Prediction Markets with Rebecca Ungarino and Nick Devor

18 Mar 2026 · 49 min · 21 chapters

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Better Offline Podcast - Episode Summary: Prediction Markets with Rebecca Ungarino and Nick Devor

Podcast Overview Title: Better Offline Description: A weekly podcast examining the tech industry's effects on society and the aggressive growth mindset of tech elites. Through storytelling, interviews, and discussions, host Ed Zitron highlights the manipulations and complexities of the tech world.

Episode Title Prediction Markets with Rebecca Ungarino and Nick Devor

Episode Description In this episode, Ed Zitron is joined by Rebecca Ungarino and Nick Devor from Barron’s to discuss prediction markets, their legal implications, societal impacts, and their operations within the evolving financial regulations landscape.

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Key Themes and Discussions

  1. Understanding Prediction Markets
  2. Definition: Prediction markets operate like futures contracts on "event contracts," allowing users to bet on outcomes of specific events.
  3. Comparison with Gambling:
  4. In gambling, bets are placed against the house, whereas prediction markets involve trading between individuals (traders).
  5. Example: If two traders bet on the outcome of a podcast's success, their stakes reflect their predictions, resulting in a price that indicates the perceived likelihood of the event.
  1. Legal and Regulatory Landscape
  2. Current Status:
  3. Polymarket: Operates offshore and is less regulated, raising concerns about manipulation and anonymity.
  4. Calshi: First U.S. registered designated contract market, adhering to CFTC regulations.
  5. Challenges: Banks and traders face uncertainty in how prediction markets fit into existing financial regulations.
  1. Market Manipulation Concerns
  2. Potential Risks: With prediction markets becoming more accessible, the risk of manipulation increases as events are created for speculation (e.g., betting on whether someone will streak at a sporting event).
  3. Dystopian Implications: Discussion around the ethical boundaries of prediction markets raises concerns about their potential to incentivize harmful or unethical behavior.
  1. Banks and Financial Institutions' Perspectives
  2. Regulatory Hesitation: Banks remain cautious about engaging with prediction markets due to regulatory complexities and potential liabilities.
  3. Market-making Differences: Investment banks and their trading desks are treating prediction markets as a new input for analysis, but clarity on the legality and regulatory framework is still needed.

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Key Takeaways

  • Prediction Markets vs. Traditional Gambling: While similar in nature, the fundamental structure differentiates them, focusing on trading between individuals rather than against a house.
  • Regulatory Challenges: The evolving landscape raises questions about how these markets will be integrated into existing financial frameworks.
  • Manipulation Risks: The potential for market manipulation is heightened as the scope of prediction markets expands, with ethical concerns about creating markets for sensitive or harmful events.
  • Future Projections: The conversation highlights a pressing need for regulatory clarity to prevent potential abuses and to understand how these markets can coexist with traditional financial systems.

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Conclusion The episode provides an insightful exploration of prediction markets, juxtaposing their potential benefits against ethical dilemmas and regulatory challenges. It serves as a reflection on the intersection of technology, finance, and societal implications, encouraging listeners to consider the broader impacts of these emerging markets.

Written by AI. May contain mistakes. Listen to the episode to check what was said.

Chapters

Tap a time to open that second in VO

Understanding Prediction Markets vs. Gambling

4:51 to 7:08

Nick Dever explains the differences between prediction markets and traditional gambling.

“So each contract is worth$1 and it has two traders.”

The Role of Crypto in Prediction Markets

7:09 to 10:10

Discussion on the crypto aspect of prediction markets, focusing on Polymarket.

“If you want to trade on Polymarket in the US, you're mostly using a VPN to do so.”

Wall Street's Perspective on Prediction Markets

10:11 to 12:15

Rebecca Ungarino shares insights on how banks are viewing prediction markets.

“You're trading the same contract in effect, like it's the same kind of product that's being traded.”

Potential Dystopian Outcomes of Prediction Markets

12:16 to 14:00

Discussion on the ethical implications and risks of banks engaging in prediction markets.

“Like this is something that is happening every day.”

Understanding Private Credit

14:00 to 15:00

Explore the implications and concerns surrounding private credit firms.

The Nature of Predictions

15:00 to 16:00

Discuss the accuracy and societal implications of predictions in markets.

“Like is private credit means a lot of different things, whatever.”

Dystopian Views on Prediction Markets

16:00 to 17:20

Examine the dystopian aspects of modern prediction markets and gambling.

“To paraphrase Will Manneker of Chapo when he was seeing a video of a new sport where two guys run into each other.”

Controversy Over Death Markets

17:20 to 19:20

Delve into the controversy surrounding markets tied to life and death events.

“Will he be out as supreme leader by this date?”

Hedging Outcomes in Prediction Markets

19:20 to 21:40

Learn how prediction markets can serve as hedging tools for uncertain outcomes.

“Was what happened in Venezuela, does that count as like a war or just like an incursion?”

The Dark Side of Prediction Markets

25:15 to 28:00

Discuss the ethical concerns and societal impacts of prediction markets.

“It feels like, I don't know, I have a weird view of this in that I think prediction markets are scary and vile, and they enable something.”
Show all 21 chapters

Understanding Prediction Markets and Their Appeal

28:00 to 29:46

Explore how prediction markets operate and their allure to bettors, especially Gen Z.

“If you invest in a company based on its fundamentals, you're going to lose money probably.”

The Risks of Gambling and Regulation

29:46 to 31:59

Discuss the potential dangers of sports gambling and the need for regulatory measures.

Banking Regulations and Their Impact

31:59 to 34:35

Analyze how current banking regulations affect the financial landscape and prediction markets.

“you know in what we're doing and and kind of like what is like what are we doing here i mean you Again, it's like it is going back to the regulation.”

Market Manipulation and Ethical Concerns

34:35 to 36:29

Examine issues of market manipulation and the impact of misleading information on investors.

“I think that there is a massive regulatory problem with lying because right now my favorite example is OpenAI.”

Creating Prediction Markets: Demand and Regulation

42:00 to 43:30

Learn how prediction markets are created based on demand rather than money, and the implications of this for regulation and insider trading.

“But like we are opening ourselves up to like new ways that we can like manipulate markets.”

The Compliance Challenges in Prediction Markets

43:30 to 45:55

Explore the compliance issues banks face with prediction markets and the evolving landscape of regulation and enforcement.

“Or thinly traded, excuse me, versus not.”

Analyzing the Role of Sell-Side Analysts

45:55 to 48:38

Understand the function of sell-side analysts, their responsibilities, and the regulatory framework that governs their work.

“And I know that this is going to, people aren't going to like this.”

The Evolution of Analyst Standards Post-Crisis

48:38 to 50:35

Discuss the changes in analyst standards and accountability following major financial scandals and the implications for investors today.

“Just kind of how like a wire house – like that's a very antiquated way of saying like a big wealth manager.”

Corporate Access and Its Implications

50:35 to 52:49

Delve into how corporate access affects analysts' objectivity and the potential conflicts of interest that arise.

“But that would require someone to hold them accountable.”

Concerns Over Retail Investment Accessibility

52:49 to 55:10

Examine the risks associated with increasing accessibility of stock investment for retail investors and the need for transparency.

“Again, very different from the role of an analyst, you know, but it is, there are similarities.”

The Complexity of Journalism and Information Disclosure

56:00 to 56:42

Explore the nuances of journalism and the importance of disclosure in reporting.

“But that's, you know, like, but I'm just getting ideas.”
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Transcript

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3:21Better Offline. Now we're back in the studio in beautiful New York City, New York State. You need to check out the show notes, of course, because we have these beautiful Fuck Data Center t-shirts, subscribe to my newsletter, and so on and so forth. But today, joining me at Swaggage Claim are two of Barron's finest reporters, the legendary Nick Dever, who handles the gambling industry, and the Wall Street reporting legend, Rebecca Ungarino. Thank you so much for joining us. Now, Nick. Yes? We have had so many people emailing about prediction markets and you cover the gambling industry as well. How are they different?

3:58How are they not the same thing? Because they very much seem similar. Yeah, I think from a consumer point of view, there's very little difference between these products. You put money on the line. If your team wins, you get paid out. So from like a layman's point of view, I think there's very little difference. However, there is a difference. In gambling, you're betting against the house. So the betting firm sets the odds that you're betting against, right? Whereas in a prediction market, your counterparty is another trader. So prediction markets are just essentially brokers that are putting two traders together on one contract.

4:39And I can explain that in a little more detail if you like. Yeah, please. So prediction markets sell what are called event contracts. So event contracts are futures contracts. They're also called binary options and they're built around yes or no questions. So each contract is worth$1 and it has two traders. There's a trader on the yes side and there's a trader on the no side. So like, will this podcast go well? We can make that a prediction market. I hope it goes well. Let's get this. I'm just going to set that up right now. So if person A thinks there's a 75 % chance that it will go well and person B thinks there's a 25 % chance that it will not go well, person A pays 75 cents and person B pays 25 cents.

5:23Right. So if it turns out yes, the yes trader gets the 25 cents put up by the no trader and now has a dollar contract. Got it. Now, let's say on a second contract, person C thinks there's a 25 % chance of yes, person D thinks there's a 75 % chance of no. Yeah. So these two contracts where the odds are flipped average out and there's a 50-50 chance that this podcast goes well. Right. So the price of the contract is the predictions and prediction markets are just brokers. The businesses themselves are just connecting two traders. So where's the crypto side as well? Because I remember when Polymarket started, it was a weird crypto thing.

6:03But is it still that? Yeah, I would say it's still a weird crypto thing. Um, they, most of their business is still their international side where they just take, um, I think it's USDT or it's some stable coin. One of the stable coins. They, um, all of the contracts are traded on that. That's Polymarket. Um, they're an offshore run company. Cool. Off. Yeah. Offshore. Great. Yeah. I love this. Yeah. Yeah. Meaning not regulated in the U S not a U S U S based company. Contrast that with Calci. Calci was the first registered designated contract market by the CFTC. That's the Commodity Futures Trading Commission.

6:42They regulate all of this stuff. And so Calci was the first firm to actually do this in what we would call like the legal way, whereas Polymarket does not have to abide by the U.S. regulations because they are not a U.S. firm. And they're trying to become, they've gotten permission to operate in the US, but they're like slowly rolling that out. A lot of people in the US don't have Polymarket US accounts yet. If you want to trade on Polymarket in the US, you're mostly using a VPN to do so. But you need crypto to do it. Yes. Yeah. For the international site. This feels like it'd be rife with manipulation though.

7:24Yeah. Yeah, definitely. I think that because Polymarket operates on the blockchain, it's generally all anonymous, and it's very easy to get any kind of market you want created, there's a lot of concern around manipulation. I think a helpful example is there was some football game or some sporting event, and there was a market for, will someone streak at this event, run onto the field naked? and someone did end up streaking. And the person that ended up streaking was someone who was trading on the market, you know, betting yes, that someone would end up streaking. And then they went and did it.

8:03And so they made, you know, hundreds of thousands of dollars, paid a small fine relative to the sporting people. And, you know, now we have, so you get into this question. I think a helpful metaphor is like, are prediction markets a thermostat or a thermometer? Are they like accurately pricing the potential outcome? You know, are they saying that something is going to happen or by their very existence, do they make something more likely to happen? Right. Rebecca, how are the bankers dealing with this? How's Wall Street looking at this? Because it's tough to really grasp whether this is gambling or a futures contract, like betting on the chance of stock will go up or go down.

8:44And there's such a big difference right now. So it's really interesting because the banks themselves, and this is separate from like the market makers or like, you know, high frequency trading firms. Yeah. The banks themselves are very highly regulated by like three main agencies, the OCC, the Office of the Controller of the Currency, the Federal Reserve and the FDIC. So they're very highly regulated. And then they have a bunch of like state agencies that regulate them, too. So far, the biggest banks have stayed pretty quiet on how they're thinking about these. and they're kind of waiting for this regulatory clarity.

9:18It reminds me a little bit of Bitcoin and crypto going mainstream 10, 11 years ago. We're waiting for regulators. We're waiting for regulators. And banks, they're really complex. They have a bunch of different businesses where they could come in and, for example, on the banking side, the investment bankers have an interest in, well, do we want to help them raise money? Do we want to help them raise capital or take them public? Are they not even touching any of the fundraising? Raising? They could. My understanding, you would know better than me on CalSHE and Polymarket who their investors are.

9:50Is it VC? Is it PE? Yeah, I think it's mostly VCs right now. Yeah. But they're both targeting, there was recent reporting in the Wall Street Journal that they're both, Polymarket and CalSHE are targeting$20 billion valuations. Now - Which is crazy. Totally, totally. It's like a very clonable business though. Yeah, that's kind of the thing is there's not a lot of difference between trading on Polymarket and trading on CalSHE. You're trading the same contract in effect, like it's the same kind of product that's being traded. So you kind of get into a similar thing that the sports betting businesses had to deal with, where FanDuel and DraftKings are essentially identical products selling identical products and trying to differentiate themselves.

10:36And so we'll see in the coming months how that ends up working. Rebecca, on the – well, actually, go ahead. Well, I mean, and on the trading side, it's a whole other, like on the other side of the house. That's actually kind of where I was getting to. Exactly. Yeah. And like at the bank. So like, you know, these massive trading businesses, it's so some of the reporting that we have so far and we're, you know, working on this now. And again, the banks are being very tight lipped on what they're saying about what they're getting involved in or not getting involved in. This is something that so the investment banks, they're like the bankers, the trading desks and then the research.

11:08And that's totally separate. And there's like this firewall. Right. So research analysts are definitely looking at these things just like any other input, any other source of information. Of course, yes, there are differences. But it's like, okay, well, what is Kalshi saying about this when maybe a commodities analyst who's looking at metal? And it might be kind of a sentiment analysis at that. Exactly, exactly. And just another input to look at. So that's all well and good. You can look at that. On the trading side, though, it's more complicated because, again, the CFTC, like Nick brought up, the Commodity Futures and Trading Commission that, you know, regulates crypto and, you know, is now regulating some of these prediction market activities.

11:45They have to weigh in and they have, you know, to some extent, but they're waiting for kind of a more complete look at, OK, Golden Saks, you know, traders or enter any other like big bank traders. Like, what are we able to trade now? That is still kind of out there, right? There are event contracts, like political elections and things like that, quote, event contracts. And then there are other markets where on securities where it's like that culture or polymarket. Polymarket, you can do like will NVIDIA stock end the day up or down? Right. Like this is something that is happening every day. Right.

12:22Exactly. And that's a little more complicated because then you are dealing with securities rather than just like some amorphous like event contract. So it's like complicated. But legally speaking, I'm sure someone will argue, well, this isn't a security because I'm betting on an outcome rather than the security itself. Correct. Totally, totally, totally. Doesn't this also set us up for something kind of dystopian, though? If banks or traders start trading on these markets where you have suddenly a bank interest and whether, I don't know, a guy streaks. Yeah, yeah. Or whether a place gets blown up.

12:53This is where I think the fringes of insanity begin. Definitely. Completely. And I just like, I'll want you to weigh in more here a bit. But like, it just opens a whole new for banks that are so tightly regulated. Yeah. It opens up a whole new source of like potential liability. And like, you've done more reporting on that. Yeah. Yeah. We've, we've, from what we've heard there, the banks are not as interested in those kinds of markets just because there's no like, you know, they don't have an election every single day and like these desks need to make money. Right. So there needs to be like a sustainable, constant kind of liquidity and like enough events for them to actually, you know, participate in the markets.

13:33And the kind of like securities related markets that maybe these banks would be more interested in, that they would have a better edge on, whatever. Those are still mostly on poly market. And I really doubt that a tightly regulated US-based bank is going to want to be trading in stablecoin, on polymarket against potential insiders, all of this stuff. That just doesn't sound appealing, I would imagine. But what about asset management, like the Aries of the world, or private equity firms, or private credit firms? Aren't they different? And might they be dumb? like might they get them might they get themselves involved i just like yeah yeah yeah when i see the data center stuff when i hear all this private credit the private credit stuff like tricola and first brands and pozigen and uh i forget what was it there was the there was the one there's now one in europe where it's just yeah yeah the random ones it was just like yeah you know when we said we promised you this collateral we also promised it to 17 other people sorry yeah i worry that they are going to start like are they allowed to it's a great question and my reporting and and it's a great story it's a great question i'm not entirely sure like where if and how they're coming into these things in other words i wouldn't be surprised i don't know but i wouldn't be surprised if one of the big private credit uh players which is again like some of these things are they are just very lightly regulated banks like to be clear right like they are lending money like and private credit But yes, it's a huge point.

15:06So cool. It's so good. It's so good. I love that. It's a huge debate right now. Like is private credit means a lot of different things, whatever. But at the end of the day, it is lending outside of the banking system. OK, like that is safe to say. So I don't know. But I wouldn't be surprised if there's, you know, like a CalShea, like a poly market. If there is, you know, kind of lending from these firms, I don't know. But they are becoming the private credit players are becoming so much more active in the private sector. And just all these privately held companies where there's a whole matrix of areas where they could become involved.

15:41I don't know that. And I would be curious. Yeah, it's a good question. It's probably an input that they're looking at, too. Like, just a research input, right? Like, you know, we look at, oh, what is it saying about that? We take it with a grain of salt. But, like, you know, it's still something we're going to look at. But it's an interesting question. They are. The predictions. Sorry. They are quite accurate. the, you know, there's, you know, we can, there can be arguments made about whether or not they are like good for society, whether it's like an okay thing that we can bet on, you know, every single kind of, I think the Kaoshi CEO, Tarek Mansour, his quote is that, you know, we want to make a monetizable asset out of every difference in opinion.

16:23Jesus Christ. Which is like, that's like, yeah. To paraphrase Will Manneker of Chapo when he was seeing a video of a new sport where two guys run into each other. This is the kind of thing you do in like Robocop. Yeah. That's what it's giving. Yeah, it's like, yeah, we can. It feels very like near future dystopia. It is dystopian. As someone who spends a lot of time and lives in Vegas, I just want to say this is an insult to my beautiful gambling. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Beautiful, honest odds of a dice roll. Even our crapless craps are not this crappy. Yeah, for real. It's very strange. And as I think we've discussed this.

17:00That's the new state motto, by the way. I really like that. What? Our craps are not this crappy. Exactly. I love that. I love that. I'm going to run it. You should look into that. I'm going to put it on a t-shirt. I love that. No, it's, it is really scary though. Someone, I feel like someone's going to die from this. Like it's going to, it's going to be this person dies by December 31st and they're going to get hunted like running men. Yes. Yeah. That's okay. So we're almost there. So recently, actually, there was a bit of controversy over like, I guess what we would called death markets on calci um so when the u.s attacked iran there were lots of markets on both pali market and calci related to military action in iran whether it would happen or not what by when it would happen usually these are formatted in like um you know military strikes in iran by x date yeah um so one of the contracts that both calci and pali market had was um uh khamenei out by X date.

18:01So this is the supreme leader of Iran. Will he be out as supreme leader by this date? So the layman's interpretation of that would mean if he dies, he's out. That's probably how you would... Oh, is he in office anymore? He's dead. He's probably out. So when on that Saturday, Trump announced that he had been killed on Polymarket, Polymarket resolved their contract yes he is out right but calci did not do this oh no they um froze well they like paused the market for like eight hours to like figure out how to handle this and what is the consequence of pausing the market just so i'm clear oh it's just that there's no more trading happening right does the price move at all so it's just frozen it's just frozen got it um and what they did is they reset um when they made their decision they refunded everyone their stakes um the value of their contracts at last traded price before death.

19:02So if there was like a 74 % chance that he would be out at 1259 and he died at one, then the yes contract would pay out 74 cents, right? Right. So they did that in order to isolate the death component, right? Because Kalshi, in what they have told me, they don't want to allow people to profit on death. That's just not something they're interested in doing right however there was very large controversy um around this because all of the calci traders who hopped onto calci and were like oh cool yeah he's probably going to be out i'll bet on this um they they were suddenly um they did not get the money that they expected to right um and calci had like in its rules in its rule book that was like laid out there was like some fine print um but yeah we get into this like weird question of like why didn't they pay because he was out like what was the day they don't want people uh death was a carve out there was a death carve out so um out by any other means but death now uh the Khomeini was like in his mid-80s so it's kind of hard to imagine that he was gonna resign or like you know they don't hold snap elections in Iran so I don't really know so it was just resignation I guess that you know or like um uh kidnapping like we saw in Venezuela um maybe I don't know it's all yeah that was Yeah, that was its own thing.

20:25Was what happened in Venezuela, does that count as like a war or just like an incursion? So we get into all these really weird questions when the quote unquote oracle of these prediction markets is only resolving based on very specific outcomes. And so at a certain point, the entire point of these prediction markets is that they provide ways to hedge outcomes that you can't find in other markets. There's no way to hedge against that happening in the stock market in a clean way. But if – okay, so let's say that I'm a business owner and I want to hedge against the possibility that Trump does not finish this term in office.

21:08From my point of view as a business owner, if he dies or resigns or is impeached, none of – all of those three things fulfill the same thing for me. And I need to hedge against all of those outcomes. But if we don't allow these markets to resolve on death, and we can argue whether or not we should, they, by definition, become less valuable hedging tools. And so you kind of get into this point spot where you're like, what are these actually for? Like, who is the person that's hedging against Khomeini resigning? Yeah. You know what I mean?

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25:25It feels like, I don't know, I have a weird view of this in that I think prediction markets are scary and vile, and they enable something. But I also think they're a condition created by the stock market. galaxy brain take but i think that the stock market has stopped being logical in any way shape or form and regular people do despite i would say what was like three or four years ago when robin hood went really nuts on options yeah i think that regular people do not have access to a logical or rational way of investing like you can't just invest in a company for being good you can't invest in a clean outcome because you're gonna going up against hedge funds and whoever fast trading and such that you couldn't possibly keep up.

26:05They have information you don't have. There's no way you could possibly keep up. I'm not saying prediction markets are good. I think they're terrifying. They are Robocop shit. But it feels like something that could only occur in a world where there is not enough other ways to accumulate wealth. I could not agree more. And I think that one thing like to this point, it was a few weeks ago and I might have even said it to you, but there was an ad and I don't want to say for certain it was either Kelshi or Polymarket, but it came up on TikTok or Instagram. and it was an ad or like a user-generated content type thing where a woman was holding a coffee.

26:37And did we talk about this? And the tagline, again, it was for one of them. I don't want to misspeak, but it said, you know, like my bet will pay for my coffee. You know, like my, you know, da-da-da. And I was like, oh my God, that is so bleak because it really speaks to this broad, like, and again, financialization of everything. You know, that's a big conversation right now. It's talking about a world in which it is hard to accumulate wealth. I mean, to state the most obvious thing, you know, and like, you know, just broad inequality. My bet will help me pay for my – like, and I get it. Like, I get that on – I get why that would be an advertisement and, like, I understand.

27:21But that is so – you know, it's like a young woman, a young person. And it's like, oh, my God, that is a symptom of, you know, sort of like the world we're living in. And I'm not saying that's good or bad. I mean, it's bleak. It's like very bleak. It's the same thing with sports gambling. And sports gambling seems for now like a lot more exploitative because they have the account managers who come and are like, hey, you've lost three grand. Why don't we give you two grand worth of credit? Yes. And all of these ways that you could leverage that, it is exploring the fact that because if you think about how the stock market is these days, what the fuck are you meant to do?

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28:01If you invest in a company based on its fundamentals, you're going to lose money probably. It's like Oracle is 12 % up right now, I think. This is going out in a week, so who knows where it will be. Even though they had like negative$24 billion cash flow, they're obviously misleading people when it comes to their CapEx. because they're going to spend only 50 billion this year and they've already spent over 40. I'm not really sure that worked. But if you, because the market and the hedge funds have decided there's something else they'd like to do, you cannot join that. So what are your other options?

28:36You've got, I don't know, betting on the slap fights, the literal slap competition. You've got sports gambling. And you've got this big impenetrable thing at the stock market. But then you've got these seemingly honest, easy bets of, oh, I can just bet on an outcome. That's fair. Yeah. Unless the outcome is full of asterisks. Yes, correct. Yeah, yeah, yeah. I think there was some research recently. I don't know how I should. I saw this on Twitter, disclaimer. Right. That like only 32.5 % of prediction market customers are profitable. Right. So two thirds of players are losers. I mean, that's gambling.

29:18That's gambling. You know, so yeah, I think, yeah, we, when we get into this, I think Gen Z, especially there's a certain amount of financial nihilism, just general, like dread vis-a-vis the future. And how am I ever going to have a house and et cetera, et cetera. And, oh, here's poly market. They let me bet on, you know, whether Trump will say China in his speech. And how many times he'll say it. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. this could be a fun thing that i could make money onto it they're like you could make my you could pay for your coffee with it yes and yes i will admit my favorite couchy story is the one that i'm sure both of you have read where it's uh they tried to hire a 15 year old streamer and i quote your brother legal team confirmed that we can't work with miners rn kind of sad dbh the rn and the tbh are really the cherry on top it's really like that's your brother it really just brings it all together it really brings it together but also right you need to watch running man because all of this just reminds me of that movie just like just like the this i get your slop in a bowl and bet on whether trump will will say a different is called nuclear the n-word like how many times will he do that and he's done that many times by the way not joking yeah which is yet another dystopian thing yes it just it feels like the actual solution here would be more regulation of banks and also getting rid of all of this i think sports gambling's i i know you probably can't come out on this directly but i think sports gambling is like one of the most noxious things because living in vegas gambling is everywhere but it's also very very regulated if you yes indeed if you look anything close to 21 they will come and card you yeah and they will chase you around like they will follow you i'm coming up on 40 and they still id me sometimes I'm beautiful I know but yeah you look you don't look a day over you look youthful 20 and 364 days but nevertheless it's you it's because they know that gambling is scary and that it's addictive and that a win can make you think every other win will happen except now it's just you can do it anywhere you can just do it everything every phone you've got every device you can gamble ah there are Instagram accounts yes that just there's this one with a guy who just dresses up like an old man and has a beer full of bush fridge full of bush light and it's just him being like and he's on a gambling site that is extremely extremely bleak and i think it's evil it's yeah and i think that like it is prompting like in the more traditional like so in banking and kind of like i think it is prompting these bigger questions and kind of existential questions about like yeah what is the difference you know in what we're doing and and kind of like what is like what are we doing here i mean you Again, it's like it is going back to the regulation.

32:09That is playing out right now, and that is why it's such an interesting conversation where you do have the Trump administration rolling back so many aspects of banking regulation, separate from prediction. Forget prediction markets. What kind of things? One example is for years, banks have tried to get regulators to go a little bit, make the stress testing process. Again, super important. What is the stress testing process? Where regulators every year will kind of simulate different disaster scenarios. Again, totally hypothetical. Employment shoots up. Stock market crashes. These hypothetical scenarios.

32:45And they test the banks. And they test the banks. Currently, with the amount of capital that a Wells Fargo or a J.P. Morgan has, can you weather this? Can you withstand? They always do very well. With caveats, obviously. But they come and say, okay, that could be a weakness. That could be a weakness. Right. Private credit has also introduced an interesting, you know, kind of wrinkle here because it is, by definition, there is, you know, kind of this hidden leverage and regulators have talked about that. But they're not banks, so they don't get stressed tested. But they're not banks, correct. And so that's a whole other fascinating, you know, kind of ecosystem where it's like, okay, you are a bank, I'm going to stress test you.

33:19You are lending, you, bank, are Ed Bank, okay, incorporated. You are going to lend to private credit lender. But when you lend to there, there's not as much tracking what your borrower is lending to. So you can see it is hard to track where that money is going. And I read the other day, I think it was middle of last year, the Boston Fed, I think it was, said that 14 % of large banks' loans went to private credit and private equity. Love it! It's a massive chunk of loan growth overall. And I think that like when you go to – so when you take prediction markets and you kind of take like the current regulatory backdrop, it's like – it adds an interesting wrinkle because it's like, okay, by and large, a lot of the financial regulators are like, yes, we want to be – like the bottom line is they are rolling back like traditional guardrails, you know, like around the banks.

34:14But now prediction markets like, okay, and that is currently being like, you know, kind of – that is being sorted out right now. So we'll see. And like the CFTC, I want to say, is like the only regulator. Again, it's like the most relevant one here that's like come out with like some guidance, but it remains to be seen. So, you know, we'll see kind of how the administration handles that. I just I feel like right now is personal opinion not held by my guests. I think that there is a massive regulatory problem with lying because right now my favorite example is OpenAI. So OpenAI signed a deal with AMD, except they didn't.

34:52It was just an agreement without any formal contract. AMD has not increased guidance. Oracle,$300 billion deal with OpenAI. Can't afford to serve it. Don't have the, has the raised debt. Data centers aren't built. SK Hynix and OpenAI, Samsung and OpenAI signed a big deal to take 40 % of RAM. Except they didn't. It was a letter of intent. All of these stocks have popped off of these deals. Nothing happened. It's very obvious there was never anything official. There should be regulation, because people in the audience might hear this and say, that's not stock manipulation. But what is? If that isn't, and people could say, oh, it's marketing.

35:34Oh, we used Weezer words. But it's like, it feels like things like this will lead to outcomes that lose a lot of money. There's a lot of people, a lot of money. and unless we do something soon it's only going to get worse because every time someone like this is not stopped someone else does it they're just like fuck it why would we bother yeah that will lead into the prediction markets as well because you could just start saying whatever yeah but that's actually that is the biggest thing with prediction you can just say stuff now there's like a over the the the extent to which uh the stock market is reliant on like increasingly complicated bits of semantics yes it's like we've just never we're at the semantic indexes.

36:16The asterisk and asterisk and asterisk. A letter of intent. Agreement. Consideration too. They're all deals. They're deals. They're agreements. But we've not changed guidance. We've not put any money. No one's actually doing anything. But, you know, it's just... Lest we forget a memorandum of understanding. Memorandum of understanding. MOUs are the best. I love a good MOU. They mean nothing. They mean absolutely nothing. Everyone, I love an MOU.

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40:01It's frustrating because I am not a particularly sophisticated trader. I may have only recently started putting money in the S &P 500 after a period of not. But it's, and that's in an index, by the way, it's... Very responsible. Very responsible. Very responsible. And loves the 80-20 portfolio. We love diversification. Here's the thing. My worry is that it's very obvious how you manipulate these markets. and without regulations to stop people, it's only going to get more ridiculous. You're just going to get CEOs that say things to create a market, possibly creating them themselves. And if they're a private company, that's not illegal, I believe.

40:42Yeah. So when we talk about like mention markets are a good example of where I think a lot of the manipulation concerns are. So a mention market is like, okay, during this podcast, will Ed say fuck wit? we're like we're betting on that like that the odds are high you just did it I've resolved the fuck with bet I won yeah so like will Caroline Levitt at the next White House press conference say the word China these are mentioned markets so we're literally just betting on the words that will come out of someone's mouth so a very high profile example of this is Coinbase CEO Brian Armstrong. Yeah.

41:28You know, at the end of an earnings call, there was a poly market mentioned market for what will Brian Armstrong say on the earnings call? And at the end, you know, literally like right before the like moderator was like, thanks for joining everyone. Like right before he's like, oh, someone just handed me the poly market for what I'm going to say. So I'll just get through all these, you know, Bitcoin Web3 just like went down the list and like paid all of them off. Right. So he has come out and said that he was not trading on that market or involved in any way. But like we are opening ourselves up to like new ways that we can like manipulate markets.

42:07Insider trade. And like when we create a market for everything and everything can become a bet, more people than ever can become insider traders because there's just so much more things to insider trade on. Well, here's a question. How much is necessary to create a market? How much money does it require? This is a good question. So Polymarket PR has told me that the primary criteria for if a market can be created, because they field suggestions from their users, the primary criteria is if there's evidence of demand for the yes side and the no side. Right. That's it. What is evidence in this case?

42:53If there's activity on Twitter about it, if people in the Discord are like, please, I want to bet on this. It seems pretty ad hoc. I don't have much more detail than that because they did not give me more detail than that. I imagine they don't need to. So it's not money? I mean, it's just like evidence of trading demand, right? And then they'll open it and then people can start betting on it. But you don't have to. They don't have to be like, all right, you all have$500. ready to go on this. There's nothing like that. As long as they can see that people will want to trade on it, they will make it.

43:28Makes sense. And that kind of goes to the question of just thinly regulated versus not. Or thinly traded, excuse me, versus not. It goes to the question of when banks look at something, they're like, we can't make a market out of trading on this one sports game. This one thing that has$200 ,000 in volume. There's just no way that a huge bank is ever going to like yeah you just open yourself up to so much so it goes back to that yeah i mean also i guess banks i didn't even think of that but yeah banks wouldn't want to touch it because there's not enough money in it i think it's when i think of like a thinly traded like stock yeah exactly it just goes back to liquidity and like the volatility and like if banks can find a way to make money on something legally they will oh yeah yeah they will and and so it's i you know You could see a world in which, and I'm not saying there is no regulatory framework that would allow this.

44:21No, I'm not saying that because in the future, you could see who knows what that could look like. And so the banks are just like, okay, we're going to wait for the regulators to say something. But it comes to a question of also internal enforcement. Banks all have very clear rules around insider trading. Someone has non-public information. if you trade on that you will be fired like you know that's very like well-worn you know kind of like but now with prediction markets how do you enforce that it is hard and so banks are like actively and again I'm just like talking about banks specifically you could also talk about like tech companies healthcare companies whatever but banks where like we have talked about this a lot like being this nexus of the markets and they do have a lot of information that you know okay that's different from someone in another sector like how does a compliance team enforce that that is an open like question right now that banks are like actively figuring out and it's a really interesting question of compliance and enforcement you know internally it's just it feels like the walls are breaking down around everything because before we do the prep call for this we talk about analysts for example and i named someone i'm not going to name people on this just for professional reasons but people know who i mean we're very professional we're all very professional i never say fuck um But there are these, I named someone and you were like, that's not an analyst.

45:42And it's becoming obvious that because they're on CNBC, they're on Bloomberg. It's like, you've got these people pretending to be analysts. You've got these entities like private credit pretending to be banks. You've got prediction markets pretending to be stock. It just feels like the walls are being torn down. And I know that this is going to, people aren't going to like this. I don't think most people should have access to the stock market or gambling. I think that they are dangerous. or at least they should be regulated in such a way that it's less dangerous, not just open season and then every third guy on Twitter is like, I'm an analyst, mate, you are a poster.

46:18Well, that's the interesting question. And I mean, I couldn't help but think in that moment of journalism, right? I mean, obviously, okay, there are journalists and writers and then there are people who are not held to the same standards and that's a whole other conversation. But with analysts, yeah, totally. I mean, like, it's – there are very clear kind of like you are regulated by FINRA, which is the self-regulated – you know, they're a regulator and they regulate the brokerage industry and like any, quote, sell-side analyst. So, like, you know, an analyst who is, again, held to these standards, like industry standards of disclosures and like conflict of interest and things like that.

46:54Like that is, quote, an analyst. Yeah, you can be an – of course, there are like other ways. but like that you can be an analyst and that is legitimate in like another sector or like another like on the buy side. Okay, fine. That's all legitimate. But there are certain standards that you're held to if you're like, for example, you know, like a FINRA analyst and like that's not a capital A analyst and that's not always clear to like a viewer of CMBC. So this is actually a question. What is a sell side analyst? Because I have listeners who have asked this before and I realized I haven't really defined it myself very well and you would know.

47:25For sure. You're at a brokerage, something like a brokerage inside a big bank, or you're just like a standalone kind of brokerage, a Morgan Stanley. Great, great example. They have their investment bank, and that's like, okay, they have their bankers over here and on the other side. And it's not this simple, but like on the other side, you have the sell side. And that is these analysts who are writing research reports. They are held to FINRA rule 2241, I think, section 6. Or 2241. Go Google it. That covers everything that a sell-side analyst must be held to. They are on the sell-side versus the buy-side.

48:02So they are selling research versus they're not managing a fund. They are giving information. They're issuing a buy-hold sell. They are giving price targets. They are looking at financial models. They are in a different spot than, again, someone on the buy side that is like reading the sell side. What does the sell thought mean? Selling research? Selling research, selling knowledge and wisdom. I don't know how the SEC defines that. I'll be very clear. And it's kind of like – I mean it's kind of outdated at this point. It's almost like an antiquated thing, sell side versus buy high. Just kind of how like a wire house – like that's a very antiquated way of saying like a big wealth manager.

48:44That's the big thing that's getting me at the moment. And I'm not naming anyone specific for professional reasons. But why is it that these analysts always set these massive targets and don't seem to be affected by reality? Because there is a non-specific, prominent data center analyst who quite literally went out on television yesterday and said that Oracle was a good buy. And it was that it's actually better when you look at the report. This is factually incorrect. It's not even an opinion thing. These cell-side analysts always seem very positive, even when reality isn't reflecting that. Shouldn't they know better?

49:23Is there a reason they would be more positive in general? Not talking about this person. Yeah. I mean, it's like, this is like one of my favorite issues. It's just, it's really fascinating because it kind of speaks to like this proliferation of like anyone can put out research and like anyone can kind of like a lowercase a analyst versus capital A analyst. I think that the thing to always go back to is 2001, I think 2002, new regulations were put in, spearheaded by Eliot Spitzer, who was the New York AG at the time. After Merrill Lynch, Morgan Stanley, certain analysts had put out research that was super bullish and was total mismatch to how they were privately describing Amazon.

50:04Henry Blodgett famously put out a report, banned from the industry. That's all well chronicled. All new regulations were put in place from security regulators around like, okay, you are an analyst. Okay, you have to include all sorts of new disclosures, which is great. I mean, and again, it's a very high standard. What could a disclosure be? A member of my household. I think the language is something like me or a member of my household owns a security in XYZ or something like that. And also, you know, kind of these charts you'll see at the bottom of a report where it shows the stock price, like Apple, for example, the stock price relative to like where their price target is to hold them accountable for like, you know, kind of what that's looking like.

50:52But that would require someone to hold them accountable. Yes, exactly. And analysts are, by and large, there's plenty of data on this, but they are a very bullish group. I mean, the data, if you just look at buy, hold, sell, they continue to be that. And the whole industry has really evolved where, and this is a whole other conversation, we talked about this a little bit, but people should be aware that corporate access is just a much bigger part of the analyst's job and all that. When you say corporate access, what do you mean? Yeah, like you're an analyst at a, again, a Morgan Stanley or a UBS.

51:31And just to call out two random ones, your clients, like a hedge fund investor, like a big institutional investor, access to the management team of the company that I cover as an analyst. So I'm covering the, you know, I'm a healthcare analyst and I'm covering Johnson & Johnson. and I can connect the investor who's reading my research with the CFO of Johnson & Johnson. I'm just calling out random companies. But it's that connection. It's that link. Well, it's access. It's just access. That feels like a bad thing. That doesn't feel like it benefits. It is definitely. It's one of these things that analysts have to manage.

52:16And I don't want to call it a conflict because it's not inherently a conflict, But it is another kind of piece of the job that, frankly, and there are many fantastic analysts out there who do manage that well and put out, you know, have great relationships, but put out critical research, you know, like substantive research. And you just have to manage that. And there are many fantastic analysts who do. But I even said it's not unlike sometimes being a beat reporter where you have to maintain just like good working relationships with the people you cover, even if you're going to say an accurate but like critical, fair thing.

52:48and then you just have to like move on. Again, very different from the role of an analyst, you know, but it is, there are similarities. I don't know if it's different. There are similarities. I just want to make sure I have it clear. Right, so a sell side analyst writes reports about companies in a certain sector and puts those reports out publicly and disseminates them to other banks, et cetera. And then hedge funds can go to the analyst and say, I want your specific research that you've done on these companies And also, can you introduce me to their management team? That's part of the offering.

53:22Exactly. I see. Exactly. And therefore, to be able to connect clients to management and make money for your firm, you have to, maybe you have to be a little more positive in your report on that firm than you normally would in order to be able to connect your clients with them. That's it? That would be the cynical take. Absolutely. Okay. But the very fair criticism, I would say. Okay. I don't think that should be legal. I do not think it should be legal. The cynical take, but it's just like a feature that, and again, they're like excellent, excellent, excellent analysts who just like manage that.

54:00That's why we're being nonspecific. And who just manage that. And it's just like being, and again, yes, okay, there are differences. But it is not unlike you write a tough story on a company, you are fair, and then you got to move on. And then you got to like move on. You know what I mean? But the thing is, I don't know. I know. i think access journalism is bullshit and i think we're in the beginning of history as i wrote yeah last week it it is it's no longer useful to do access access journalism doesn't work it doesn't get you anything if a pr firm or a pr person at a company doesn't answer your question because they're mad at you that's their fucking problem this is not the opinion of my guests this is just me i just when you told me this for the first time in the prequel i was kind of i sat and thought about it a lot because it's like you don't have to agree with me here it feels antithetical to good analysis to be like well i can't be too mean especially when your job is hey should i invest in this and it's like well you maybe should because i gotta i gotta get you the company i gotta make sure the company fuck that i i don't know this is the thing though gets back to my wider feeling about the stock market it's like that feels rigged it feels like you've got analysts who go on cnbc bloomberg and i'm sure people will say oh bloomberg real traders use the terminal whatever but it's like the growth of retail investors is what makes this dangerous to me the fact that it's the easiest time ever to invest in stocks if i felt like buying a stock right now i could do so in a few taps yeah if that's the case having a or that should be the disclosure here's a here's a good centrist path i think that they should have to write down every introduction they've made oh they should say every time every time they've introduced a hedge fund and they don't even need to name them.

55:44They just need to say made introduction on this date. That way we could see because, oh, I bet there'd be a lot of them. Yeah. Also, I'm getting all new ideas for FOIA requests. Do it. Not that they would be, not that many would actually fall into that at all because it's all private sector. FOIA is many. But that's, you know, like, but I'm just getting ideas. I'm just getting ideas. Again, totally different. No, but this is the thing. Yeah, yeah, yeah. This is what good journalism is because it's like these messy little lines between information that are not disclosed. Exactly. And it wouldn't be as big a deal if they disclose this stuff.

56:16But also, the term analyst is used very vaguely these days. Totally. It's confusing to people. Citrini Research, for example. Yeah. Oh, my God, did you see that? People who are, for example, again, get to the heart of people who are held to an industry, regulated industry standard that is very closely held, closely watched versus not. Yeah. That's a perfect example. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Perfect example. All right. I think we're going to wrap it there. We've had a great time. Where can we find you two? I'm on X at Nick Dever underscore, or you can check out my newly launched website, Nick Dever dot com.

56:52And you vibe coded and it's beautiful. Sorry, don't cancel me, Ed. I can't believe you outed me at the end. I'm going to vibe literally. Fuck. Nevermind. Or Barron's dot com. Yes. You can find me on Barron's dot com. All right, everyone. You can find me, of course, where's your Ed dot at better off line dot com. This podcast that you're already listening to. you'll have a monologue later in the week thank you all thank you thank you for listening to better offline the editor and composer of the better offline theme song is matt osowski you can check out more of his music and audio projects at matt osowski.com M-A-T-T-O-S-O-W-S-K-I.com You can email me at ez at betteroffline.com or visit betteroffline.com to find more podcast links and, of course, my newsletter.

57:44I also really recommend you go to chat.wheresyoured.at to visit the Discord and go to r slash betteroffline to check out our Reddit. Thank you so much for listening. Better Offline is a production of Cool Zone Media. For more from Cool Zone Media, visit our website, coolzonemedia.com or check us out on the iHeartRadio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts.

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From the publisher

In this week’s Better Offline, Ed is joined by Rebecca Ungarino and Nick Devor of Barron’s to talk about the legalities of prediction markets, their effect on society, and how everyone is operating on the bleeding edge of financial regulations.

Nick Devor:
https://www.barrons.com/authors/nick-devor

https://x.com/nickdevor_

Rebecca Ungarino:
https://www.barrons.com/authors/rebecca-ungarino

Story (from both of them!): JPMorgan Is Considering New Prediction Market Guidance for Employees
https://www.barrons.com/articles/jpmorgan-kalshi-polymarket-prediction-markets-rules-9f871a65 

Save $10 off a year of my premium newsletter: https://edzitronswheresyouredatghostio.outpost.pub/public/promo-subscription/gzqwkv54e1 - I’d be so grateful!

YOU CAN NOW BUY BETTER OFFLINE MERCH! Go to https://cottonbureau.com/people/better-offline and use code FREE99 for free shipping on orders of $99 or more. Buy our new “FUCK DATA CENTERS” shirts today!

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