1028: Jonna Mendez | The Moscow Rules (Redux)

24:42They would just go, there's something weird about this passport and I don't know what it is, but it's my job to follow my gut when it comes to this sort of thing. So why don't you step in this room here? It doesn't even matter if they notice the staples. If they just get a, if it doesn't just fit the pattern completely 100%, it can trip somebody's subconscious alarm bells. Well, you know, when we were talking about documents, there's an offensive and a defensive side to that. Because we were in the business of making false documents, we became the experts in detecting counterfeits and forgeries.

25:15Back then, this was 25, 30 years ago, back then terrorists were traveling the world on their version of counterfeit travel documents. And they were full of mistakes that we saw. We'd see generations, you could almost tell, oh, they've got a new guy making them now because he's changed things. Now he's doing this and he's making that mistake. So we published, in my offices, we published something, a little book, and we gave it out to all of our friendly allies for their immigration people. And it was like, if you're looking at a fake, pick a country, a fake Italian passport. Well, when the terrorists are making fake Italian passports, they consistently make this mistake.

25:57So the immigration officer, when he had an Italian passport, he would go to the Italian page and see if that mistake was in the document he was looking at. The last time I looked, they had arrested over 200 terrorists based on that book. Oh, that's so interesting. Yeah. Yeah. I mean, you have to use the knowledge coming and going. It's like how they, I think I studied this as a kid. There's all these little things in the dollar bill, right? There's a frog on the leaf in the background. Yeah. That's fascinating. That's fascinating. I would imagine the mistakes are not necessarily visual things though, right?

26:30It could be like the string that's in the paper on the cover is slightly tan, and this is not. Could be anything. It could be anything. If you're replicating something, it's hard for you to find all of the security features in that document that you're copying. You can find maybe 95 % of them, but it's that 5 % that you don't find. That's what we put in our book. And then what would happen is the terrorists would find out that, oh, we were stopping those passports. And so they'd start, they'd do a new run and they'd make another mistake. And so we'd update our book. So we were always chasing behind them, trying to call out all the errors.

27:08They're kind of like Q from James Bond, but it's the CIA. And you create, did you create gadgets as well as items or was that just kind of different departments? We absolutely, we were Q. We provided the same services to the CIA. We were modeled after military models and after that British model, the CIA was sort of brought along by our allies in the UK. And so a lot of the things we did were things they had tried, you know, that worked. So in my office, this is my larger office called the Office of Technical Service. And that's what this book, Moscow Rules, is about really is the broader office, not just disguise, not just documents, but the people that did bugs, the people that built them, the people that turned into third-story guys that would go in and install those bugs.

27:57It's about the people that did all the research R &D on batteries for their entire careers. They're trying to make those batteries smaller and smaller and stronger and stronger so that we can pack more batteries into a bug so it'll last longer. Because once you put a bug in place, say it's a woodblock underneath a conference table in somebody's seventh floor conference room, you will never get back in to change the batteries. When the batteries die, you're done. That's it. Your operation is over. So the length of time that those batteries would last was just hugely important. We worked in clandestine photography.

28:34That was an area that I worked in extensively using very, very unique cameras, very unique. They were film cameras back then, working with low light level video, which is kind of where that technology came from. We needed it before the American consumer needed it. We needed to be able to do video in low light level. We could also do 35 millimeter photography in the dark without any light whatsoever. We invented things that nobody else really needed, but we needed. We were chemists. We were physicists, electrical, mechanical engineers, and then a lot of very, very narrow technical specialties. That formed about half of our office.

29:15and the other half were operations officers like me, like my husband, Tony, like a lot of other people out there. And we went and deployed the equipment. Half of us built it. The other half of us deployed it or trained people in how it worked. Now, disguise yourself as a super fan of this podcast by supporting the sponsors that support this show. We'll be right back. If you're wondering how I managed to book all these amazing people for the show, it is about my network, the circle of people I know, like, and trust. I know you're not booking for a podcast, But if you have a job or you have any sort of semblance of a social life, building your own network is a great idea.

29:50It is. We know it's the greatest thing for relationships. And if you're a spy, it might even save your life. Although I'm guessing that specific market segment is a little small for this podcast. Six Minute Networking is our course that will teach you all of this in a non-cringy, down-to-earth way. No awkward strategies or cheesy tactics. Just practical stuff that will make you a better connector, a better colleague, a better friend, a better peer. And I've taught this to spy agencies around the world. Yes, that is true. So in six minutes a day is all it takes. I spent slightly more than six minutes teaching this when I do it in person, which I will probably never do again because it's painful.

30:21And many of the guests on our show subscribe and contribute to the course. Come on and join us. You'll be in smart company where you, of course, belong. And you can find the course for free over at sixminutenetworking.com. Now back to John and Mendez. It's funny to think about tiny cameras being kind of the height of technology in the age of satellites, right? We have a man has walked on the moon. We have satellites orbiting the Earth for communication and espionage. But it's like, hey, can you make a camera that can take pictures in the dark? You don't think about that because you think of that almost as old technology, but it really isn't.

30:55It's very handy if you can do that. If you can be non-alerting while you're collecting the intelligence. So if you back up for a minute and you look at what our main mission was, it was to collect intelligence for our policymakers in Washington. on the plans and intentions of our enemies. That's distilling it down just about as clear as you can get it. We wanted to know, what are they going to do next? So today, somewhere out at Langley, they put together a program for all CIA around the world. And one of the priority items in our next year program will be, what is Kim Jong-un, what's he doing, and what's he going to do?

31:36And another piece of it will be, what's Putin doing? What's he going to do? And it gets specific. What about their nuclear program? Where is it? Where is it going? And country by country, it's a program call. And then CIA spreads it out and says, who has access to this information? Who in the world knows the answers to these questions? Okay, let's go recruit them. Let's go get them on our side. Let's go find them and meet them and see if we can't get some of them to work for us. That's kind of how that whole thing plays out. Our job at OTS in this Q office was to provide our case officers with whatever they needed to further their recruitment effort.

32:20Or if they had an operation that was going live, to help keep it clandestine. And a really big part of it for me was also to protect those foreigners that are working for us. Keep them alive. They will provide as much intelligence as they can. And then if we need to, exfiltrate them. If something goes wrong, if there's trouble, we always had agreed up front when we recruited them that we will come in, we will get you. We will come and get you and your family and we will get you out. That was the deal. A lot of people might not realize that a lot of slash most intelligence or at least the human intelligence was gathered by people who lived in the country that were Russians, for example.

33:00I think a lot of folks have a spy movie kind of idea of what the CIA does, and they're thinking, you're an agent, you're trained, and you're running around flown in from Virginia, and now you're in Moscow running around taking photos of documents. But it's the people that those people recruit that work in the place where the documents are stored, maybe, for example, that are taking the photos and then handing them off. And I think a lot of folks actually don't realize that. So that's, to clarify for the audience, that's what I think, you know, is important here, because those people are taking a huge risk.

33:28If someone who's flown in from Virginia and has diplomatic immunity and they have diplomatic cover, they get arrested, they get booted out of the country, persona non grata usually, right? So they can't come back. But if somebody who's Russian or Soviet citizen gets caught, they get shot by a firing squad, I think if they're lucky. They do. Yeah. They do. They get executed and their families go through hell. I mean, their families are then marked for the rest of their lives. Can't get good jobs, can't get much of anything because they were part of the family of the trader. It's serious business.

34:00The engineers at CIA in the 70s sound kind of like tech startup engineers of today. So eccentric, a little bit, maybe sometimes awkward, brilliant, very focused. Kind of nerdish. Yeah. Yeah. I wasn't going to say it, but go ahead. They were lovely. I'm not sure how we hired some of them because back then, and maybe this is true today, we, because we were a government agency, could never offer, say, the engineers the same salary that they would get from some big corporate office. We could not compete with those salaries. And I used to go on some of the recruiting efforts. So what we'd have to do is find just the right people.

34:40And we'd say, look, we can't actually tell you what you'll be doing, but you'll be working in your field. You'll be on the cutting edge of your field. You will be inventing new technology. You'll be helping us solve some of these requirements. It's work worth doing. Why not do something that matters? Why not do something that makes a difference? And so some of them would come to us. I tend to think that some of the most interesting ones came to us because our technical officers went on to win awards and invent technology that didn't even exist yet. I mean, they were into bubble memory long before the private industry was.

35:17We were looking into areas that the small batteries, for instance, that eventually spilled out into the commercial market. They're in hearing aids and our watches and our phones and all of that stuff today. We were pushing technology to solve our problems. And I think some of the people that were helping us do that were just amazing. I mentioned one in the book. His name was George, and he was our battery expert. And I used to laugh because I would say, you know, short of being a urologist, I can't think of a more boring profession than to be... A battery expert, but, I mean, he made a huge difference in the commercial technology, made a difference at CIA, and then went on years later to some fame and glory.

36:01He capped his career when he was part of the team that saved the Hubble telescope. Yeah. And that telescope was having a power source problem, and George was part of the team that figured out, you know, how to fix it. So we just kind of stand over on the side whenever we hear one of our guys has done yet one more wonderful thing and we applaud. We had amazing talent. I know one of the things you worked on primarily was disguise. I thought that was kind of funny because when I think disguise, I think early 1900s or like black and white silent film, Charlie Chaplin mustache. You know, I don't really think 1973, which is according to the book, kind of when disguise really started to be taken seriously.

36:41You got help from Hollywood. Why is it important then? Or why did it start to really take off then? You know, a lot of what we did in disguise that was above and beyond wigs and mustaches was for Moscow because it was such a tough place to work. In some parts of the world, you don't need that much in the way of disguise. In some parts of the world, you might wear a wig and a mustache when you're meeting. Maybe you're having a drink with your agent, your foreign agent, or maybe you're out in a park and you're just walking, talking, but you don't want to be seen with that agent. But the thing you're worried about more than security in that country is that maybe your next door neighbor from pick a place from New York City, from Manhattan, maybe the next door neighbor in the apartment down the hall from you is also in Paris and he's going to walk by and see you and come over and want to talk.

37:26And you can't talk. You can't be Bill that night, even though your real name is Bill, because the person you're with, he thinks your name is Jean. And that happens so often. It sounds odd, but it did. That was a reason to wear a disguise. And so we would give, those were called traditional disguise. And everybody had a traditional disguise just in case they needed it. When terrorism started happening, we started getting walk-ins at our embassies around the world. Terrorists coming in, they wanted to see what the inside of the embassy looked like. So they'd show up. They'd show up at the Marine Guard at post one, and they'd say, I want to talk to an intelligence official.

38:06And if they really wanted to, they'd say, I have some information that they would want. So the Marine Guard would have to call us. Somebody would have to go down and talk to them. There was a protocol for who would go. There was a protocol for how to manage this. But on a lot of occasions, all the terrorists wanted to do was see what the CIA guy looked like. And then they were going to set up outside. They were going to wait for him to come out in his car. And they were going to follow him home, see where he lived. Did he have a wife? Did he have a dog? Did he have a kid? And maybe start planning something that was going to be really uncomfortable for that family.

38:37So those traditional disguises started becoming a little bit like body armor. And our guys started using disguise much more frequently than they had before. They didn't even care if the terrorists knew that they were in disguise. They just didn't want the terrorists to be able to identify them. That was a push in the area of disguise that started at about that time, about the 70s. That makes sense. I can imagine somebody being like, I don't have time to put this disguise on. They're like, just wear the hockey mask from the Friday the 13th guy. At least he won't know what you look like. Or like, go down, here's a kangaroo mask.

39:10Go down there with your Richard Nixon mask on or whatever. It makes sense that you would want to not let somebody who you don't know, who's acting shady, just find out what you look like and follow you home in Iran or whatever. Oh, absolutely. Yeah, there were a lot of incidents. And it encouraged our men to use their disguise, and that made their operations safer. It made everybody safer. So that was kind of a moment when disguise started becoming more of your operational planning. In Moscow, it became sometimes, frequently, the only way you could do your job was to use some form of disguise, some operation, some deception, some illusion, some...

39:49And that's when we went out to Hollywood and we talked to the magicians. Actually, we talked to the magic builders, the people behind the magicians who create these moments on stage that we all look at and with our mouths hanging open like, Like, just a minute, there was an elephant there a minute ago, and then he walked in that box. And now they've opened the box, and the elephant's gone. Where? Where's the elephant? And you look at these kinds of illusions, and you say, your logical mind says, the elephant has to still be there. But your eyes, your eyes are saying, no, no, he's gone. There's no elephant on that stage.

40:23There is no elephant. We wanted to learn how to hide an elephant, among other things. We had things we wanted to hide. It might not be that big, but we wanted to know, how do you pull that off? And off we went. And that was all for Moscow. There's no other city in the world that we needed it. I heard that you disguised an African-American and an Asian man as two white guys, which that is super impressive. I mean, I can almost see how you could do it the other way around, you know, but like doing it that direction seems even more complicated somehow. Well, it was for a car meeting and it was in a kind of a dicey situation.

40:57So the idea of having the African-American and the American diplomat in the same car at the same time was going to draw some undue attention. So in that particular operation, we didn't use a fine, fine, finely crafted mask. We used the equivalent of a stunt double mask. I mean, that's what it was. And it was a stunt double mask for Rex Harrison, the movie star. We used his face. I can't tell you how many times. We could make his stunt double mask, and then we would paint it. You could paint it to be dark. You could paint it to be Caucasian. You could put a wig on it. You could turn it into a woman, although she was not a very pretty woman, but that wasn't the issue.

41:40You could do a lot. You couldn't get too close to it, but in a car for a car meeting. My husband had this story when they first started using them. The agent and the case officer were in the car. The agent had on the stunt double mask. They're both Caucasian now. Now, my husband had made diplomatic ID cards for them because he could do that. And they came to a roadblock. And this is like, oh, my God, they didn't plan on that. They came to a roadblock. They stopped the car. They held up their diplomatic ID cards. The guards looked in the window, looked at the cards, waved them through. And this was just euphoria back at headquarters.

42:17Oh, my God. That works so well. Somewhere there's this old Russian guy who's talking about the time he met Rex Harrison in Moscow. Probably. Yeah. You can't, I saw that movie star guy today. You guys aren't going to believe who drove through the checkpoint. What? That doesn't make any sense. Yeah. Yeah. He's got a twin brother. Yeah. Yeah. The idea of identity transfer takes a big part of the book. Can you tell us a little bit about what this is? It's not just hair samples, facial imprints, but it's like creating a, I'm trying to explain this like you're creating a model of somebody else that exists so that you can kind of clone them and put them in different places so that maybe if you're cloning me, I have plausible deniability because I'm on camera at the Lakers game, but really I'm at a meeting with an agent or something like that.

43:06Is that kind of what's going on here? That went to our more advanced mask technology, not stunt double masks, but masks that came out of Hollywood, came out of their Hollywood. There was a man named John Chambers who won all kinds of Oscars for makeup, and he had done the mask for Planet of the Apes. Well, we didn't want that, but we were very interested how he fitted those eyes because the eyes were just right on, and they could express emotion in those masks, and that was the direction we wanted to head. What we ended up with was something that was, actually, it was just, it was amazing. They were animated, lifelike masks.

43:46And we could create any kind of character over your face. We would fit it to your face. But we could also make your face for another person. So we could make a twin for you, for instance. If we had two of you, there'd be a donor and there'd be a recipient. So the case officer would be the donor. The recipient would be someone about the same build, same height, same weight, generally. We'd put the case officer's face on the recipient. So now you had two people that looked strikingly the same. And this is what happens in the magic industry out in Hollywood. And this is what explains a whole lot of tricks that take place on stage.

44:25That they're not twins, but they're very, very similar. They're always women. They're always blonde. I don't know. It's a thing. If you have two people that look a lot alike and you're in Moscow, out, then you can pre-position one of those people who wouldn't be getting huge surveillance because he's not a CIA officer. You could position him maybe in a shop, in a cafe somewhere, and you could have our case officer come along on foot and he could step into that cafe or whatever it is and come out with maybe a menu, maybe a book of matches, maybe a poster about some music, whatever it is. So surveillance sees him, he goes in and he comes right out with something in his hand that explains why he stepped in that doorway.

45:09And he goes on down the street. But that's the double that comes out. And they follow the double all night long. And the real case officer is now without surveillance and can go do the things he needs to do, which would be to put down a dead drop, to pick something up, to put up a signal, to mail something, to make a phone call, maybe to meet with someone. Those things that you cannot do if you have surveillance. That makes sense. So if you see me on video doing really bad karaoke, it's not me. It's my body double. I'm on a spy mission for the CIA. And this is the dork they put in my place. Right.

45:46Yeah, yeah. This exactly. He looks like he's had too much to drink. You got to work on your recruiting, folks. I think for me, if I were in a disguise, I'd be so paranoid that other people could see it. It would be like that time I tried marijuana in college, I'd be like, they know I'm in a disguise. Everyone knows they can see me. You know, I would be weird. I would act weird. You're absolutely right. I mean, that's how it is. I remember the first time I put on a disguise. Putting on the disguise isn't the hard part. What the hard part is wearing it in public. I went into a, it's back here, it's called 7-Eleven.

46:18I went into a 7-Eleven in my disguise and I just kind of browsing and I thought, oh God, they're going to think I'm going to steal something. I mean, they're going to come over. Yeah. And you do get paranoid. And that's why when we were disguising someone for the first time, they'd come in initially and we'd figure out what we're going to do. And then they go away. And we'd have the hair goods made and whatever we're putting together. Then they come back for like a final fitting and put everything on. We'd say, is it feel okay? Yeah. Is it comfortable? Yeah. You think you're going to use this?

46:47Yeah. We'd say, great. Go down to the cafeteria and have lunch and then come back. This is at CIA headquarters where everybody knows everybody in the cafeteria where your office probably has a table, where your boss is going to be there, where everybody's going to be there. And they would go and discover that no one paid any attention to them. It's empowering. Once you get through that, you go, wow, you know, I'm hiding in plain sight and no one even knows I'm here. That is so cool. And it was only after we went through that process with them that we thought they might use it when they went overseas.

47:22without that initial exposure, they would have put it in some sort of a little dop kit and put it in the back of their safe drawer and never use it. Yeah, I can see that. You have to kind of be able to go to Starbucks, grab a coffee, do a walk outside, go to the gym, do a light workout, sit around and read, drive home, and basically forget you have the dang thing on, almost. That's the point you want to get to. You don't want it to get in the way of whatever you're doing. You don't want to be distracted because you've got this outfit on. You want to be unencumbered. You want to be incognito and fully aware of what you need to be doing.

47:58Yeah, I would imagine you also have to learn how to like eat and drink with fake facial features that don't end up with you dribbling everything down your chin and not noticing. You know, there are limits what you can do. You can't do everything. You can brief a president of the United States, but it's hard to drink through a straw. It has restrictions, but it also has freedom. That's funny. I never even thought about that, right? You can do all these amazing, super complicated things. But man, if you want to drink a Diet Coke through a straw, you are out of luck, man. You got to wait till you get home.

48:29We thought they could live with that. Yeah, I think it's a fair trade. We do read about all these old school dead drops. You mentioned a dead drop, like a fake wooden log that holds messages or a used milk carton with fake vomit on it on the ground. I wonder, is all this stuff obsolete now because of technology and encryption? Like, do we just send them encrypted emails and we're good now? Or is low-tech even more necessary now, maybe because of advanced electronic surveillance? And here we go into this hall of mirrors. I don't know the answer to your question because I'm not there anymore and I don't need to know.

49:01My common sense would tell me that a lot of this is still used, but in a different configuration than what I knew. Otherwise, they're not going to let me talk about it or write it in my book. And by the way, just for your peace of mind, they're not going to come and get you. Because everything that we're talking about is in that book and has been cleared by CIA. Two years ago, we never would talk about masks. We never did. We've been gone for a long time. We've never, ever mentioned masks. All of a sudden, it's okay. So it may be that the form that their masks or their identity transformations, they may be changing the way they do it.

49:41I simply don't know. Yeah, that makes sense. I would imagine that it's not even worth speculating. We're never going to find out, so it doesn't matter. And even if we did, nobody could confirm whether or not we were right or wrong. Someday someone will be arrested somewhere, and there'll be something in a paper. We'll read it closely and we'll go, oh, that's what they're doing. Right. That makes sense. Yeah, that's how we'll find out. How do you evaluate incoming assets or volunteers? So the people who work for a foreign government, or maybe they're, like in the Soviet Union, a Russian scientist knocks on the window of a car, and you had the story of this guy who kept trying to get people's attention over and over and over.

50:14And whoever was being approached by him just kept thinking, this guy's obviously KGB. It's so obvious he's knocking on my car window. He's showing up at my door. How do you evaluate these people? How do you know if they're crazy and delusional or if they're the real deal? How do you even begin to test someone for that? The guy that you're describing was Adolf Tokachev. He was probably the most brilliant spy we ever had. He was known as the billion-dollar spy for value of the intelligence that he gave us back then. It would be double, triple that now. There was a real fear of what we call dangles, of double agents being sent to us claiming they wanted to work for us when, in fact, they didn't.

50:56They just wanted to learn about us and see who would meet with them and see what kind of questions we would ask them, because that would tell us where the holes were in our intelligence. I mean, they could, by running a double agent against us, they could learn a lot. Tokachev, it took him five tries to get through to us, and it was just almost crazy. Stansfield Turner was the head of CIA back then. He almost shut down Moscow Station. There had been some incidents, and he didn't want any more incidents. There were a lot of reasons. There's James Angleton back at headquarters. He was our counterintelligence person, and he was a little over the top on all of that.

51:31But our chief of station at the time, finally, just decided that we had to meet this man and see what he had. What he had was just pure gold. It was the equivalent of their Pentagon's future plans for radar. This was the beginning of it. For ground-based and airborne radar systems, their new technology that they were going to start producing and they were going to have operational in 10 years. And we had that information 10 years before they built it. Enough time for the Pentagon to build the countermeasures so by the time it came out, we already could defeat it. It was amazing. That is amazing.

52:11Absolutely amazing. And this man was amazing. He loved his country. It goes back to this thing about Stalin and the purges. Both he and his wife had these terrible stories of what had happened to their parents, to their families during the purges. They could never, ever forgive what happened. We offered to exfiltrate Tolkachev. He said no. He didn't want to leave the country. He wanted to help the West work against his country. And he was arrested and he was executed. There was a man in the middle named Trigon, the third case. There are three big cases that we about in that book. Trigon was one of the few who asked for an L pill.

52:51He was a really valuable agent. He said, I'll work for you on one condition, and that is that you give me the ability to take my own life. If they arrest me, I don't want them to be able to do what they're going to do. And there were all these terrible rumors about what they were going to do. He knew that execution would certainly be part of it. But the question was, how will they do it? And the rumors were that they were feeding people into these crematoriums, feet first, alive. So nobody knew if that was true, but he was hedging his bet and he said, if they arrest me, I want to be able to make the decision myself.

53:29So they arrested him eventually. Everybody eventually got arrested. They stripped him down to his briefs in this room and they took every piece of equipment he had with him and they said, we want you to write your confession. And he said, well, comrades, I will write my confession, but I want to write it with my Montblanc pen over there on that table with my clothes and everything else. So they brought him his Montblanc pen. And we had put that L pill we gave him in the cap of the Montblanc pen. We had milled it out so that it was just paper thin, that cap, and he knew where it was. And he bit down on it.

54:04He took the pen and he just put it in his mouth and bit down on it. It was cyanide. The Russians, in their report to their supervisor, said he was dead before he hit the floor, which is the way he wanted it. Now, Tokachev, the one that gave us the information on the radar, he was the other one, wanted an L pill. Those are the only two cases I ever knew of where they asked for it, and they both had to fight to get it. We didn't want to be giving out suicide pills to anybody, but if that was the last straw, we would do it. Tokachev had one of those pills, but it wasn't with him when he was arrested.

54:35It was home in his desk. He didn't have it with him, so he couldn't use it. That's horrible. I know. It's straight out of James Bond. This is dark, and I'm not trying to make light of somebody having to take their own life, but if that's the first time this type of thing was used, this is kind of like the OG suicide pill story, right? I mean, you see it in spy movies. It's a cliche now. Like, you have this suicide device or the suicide pill in a necklace or something like that. Is that where this comes from? I think this probably comes out of some sort of a military... You know, before the CIA, there was OSS.

55:09Before OSS, there were even some earlier forms of intelligence agencies turned into the CIA. But I think during World War II, probably, it came out of that kind of a climate. Now, you may never be a legendary spy or head of disguise for the CIA, but you can still be a legend and support the sponsors that support this show. We'll be right back. If you like this episode of the show, I invite you to do whatever's smart and considerate and probably very good looking listeners do, which is take a moment and support our sponsors. All of the deals, discount codes, and ways to support the show are searchable and clickable over at jordanharbinger.com slash deals.

55:44I am happy to surface codes for you. If you can't find it, the code's not working. You're not sure if it exists. Email me, jordan at jordanharbinger.com. We're happy to surface that for you because it is that important that you support those who support the show. Now for the rest of my conversation with John and Mendez. If you get a walk-in like a Soviet engineer or scientist somebody from the Soviet Pentagon who's stealing documents, they have no clandestine operations training. How do you train them in what they need to know to avoid counter surveillance by the KGB? I would have no idea how to stay covert while stealing documents and taking photos of them and delivering them.

56:21And you can't fly me to the United States from Moscow, train me for two months and then plop me back at work. So how does it work? It's actually very simple. If you have a real operation. You have someone who has access to the information and is willing to work with us. We have a case officer there who's going to run it out of some situation. That foreign agent should not have surveillance. If he has surveillance, you don't have an operation. He has to be just a member of the masses wherever he's working. If he's working in an aeronautical company, if he's working in a chemistry, if he's working at their nuclear plant, wherever he's working, he has to be, he will be just a normal guy who goes to work every day and comes home.

57:06No one will follow him. He's not suspicious. If he's suspicious, you don't really have an operation. So that's all set up when you do the recruiting. When you find the person that you think can give you the information, they're willing to give it to you, they have access to it, and they can do it in a way that is not alerting, and they can use my little tiny cameras so that they won't be seen taking photographs. They won't be fingered that way. You set it up to protect that foreigner and let him get the information that we want. And then the risk is the American going to meet with him because the American will have surveillance, not the foreigner.

57:47The way that they're found out is if we lead them, if we lead surveillance to them. And that's where all these tricks about disguise and identity transfer and pop-up dummies in cars and all of that technology comes in to keep the KGB from following our case officer to meet with the agent. And for 10 years, we would not meet with an agent in Moscow. It was too dangerous. No matter what we did, we didn't think that we could guarantee that we wouldn't somehow tip them off to who the Russian was that was working for us. So we didn't meet them face to face. We did it all with dead drops. We would take our tasking memorandum, our letter, whatever form it took, it might be on film.

58:33We would conceal it in, you mentioned a couple of them, we'd conceal it in a fake brick or a fake rock or a fake tree limb or a crushed can or an old dirty glove from a construction site covered with grease, or like you said, my favorite, the milk carton with vomit on the outside, or a dead rat. Those were concealment devices made so that we could put them down in a very particular place, and the foreign agent knew where that place was. And then we would do that. We would place it, say, by a telephone pole. We had to get away from surveillance in order to even do that. We had to absolutely know that we did not have surveillance when we put that thing down by the telephone pole.

59:18And then we had to go and put up a signal, a particular signal. It might be a chalk mark. It might be lipstick scratched on something. It could take many forms. And the signal would mean, because the agent would walk by that site every day or he'd drive by. Say it's a mailbox. The agreed upon place for the signal is on the mailbox. He would drive by. Every day he'd drive by that mailbox on his way to work. And one day he'd see a white stripe on it. ah, they put something down for me, and I know it's going to be by that tree, so I'll go get it. And then after he picks it up, then he has to put a signal up somewhere where we drive by.

59:53That means, I got it. It's not lying out there in the open anymore. I got it. This is what, if you can't meet with him face-to-face, this is what it turns into. And it's tedious, and it's very carefully done, because if you make a mistake, I mean, it's a big mistake. I can the amount of pressure these people are I mean you're under pressure with these people are under absolutely insane amounts of pressure I know you had the car the pop-up doll I guess you would say in the car to make it look like somebody was still in the car when they weren't it sounds like the singing mannequins at Chuck E. Cheese you remember those no well maybe we're a different generation I don't know maybe but like you maybe you've seen these so there's like mannequins that would be in a rock band and they could kind of talk and move around and obviously someone was controlling them and they had little cameras in them.

1:00:40This is like in the 80s. It sounds like this sort of automated people and they look kind of real, especially if you're not right next to it. And I know originally you'd started using, what was it like sex dolls and inflating them using gas canisters concealed in briefcases, the pop-up silhouette. That's what it was called, right? Yeah. And in the book, it was Tony's story. He was, he was somewhere in the Middle East finishing something and he's sitting outside having a beer with a friend. And they said, We need, you know, for car surveillance, we need a new idea. And they came up with this idea of a pop-up dummy.

1:01:11And they called it a jack-in-the-box, a jib. And initially it was these sex dolls that I'd never heard of. So somebody had to walk me through that. Right, sure. They sent a cable back home to headquarters and said, we need about a dozen of these things. And so two of our little young engineers with their high-water pants and all their pins in their pockets and, you know, these kind of nerdy little guys, they went down to Al's Magic Shop down by the White House and they bought a dozen sex dolls. And they came back and they said, don't ever send us there again. Yeah, I have a, the good news is I have a punch card and the next one is free, but please don't make me go back there.

1:01:46Oh, that is the best. Well, that's what they started with. The gas inflated, they thought they had something, but they put them in briefcases. One of them was being tested behind the iron curtain in Warsaw, it was, by one of the wives, just to see, because the driver of the car would deploy it. This was a pop-up dummy would start out in a briefcase on the floorboard. The case officer would step out of the car. The wife would hit a button or the driver would hit a button. This dummy would pop up wearing the wig, wearing the same clothes as the guy that had just left. Trailing surveillance would come around the corner.

1:02:22There's still two people in the car and they'd follow that car all night. They never knew. This was always one of the goals. They should not know because then if they ever figured it out, they'd think that they goofed up. Not that you escaped, but that it was their fault. It's what we always wanted to happen. Anyway, when she was doing that, the gas came out of the canisters. It was so cold because of the compression that it froze the plastic sex doll and she exploded. And the wife evidently just freaked out. So we went out to Hollywood to our magic people and we said, is there a better way to do this?

1:02:53And oh, there was such a better way to do it. In the book, the first deployment of it, the first operational deployment, it was in a birthday cake. The chief of station was driving. The passenger needed to get out of the car. The chief of station's wife was in the back seat. And the birthday cake was in the back seat. So when the person stepped out of the car, the cake went on the passenger seat. Somebody hit the button. The dummy popped up. It was perfect. It worked really well. I mean, they are behind you. They don't drive up next to you and peer at you. They're being a little discreet. You know they're there, and they know you know they're there.

1:03:26But they're not going to come up and, like, wave at you through the window or anything. But the head on that dummy turned. So it could turn to the driver, and then it could turn and look out the passenger window. It was fairly realistic. That's how Ed Howard, who was one of our huge traders at CIA, he gave away all our secrets, and then he fled to Russia years ago. That's how he escaped. He went to his local hardware store and bought the supplies to make a homemade jack-in-the-box. He used a plunger like you use with a toilet. He used a styrofoam head that we used as a wig block. He put his wig that we gave him on it.

1:04:06He put his safari jacket that he always wore on it. And he fooled the FBI in Santa Fe and escaped to Moscow, where he lived the rest of his life. I always wonder if people like that who went behind the Iron Curtain got there and after a few months were like, oh, shit, this was not a good move. You hope that, don't you? Yeah, totally. Because you'd think like, wow, you cost a lot of innocent people their lives and in exchange for what? Like not a whole lot. I mean, you don't see a whole lot of people fleeing to North Korea across the DMZ. Exactly. Right, for example. That's a good example. Yes, that's absolutely true.

1:04:42So yeah, who knows? I'm just always so curious. And I've made this call out on the show before. If anybody knows any Americans who defected to the Soviet Union in the 80s, I am dying to talk to them because I'm so curious, you know, what they think. And now they can probably speak a little more freely. I'd love to hear a balanced version of that besides the one I built in my head, which is that they regret it, right? I don't follow Snowden. I know he pops up on screens. He talks. I'd really be interested to know how he's feeling about his decision. Sure. If I were him, I think I would be pretty worried to say anything because if they decide he can't live there anymore, he's in even deeper trouble than he's already in.

1:05:16He is. Yeah. Yes, he is. The amount of pressure these assets are under, though, is beyond stressful. The guy, was it Tokachev, who put the cyanide pill under his tongue every time his boss said, can you come to my office? Because he thought he was going to get arrested. Yes. And he burned like hundreds of thousands of dollars because he thought, oh, they're going to find this evidence. And it just turned out to be a false alarm, which is like setting millions of dollars on fire when you make$200 a month or something in the Soviet Union. Yes. Yeah. Yeah. Not everybody can handle that kind of pressure.

1:05:46And these guys that were doing it, they knew there were consequences that they were caught. and they knew what the consequence was. And you know, the other thing is that they, typically their families didn't know what they were doing. They couldn't trust them with it. Not that the families would rat them out, but that the families might slip up and somehow make a mistake. And so most of the people that worked for us like this were on their own. They were doing this completely separate from their real lives. This was just a category of work that no one knew about but the CIA. And there's a, I don't have a copy of the book with me now because I gave it to someone this morning.

1:06:20There's a comment from Gina Haspel in the book. She's the current head of CIA. And she's talking about how the CIA is the keeper of the human intelligence source. That means people, of people. And that no technology can replace these people. And they need to be met. And they need to be reassured. And they need to look you into the eye and be told how important what they're doing is and that it's worth the risks that they're taking. And she kind of pulls that out of the air and says that you can't do this job without these human beings that are willing to take these risks. It's absolutely true.

1:06:55I'm confused, though. There was something where he was supposed to exfil, but his wife was too large that he was worried she couldn't fit into the plane. Is that what I understood? That's what he said. I think that he just didn't want to leave. You don't want to stereotype, but mostly they did not want to leave. They'd rather take a chance than leave. But he did say that his wife was too heavy. Wow. Yeah. I never saw a picture of her, so I don't know. But there was one other case, just real quickly, in the book where an author back here in the States had written a book that had, I don't know if he meant to, but he had identified one of our Russian sources who was no longer working for us, no longer doing what he did, but it was very clear to anyone who read the book who he was.

1:07:35And our chief of station in Moscow decided that we had to alert this guy and offer to move We were always ready to move them. We actually had document packages for all of these people, ready, passports, everything they'd need to get out of the country. But our chief of station couldn't get rid of surveillance. And he wasn't a man who was out on the street a lot. So he was maybe not as clever at working this surveillance thing. He wanted to go meet the Russian and say, your life is in danger. This book has been published. We couldn't stop this book. It's going to be out. They're going to come and get you.

1:08:11They're going to execute you. So he was trying to get to the door to knock on the door, and he couldn't get out of the embassy. But my husband had been there about a year before and had left behind a contingency disguise. It was called the Carol disguise, because there was a woman in the embassy, had nothing to do with us, who liked to ice skate. And she had this distinctive big blonde hair, kind of Dolly Parton hair. And so the way we got to that agent to warn him was our chief of station, dressed up like a woman. This is a real man who did this. put on the dress, got Carol's ice skates, put them in her lap, put on Carol's wig, got Carol's husband to drive, it's in Carol's car.

1:08:49They'd drive through the gates of the embassy to go out. These were people that were never followed because they just weren't out. They couldn't be spies. So our chief of station, dressed up as a woman, ended up knocking on the guy's door and saying, you know, there's nothing we can do except we can rescue you right now. You want to go? The guy said, no, I'll take my chances. And he stayed. And because he was a war hero and a very celebrated war hero in Russia, they didn't kill him. So he got it. It's a good ending. It's one of the few. It's one of the few good endings. So he was so decorated that if it came out, he was a spy, it would have just been damaging to the country's morale.

1:09:27Like, well, if he's a spy, maybe this place is going to hell in a handbasket, that kind of thing. I think it's that kind of thing. I think that's what it was. But he knew, or he thought he knew. He said, thank you. Actually, he said some things that were really profane, but they were just heat of the moment. No way in hell I'm going to leave the motherland. Wow. I mean, those guys have brass balls. You all do, honestly. Like, it's really, reading the book, you're like, oh gosh, what's going to happen next? Please don't kill the, oh, he got killed. You know, it's like really upsetting, and the risk level is so high.

1:10:00Even like you said before, you don't even meet these agents for years and years and years because it's too dangerous to do. There was one situation in which I think the guy had done something with the wax of the ink and he had spilled the decoder stuff on it and it obscured the message. What if you destroy the coded message? What do you do? You have to explain in the next drop like, hey, sorry, Warthog7, HQ spilled coffee over that thing you just risked your life to give us. Can you just make another one and drop it off real quick? Like, what can you even do? I think that was the hairiest moment in the book.

1:10:33That was an operation that my husband was, he happened to be in station when that happened. This message came in. The message was, the agent had prepared the message wrong. He had used, it sounds ridiculous, he'd used the wrong kind of paper. He used paper that had a wax, like butcher paper. A butcher might put some meat in it, so it's waterproof. That's not what you're supposed to do. He had written it in cursive instead of block letters. Cursive is harder to read if you're doing secret writing. He had just sent this message. And when they went to develop it, this is secret writing, and it's not lemon juice and heat.

1:11:08This is a very sophisticated system, but the developer had alcohol in it. So what you take the letter and you basically float it in a tray of liquid that has alcohol in it, that and only that will develop the message. So the man that's developing it, not my husband, but another man. He puts it in the tray, and you do it by inspection. You watch it, and he's looking, and he sees the message. He sees it come up. It's just like developing an old photograph. So he can see the message. It's all in Russian. He can't read it, but he can see it. And he goes to pull it out of the liquid, and the letters just float off the page and dissolve.

1:11:46And it was a nightmare because this particular message was so important. This man had just come into country and it was the one chance, are we going to meet him or not? Is he going to meet with us or not? Because a lot of agents, you meet them outside of the country and they're like, oh, sure, yes, I'll work for you. I would do this. Not a problem. And when they get back to Russia and they look around, they go, well, I don't know. This looks pretty dangerous. So we're never really sure if they're going to show up once they return to their country. But his message, they worked night and day to develop that message.

1:12:17They used photography. They pulled out all the old writing in his file, compared it to the little shreds that were left, and they put together what they thought was a message, but it was still in Russian. It was my husband working on this, so he didn't know what it said. He didn't even know if it said anything, if these were really letters. And the chief of station came and leaned over him and looked, and it said, I will meet you. And it was, you know, big cheers all around. He was going to make that meeting. he was going to work with us. And he turned out to be, that was the agent that bit down on the lethal pill eventually and killed himself.

1:12:56But in between the letter and the lethal pill, he gave us some amazing, amazing intelligence. I can only imagine just the level of risk. You wouldn't do it for money, you'd think anyway. I guess some people do, but there's just, it seems like there has to be more to it. And even when people betray their country, like when we look at some of the leaks from the United States, when they finally do get caught and go to prison, it's almost always like revenge, ego, vanity. Rarely is it just purely financially motivated. There's always ego in there somewhere. One way or another, it's always part of it.

1:13:30Aldrich Ames, when he betrayed the United States, it was mostly money. Bob Hansen, when he betrayed the United States, it was mostly ego. And these Russians, when they come out, they come up to us for ideological reasons, but then when you talk to them for a while, Now, Stalin, like I said, Stalin always comes up. There's a history, always. I don't think there was anyone in Russia that wasn't touched by Stalin, whose family wasn't touched by Stalin. And it's a mark that I don't know that it'll ever go away. Yeah, it's kind of like the Holocaust. People now are still alive, but there's going to be people who'd never met the people that went through that and that are going to have that imprinted.

1:14:05It becomes part of the family legacy and history that gets passed all the way down. Like, where did we come from? Oh, we don't know, because Stalin murdered everyone in our family and then moved us to the middle of nowhere and here we are. Exactly. And that's where grandma and grandpa were born, like that kind of thing. I heard that you used to use handwriting analysis. Is that even real? It sounds like such pseudoscientific baloney, honestly. Well, it's because we use it as pseudoscientific baloney here in the States. It's got a long history in Europe. It's respected. Years and years ago, when I first went to Europe, before I even knew what CIA was or that it existed, I was working for Chase Bank in Frankfurt.

1:14:40And as part of my application, I gave them a page of handwriting. It was part of their process. Our handwriting analysis was put together by a European woman who was very well respected in Europe. There's nothing casual about her approach. It was a series of measurements. It was a very scientific approach. We used it extensively with our agents. We would have them write their messages. We would send them for analysis. This was all in a computer, too. This wasn't really eyeballing it so much as you were using the computer, but we would discover that people were sick. We would discover that people were lying.

1:15:17I mean, that was our first indication. And then you go explore that and find out, oh, yeah, they are sick. Oh, yeah, they are lying. We discovered that combining handwriting analysis and polygraph, and there was a personality sort of test that we would give, a psychological assessment test we would give to our agents. And if you had those three pieces of information, you had a pretty good handle on who you were dealing with. It was very useful. Well, this has been very enlightening, and I'm very thankful for your time. There's one last little bit, and nobody can really settle this, and I don't even know if we'll get an answer today, but I was talking with a friend who is also really interested in espionage and things like that.

1:15:54And he'd said, well, you know, I heard that since there were so many leaks back and forth between the CIA and the KGB, everything just kind of evened out. So maybe the whole thing was a wash, which I think is kind of ridiculous. His argument was there's no point in even doing it because everything evened out. But obviously, if one side's doing it, the other side's not, then that wouldn't end up like that. But what do you think from being on the inside? Are you able to sort of see any sort of scoreboard and go, we definitely got one over on them in the end? Or is it actually kind of six of one, half dozen of the other?

1:16:25I don't know that it's about getting one over on them, but it's about did we receive any usable intelligence, any actionable intelligence? Did we learn anything that made a difference? There was a Cold War conference held at Texas A &M, George Bush's university, some years ago. Maybe it was 20 years ago. And the question was, who won the Cold War? And we had all kinds of scholars, and we had lots of different intelligence people. And we had Oleg Kalugin. At the very end, we had Oleg Kalugin on the stage with a CIA officer named Paul Redman. It was just two people. It was like everybody else had made their cases, and now we're down to two people.

1:17:03Paul Redman was chief of counterintelligence, and Oleg Kalugin was an ex-KGB general. So the question was, who won? At the end of the conference, it just kept boiling down, boiling down. And finally, Kalugin said, I would say that for every penetration we had of American intelligence, you had five of ours. So it was five to one. And there's silence, because everybody in that room is thinking, yeah, but you killed them all. Alder James gave them to you, about a dozen, and you wiped them all out. You killed them all. So that score, five to one, didn't really make any sense if they were all executed.

1:17:39So, you know, it just goes on and on. We had a great run back then. We had amazing intelligence coming in. Did make a difference. What Tolkachev gave us with their weapons programs made a huge difference. What Trigon gave us was the bottom line for the Soviets and the SALT II talks. He told us where they were willing to go and wouldn't go any further. So we went into negotiations with the Soviets about strategic arms limitations, knowing their position before we even walked in the room. Things like that, they do make a difference. They do. John, thank you so much. This is fascinating, and I really appreciate you doing it with a very sore throat.

1:18:20I know what that's like from personal experience. And I really just want to say thank you so much. This is a really good interview, I must say. I'm just really impressed with what a nice interview you do. Not nice. Nice is the wrong word. Very intelligent, very informed, very... I really like doing this. Yeah, this is fun. I wish we could have done it in person, but, you know, it was that or wait for three years whenever we're in the same neighborhood. So I chose this. Yeah, I think this was good. Imagine facing a rare, incurable disease and finding out that AI could repurpose an FDA-approved drug as a potential cure.

1:18:54That's the breakthrough achieved by Dr. David Fagenbaum and the mission of his company. I'll never forget, the doctor walks in the room and says, David, your liver, your kidneys, your bone marrow, your heart, and your lungs are all shutting down. That's it. Like, we've tried everything. There's nothing more that we can do. I was terrified. I was like, had my last rights read to me. Of course, you know, no one thought that it was even possible that I could survive. You're dying from this horrible disease. Chemotherapy just gave you a little bit of a window, but it's probably going to come back.

1:19:25So, you know, what's your game plan to prevent this thing from killing you? Well, the only way to get back is to use the tools that you have within reach. I'm like, shit, I've got this horrible disease. And the only way that like I might be able to save myself is if I can find a drug that's already at the CVS. And so my mission then became, could I figure out what the hell's going wrong in my immune system so then maybe I could find a drug that already exists that could treat it? I'm not supposed to be here. Like, my drug wasn't made for me. It saved my life. It was always there. I am completely on fire about this idea that there are drugs at your nearby CVS, your nearby Walgreens, that could help more diseases and more people.

1:20:06But the incentives aren't aligned for us to do that. So we created every cure a couple years ago because we believe that every drug should be utilized for every disease it possibly can, regardless of whether it's profitable or not. 80 % of our drugs that can help people today and tomorrow, no one's doing any research whatsoever to figure out more uses for them. Tune in to episode 1005 of The Jordan Harbinger Show to explore how existing medications are bringing new hope to those confronting elusive illnesses. Great big thank you to Jonna Mendez. The book title is The Moscow Rules, The Secret CIA Tactics That Helped America Win the Cold War.

1:20:44There's actually an exhibit on Jonna at the International Spy Museum in Washington, D.C. I definitely plan on going to that spy museum, by the way. If anyone's been there, let me know how that is. It sounds amazing. She told me off air that they actually brought babies on surveillance operations because babies are not suspicious. And funny because that sounds so obvious. But again, we're playing on unconscious bias. If I'm looking for somebody who might be suspicious, the woman with a baby is not high on my list, right? It's just really not. Oh, you're out for a random walk in a random place? Well, you have a baby.

1:21:14You're probably tired and you're trying to get the baby to sleep. Like, that would never occur to me, even if I were looking for it. She also told me they had to disguise vehicles. So they had a fake Tony's Pizza surveillance van, which now, of course, we've seen that in every spy movie. But back then, that was pretty novel. She actually took the sign from the van home when she retired, which I can assume it's either in the garage or maybe in an office somewhere, but that's pretty rad. Other uses of disguise that didn't make it on the show, they used to dress up some agents like embassy wives and drove them past security, or they would clone the intelligence agent, have the agent drive out past security, and then just sit at a cafe somewhere while the actual operative was somewhere else doing something.

1:21:54So this is really cool stuff, the whole cloning people and just kind of sitting there at your local cafe having a cup of coffee because you know that that person's being watched. But the other person who was actually up to something, who was the real version of that person, was out there doing their thing. So really, really cool. The security box with the police outside the embassy, especially in the Soviet Union, was often to monitor coming and going, not necessarily to keep the embassy itself safe. It's amazing how bad things got over in Moscow for the CIA. At one point, they had no foreign or Russian employees to drive cars, build offices, do anything.

1:22:27They They fired all the Russian staff because they were nearly all KGB informants or agents. And they just really had to go back to the Stone Age here. They were using ballpoint pens to write in legal pads because they couldn't use typewriters because the typewriters were bugged. They were flying memos to Germany to be typed up and sent back to the States. Pens would freeze because it was so damn cold when they had the temporary office space because the other embassy got caught on fire. That was a whole story with fake firemen coming in that were KGB firemen. Just an unbelievable tale. so they're working outside in like 30 below zero weather.

1:22:58The pens are freezing. Just bonkers. Talk about a rough assignment. They've really invented some cool stuff. Even vans that let other cars drive into them using a ramp so they could be concealed. It's like straight out of Spy Hunter if you ever played that game back in the 80s. I loved that game as a kid. We're also gonna link to a cool video from Wired about Jonna and Disguise. We'll link that in the show notes as well. Also in the show notes, there are worksheets for each episode so you can review what you learned here today from Jonna. We've also got transcripts for each episode, and those can be found in the show notes as well.

1:23:28I'm teaching you how to connect with great people and manage relationships using systems and tiny habits. I have taught this to intelligence agencies, so if you're interested in this kind of thing, check out the six-minute networking course, which is free, over at jordanharbinger.com slash course. It really is sort of some spy stuff, but, you know, applied to civilian life, at least for the most of us. Dig the well before you get thirsty, folks. jordanharbinger.com slash course. And by the way, most of the guests on the show actually subscribe to the course and the newsletter. So come join us.

1:23:57You'll be in smart company. In fact, why not reach out to Jonna and tell her you enjoyed this episode of the show. Show guests love hearing from you and you never know what might shake out of that. Speaking of building relationships, you can always reach out and or follow me on social. I'm at Jordan Harbinger on both Twitter and Instagram. This show is created in association with Podcast One. This episode was produced by Jen Harbinger and Jason DeFillippo. Engineered by Jay Sanderson. Show notes and worksheets by Robert Fogarty. Music by Evan Viola. I'm your host, Jordan Harbinger. Our advice and opinions and those of our guests are their own.

1:24:28And yes, I'm a lawyer, but I'm not your lawyer. I'm sure as heck not a doctor, therapist, or spy as far as you know. So do your own research before implementing anything you hear on the show. And remember, we rise by lifting others. The fee for this show is that you share it with friends when you find something useful or interesting. So if you found somebody who's into spy stuff, this is one for them. Hopefully you're finding something in every episode. So please share the show with those you love and even those you don't. In the meantime, do your best to apply what you hear on the show so you can live what you listen.

1:24:56And we'll see you next time. This episode is sponsored in part by the Something You Should Know podcast. Finding a great new podcast can feel like searching for a needle in a haystack. Let me save you some hassle. Check out Something You Should Know with my friend Mike Carruthers. Every episode is packed with fascinating insights that you can actually use. Mike interviews top experts on topics that shape your life, like how to optimize your brain chemistry, the best and worst ways to apologize, probably could have used that recently, why couples hate to talk about money. no matter the topic, Mike asks the questions you'd want to ask, getting straight to the good stuff.

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