey Vanek Smith:Yeah, demand is strong from Anne. It's strong from me and all the other angry mobs out there at their grocery store.

8:56Cardiff Garcia:Just picturing Waylon at her local Costco just throwing elbows.

9:00Stacey Vanek Smith:Oh, yeah. They've got my picture up on the wall in front. They're like, do not admit.