The Truth Behind Tap Water, Fruit Juices, Seed Oils, And Many More...

0:00Sunna Van Kampen:Welcome to Catching Up With The Royals, a brand new show with me, Richard Coles. And me, Emily Andrews. Every week we'll be going beyond the headlines, lifting the lid on what life is really like behind the palace walls. Hello sir, good morning. I'm the Sun's new royal correspondent. Oh, he said, look at me up and down. Things are looking up. We'll be diving into the moments everyone's talking about. What does the world owe you if all of a sudden you've handed back your crown? Meghan and Harry can't keep hold of their stuff. We'll reveal the secrets of an organisation usually shrouded in mystery and explore defining moments of royal history to see how the past still shapes the monarchy today.

0:38Now, you actually knew Princess Anne.

0:40Sunna Van Kampen:I think one of the ways she acquired power was through that relationship with the present. But before that interview, no-one had really spoken and been so open. Was that a game-changer? So, join us every week wherever you get your podcasts, on YouTube and on Saturdays on 5, as we catch up with the Royals. Do you keep hearing podcast ads like this one, for example, but always wonder how you actually get involved with them for your own brand or organization? Well, it's easier than you think. We're Acast, and we give you the platform to do it all yourself. Browse thousands of popular podcasts, choose the shows that match your perfect audience, set your budget, and launch.

1:23And if you want a hand, our podcast specialists are there to help you launch with confidence. This is podcast advertising without barriers. Get started at Acast.com slash advertise.

1:56Hello and welcome back to The Unprocessed Truth, the podcast where we dive into real food and diet and lifestyle choices of our amazing guests so that we can share tips and tricks of how you can live a healthier life. Because after years of getting ill myself, I decided to take it into my own hands and do something about it by feeding myself real unprocessed food. I changed my life and I wanted to show you how we can do the same. But today's going to be a little bit different. We are flipping the script. I'm putting myself in the hot seat so that all the questions and the comments and the things people ask me on social media, I can finally answer them.

2:43So we've selected from thousands of comments our top seven to ten topics that we're going to be covering and we'll see how many we can get through today because some of you have argued with me, some of you have called me out and some of you just want to understand more. Today I'll be interviewed by Sadie, our producer who has collated the top comments across our socials so that you can finally ask me about the good, the bad, the healthy and of course we'll get into the unprocessed truth. The first question that our listeners want to know is why do you recommend rapeseed oil in some products and not in others?

3:20It's a great question. Thank you, guys. One of the keys to this is context is everything. And there's a lot of nuance involved that often I can't get into in a 30 or 40 second social media clip. And that context is olive oil is the healthiest oil out there. A fact because of its high polyphenol count. So if you're at home, you choose olive oil and I'll recommend you avoid the seed oils because it is a healthier oil. So you cook with it, you put it on your salads, whatever. There you have a choice. But in the context of I'm out and about, I've got no choice. I'm traveling. I'm on a train. What do I do for my food?

4:00If you go to, for example, an M &S and there's a little egg meal pot which has some rapeseed oil in it because they've made a nice little shatsuka egg pot, which I absolutely love. In that context, that is one of the healthiest breakfast choices you can make, right? It's not a croissant. It's not, you know, eating a sugary, you know, overnight oats or anything like that. It's a high protein breakfast with eggs, maybe some yogurt and some tomatoes and beans that they put in there. And sure, they've cooked the shatsuka sauce in a little bit of rapeseed oil. but fundamentally the health of the entire meal far outweighs the little bit of added seed oils that will be in that product.

4:44So its context is so important. I don't think a little bit of seed oils is going to harm you in a very severe way. It's the accumulation of long-term consumption in absolutely everything in our food system that has potential downstream effects that are negative over 10, 20, 30 years. So the nuance is occasionally, absolutely have a bit of Cedals if in the context it makes sense and there's no better choice. But if you're in the bread aisle and you're choosing between a typical ultra processed wrap that has Cedals in it versus brands like Crossa and Malika, which have an olive oil based one, it's quite clear the context is you may as well make the healthier choice and get the olive oil because olive oil is so so much better for you and you know seed oils are being touted as this major major thing that is causing lots of problems for our health and it is part of the story but it's not the only story right and this is again the nuance where sugar artificial additives overeating are all playing a massive part in this health conversation.

6:01The more and more I spend time in this health game, the whole fallacy of there being a silver bullet, just do this, or this is the one thing that's making us all unhealthy, just isn't true. The world is nuanced, our bodies are nuanced, and our health is nuanced, and it's often the accumulation of multiple little things over time. So the more you eat artificial additives, the more you eat sugar, the more you overeat, the more you eat rapeseed, All those things are going to stack up to put us in this situation where now 63 % of the UK is overweight or obese. It's not just one thing. And that's why in certain contexts, you can have a little bit of seed oil and it's not going to be bad.

6:39And it's the best thing available at the time. So you're making the best choice for your health you can when you're traveling or whatever else it may be. So that's why there is that nuance in our social content. And it's important to note, there was a study done on the longevity of dogs. Now, I know it's an animal study, we're not dogs, but it poses a really interesting question. And what they did, they studied dogs that ate an ultra processed food diet. They studied dogs that ate only real food, but they also studied a middle group that ate some ultra processed foods and some real food. and they found actually a lot of the health negatives were majorly improved by the group that just ate some real food alongside the ultra processed food.

7:26And what this suggests is that it's actually the nutrients we miss from ultra processed foods that are causing a lot of the problems as well. We're undernourished in our body. So when you eat only ultra processed foods, it's a real problem. But when you're adding a, you know, 80 % whole food, good balanced diet in and then you have a little bit, 20 % of the bad stuff, your body is very powerful and it can deal with a lot of those things and it can actually negate a lot of those poor impacts. So that is the kind of nuance in the conversation and why sometimes I will eat some sea oil. So although we've done an episode about it, could you briefly remind us what your problem is with sea oils and rapes on sea oil in particular?

8:09Yeah, for sure. I think, you know, there's a few factors. And one is rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, is basically a highly ultra-processed oil, which means it's been bleached, it's been deodorized, it has been heavily chemically treated with hexane. And as a result, what's left over is nutrient devoid. It is an ultra-processed food that is nutrient devoid. It doesn't have any nutrition really left in it. So it's a high caloric fat without much nutrition left over, which is a problem. I'd much rather be getting nutrition from my olive oil if I can. Then it has a high omega-6 to omega-3 ratio. Typically in the body, we want sort of one to four, and this is seeing, you know, one to 20, one to 30, depending on the oil.

8:58So the omega-6 to omega-3 ratio isn't optimal for the body. And then thirdly, they're often way more oxidized. They're very sensitive to heat and light. They've been heated in their production process as well. That's why if you can find a cold extractive extracted olive oil is always better in the same light if you get a rapeseed oil that's cold extracted much better for your health than the highly processed one and then they're all in a plastic bottle so you're probably getting some microplastics in there you're probably getting a lot of light oxidization because they're light plastic so the light gets in and starts to oxidize the oil the longer it sits on shelf so all these things lead to the fact that rapeseed oil and sunflower oil just they're not made in the most healthy way possible whereas olive oil you'll often find it in a dark glass bottle you know so therefore you're not getting the microplastics it'll be cold extracted so therefore it's not heating and oxidizing any of the oil and it's got all that nutrition in it with um polyphenols and it has a much better omega 3 to omega-6 ratio so all those little things combined don't necessarily mean all seed oils are terrible and you should avoid them but it does mean that olive oil is far better and I would always choose that if I can.

10:16People often push back about affordability when it comes to oils in particular cold press rapeseed oil and olive oil have you got any tips on how people can make these options more affordable? Look, I mean, olive oil is more expensive. There's no getting away from that, right? One thing I always do is actually I always buy the own label, olive oil. I don't spend£15 on a bottle of fancy olive oil from Italy. What I look for is single origin because there is olive oil fraud, believe it or not. Some olive oils are blended from multiple countries. in that process they're more likely to mix lower grade non-extra virgin olive oil in with the extra virgin so the quality is always more at risk so I always try and go single source because it usually means it's come from one farm they'll make it there and then and there's less chance it can be adulterated but single source dark glass bottle and extra virgin obviously those three things you can get in own label so that means you're paying anywhere from you know six to seven pounds for a bottle but it can last you know a good two three weeks if you use it properly and you're not you know doing um pouring it over everything another way to save money on it is own label um not the sort of fry lights of the world because they're half olive oil half alcohol and other additives but if you get the own label sprays actually they're 100 extra virgin olive oil and having the spray mechanism in the oil can help you kind of control how much you use to use just the right amount you need for a frying pan or just you know a little bit over a salad or whatever it is without drizzling loads over so kind of that managing the use of it slightly better can also be a way to save money on it this is again where you know you'll happily go to the pub and spend five six pounds on a pint of beer or even seven or eight if you're in London but But you should think seven pounds for an olive oil that's so good for your health.

12:17It's one of the key ingredients to the Mediterranean diet that is helping people live longer. And you can't spend seven pounds for like three weeks. You know, it doesn't quite add up. So you've got to invest in your health a little bit as well. So we should be ditching that final pint and buying a nice bottle of olive oil. 100 % you'll be way healthier. All right. So our second question is, is tap water safe to drink? whoa this is a meaty one which is going to get a load of hate um which is a great question because firstly tap water is safe to drink right like a lot of us and most of us drink it on a regular basis and we're all fine so this isn't a fear-mongering episode stop drinking your tap water but there is again nuance to this which is it has been shown and studies have found cocaine in tap water they found birth control residue pills in water and they've also added fluoride in a lot of places now these are things I definitely don't want in my body right if you look at some of the pictures of the copper pipes and you know the amount of you know they've been there for a hundred years some of these pipes and your water's going through it they're rusty there's all sorts of stuff in tap water that you know we wouldn't be getting if we were drinking natural spring water from a stream so it's a good solution for everyone to have access to water in their home don't get me wrong we don't need to go back to the dark ages it is safe but if you want to optimize your health this is where tap water is a very fundamental thing right water is one of the most important things we all need if you know we can go a few days without food but we can't go weeks without water we will die much faster from lack of water than we would lack of food so it's so fundamental so if you want to optimize it you know getting yourself a good water filter the one I use at home is a Berkey water filter which uses charcoal filters you can get reverse osmosis ones they're all very good they all claim to be better than the other I don't really know which one's the best but essentially they're making sure all those impurities in the water are pulled out which is a good thing i think we're drinking it all day every day the purer it can be the better um fluoride is obviously a very contentious thing i brush my teeth fluoride free with because i don't think you need it in your teeth there's other things that can help your teeth like hydroproxy hepatite.

14:48But in water specifically, you know, it's been claimed that it's one of the biggest things or health innovations that governments have implemented over the last 50 years for dental cavities and reducing cavities in kids. Now, you could just stop feeding your kids so much sugar and then they probably wouldn't get the cavities in the first place. So I don't think we need the fluoride. Here's why. There was a study done by the US government. And bear in mind, this was also reported in the Guardian. So this isn't just me making crazy claims on social media. This is legit research by the US government and reported in the Guardian that shows in the US, in states that had higher fluoride, kids had lower IQ, statistically speaking.

15:37So that is quite a worry. Now, it's important knowing in this study, it was 1.5 milligrams per liter of fluoride, which is twice the suggested level of the FDA. But the fact remains that it was happening in states in the US, which is why they could study it. So it's about 0.6 % of the US that have these really high, 0.6 % of the US water supply has these really high levels of fluoride in the water. So it's not everybody. Certain states will be much better than this. Again, you don't need to worry. I'm sure the UK isn't that high, although European Union or the World health organization, I can't remember which one, says that 1.5 milligrams per litre is the upper tolerable limit.

16:19But this study is showing at that level, we're lowering IQ in kids. So from my perspective, I've got two kids, I'd rather they didn't drink fluoride in the water, you know, you know, brush their teeth, I'll manage their sugar intake, I'll stop them from getting cavities that way. And I'll make sure my kids are smart, hopefully, by eating lots of eggs, which has choline for the brain and you know feeding them omega-3s which are great for the brain development as well and then try and limit their fluoride consumption the other option is i know a lot of people will turn to i'm not going to drink the tap water here it's you know if you go on holiday in spain you don't drink the tap water you buy bottled water and that seems to be the solution but unfortunately when you look at bottled water there's tons of microplastics in it um it's not good for the environment we're producing tons of plastic we're shipping heavy water around that's you know contributing to transport emissions so buying a proper filter is the way to go and then adding minerals to that water so if you get a reverse osmotis osmosis filter can actually also strip out all the natural minerals so we're talking the sodium the magnesium the potassium these things are really important for proper hydration i'm sure we've all heard about electrolytes by now in the wellness world and you know you can buy just trace minerals that you add back into the water after you've done the reverse osmosis so my gold standard way of drinking water would be at home use the tap water filter it properly then add minerals back in but again don't worry it is safe but it could be better which is why i use a filter you mentioned fluoride quite a few times and i've seen in the comments people push back up like dentists about using fluoride in your toothpaste and stuff what is the issue with fluoride well so fluoride in high doses is a neurotoxin that's a fact it's proven um you know they even say if you swallow a large amount of toothpaste you need to call poison control because it is basically a poison in high doses dose is important factor here as I've said on the you know the IQ study is when the levels are getting quite high at 1.5 milligrams per liter then it starts to really show the effects you know if you're half that you don't see the same effects so dose is very critical to this conversation and look dentists will disagree with me some doctors will disagree with me some government officials will disagree with me and that's fine you know the very purpose of science is to have a debate and find out what the truth is and make choices for our health that we think are optimal.

19:03It's my body, it's my choice, I'll do what I want with it. And if I believe fluorides may be problematic for IQ for my kids and therefore I want to limit their fluoride exposure, I'm entitled to do that. I'm not saying you have to follow my advice and you have to figure it out for your body and your family's health, that's ultimately the key. but as I said there are studies showing this and these are government funded studies reported in you know proper press and proper scientific journals and there is a debate going you will find some nutritionists that agree with me you will find some doctors that agree with me but you will also find the opposite true and the same is happening with seed oils versus not seed oils and ultra processed food versus not ultra processed food you know everyone has their own kind of view on what it is.

19:51And the fact of the matter is, as a human population, we don't fully know, we don't have the full picture, which is why we're having the debate and why we should have the debate and why we should be open to conversation and nuanced discussion about these topics so that we can learn more and get to the bottom of it and the truth. But in the meantime, I have to make a choice for my health. And that's what I'm sharing. You also mentioned the quality of water in different countries. Would you argue that it's safer to drink in certain cities, specifically in the UK? Like people always talk about the water in Scotland or the water up north.

20:29What's your take on that? Well, absolutely. I mean, I don't have the data on what's the healthiest water in the UK or where exactly it is. I mean, I try and be knowledgeable, but I don't have all of it in my head. But, you know, yes, there's some areas of the country that will use more fluoride in water versus others I mean some areas of the UK don't even put fluoride in the water and typically speaking you know water companies are regionalized so you know where are they getting the water from in London versus where are they getting the water from in the Scottish Highlands right and the Scottish Highlands is you know much more natural much more untouched and the way water works is you know you've you've all been in your geography lessons and understand that it comes from the ground and then it goes up evaporates goes in the air rains and it's a it's a whole system that touches everything and you know there's even been studies done on people living in golf courses have a higher rate of cancer because their golf courses are so heavily treated with pesticides to get those beautiful greens that then that those pesticides are getting in the water system locally and they're getting fed through the the water system there and ending up more in people's taps so you're having a higher concentration of pesticides in tap water if you live on a golf course.

21:46So fundamentally, if you live in the countryside, you've probably got a better chance of safer, better for you drinking water than if you live in a city. With the American Express Platinum Card, you can access over$3 ,500 in annual value with benefits and eligible purchases across travel, entertainment, and more. There's nothing like Platinum. Learn more at americanexpress.com slash explore dash Platinum. Enrollment requirements, monthly, and other limits in terms apply. Do you keep hearing podcast ads like this one, for example, but always wonder how you actually get involved with them for your own brand or organization?

22:20Well, it's easier than you think. We're Acast, and we give you the platform to do it all yourself. Browse thousands of popular podcasts, choose the shows that match your perfect audience, set your budget and launch. And if you want a hand, our podcast specialists are there to help you launch with confidence. This is podcast advertising without barriers. Get started at acast.com slash advertise.

22:48Okay, great. Let's move on to question three then. Should you eat cheese and eggs if you have high cholesterol? High cholesterol, right. So firstly, caveat this one. This is not medical advice. I'm not a doctor. If you've got high cholesterol, go speak to your doctor and make your own mind up because you shouldn't be just listening to what I say on this topic because it is a topic we need to get more into. We want to get into a big debate on this because there are multiple problems with the advice that high cholesterol is bad for you as an underlying thing, right? Let me give you one example, the French paradox.

23:29Firstly, if you look at just countries across the world and who eats high saturated fat, high cholesterol diets, and what are the rates of heart disease. France is a typical example of really high saturated fat consumption. They love their cheese, obviously, but their heart disease is way lower than a lot of other areas in Europe, especially the UK. So then that data point already starts to disprove the fact that higher the cholesterol the higher the heart disease another one which is quite crazy and you probably won't believe but go look it up because it is true is that one of the commonalities of all the blue zones around the world and now the blue zones are the areas in the world where on average more people live to 100 than other areas in in in the world so we're talking areas in italy we're talking japan we're talking california these sorts of places now if you look at the blue zones across the world, one of the weird things they all have in common is when you study the health of those people, they all have high cholesterol.

24:35Sounds wild, right? But what is cholesterol? Cholesterol is a nutrient that our brain needs. We use it to build cells, hormones, and actually 20 % of our brain is made up of cholesterol. So to just say cholesterol is bad and that's the end of it, is a very simplistic view that was originally developed by Ansel Keys. And his study that kind of kicked off this whole low-fat movement was actually, in a way, fraudulent science because he looked at correlation data, first of all, and he looked at 22 countries, consumption of fat versus rate of heart disease. But in his final published paper, he only published seven of those countries so essentially what he did is he picked the seven countries where it proved his hypothesis of high fat consumption meant high cholesterol and therefore more heart disease and he published it the whole low fat movement got kicked off by that and that's what we thought we thought it was correct but actually it came to light that when you look at the full 22 countries list, it's very hard to prove any sort of correlation there about high cholesterol and heart disease.

25:50But your doctor today will probably still measure your cholesterol and will still probably tell you, your cholesterol is a bit high, you should do something about that. And it's because basically it's a very simple measure that can be useful in some instances to kind of predict how people are doing in their overall health, but it's broader than just the cholesterol measure. And this is where metabolic health is key to the more nuanced science picture of saying, okay, well, high cholesterol on its own probably doesn't actually mean much. If you're metabolically healthy, you're active, you move, you eat a healthy diet, you exercise and all these things.

26:29But if you are unmetabolically healthy, you're overweight, and then you have high cholesterol, that's a different picture. So there's lots of nuance into this and you know if you want to go down the rabbit hole of well how are we going to figure this out if you have high cholesterol if you have the ability to go to private medical care you know and it's not loads of money i think it's about 700 pounds you can go get a calc an artery calcification scan which will actually scan your heart and arteries and see how much plaque build up there is because there have been lots of case studies where people will have really high cholesterol and zero artery calcification.

27:12So there's something else in the body going on that defines whether that high cholesterol is actually going to do anything to you and whether it's bad. So it's a very nuanced topic that we need to probably get some doctors on the show to talk about so they can explain it more. But yes, it's not that simple. And, you know, I think eggs and cheese are super healthy foods, high in protein, high in good fats. There's lots of nutrition in dairy fats specifically that we should be consuming. Even though you've pointed out that you're no doctor, from your point of view, what's a safe amount of cheese and eggs to consume in a day?

27:52I think you can eat as many eggs as you want all day, every day, and you will have no issue. There's been studies which have tried to demonstrate whether eggs specifically raise cholesterol levels because their yolks are high in natural cholesterol and they haven't been able to prove it. You can eat as many eggs as you want and it'll have limited impact on your blood level cholesterol in your body. Cheese, I haven't seen the study on that but I like cheese. I put it on a lot of stuff. I don't eat it every day, but I think it's a great snack on the go. You can buy it everywhere. It's cheap. Yeah, I think you should eat cheese.

28:30The French eat it all the time and they have low hardices, right? You often talk about sugar content from fruit juices. Are there any fruit juices or smoothies that you would drink? Not really. I tend to avoid them. Fizzy water with a bit of natural flavours you can get now way healthier kombuchas low sugar because it's naturally fermented out so you can still get that pleasurable juice kind of moment without all the sugar so there are better options cropping up everywhere um but i i get the conundrum right we all think orange juice with our breakfast is healthy you know in kids especially you know every time i go out we go for a walk somewhere we'll end up inevitably in a cafe to get a nice coffee and jack's is like i want a happy juice and then you know you're stuck with do you have a tantrum or do you give him a juice box now when we're out and about i lean to giving him a juice box in all honesty do i think juice boxes are great absolutely not some of the apple juice cartons can be 250 mil and in that 250 mil you're giving a kid their entire daily recommended sugar intake according to the nhs in one juice carton so that is not good what i'll do if i'm out and about in the cafe and there's no other choice I'll make sure I intercept it before the waiter brings it and then kind of mix it in a glass half water half juice to try and limit the amount of sugar he drinks but there are also brands out there starting to realize that just pure fruit juice is free sugars there's no fiber from the fruit and it does spike your blood sugar in the same way as you would be drinking a can of coke so juice in itself is not great from that perspective sure there are some other benefits like in orange juice you'll get a bit of vitamin c funnily enough orange juice was originally kind of created as a as a medical remedy for scurvy because sailors would get scurvy on the seas from not eating enough vitamin c for however long they're on the seas give them orange juice and it seemed to fix it and it would for the vitamin c content but you know there's better ways to get your vitamin C than that.

30:44And so if juice boxes are something you're putting in your kid's lunchbox every single day, this is a problem. It's, you know, your entire daily sugar amount for a kid in one carton, as I said before. So you really need to look at what you're giving your kid on a regular. Try and give them water as much as you can, or if they want juice, you know, just They do a range called Nothing Artificial where they've used 10 % juice, water, and then a bit of natural stevia. So in a Capri Sun carton of the Nothing Artificial, you're only actually getting eight grams of sugar, which is still two teaspoons, quite a lot.

31:26But, you know, it's more than half of what you'd get in a normal juice carton. So, yeah, definitely, definitely try and avoid the juice cartons if you can. I try and avoid them as much as I can. Do I drink them? Truth be told, sometimes I do because I'm drinking it away from Jack's. So I'll take the hit from him because my body is bigger and I can deal with it better than he can. So I'll often try and like have a few sips of his to like limit how much sugar he's gained. What about smoothies though? Is there any smoothies on the shelf that you'd ever pick up? Or would you ever make smoothies at home in the morning?

32:03Well, so I do make smoothies at home. But if I make them, they're packed with protein and avocado for good fats and protein. so it's more like a nutritious meal than a high sugar juice without the fiber. The trick of smoothies was that they went, hey, we're just going to blend them up, make them this nice smoothie. It's a bit thicker, a bit creamier. And you think you're getting something healthier because you think you're getting more of the whole fruit. But actually, when you look at the fiber content of an apple versus the fiber content of a smoothie, it's considerably less. So they have stripped out a lot of the fiber.

32:37so juice is the worst like just plain up juice smoothie technically a little bit better because you are getting a little bit more fiber in but it's a negligible difference that isn't anywhere near what fruit itself is so that's why the nhs would class juice and smoothies as free sugars because there's not enough fiber to kind of help your body deal with all that sugar whereas fruit on its own loads of fiber eat as much as you want go knock yourself out because the reality is you're not going to eat eight apples because you would be full from all the fiber whereas in a smoothie you can easily drink eight apples and you're going to be consuming eight apples worth of sugar which is too much um so that's kind of the the reality of smoothies are there any in supermarkets that you see that if you were to choose one you think is the best maybe it's got the lowest apple juice content well it's a good point you you are seeing a lot more green juices pop up in that juice section with vegetables added so if you can find one with veggies added go for it if you look at the you've got to look at the backpack though because some of them will be like green juice with apple and kiwi and then kale and spinach and cucumber but actually it might still be 70 percent juice and like 30 percent veg or a bit of added water whatever um some of the brands do it properly so you can find green juices that are cucumber spinach kale you know chlorella sorry or whatever else and actually they can be really low sugar so i know m &s prep places like this do green juices without you know 50 apple juice snuck in there you just have to make sure you read the label so if you do want that juice moment try and find a veg one and try and find one that the first ingredient is vegetables not the fruit okay so question five leads on quite nicely from this can we get everything we need from our diets alone if not which vitamins should we be taking it's a great question and one i've spent a lot of time on um so can we get everything from our diets alone?

34:53Yes, fundamentally, you can in theory, right? In theory, you know, we're humans, we eat food, and that's where we get all our nutrition from. But over the course of history, we've proven to be very bad at it. So if you go to a 13th, 14th, 15th century pub in the countryside, you'll notice the doors are a lot lower than they are now, right? And we think, oh, have we genetically adapted and got taller as a population no the fundamentals of that is you know 500 years ago we didn't get enough nutrition there was a lot of poverty it was hard to eat proper diets so as a population we were shorter to the point where you can visibly see it on doors that's how kind of important nutrition is to our diet and then if you fast forward that today on the flip there was probably a healthy moment somewhere in the 50s 60s or 70s where we were getting everything from our diet we were you know after the war a lot of people would have vegetable patches in their garden and grow their own food and get you know nourishment from the soil that hadn't been heavily farmed fast forward to today you're talking about factory farming which is you know single crop farming on a piece of land for 10 20 30 years and what that's doing is that vegetable that's grown on that land is just stripping all the nutrients from that land and you're not putting anything back into it.

36:22And because it's one monocrop, it's only stripping the same stuff all the time, all the time, depleting, depleting. And you're not kind of having that regenerative agriculture, which means the nutrient content in our vegetables is now about 30 % lower than it used to be about 40, 50 years ago. So it's getting harder because even the vegetables you eat have less nutrition in them. And then especially if they've been flown from Peru or somewhere and you're eating stuff that isn't local, it's not in season, the longer that vegetable has been picked and is flown across the world, the more nutrients degrade.

36:59So that's how we're also eating a lot of our food, which is why eating local and in season food actually can boost your nutrient content from food. And then the other factor is increased, our increased need for nutrients is going up all the time. The more we work late, the more we're stressed, the more we expose ourselves to pollution in cities, you know, the more we work out, you know, the more we catch colds. Like all these things are stressors on our body, which increase the nutrient intake needed in our body. And so more and more, you know, we're traveling for work. We're working longer hours.

37:39all these things have increased dramatically over the last 50 years, which then increase the need of that vitamin in your body or whatever vitamin in particular. And then the more we eat ultra processed food, that then is also decreasing the nutrients we consume because 53 % of our diet in the UK is ultra processed, which means 53 % of our diet is really low nutrition because it's primarily sugar, wheat and other things are very low in nutrition. So we've kind of had this, this, this, we've got this dual thing going on of we've, we need, we're putting more stress on our body. So we need more nutrients.