In short
Q&A on real estate decisions (keep vs sell, rent vs buy, landlord math), retirement investing priorities, and ETF diversification (“how many is too many”).
Guests
Robert Nauston and Austin (co-host; no separate guest bios given).
Guest backgrounds
Robert and Austin are long-time personal finance educators/hosts of Rich Habits; they provide tax and investing guidance and run numbers for listeners.
Key claims
Keep rental homes when total return (cash flow + capital appreciation + tax write-offs) beats opportunity cost; rent for 1–2 years when relocating to learn the area, because most mortgage payment is interest (example: ~86% of PITI). For ETFs, 5–8 is the “sweet spot”; too many funds create heavy overlap and extra fees. For a 25-year-old analyst, focus on AI expertise and build a base in index ETFs; don’t overcomplicate early.
Notable examples
A Northern California listener’s $800k home—cash flow ~$800/month but low cash-on-cash (~1.9%); projected 4–5% appreciation yields ~6.5% plus possible tax benefits (~7–7.5%). A teacher couple’s $300/month rental cash flow is “peanuts” vs equity; likely sell for peace of mind and pay off 7% HELOC.
Written by AI. May contain mistakes. Listen to the episode to check what was said.
Chapters
Tap a time to open that second in VOAnonymous Listener's Question on Real Estate
2:04 to 3:03
Discussion on whether to sell or keep a home as a rental property.
“On Public, you can build a multi-asset portfolio of stocks, bonds, options, cryptocurrency, and now generated assets, which allow you to turn any idea into an investable index using AI.”
Analyzing Rental Property Decisions
3:03 to 5:50
Exploring the financial implications of renting versus selling a home.
“So we've got our first question here from an anonymous listener.”
Understanding Investment Returns
5:50 to 9:26
Discussion on calculating overall returns from real estate versus other investments.
“And you guys are already up and running because you have this property.”
Mark A's Question on Asset Classes
9:26 to 11:20
Advice on navigating market volatility and asset allocation for growth.
“And I want everyone to also use the same framework when it comes to any investment they have.”
Career Growth and Investment Strategies
11:20 to 14:02
Tips for increasing income and focusing on long-term investment growth.
“But before Robert answers this, I just want to address$3 ,200 a month as an analyst means your gross salary is about$45 ,000 to$50 ,000.”
Building Your Financial Base
14:02 to 15:14
Learn the importance of investing in index funds and ETFs to build financial security.
“I don't think you need to be wasting your time trying to invest the little amount of money that you have right now into anything besides the index funds and ETFs we talk about.”
Rent vs. Buy Dilemma
15:14 to 19:53
Explore the pros and cons of renting versus buying a home when relocating.
“It's been incredibly encouraging and keeping us on the right path.”
The Case for Renting
19:53 to 20:51
Understand why renting for a couple of years may be the smarter choice when relocating.
“figuring out, okay, what neighborhoods are nice?”
Real Estate Horror Stories
20:51 to 23:00
Hear cautionary tales about the pitfalls of buying real estate without proper local knowledge.
“It's really hard to do that when you don't live there.”
Advice on Home Buying Timing
23:00 to 24:11
Learn about the importance of timing and research before making a home purchase.
“Another great example of that, someone that's friends with us here, Robert, near and dear to our hearts, was going to go buy another property or sell their home or go buy a property in Florida.”
Show all 19 chapters
Understanding ETFs and Diversification
24:11 to 27:03
Get insights on how many ETFs to hold and the importance of diversification.
“You've got the down payment, you've got the real estate experience, everything's going to be just great.”
Thematic ETFs and Investment Strategy
27:03 to 28:00
Explore thematic ETFs and how to integrate them into your investment strategy.
“last week inside the Rich Habits Network, we hosted a live stream.”
Building a Diverse ETF Portfolio
28:00 to 29:50
Learn about constructing a varied ETF portfolio with cost-effective options.
“You could build a wonderful bridge account with VOO, QQQ, DIA, maybe some SPYI, QQQI, BNDI, VXUS for some international, and maybe a couple thematics.”
Jennifer's Retirement Planning
29:50 to 31:08
Understand effective retirement strategies for a newly remarried couple.
“Jennifer says, I'm looking for some guidance on my current retirement planning.”
Maximizing Investment Contributions
31:08 to 34:15
Discover ways to increase investment contributions and budget effectively.
“Good news is y 'all make a ton of money.”
Josh's Real Estate Dilemma
35:57 to 42:01
Evaluate whether to sell a rental property or maintain ownership for equity.
“My name is Josh and I live in Washington State.”
Optimizing for Peace of Mind and Debt Management
42:01 to 43:34
Learn strategies for managing debt and optimizing financial decisions for peace of mind.
“That's a really cool trip you're going to take next summer.”
Retirement Strategies for Young Professionals
43:35 to 46:02
Explore effective retirement strategies for government employees in their 30s.
“Maybe it's in, again, NEO's funds and it's paying you a monthly distribution.”
Real Estate Insights for New York City
46:03 to 48:22
Discover real estate investment strategies for high-cost living areas like NYC.
“Do they go out and think about buying a house?”
Transcript
Automatic transcript. May contain errors.0:00Robert Croak:Today we helped a latte for Sam coffee shop get an insurance quote simply and easily and made sure a floral delivery van was able to make someone's day. We're the Hartford with decades of experience insuring millions of unique small businesses. When it comes to your small business insurance.
0:20Austin Hankwitz:Thank you.
0:22Robert Croak:One size absolutely does not fit all. Get a quote or find an agent today at the Hartford dot com slash small business. This episode is brought to you by Indeed. Stop waiting around for the perfect candidate. Instead, use Indeed Sponsored Jobs to find the right people with the right skills fast. It's a simple way to make sure your listing is the first candidate C. According to Indeed data, Sponsored Jobs have four times more applicants than non-sponsored jobs. So go build your dream team today with Indeed. Get a$75 Sponsored Job Credit at Indeed.com slash podcast. Terms and conditions apply. Hey, everyone, and welcome back to the Rich Habits podcast question and answer edition.
1:03Robert Croak:These are our Thursday episodes. Every Thursday, we come out and answer your questions as if we were going through what you are going through. People give us the feedback of this is great advice. I love it. Or I do this differently. And you know what? That's what's so fun. Personal finance is personal. We can all do things differently. And you are now getting our perspective on how we would do something if we were in your shoes.
1:26Austin Hankwitz:Yeah, I love these episodes and the crowd seems to love them as well because you're right. Personal finance is personal. Everyone is going through something. But I also think it's a little bit cathartic for people, too, because they're like, wow, other people are going through problems as well. It's not just me. Other people have questions and they don't know what to do next. So that's what we're here for. Make sure to ask these questions. DM us. Send us a carrier pigeon. Doesn't matter how. You can send it on Spotify, YouTube, DM, whatever. We don't care. We are here to help.
1:56Robert Croak:Yeah, if you have a question, DM us on Instagram at richhabitspodcast or email us at richhabitspodcast at gmail.com. This episode of the Rich Habits Podcast is brought to you by Public, the investing platform for those who take it seriously. On Public, you can build a multi-asset portfolio of stocks, bonds, options, cryptocurrency, and now generated assets, which allow you to turn any idea into an investable index using AI.
2:21Austin Hankwitz:And it all starts with your prompt. From renewable energy companies with high free cash flow to semiconductor suppliers growing revenue over 20 % year over year, you can literally type any prompt and put the AI to work. It screens thousands of stocks, builds a one-of-a-kind index, and even lets you backtest it against the S &P 500, all with just a few clicks.
2:42Robert Croak:You can think of generated assets like ETFs, but with infinite possibilities. They're completely customizable and they're based on your thesis, not somebody else's. So go to public.com slash rich habits and earn an uncapped 1 % bonus when you transfer your portfolio. That's public.com slash rich habits.
2:59Austin Hankwitz:Paid for by public investing. Full disclosure in the podcast description.
3:03Robert Croak:So we've got our first question here from an anonymous listener. Our anonymous listener says, hello, I've been a longtime listener of the show. I'm 38 years old and I live in Northern California with my husband and our three kids. All three of them are six years old or younger. Together, we earn$340 ,000 a year. After taxes, maxing out our employer retirement accounts and taking other deductions, we take home$16 ,000 per month. We currently have$830 ,000 in our retirement accounts,$170 ,000 in our bridge account, and$45 ,000 in 529 plans for the kids. We have no debt other than our mortgage. Our current mortgage payment, including property taxes and insurance, is$2 ,400 per month at a 3 % interest rate.
3:48Robert Croak:The home is worth$800 ,000. We owe$300 ,000. We've lived here for 10 years. In about a year, my job will relocate to the Tri-Valley area, which is 50 miles from our current home. Fortunately, my parents own a fully paid-off rental home in a nearby city. They've agreed to let my family and myself move in and pay$4 ,500 a month in rent. The rental home is currently valued at$1.5 million and held in a trust that will eventually be passed down to me so I don't have any pressure to buy a new home in that area. Comparable homes in the Tri-Valley area start in the high 900s for a four-bedroom. Based on current market rental prices, I could likely rent out our existing home for about $3 ,400 a month if we move into this new rental.
4:34Robert Croak:So here's my question. Should I sell my home after I move out and move to this new location? Or do I keep my home and use it as a rental property? Is it worth keeping the home as a rental and becoming a landlord? If not, and I do decide to sell it, what would those tax implications be? Robert, what would you do in this person's situation?
4:52Austin Hankwitz:Well, they're crushing it. I would keep the home, especially because the proximity to the new home they're going to be renting that is eventually going to be theirs is so close and nearby. I would find a localized property manager so you don't have to go over there and handle toilets or contractors or the lawn guy or any of that stuff. And I would enjoy all of the growth, all of the capital appreciation, plus the write-offs because as you become a new rental landlord, you'll be able to deduct all of those expenses like mortgage interest, property taxes, repairs, maintenance, depreciation. All of that gives you some tax advantages as well, making this new life as a rental property owner kind of beneficial to you.
5:36Austin Hankwitz:And then also you're avoiding the tax man by having this long term capital gains that you would have by selling it. So that's what I would do. You guys are crushing it. There is nothing wrong with building wealth within real estate. Everyone should do it. And you guys are already up and running because you have this property.
5:54Robert Croak:This is a really good question. Robert and I ran some numbers here, so we want to share them with you. So how you should be thinking about this as anyone that finds themselves in this situation is what is my all in return by owning this real estate compared to the next best opportunity, right? So you've got about half a million dollars of equity here tied up in this rental home. Well, it'll become a rental home. And then you also have a thousand dollars a month of cashflow. So you said your mortgage is$2 ,400. You can rent it out for$3 ,400. Call it$800 a month when you take out a couple hundred bucks a month for vacancies and repairs and stuff like that.
6:30Robert Croak:So$800 times 12 is$9 ,600 a year in annual cash flow that you will receive by renting this house out. Now, the cash on cash return of that against the half a million dollars is only 1.9%, which is very low. It is incredibly low, right? That's not at its core what this is for you. However, Robert and I then went on to Zillow and we found a ton of other homes in the$800 ,000 range in this area of California that you live in. and we did some math and it's looking like a four to five percent annual capital appreciation on average since 2019-2020, pretty consistently. So assuming that four and a half-ish percent continues to trend higher and continues to go up into the right over time, you're now looking at a blended cash on cash return plus this appreciation of about six and a half percent.
7:24Robert Croak:Okay, cool. So now you get about a six and a half percent return on your half a million dollar investment by keeping it in this real estate. And then, you know, as a landlord, and now if you work with the right, I'm sure tax accountants and stuff, you can get some tax savings, some tax alpha, some depreciation, some write offs, things like that. Maybe that adds another 1 % or so, maybe one and a half if you're lucky. And so now you're talking about a seven to seven and a half percent annual return by having this and keeping it as a rental property. I don't think there's anything wrong with that at all.
7:58Robert Croak:You have a ton of money invested. You guys make a ton of money after taxes. You're contributing to all your retirement accounts right now in an incredible way. I mean, if you wanted to keep this as a rental property and let it just be that stable up into the right, you know, net worth compounder that real estate is, I think that's fine. If you wanted to sell it and reinvest it into the markets after you pay your taxes and things like that, that's also fine. But if I were in your shoes, I think I'd keep it. I would hope to charge more than that 3 ,400 a month. Maybe you can get closer to 3 ,800 or 4 ,000 a month.
8:29Robert Croak:That would really change the numbers here. But all in all, you're looking at about maybe seven or seven and a half percent return annualized on your half a million dollars of equity here.
8:38Austin Hankwitz:I really like that breakdown, Austin. And I think the biggest takeaway for me is everyone watching that's in this situation or could be in this situation down the road is understanding the total net that you make. What are you making on your money, that cash on cash return? Because so many people just look at what I'm making from the rent. They don't look at the capital appreciation. They don't look at rents go up every year or every two years. So there's more money there. There's a lot of things to consider and make sure you understand the totality of the numbers. So you can calculate the actual return up against what Austin alluded to and other investment opportunity, like the S &P 500 that generally returns eight or 9 % a year.
9:19Austin Hankwitz:As long as you understand those numbers, you can make an educated decision on do I keep it or do I sell it?
9:25Robert Croak:That's right. We use the same framework every single time. And I want everyone to also use the same framework when it comes to any investment they have. If you've got real estate, maybe it's a venture investment, maybe it's into some sort of crypto or precious. Always think about what is my opportunity cost of keeping this? And does that opportunity cost make sense for my risk profile? Because in real estate, historically speaking, it's not too risky. It compounds over a long period of time, it goes up into the right. And if you're making a little bit of cash along the way, that's great too. But if you've got money sitting in something that is far more risky, and it does not align with your risk profile, but you could have instead put that money over in the S &P, or maybe it's an illiquid investment.
10:10Robert Croak:Like maybe you're investing into a real estate syndication or an actual venture investment that might not ever have a liquidity event. You know, having the same$25 ,000 in the S &P 500 or whatever that might look like for you could be a very different situation and scenario. So again, just always be thinking about opportunity cost and comparing it to the next best thing, which is the S &P 500 that compounds at about 8 to 12 % per year. So our next question comes from Mark A. Mark says, hey guys, in a volatile 2026, what asset classes and sectors are best positioned to capture the upside risk shifting market and provide long-term growth?
10:48Robert Croak:My name is Ariel. I'm soon to be 25 years old. I'm an analyst and in federal IT GovCon industry making$3 ,200 a month. 5 % of my compensation goes to my employer matched 401k. $400 is automated into my Fidelity Roth IRA with$2 ,000 totally invested using the 80-10-10 method. My monthly expenses amount to about$1 ,000 living at home and I have six months of an emergency fund saved up. Admire your accomplishments, Keep up the great work, but would love to get your perspective. Great question. I'll let Robert jump in. But before Robert answers this, I just want to address$3 ,200 a month as an analyst means your gross salary is about$45 ,000 to$50 ,000.
11:30Robert Croak:Not knocking it. I think that's great. I'm glad you have a job right now. A lot of new grads don't have jobs. That's great. You have a job. But we'd love to see you as an analyst, maybe making closer to$60 ,000,$70 ,000,$80 ,000. Maybe that means you have to leave a low-paying government job or federal government job to achieve that. But with your, I'm assuming, IT analyst, everything going on with AI and cybersecurity right now, I would imagine there's some better opportunities for you out there,$60 ,000,$70 ,000,$80 ,000 a year. So think about that. But Robert, jump into this question.
12:02Austin Hankwitz:Yeah, I'm going to linger on exactly where you went because that's where my brain went on this question. 25 years old life ahead of them in it already so they know their way around the internet and how to work on computers and do all these things i would really heavily focus on becoming an expert in ai and some sort of portion of ai because that way you can go get more money love to see you get that up to 60 70 80 000 a year because you've already done a lot of the cool things we like to see. You've automated investing. You understand to put this money away every single month and live within your means.
12:39Austin Hankwitz:All of that is important, but I would love to see you focus on how do I make myself more valuable so I can get that pay up in the coming years. That would be step number one. Step number two, you're 25 years old. I love what you're doing already, but I would be a little more risk on. You ask where I would go in these market volatility situations. For me, there's been a lot of money made over the last couple of years in commodities, in AI, those big tech companies, these hyperscalers, energy. There is a lot of places to make money that you could have a little portion of your portfolio every single month going towards these more high beta or growth oriented sectors of the market.
13:21Austin Hankwitz:So I would get a portion of your money, maybe 10 or 15 % of it going towards some of these high growth areas to give you a little more volatility maybe, but also more growth on the upside since you are so young and you can take the risk. And then my last point, I don't know how many hours you're working. I'm assuming if it's federal, you're working 40 hours a week. I would look at getting a side hustle while learning the AI, maybe in that field or any side hustle and take all of that money. And I would invest all of the side hustle money since you're living below your means into these sectors to help you get that growth.
13:57Robert Croak:I'm going to take the other side of that. And Mark A or Arol, I don't really know what to call you. Let's just call you Mark A. I don't think you need to be wasting your time trying to invest the little amount of money that you have right now into anything besides the index funds and ETFs we talk about. You'd mentioned that you've got$400 that's automated into your Fidelity Roth IRA. And you mentioned a couple of names here that I didn't call out, but it's the index funds, It's the S &P, it's the NASDAQ, stuff like that. You've got$2 ,000 invested that way, 5 % to your 401k. Go build your base.
14:30Robert Croak:You're 25, you're living at home. Go stack as much money as possible in the S &P 500. Go get tens of thousands, if not over$100 ,000 invested across your retirement accounts, your bridge account, your Roth IRA, all that stuff. Get it invested because maybe you're 30 years old now. You have built your base because on average, it takes seven to eight years for people to do that. And now you're 30 years old with$100 ,000 invested, which is an incredible place to be versus, you know, maybe you took 10%, 15 % of your money and you put it into some stuff. And yeah, maybe some of it worked out. But maybe that money could have just better been suited for index funds and ETFs and building your base before taking on any unnecessary risk, in my opinion.
15:11Robert Croak:You just build your base. That's what we tell everyone to do. Just build your base. So our next question comes from HA. HA says, hi, Robert Nauston. I love the show. It's been incredibly encouraging and keeping us on the right path. We have a rent versus buy dilemma for our upcoming relocation and would love your take. Here's our snapshot of our family. We are both 36 and we have a child. We net$9 ,200 a month after taxes, 401k, and maxing out our Roth IRA contributions. In our retirement, we have$80 ,000 total in our 401ks. we both contribute 8 % and receive a 6 % match. We also have$50 ,000 total in our Roth IRAs.
15:48Robert Croak:We own two duplexes that are self-paying and generating a small reserve for repairs. Each have about$60 ,000 of equity. We have$100 ,000 sitting in a high yield savings account earning 4 % intended to be a down payment or reserves. We have$0 of debt outside of our rental mortgages. Here's the dilemma. We are relocating and we have two options. Option one is to rent at$2 ,700 a month. Option two is to buy at$4 ,000 a month. And this is the estimated PITI for a home or townhome where we're going to relocate to. So do we buy now and lock in the price even with a 10 % down and$4 ,000 a month payment?
16:27Robert Croak:Or should we rent and invest the gap of$1 ,300 a month into our Roths and brokerages? We're torn between locking in the home cost and feeding the compounding machine with that$1 ,300 difference. What would you do in our shoes? Robert, first, explain what the acronym P-I-T-I is when they had mentioned that$4 ,000 a month, and then jump in and give your perspective and sort of the advice you like to give people when they're relocating to new locations.
16:54Austin Hankwitz:Yeah, P-I-T-I stands for Principal, Interest, Taxes, and Insurance. A very, very important acronym in real estate because so many people look at what's the monthly payment. They don't look at all the other costs to understand their total ownership cost. So first and foremost, very important call out. Thank you on that, Austin. This is also another tricky one. That is why I love these really deep questions of what to do. I'm torn because although interest rates, mortgage interest rates are not at all time highs, but they are down a little bit from 2025 highs. they're still mid six to upper six as far as mortgage interest rate.
17:34Austin Hankwitz:So that is a little bit tricky for me because it puts you in a situation where I feel like you're buying at the top of the market without the advantages of a low interest rate. So it's a little tricky. My gut reaction is I would rent for$2 ,700 a month because you're relocating. And instead of buying and trying to make sure you love the neighborhood, you love the area, you know all the restaurants and it's for you. I like to tell people if I'm relocating, I would rather see you rent for one year to two years, figure out what you like, figure out the travel patterns, really get to know the neighbors, the restaurants and everything to make sure it's your vibe.
18:09Austin Hankwitz:I did the same thing when I relocated to Florida and then buy. Now you give up one to two years of maybe some growth in a property or something else. But right now everything is against you anyway, because prices in most areas have not come down that much, but rates are really high. So I would relocate. I would rent for one to two years, take that money, invest all of it in the market, that$1 ,300 delta into the markets every single month and figure out where you really wanna live and what you love and then buy because homes aren't going anywhere and you'll be able to find exactly what you want rather than trying to buy ahead before you even know the area.
18:48Robert Croak:To even add more on top of that too, Robert, I think people make the mistake of telling themselves or convincing themselves that renting is throwing money away. Oh, I'm renting. I'm just throwing this money away. Newsflash, 86 % of your monthly mortgage payment, whenever you get this new, you know, this new mortgage, this$4 ,000 a month, 86 % of it here, depending on your exact amortization schedule, but on average, 86 % goes toward interest. 86%. So it's not like, you know the other 14 that you're actually using to pay down your principal is like genuinely making a dent in your net worth right so like what what is that number 400 bucks 500 bucks a month is like actually going to paying down the principal the rest is going toward interest use that mindset here because we know you're smart people you're looking at all the numbers you're doing a great job when it comes to you know having this cash on the side the duplexes like you guys have figured this stuff out you're doing an incredible job ha in your family here but i totally agree especially if it's a new area, spend 24 months renting.
19:50Robert Croak:And then every weekend, go do some reconnaissance, figuring out, okay, what neighborhoods are nice? Where do I want to be location wise? I thought this was going to be the perfect neighborhood. Turns out that, you know, maybe the traffic patterns weren't what I thought they were like. There's so much studying that goes into buying a home that you can't accomplish it in a short period of time. Assuming that short period of time is, you know, selling the home to now relocating, like you got to be in the area for a while. And the big piece of advice I could give anyone listening right now when it comes to owning a home is you got to own it for five to seven years for it to make sense.
20:28Robert Croak:And if you just jump into a new house in some neighborhood, and you have no idea what you're getting yourself into the traffic patterns, anything else going on in this new place you're relocating to, and then you say, wait a second, I got to go sell this now because I don't like the house we moved into, you're going to be upside down. Equity is going to be lost. It's just going to be bad news bears. If I were you, I'd rent for two years. I would forget about the renting is throwing money away mindset. And I would be as laser focused as possible on finding that forever home while I spend that two years hanging around the city that I'm relocating to, finding the traffic patterns, understanding the school districts, figuring out all that stuff.
21:07Robert Croak:It's really hard to do that when you don't live there. So go relocate, rent for a couple of years. Your kid's going to be justify on living in an apartment or something. And then once you've done your research, go find that home that you want to spend five, seven, 10 years in.
Read the full transcript
21:21Austin Hankwitz:I love it. And I'm going to tell two horror stories. I tell everyone that'll listen when buying real estate, most people look at homes on the weekends, Saturday and Sunday, because they're off work and it's fun. They get their coffee. Everyone's in the car. They go run around, look at all these homes. Problem is on weekends, a lot of times the businesses nearby are closed. So horror story number one, beautiful waterfront property was on the market for a while and I couldn't figure it out and these people wanted to buy it and they asked me to take a look at it. I found out that during the week, Monday through Friday, nine to five, there was a stamping plant nearby that's just making all of this noise, all this pounding noise all day long.
22:00Austin Hankwitz:And second, and this was me making a mistake, I bought a house really quick. I'm like, love it. This is going to be great. Yada, yada, yada. It was going to be a rental. And I found out that the people on the other side of the alley from this home, this was a long time ago, were breeding dogs. So when I was there, there was no dog noise. So the real estate agent must have said, put the dogs away because it was behind a privacy fence. I didn't see it. So I always tell everyone before you ever buy a property, this is why rental is so important when you're relocating, make sure to go check out the neighborhood, get lunch and go sit by the home you like.
22:37Austin Hankwitz:Go walk the neighbor and make sure you understand everything about it. Make sure you research the legal side of it. Are there any pedophiles or criminals and all of these things so you understand? Because once you buy it, a lot of times people are there for two or three years trying to figure out how to get out of it. So it's just better to me, in my opinion, to always rent first to learn the area you love.
23:00Robert Croak:Yeah. Another great example of that, someone that's friends with us here, Robert, near and dear to our hearts, was going to go buy another property or sell their home or go buy a property in Florida. And they went and toured the house. They're doing all this stuff. And then they took the advice kind of that you're sharing. And they sat around for about 30, 45 minutes to an hour. And in the short period of time that it took them to go toward the house, this didn't happen. But when they stuck around for an hour afterward, there was a airport that apparently wasn't like you can't hear the planes taking off.
23:31Robert Croak:But when they're in the air, they all turn around to like, you know, go wherever they got to go. And they all turn around above this house. And so now, you know, after a hour, this guy's counting 7, 10, 12 airplanes, and you hear those airplanes going over your house every year. So you got to just take it easy when it comes to home buying. This is not a rush decision. I think HA, you find yourself in a wonderful situation, rent for two years, don't worry about throwing away money, because 86 % of your PITI is going to go to interest anyway, right? Just take it easy, take your time. And then when you are certain as to where you want to buy, that's when you're now going to be purchasing from a place of strength.
24:11Robert Croak:You've got the down payment, you've got the real estate experience, everything's going to be just great. So our next question comes from Tom H. Hey team, love what you do. And I've learned a ton from the show. I have a single brokerage account with multiple ETF investments inside of it. My question is how many ETFs is too many? I understand the goal of diversification, but at what point does adding more positions start to water it down? On the flip side, I don't want to miss out on exposure to new sectors or opportunities that come along. I've been interested in some of the options that you've suggested.
24:40Robert Croak:So where's the sweet spot? Is there a rule of thumb? How many is too many? My quick take on this is you got your three major, you know, indices, the S &P 500, which is the 500 largest, most profitable companies in the United States. Then you've got the NASDAQ 100, the 100 largest companies listed on the NASDAQ. And then you have the Dow Jones Industrial Average, which are the 30 names with the Dow Jones, right? So like you got VOO, QQQ, DIA. Those are the three ETFs. If you got those ETFs in your portfolio, up and to the right, American capitalism. If you want to have some international exposure, call it 5 % to 15 % maybe because you want to have some of that international, VXUS.
25:21Robert Croak:And you just did all of that with four names. Maybe you want some bonds, BNDI. Now you got five ETFs. You've got American capitalism, some international exposure, and some bonds. That's five. I'm sure you could add in other names, some thematics to get yourself up to six, seven, or eight. But I feel like over 10, you have more than 10 ETFs in your portfolio. You're probably doing too much. But Robert, what's your take?
25:44Austin Hankwitz:I agree 100%. And I'm giggling because I love this question. I talk to so many people inside the Rich Habits Network or outside of the Rich Habits Network, and they'll be like, well, you look at my portfolio and tell me what I'm doing wrong. And they'll have like 17, 21 ETFs, and there'll be so much overlap that they're just paying additional fees and leaving growth on the table, and they're not truly diversified. I agree with you. I think five to eight is the sweet spot. I think somewhere probably six or seven is perfect because you can do exactly what you said, Austin. You get all of these sectors.
26:19Austin Hankwitz:Like I made a quick list. For me, S &P 500, Dow Jones Industrial, QQQ for NASDAQ, AIQ for that AI international exposure, dividends, VTI maybe if you wanted to have the total stock market, and then VXUS for the total global stock market for all these big cap companies. I think that's all you really need unless you want to delve into some of the dark arts of some of these emerging smaller sectors that could be cool. But please don't have portfolios with 15 or 20 funds in them. You don't need it. You're going to have a 30, 40 percent overlap on so many of these funds, and you're not going to gain the growth and the stability you're looking for to build well.
27:02Robert Croak:I will add, though, Robert, you know, and I'm pulling up my notes right now. last week inside the Rich Habits Network, we hosted a live stream. The markets were all over the place and people are saying, hey guys, you always say there's a bull market somewhere, you just have to find it. What are some thematic ETFs that are doing well so far in 2026? So one here is POW. Another one is DTCR. Another ETF that's done well this year, especially with the SpaceX IPO is UFO. You also have SMH has done well. REMX is a name we've talked about for a long time, those rare earth strategic metals. So there's a ton of these names that have done well as thematic ETFs.
27:42Robert Croak:And if you're looking for some thematic ETF exposure, yeah, drop in one, two, maybe three of those in your portfolio that you believe in. But you don't need 12. You don't need 14 or 26 of them. Because to your point, Robert, the overlap gets nauseating, and you just don't need all that complexity. You could build a wonderful bridge account with VOO, QQQ, DIA, maybe some SPYI, QQQI, BNDI, VXUS for some international, and maybe a couple thematics. Maybe you want to have REMX. Maybe you want the UFO because you think space exploration's cool. Maybe you want to have OZEM, which is the Ozempic thematic ETF.
28:24Robert Croak:Maybe KOID, which is the humanoid thematic ETF. There's a ton out there that are really interesting and cool, but you don't need all of them.
28:34Austin Hankwitz:I love it. And it's just so important for all of you to do the research because personal finance is personal. And we want to make sure you understand what you own and why you own it. So important.
28:45Robert Croak:Last thing I'll add to is we always encourage people when it comes to their long-term investing, retirement accounts, things like that, to go with the cheapest ETF, right? Right. VOO is very cheap. QQQM is very cheap. But go with that cheapest ETF so you don't have to pay a lot in fees over the next couple of decades. Some of these thematic ETFs on the flip side are not cheap because they're actively managed and those managers have to create them and build them from scratch and like ensure that they continue to track the secular growth trend that they're trying to operate inside of. So if you see a thematic ETF and it's 0.6 % or 0.72 or 0.49 or whatever it might be, don't get too scared.
29:24Robert Croak:That's very normal for thematic ETFs. What we do encourage you to get scared about, again, is when your deep index funds that you're just going to trend up into the right for a long period of time, those big, big holdings in your portfolio, run away if it is above, you know, half a percent or 1%. You just want the cheapest, easiest way to get exposure to the S &P, NASDAQ, and Dow Jones, things like that. So our next question comes from Jennifer W. Jennifer says, I'm looking for some guidance on my current retirement planning. I live in Florida and I was recently remarried. I'm 46 years old and my husband and I have a combined household income of$300 ,000 a year.
30:02Robert Croak:I currently have more retirement savings than he does, so I want to be thoughtful about how I move forward. Here's a snapshot of our financial situation. We have$60 ,000 in a high yield savings, which serves as our six-month emergency fund. We pay our credit cards off every month, but probably should spend less. I own a home and have$200 ,000 remaining on the mortgage at a low interest rate. I have an older profit sharing plan from my employer currently valued at$60 ,000. I'm unable to access it unless I leave my current job. I contribute$800 pre-tax to a 401k with no employer match. The current balance is$170 ,000.
30:38Robert Croak:I also participate in a 409A plan through my employer, which was recently started. I have$25 ,000 in that account and contribute enough to receive the 5 % employer match. Given my$300 ,000 a year income, I believe I may not be eligible to contribute directly to a Roth IRA. Should I be considering a backdoor Roth strategy or would it make more sense to focus on building a taxable brokerage account? I would really appreciate any guidance or suggestions on how to best optimize my retirement strategy moving forward. So Jen, awesome. Good news is y 'all make a ton of money. Bad news is you don't have nearly as much as I would hope getting invested every single month.
31:16Robert Croak:So you want to max out the Roth IRA. That's$625 a month. So let's multiply that by two. That's $1 ,250. You're contributing$800 a month. That's great. Now you're up to$2 ,000 a month that you are contributing to these accounts. And then you mentioned the 409A plan contributions. I don't know the exact terms of that and how much you're contributing from a dollar amount perspective. You mentioned the 5 % employer match, which means I'm assuming 5 % of your actual compensation gets contributed, which is another$1 ,250. So altogether, we're talking about$3 ,000-ish per month here that you are investing.
31:52Robert Croak:But I'm seeing$300 ,000 a year living in Florida with no state income tax. So I'm thinking you're taking home probably close to$20 ,000 a month, round it down, call it 18, right? So let's assume it's$18 ,000 a month. That means you guys are only contributing about 16 % of your take-home pay, which wow, 16%, that's good. You're right. 16 % solid. But what are you doing with the other 15, 16,$17 ,000 a month that you guys are just spending maybe on credit cards? Like I generally don't know. So if I were in your shoes, I would audit all of my spending. You mentioned that you should probably spend less.
32:32Robert Croak:So maybe there's some sort of auditing process you can do there to say, whoa, guys, honey, I know we're married here and we make all this money, but we've only got$250 ,000 invested making$300 ,000 a year in our mid 40s. We've only got call it 20 more years of good compounding ahead of us. If we want to retire with several million dollars, we need to take our investing seriously. And we make a ton of money, We're now making$15 ,000,$18 ,000,$20 ,000 a month combined. We're investing$3 ,000 of that. How can we increase that to$5 ,000 or$6 ,000 or$7 ,000? How do we get that up to mid-single-digit thousands of dollars here?
33:14Robert Croak:And I agree. I do think, assuming you're maxing out these accounts and you have autonomy over the 401k and all these other different plans and you're able to invest your money into the right investments, also opening up that bridge account on public.com, that normal taxable brokerage account, and just dumping$1 ,000,$2 ,000 a month into it, putting it all into VOO or 50-50 between VOO and QQQ and forgetting about it for 20 years, that's a really smart play as well.
33:41Austin Hankwitz:I think you covered it perfectly. I'm just going to click back on two things. Do you have autonomy and do you know what you're invested in in the 401k? Because without autonomy and maybe you don't have, there's no match, you say, I would really focus in on that. But I would also really download our honest budget and create a budget, a real budget, sit down, get it handled. because if you don't know exactly where you're at every month and you have all these bills willy-nilly, you need to fix that first and foremost and do everything else Austin said because, Austin, you nailed it.
34:14Robert Croak:Now, before we jump to our next question, got to give a shout out to Public.com and their Generated Assets tool. As you guys know, we have been playing around with this tool for so long now. I think it came out back in October of 2025 and there have been so many incredible strategies built on it so far. We actually published, I think, 13 of our favorite Generated Assets strategies inside of the Rich Habits Network. What's cool about them is they allow you to backtest the strategy against the historical performance of the S &P 500. So all you have to do is open up your generated assets tool inside of your public account, type in, I want to invest in, insert something here, right?
34:49Robert Croak:For me personally, what I'm like really trying to figure out is how do I profit from the rise of Red HatruTide? Because I think it's going to be a really blockbuster peptide after it's available to everybody, which is why I've been buying shares of Eli Lilly recently because they're in like a final stage of making sure that they can start selling it to the public in early 2027. So like, how do I profit from peptides? Peptides actually right now are higher, you know, on the search ranking than pickleball, according to Google Trends search data. So peptides, maybe there you can use generated assets to figure out how to profit from peptides or whatever else is out there that's interesting to you right now.
35:24Robert Croak:Quick little call out there as to how you can use generated assets to see an idea, come up with it, and then say, how do I profit from that? How do I invest in that theme, that strategy, that thing that's happening around me that I genuinely don't know how to begin researching? That's what Generated Assets does very well. So go to public.com slash rich habits, open up a brokerage account on public, transfer your portfolio, get a 1 % bonus when you transfer it, and start using Generated Assets.
35:51Austin Hankwitz:We love public.com. We've worked with them for years. We use all of the cool tools, and you should as well.
35:57Robert Croak:So our next question comes from Josh W. you. My name is Josh and I live in Washington State. My wife and I are both teachers. We're 40 years old. We bring in about$230 ,000 combined. We have$30 ,000 in cash,$45 ,000 in investment accounts, and a combined net worth of about$1.1 million, including our properties. We own a rental property that we absolutely love. It's a two-bed, one-bath with Lakeview potential at a 3 % interest We owe$150 ,000 on it and can sell it for$700 ,000. Our current renter is great, and we net$300 a month after the mortgage. We took out a$70 ,000 HELOC at a 7 % interest rate to cover necessary home improvements on our primary home, and we have a$15 ,000 car loan.
36:43Robert Croak:We're investing$500 a month each into our 403Bs and$500 a month into each of our Roth IRAs. We're considering selling the rental, paying off the HELOC and the car loan, and investing the rest. The one concern, though, is the potential capital gains tax. The biggest pull towards selling is peace of mind as teachers. We travel a lot during summers and breaks, and we want the financial freedom to keep doing that. So here's our question. Do we sell and invest the equity or hold on to it and hope for that long-term capital appreciation? Robert, let's talk through this one. Where's your head at?
37:18Austin Hankwitz:I think we just need to run the numbers and understand because, again, sometimes these are right on the fence. Do I sell, get all that money invested? I'm free. The money's making 8%, 9%, 10%, 11 % a year. Or do I keep it, ride the wave of real estate ownership and some of the benefits there? And this one is really difficult because if you took away the HELOC, I would say keep it. But because they have the HELOC over here at 7 % on the primary home, the car loan doesn't bug me as much. It's a really slippery slope because they have such low cash flow on this rental. But if it's in an area like we discussed early in the episode with high capital appreciation, that changes things as well.
37:58Austin Hankwitz:So this is a tricky one for me. I love owning real estate, but sometimes the money is better off just being in the S &P 500. So I think we need to break it down tactically to see which way to go on this one.
38:11Robert Croak:Yeah, I agree. So let's talk through this one, right? So$300 a month in cash flow is peanuts. Because what happens when you need a new roof or something goes wrong, like the dishwasher, if you've been listening for years now, you know, I've had to replace two dishwashers in my house since I bought it four years ago, five years ago. So big dishwasher guy over here. But anyway, like you got stuff like that that goes wrong. And that's 700, 800,$900. That's three months of cash flow just for that one event, right? So like, in my opinion, you're not really cash flowing anything, all$300 is probably sitting in a savings account right now, just waiting for the next thing to unfortunately happen in this rental property.
38:47Robert Croak:So what we're really looking at here is the$550 ,000 of equity, because the$300 a month is negligible. Even if you did keep all$300 a month just for the fun of it here, that's$3 ,600 a year against the$550 ,000 of equity is less than 1 % cash on cash return. It's literally 0.6%. That's a very terrible yield on your$550 ,000 just from that cash on cash perspective, right? So assuming really it's a 0 % cash on cash return because all of this cash flow is going to saving for the next repair, we're talking about the capital appreciation. I don't know where specifically in Washington state you're hanging out at.
39:23Robert Croak:But if I were you, I would consider selling it. The reason why is because paying off the HELOC and the car loan, investing the rest, one concerns the potential biggest pull towards selling it is the peace of mind as teachers. I do not care if you are having to pay a little bit of capital gains taxes or whatever's going on here for you a little bit could be six figures. But if you're optimizing for peace of mind, like you specifically called out here, then optimize for peace of mind, right? You are rich enough to optimize for peace of mind. You have a$1.1 million net worth. You guys make a quarter million dollars a year at 40 years old as teachers, which is incredible.
40:05Robert Croak:So maybe there's a world where you sell this property, you have the$550 ,000 of equity, pay some commissions, now let's call it$520 ,000,$530 ,000. And please work with a tax accountant on this one because it could save you tens of thousands of dollars if you do it right. So the way that the long-term capital gains taxes work when it comes to selling something like this is as a household, how much money did we make in a specific calendar year? So that includes your W-2 income here, the 230. So if you make the 550 ,000 round number plus the 230, that's$780 ,000 of household income. And that pushes you up above that 15 % bracket threshold into the 20%, which doesn't mean all of it is going to be taxed at 20%, but that call it$200 ,000 will be taxed at that 5 % higher sort of threshold there.
40:59Robert Croak:And so maybe there's a world where you'll like can, I don't know if it means taking a sabbatical for a year. I don't know. I don't know. But work with someone that's going to help you figure out exactly what that number is, which I guess we could do for you. But anyway, way, like you guys should be thoughtful about that. Because I mean, yeah, it's$11 ,000. So maybe there's a world where you can optimize for that 11 ,000 of the six figures ish of taxes that you're gonna have to pay on this. But at the end of the day, the only thing I could possibly think of that's going to help you save on taxes is maybe have some bad investments in your brokerage accounts.
41:31Robert Croak:Maybe you've got some specific capital losses that you've been rolling forward or something else. But it's it's a tough one, you are gonna have to just pay the taxes on this bite the bullet. But the good news is, to your point, you're optimizing for peace of mind, you're now going to have 400 ,000$450 ,000 sitting in a brokerage account that maybe you've got parked in NEO's funds paying you$5 ,000 a month, or maybe it's going to go fund your next trip. And it goes up by you know, 10 % a year, it's$40 ,000. That's a really cool trip you're going to take next summer. Like I don't know. But y 'all make a ton of money.
42:06Robert Croak:You guys are going to be fine regardless of the decision here that you make. But if I were in your shoes, I'd seriously consider selling it, optimizing for the peace of mind, paying the tax man, and just getting it over with and then saying, okay, cool. We've got all this money still. We're making a ton of money. We're going to be multi, multi-millionaires in the next 25 years when we retire. Everything's going to be just fine. This was just a blip on the radar.
42:27Austin Hankwitz:Yeah. I love that breakdown. And the way to look at it too is with this$400 ,000, let's say it does double every seven years and they're so young. They've got$800 ,000 at 47 years old. At 53 years old, that$800 ,000 turns into 1.6 and so on and so on. You're not going to get that out of the rental property, eking out a little bit of capital appreciation and$300 a month. When you get a lump sum that big and just get it into the markets, making that 8%, 9%, 10 % and have it double every seven years, you guys are going to have so much money and you could even retire early. So I love the breakdown, Austin, and I would probably sell it, get rid of the debt and get that peace of mind you guys are talking about.
43:09Robert Croak:Yeah. I mean, it's, it's just, it's so hard to, to get rid of a 3 % interest rate, but there's also 450 ,000 ish dollars a year of after-tax money waiting on you. And yes, get rid of the HELOC, pay off the car loan. Like if you're going to do this and like optimize for peace of mind, go all in, get rid of all this debt because that's what you're optimizing for, which is fine. And then begin living your life. Get it invested. Like Robert said, let it double every seven years. Maybe it's in, again, NEO's funds and it's paying you a monthly distribution. Like whatever you're trying to optimize for, you can probably figure it out pretty well here.
43:42Robert Croak:Now, our last question comes from Ari on Instagram. Ari says, my wife and I are 31 years old. We're government employees living in New York City. We net$10 ,000 per month. We max out our Roth IRAs, contribute to a pension, and 5 % to a 403B. We have$200 ,000 across retirement accounts,$50 ,000 in taxable investments, and$80 ,000 in cash. We're debt-free. Rent is$3 ,600 a month. My question is, what do we do next? Do we buy a house? Do we max out the 403B? Any insight would be great. So Ari, what we like to encourage people to do is follow the match beats Roth beats taxable kind of strategy there.
44:21Robert Croak:So up to the match with your retirement account at your employer. So you're doing that here at that 5 % with the 403b, then max out the Roth IRA, and then back to the 403b or the 401k, whatever employer sponsored retirement account is, if you have autonomy, and max that out. So if you are able to choose VOO, or, you know, a mutual fund that tracks VOO, you know, you've got some autonomy there where it's not just sitting in a weird target date fund that's underperforming or they got you parked in small caps or the description is just aggressive or some crap like that, you actually can invest in some really good investments here.
44:57Robert Croak:Yeah, go max out that 403B. You're 31 years old. You've got 200 ,000 in your retirement accounts. Go turn it to a million, right? How do we go get, I don't know, 400 ,000, 600 ,000 more dollars in our retirement accounts before we're 40? So now we max it out. We're doing great over there. And now maybe it's half a million dollars. We're 38 years old. We can get aggressive now in that taxable account, do that for another five or six years. And now we're in our mid 40s with all of our retirement pretty much figured out for us because it just doubles every seven years. And now we've got so much in the taxable bridge account that we could retire early, right?
45:31Robert Croak:Like that's sort of the strategy we'd like to encourage people to do. Match beats Roth beats taxable. And I think right now, it wouldn't be a wise decision to only focus on the taxable. I'd love to see your retirement accounts at 31 have more than just 200 ,000. Maybe if it's half a million, you can start to take your foot off the gas on some of that stuff. But getting your money in those tax-advantaged retirement accounts at a young age is a really great idea, but not at the expense of maxing out the Roth IRA. So keep doing that like you mentioned you are. But that's my take. Robert, what's your take on real estate in New York?
46:05Robert Croak:Do they go out and think about buying a house? How are you thinking about this?
46:09Austin Hankwitz:Yeah, I mean, great, great breakdown on your side. For me, this is tricky. I see New York City, high cost of living, working for the government. There's a lot of things that scare me there. So I want to see them own assets because if they own assets while they're doing all this cool stuff, doing all the things you mentioned, I think it's going to give them a lot more peace of mind. So would I go buy a house in New York? Probably not. Would I buy a duplex in a cool up and coming neighborhood in New York and one of the boroughs? Probably because they're already paying$3 ,600 a month in rent. And imagine if their side of this appreciating duplex in a cool neighborhood could be$3 ,000 a month and someone else is paying$3 ,000 a month.
46:54Austin Hankwitz:So they're building that equity we talk about, but they're also owning assets. Because right now, there's a world, their jobs get replaced in the government by AI. So all of a sudden, their income goes away. Their rent goes up from$3 ,600 to$4 ,100 a month next year. And all these things happen, then they're living out of all this incredible savings and retirement that they've built. So I would start getting into protective mode. So instead of buying a primary home, I'd look for a duplex or a triplex and start investing and diversifying into assets that are going to protect them in case they have to weather a storm.
47:30Austin Hankwitz:That would be my only add-on to what you broke down.
47:33Robert Croak:I like that. And they've got that$80 ,000 of cash, which I'm assuming is more than their emergency fund. I mean, you spend probably, I don't know,$8 ,000 a month. That's 10 months of spending, right? So it's a very much funded emergency fund at the very least, but also a start to a down payment as well. So I agree, maybe doing some of that. Good news is you guys have literally hundreds of thousands of dollars invested, saved. You're doing a really good job. So if you did want to begin to think about real estate, like what Robert said, I agree. I think that's a really cool strategy. Do a little duplex action house hack, do that 5 % down loan.
48:06Robert Croak:Was it Fannie Mae, is that what it's called, Robert?
48:07Austin Hankwitz:Yeah, the Fannie Mae 5 % down mortgage is a fantastic program for anyone getting started. You can buy up to$1.3 million, up to four doors, and it's only 5 % down. I think it is one of the best house hacking tools anyone can use.
48:23Robert Croak:Everybody, thanks so much for tuning in to this week's episode of the Rich Habits Podcast. Be sure to subscribe to the Rich Habits newsletter. Just Google Rich Habits newsletter. Also, be sure to check out wallstreetfavorites.com or just Google Wall Street favorites to know what Wall Street thinks about the stocks in your own portfolio. Join us inside the Rich Habits Network for a seven-day free trial. Lots of fun stuff happening over there. And of course, if you learn something from this episode or you know somebody who can benefit from learning the answers that we just shared to some of these questions, consider sharing the show with a friend.
48:55Robert Croak:We've got now a quarter million of you that are subscribed on Spotify and we're so grateful. We've got tens of thousands that come back every single week. It's just, it's so cool. And you guys are a marketing strategy. So please, if you learn something here, if you enjoy the show, leave us a five-star review and consider sharing it with a friend.
49:13Austin Hankwitz:We love all of you guys that stop by every single week. And we just appreciate you engaging with us, asking us all these awesome questions and sharing the show with a friend. So we'll see you tomorrow.
49:47We'll see you next time.
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