Big Companies Start Hiring Again, Anthropic's Open-Weight Position, Zuck Backs AI for All | Diet TBPN

28 Jul 2026 · 35 min · 20 chapters

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In short

The episode covers shifting AI-and-work narratives and major AI policy/business news. Topic 1: Wall Street Journal reports large companies (CSX, Alphabet, ServiceNow, Snap-on, Booz Allen Hamilton) are resuming hiring after ~a year of cautious hiring and AI-linked layoffs; claims include productivity gains and “AI backfilling” some roles, but AI isn’t a drop-in coworker. Guests/hosts: Bryce Roberts and Matthew Prince (Cloudflare) argue opposite sides about hiring new grads; Sarah Franklin (CEO, Lattice) says entry-level replacement assumptions were wrong and Lattice sees renewed junior hiring; M. Keith Waddell (CEO, Robert Half) says AI’s employment impact is more benign. Topic 2: Anthropic CEO Dario Amodei responds to an open-weight ban letter: no total ban, calls for chip sanctions on China, cracking down on industrial distillation, and mandatory safety testing for sufficiently capable models.

Notable examples

Black Sheep’s 25-truck “shame on you Google” campaign after a reported organic search glitch; Amazon compute deal with Recursive Superintelligence ($410M); NVIDIA $50B Texas data center lease; Zuckerberg’s “AI for everyone” op-ed.

Written by AI. May contain mistakes. Listen to the episode to check what was said.

Chapters

Tap a time to open that second in VO

AI and Job Market Trends

0:22 to 1:15

Discussion on how large companies are starting to hire again amidst AI advancements.

“The Wall Street Journal is reporting that large companies are beginning to hire again.”

Analyzing the Hiring Shift

1:15 to 1:59

Hosts analyze the narrative shift in companies regarding AI's role in employment.

“Jevin's paradox, when a technology makes something more efficient, demand often rises enough.”

The Reality of AI in the Workforce

1:59 to 2:55

Examination of the balance between AI efficiency and the need for human workers.

“Obviously, no one wants to say that, but I think one of my favorite posts was the, and obviously these circumstances are never great, but the new CEO of Xbox came out and just was like very honest about the situation.”

AI's Limited Role in Replacement

2:55 to 4:04

Discussion on misconceptions about AI replacing entry-level positions.

“Companies like CSX, Alphabet, ServiceNow, Snap-on, and consulting giant Booz Allen Hamilton have all recently signaled plans to expand hiring, particularly in areas where employees can use AI to become more productive.”

The Future of Hiring

4:04 to 4:50

Exploration of the evolving expectations towards hiring in the age of AI.

“She said, adding that Lattice is seeing renewed hiring among many of its customers, including for junior roles.”

The Debate on AI Backfilling Roles

4:50 to 7:12

Debate about using AI for backfilling roles versus traditional hiring.

“At least in our organization, which is unique and very niche, and there's not that many organizations that are running a niche technology daily show.”

A Look at New Grad Hiring

7:12 to 7:48

Discussion on the hiring strategies for recent graduates in tech industries.

“And sometimes you actually don't have time to invest into various hiring processes.”

The Changing Landscape of Internships

7:48 to 8:00

Commentary on the impact of AI on internship hiring practices.

Black Sheep's Guerrilla Marketing Campaign

8:00 to 11:43

Analysis of Black Sheep's campaign against Google and its implications.

“I like that they actually printed these.”

Speculations on SSI's Future

11:43 to 14:00

Discussion on potential developments from SSI and their impact on AI.

“If I were Google, I would say you can have your$80 ,000 back, but you can never advertise on Google again because I just don't know how.”
Show all 20 chapters

Interviewing Truck Drivers

14:00 to 15:00

Discussion about interviewing truck drivers in Manhattan.

“Well, we want to interview the truck drivers.”

Speculations on SSI's Release

15:00 to 17:00

Discussion on potential releases by SSI and their implications in AI.

“It's just like your entire life is vagary.”

Recursive Superintelligence's Compute Deal

17:00 to 19:20

Exploration of Recursive Superintelligence's $410 million deal with Amazon.

“So fingers crossed, but it seems like we could get some circularity.”

NVIDIA's Massive Data Center Lease

19:35 to 22:30

Details about NVIDIA's $50 billion lease for a new data center in Texas.

“And they both have very physical elements in the world in the sense that they're sort of unsloppable.”

Anthropic's Stance on Open Weight Models

22:30 to 25:10

Dario Amadei's response to the open weight models debate and his proposals.

“So I think but but you're the counterpoint to that is you were going to lose it anyways.”

Proposals for AI Regulation

25:10 to 28:00

Discussion on proposed actions and regulations regarding AI and chip sales to China.

“And that's where the actual negotiation is going to happen.”

Government Regulation of AI Models

28:00 to 30:54

Explore how government regulation may impact AI model hosting and usage.

“Like, what does the government actually do?”

Zuckerberg's Vision for AI

30:54 to 31:25

Discuss Mark Zuckerberg's op-ed on democratizing AI and promoting human potential.

“Anyway, all in all, the letter clarifies a lot about the anthropic position, so I think it's good that it came out.”

Critique of Zuckerberg's Position

31:25 to 33:15

Analyze the implications of Zuckerberg's arguments in his Wall Street Journal piece.

“He says the history of democracy and economics has proved that centralized power stifles human potential.”

Rising Costs and Subscription Models

33:39 to 35:13

Discuss the shift in consumer electronics towards leasing due to rising prices.

“It's now official leasing prices start as low as$20 or$17.99 per month for iPhone,$11.99 for Apple Watch,$24.99 for Mac, and$11.99 for iPad.”
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Transcript

Automatic transcript. May contain errors.

0:02John Coogan:Well, Anthropics responded. We're going to go through that proposal, the facts and the proposal for what happens next in the open model debate over whether or not they should be banned, restricted, tested, limited in some ways, sued. There's a whole bunch of different possible outcomes, but we'll take you all through it. The Wall Street Journal is reporting that large companies are beginning to hire again. They have a large white pill. Yes, it is a large white pill. Has hit the front page of the journal. Yes, and I think people have been going back and forth on this. This is a story that's just getting digested by the tech folks, like the actual AI lab leaders who had predicted crazy job losses and are now not really seeing that.

0:45John Coogan:They're seeing productivity boosts and different diffusion, taking time in certain places, and there's new capabilities. But it's not exactly a drop-in replacement for a coworker, at least in most scenarios. And that's what the Wall Street Journal is reporting. So let me set the table and then we can debate it a little bit. After roughly a year of cautious hiring, companies across technology, transportation, defense, and other industries now say they need more employees to work alongside AI systems. Total victory for both humans and AI. We're working together. Peace is possible. It's an example of Jevons' paradox.

1:24John Coogan:Jevin's paradox, when a technology makes something more efficient, demand often rises enough. The total use and the need for people actually increases. For roughly the past year, many companies pointed to AI while announcing layoffs. This was a huge thorn in your side. I think you hated this more than anyone else. And you were right to because it did seem like it was just PR, spin, et cetera. Yeah, it was a way for CEOs and management teams to save their own ass instead of saying, you know, hey, we overhired or the business isn't doing as well as we would like. And we need to sort of basically settle down for a second and get our mojo back.

2:05John Coogan:Yeah. Obviously, no one wants to say that, but I think one of my favorite posts was the, and obviously these circumstances are never great, but the new CEO of Xbox came out and just was like very honest about the situation. Yep. And I think that more of that is necessary. Yeah. Also, there's a lot of firms where once they get to 10 ,000, 20 ,000 employees, they might say, look, 20 ,000 might be the right number, but the bottom thousand people are not performing. We would like to lay them off and then bring in a new thousand people that are better fit for the company and the current trajectory that we're on, the current skills that we need.

2:45John Coogan:Maybe we need more salespeople, more developers. And those bottom thousand people might be top 10 % at another company. Exactly. Yeah. So the narrative appears to be shifting. Companies like CSX, Alphabet, ServiceNow, Snap-on, and consulting giant Booz Allen Hamilton have all recently signaled plans to expand hiring, particularly in areas where employees can use AI to become more productive. Yeah, it used to be somewhat of a flex if a company was like, yeah, we put up a role and we got 2 ,000 applicants. Yeah. It's like, well. That's true. And then also it's a little bit of a sign of like, oh, wow, they have 100 openings.

3:21John Coogan:like they must be like growing so fast, you know? So, but if it's just a prompt to say, oh yeah, put up, like look at my organizational design and add five roles for everyone because why not? Why not see who comes by? You know, we're not, we don't necessarily have to interview these people. So weird, weird dynamics, but we'll dig into it. So meanwhile, the latest weekly US jobless claims fell to one of the lowest levels in decades underscoring the resilience of the labor market. The shift also reflects a more realistic understanding of AI's capabilities. Sarah Franklin, CEO of HR platform Lattice, says many companies initially assumed AI agents could replace entry-level workers, but are now recognizing that human employees remain essential.

4:03John Coogan:Just because you have coding agents doesn't mean you're not hiring engineers. She said, adding that Lattice is seeing renewed hiring among many of its customers, including for junior roles. Robert Half, CEO M. Keith Waddell said, AI's effect on employment has been more benign than some has feared, adding that hiring demand continues to improve and market conditions are increasingly more supportive of business. And so I do think there was a little bit of like a successful psyop with the AI is going to be able to do everything, where I do think there are some firms that were like, yeah, maybe we shouldn't hire.

4:36John Coogan:Or because like, what if we get it wrong and we hire a bunch of people and then AI really does catch up and we don't need those people. That's silly. We shouldn't go through that like whipsaw effect. And so people are going back and forth on that. Bryce Roberts. Yeah, it's interesting. At least in our organization, which is unique and very niche, and there's not that many organizations that are running a niche technology daily show. Yeah. I feel like a lot of what the value that we get out of AI would have historically been done by not super expert level freelancers, right? These sort of like Upwork style tasks that you would do historically, like an idea for a funny song, right?

5:20I've paid to get a funny song made probably a decade ago online, right? As just like a joke. And now you can just go to Suno and make something like that. And then there's other things like make a funny website, right? I historically would maybe work with freelancers.

5:36John Coogan:So you're saying that I should take down the five open roles I have for Celtic punk session musicians? Not yet. Because I was going to hire five Celtic punk session musicians to constantly record Dropkick Murphy's covers for us every day. Well, I'm not ready to say that you shouldn't do that. I'm actually closer than ever to hiring a full-time Celtic punk band to play music, to recreate songs. Codex and Guinness. Yes. I'm closer than ever to doing that, where that was not even on the roadmap a few years ago. Yeah, I don't know. It's a good point. Yeah, there's a lot of things that you are doing that you would never do with a full-time employee.

6:19John Coogan:Yeah. It just sort of like fills the cracks and allows you to do more different things in your organization. But the core stuff is still like you want a person that's responsible and then you want them using AI. I don't know. Yeah. The Wall Street Journal breaks it all down, but we went through most of that. So Bryce Roberts, he's taking the other side of this. He says, he shares a screenshot of a text message that says, we honestly aren't hiring a ton right now, AI backfilling most roles. Backfilling, is that specifically, does that specifically refer to when someone leaves the company, you backfill them with AI?

6:50John Coogan:So you say, oh, someone quit. Like if there's Steve and Jim on two different, on one team, and Steve quits, you say, hey, Jim, can you just, instead of hiring another person, just do twice as much work with AI? Is that what this person's articulating? I mean, obviously there's some companies that are like, yeah, we're not hiring anyone. We're going for the one person,$1 billion company. Like, I'm not going to hire anyone. I'm just going to use it. Yeah, but that's rare. Usually when your business is ripping, you're like, I can't hire great people fast enough. Yeah. And sometimes you actually don't have time to invest into various hiring processes.

7:23But yeah, I would read into this text, the company's just probably not like ripping. That's my takeaway.

7:31John Coogan:Well, Bryce Roberts says RIP new grads. Matthew Prince over Cloudflare takes the other side. He says, wrong strategy to stop hiring new grads. The right strategy, hire them and insert them into legacy teams to help them better adopt AI. And Cloudflare, of course, hired 1 ,000 interns. It was a crazy number, wasn't it? Yeah. Up there in like almost 1 ,000? Four digits. That's crazy. Let's play the latest good work reel. I'm watching reels now. This is what we got is a Bernie Madoff. Pretty good. That's from the 80s too. That's good. Yeah, yeah. I've seen a few of these around before. Up next. Solid Sam Bankman Freed here.

8:13That's nice. That's really nice.

8:15John Coogan:I like that they actually printed these. I think he made it from balsa wood. Is this balsa wood? Yeah. The acting is so good. Oh. Wow. Wait, John. This is a vintage Zuckerberg. Yeah, 05? This is a vintage 05 Zuckerberg. Let's just check the back really quick. Yeah. There it is. That is a patch from his Fruit of the Loom boxer briefs. You can tell by the smell. Is that real? What is that referring to? This is on athlete trekking cards. I'll put a piece of the jersey. Piece of the jersey. Sleeve this one. Yeah, yeah. All right, up next. Sleeve it. Ooh, okay. Nice. Elizabeth Holmes. We do have two, I believe.

8:58We have two, but a triple Holmes is what every good collector has in their arsenal. All right. Last card? One card left. Three, two, one. Oh, my God. Oh, my God.

9:11John Coogan:Oh, my God. All right. Turn it off. Very funny. Very funny. It is funny how the business comedy canon has really solidified around Elizabeth Holmes, Sam Bankenfreed Mark Zuckerberg there's like a few names I'm surprised they didn't have an Adam Neumann rookie card in there I don't know if Adam Neumann is like a big enough name relative to Sam Bankenfreed and Elizabeth Holmes it's just interesting like the different the different names that have broken out that you can do a comedy sketch that's like you know it goes as big as as good work does because they get you know I think millions and millions of views alright pull up this image from Manhattan this morning we got sent this We've been doing on-the-ground reporting.

9:53From one of our on-the-ground reporters in Manhattan. There's a company called Black Sheep that got 20 trucks, and they're just driving them around Google's Manhattan office saying, shame on you, Google. Return our$80 ,000. We had to dig in. We got very curious.

10:12John Coogan:I had no idea. They make sunglasses? They make$8 sunglasses that beat$350 sunglasses in an NBC lab test. Okay. Are you wearing black sheep today? I wish. I wish. So black sheep makes direct to factory. Okay. Factory direct prescription eyewear. Stop paying$500 for$5. This is from their own website. They're saying direct to factory optical disruptor. What do you mean direct to factory? This is from their website. Where are you getting this? on black sheep. I'm on black sheep.io as well. It says factory direct, direct to factory. Look, I want to send some eyewear to a factory. Direct to factory.

10:55John Coogan:I'll be sending it to them. Direct to factory. Yeah. So this company, they say direct to factory optical disruptor, black sheep launches 25 truck gorilla campaign against Google in Manhattan. Okay. And then they're, they're sort of like narrating their own gorilla campaign, A fleet of 25 minimalist LED billboard trucks surrounds Google's Chelsea headquarters after the tech giant weaponized an organic search glitch to pocket nearly$80 ,000 in ad spend following Black Sheep's viral NBC Today show debut. 25 LED trucks deployed,$77 ,000 drained in 30 hours. And then they're just continuing to market their own products.

11:40Very interesting strategy here. I think every marketer has had the experience of having a campaign go haywire. Very fascinating to take this route. Let's see how it works for them. If I were Google, I would say you can have your$80 ,000 back, but you can never advertise on Google again because I just don't know how.

12:04John Coogan:I don't think Google would ban them permanently for this. This is ridiculous, but it's going to be like any other, like it's a self-serve platform. But is it a good campaign? But what actually happened? So they say, how it unfolded. NBC Today show segment airs. They test the retail subscription against Black Sheep's factory direct pair. National search traffic spikes. Hundreds of Americans search Black Sheep because they're seeing it on TV. The organic listing breaks. Google search engine redirected organic brand traffic to a dead-end third-party 404 error page. And so with the organic route broken, users were funneled into Google's paid listings.

12:45John Coogan:So what is their claim? How is Google responsible for this exactly? Sounds like user error. Because, I mean, you do have some control over your Google search results based on the webmaster tools. You can index certain things. And then also, if you're noticing a 404 page, you could like redirect it quickly. But again, if this is happening all very fast. They can use your error. But I mean, it is interesting because they're probably going to get more than$77 ,000 worth of organic just from this. I mean, I didn't see the original campaign and I'm seeing this because this is hilarious. But this is like, is this, they shared an AI image with tons of these like shame on you trucks.

13:24John Coogan:But those are real. These are real. And are those minimalist or maximalist? Those seem maximalist to me. But maybe they're minimal. Minimalist, I guess, in the display of the way they actually are leveraging the space on the truck, black and white. Truly underrated surface area for stunts and advertising. This message is sort of like squabbling with Google over this sort of odd scenario. But you can imagine someone using this for something much cooler and much more positive and not like this, you know, sort of unfortunate situation for them where they're dealing with the fallout of a Google error.

14:01Well, we want to interview the truck drivers. So if you're driving a black sheep truck around Manhattan today, reach out. For sure. Nick, make it happen.

14:11John Coogan:Ilya said straight shot to SSI. So they better not be gearing up to release a work agent called Francois. Francois would be a very good name for an AI agent. I like that. I do wonder what they're going to be releasing. As the SSI is going to release, is that complete rumor? Because all Ilya said is that they would scale their research. So that just means they've done a bunch of research. They have some sort of architecture that they like, some sort of flywheel, and they're going to use more compute. And so that's why they're raising money. I don't think they said, and we're going to release it publicly.

14:46John Coogan:But everyone's thinking like probably still LLM or something different. No one really knows. Yeah, I mean, I think still broadly like generally LLM-based. Post God. Next level. There are levels to vague posting when you live a vague life. It's just like your entire life is vagary. Anyway, in other news, Recursive Superintelligence signs a$410 compute deal with Amazon. So funny. And it's in the NetCrunch. It's in the header too. Of course, that is a typo. It says recursive super intelligence signs 410 million dollar compute deal with Amazon. Congratulations to recursive super intelligence. Throwing safety out the window.

15:32John Coogan:That should be the tagline because there's already safe super intelligence. But we're just doing recursive super intelligence over here. But of course, the company is doing very well. They emerged from stealth in May with$650 million in funding, focused on building open-ended, self-improving systems and potentially compute-intensive approach to AI research. This multi-year deal is meant to provide flexibility as the company looks to scale up those systems. Recursive's$410 million outlay represents the bulk of the company's fundraising to date, but on a call with TechCrunch. Hey, hey, hey, they still have a couple hundred million left over.

16:09John Coogan:Founder and CEO Richard Socher emphasized that he expected it to be the first of many such deals. So is this – I feel like normally when you see like a compute deal signed, it's always like more complicated than just like we're buying this expensive thing. It's usually like we're paying – I'm like – we used to be so like anti-circular deal that now I just have come to – I've been so normalized by them that I expect them every time. And I'm like, wait, wait, this is – there's no circularity here? I would have expected like Amazon's investing in you and you're buying Tranium and racking it. And AWS is doing a new campus and they're investing in this and that.

16:47John Coogan:And you're investing in them. Instead, it just seems like it's a pretty vanilla deal. It's like they're just buying a lot of compute from Amazon. Great. Seems like it. Well, good luck to them. Very excited for what they're launching. Yeah. Jason, VP of Startups and VC at AWS says part of the agreement is that we're going to co-develop him for a purpose built for these types of companies. So fingers crossed, but it seems like we could get some circularity.

17:15John Coogan:Yeah, let's hope so. Let me tell you about Railway. Railway is the all-in-one intelligent cloud provider. Use your favorite agent to deploy web app services and more, while Railway automatically takes care of scaling, monitoring, and security. Fingers crossed.

17:35John Coogan:Well, here's a deal that's somewhat circular. We got NVIDIA revealed as a tenant for a$50 billion data center that will use its chips. So they're the tenant of the data center that uses its chips. We'll talk to Tate Kim about this. CEO Jensen Wong deploys balance sheet to backstop growth of AI computing market. NVIDIA has signed leases worth up to$50 billion for a massive Texas data center. That's very, very big. That's very, very big for a single site. A previously undisclosed commitment that shines a new spotlight on the chip group's growing role in financing AI. The nearly$5 trillion company is leasing the entire one gigawatt facility that developer HUT8 is building, which will house hundreds of thousands of NVIDIA graphics processing units.

18:22John Coogan:So you have to imagine that once they have these, they serve something or wind up selling them. These things change hands so many times. There's a lot of different ways that this could play out ultimately. But in the – can we pull up the NVIDIA chart? Yeah, there we go. NVIDIA, big candle today, up 3%, 5.17 trillion. Let's take a look at Apple, 4.99. They crossed five today. They're down a little bit since they breached that. But they're neck and neck. Google is sitting at 4. Apple running the do-nothing win strategy. Yeah. Jensen doing thousands of deals. They didn't even sign the open letter.

19:04John Coogan:There are three companies that still, I believe, still haven't signed the open letter. Only three companies on the entire surface of the earth. There are three major companies that haven't signed that NVIDIA open letter about banning open source and or not banning open source. Amazon, Apple, and Anthropic. Anthropic put out a post yesterday, very, very clear response, sort of outlining their view on open source, their stance. Apple and Amazon haven't signed. And they both have very physical elements in the world in the sense that they're sort of unsloppable. You can't vibe code in Amazon warehouse.

19:46John Coogan:You can't vibe code in iPhone. There are threats to those businesses, of course. And, of course, Apple should benefit from open source, and so should Amazon, because they'll be able to serve open models across AWS. But it's just potentially interesting. I think the Apple standing back is more just like, look, we're not jumping on with this crazy open letter that everyone is signing. Like, we just have our own brand. We're thinking different. We're doing our own thing. Well, and based on other Apple AI timelines, I would expect them to sign it in maybe a year or two.

20:16John Coogan:Potentially. These glasses have changed you. They turned you a new beast. Let me run through the three Anthropic proposals because it's an important response. So Dario Amadei, Anthropic CEO, responded directly to that letter supporting open weight models that circulated over the weekend. So he makes three claims just to sort of clarify things that I think are important. One, he says Anthropic has never advocated for a ban on open weight models. Now, that's a blanket ban. There's obviously like defining what a ban is and what an open weight model, what a distilled model, what a foreign model is.

20:50John Coogan:These things all matter. But he has come out and said, look, we never advocated for a total ban on open weight models. Two, he says, undergirding all of this is the U.S. must beat authoritarian governments in the AI race. He points to China, but he identifies any authoritarian government. If they get really powerful AI, they'll come over here and steamroll us, and you won't be free to do whatever you want to do in America. Three, powerful AI models may be misused to carry out cyber attacks or biological attacks. There are risks to having really, really powerful AI open source systems just running around.

21:25John Coogan:So he's worried about those three things, clarifying those three points. But he makes three recommended actions. He makes three proposals. First, he says, let's continue to sanction chips. Let's not sell chips to China. He says, we should not sell powerful chips or chip making equipment to China. So this has been debated for years, like going back to the Biden chip controls. Everyone knows every different angle on this, the basics. I mean, there is a pretty good argument for chip controls, even on purely geoeconomic competitive grounds. Like, even if you don't believe in the risk of authoritarian governments having powerful AI, even if you just think it's like, you know, fancy autocomplete, it's like, well, it's the engine of our economy, and if you can slow down a rival economy, that's beneficial to you, right?

22:10John Coogan:And so, and there also seems to be basically unlimited demand for chips in America. So by restricting sales to China, that shouldn't actually hurt American chip companies all that much. But yes. Well, they just like their argument would be we fully lose the Chinese market, which is the second largest computing market in the world. No. Right. So I think but but you're the counterpoint to that is you were going to lose it anyways. Yeah. And a lot of that stems from the fact that China has been building an indigenous chip supply for decades. We've talked about going back to a whole bunch of their state-led, state-funded chip and fab processes.

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22:52John Coogan:They've always been a few years behind. And so maintaining that gap, all else equal, is an advantage for the United States. The second point Dario makes is he says we should crack down on industrial-scale distillation operations. This seems totally reasonable. Companies can set their terms of service, and they have a right to maintain intellectual property with proper legal consequences for violations. Anthropic's been fighting distillation attacks, but according to them, it's not that effective. Dario proposes policy interventions to deter this behavior. And this is where I'm still not clear on where that goes next.

23:29John Coogan:Like, what is the correct policy intervention? Policy intervention is a very, very broad thing. It can mean anything from like a tax, a tariff, a fine, a sternly worded letter, not getting invited to a golf tournament. Like there's so many different things that policy like covers these days, right? Where does this actually go? He says he doesn't want a blanket ban on open weight models, but it does seem like one possible policy intervention would be to sort of like ban, restrict, or pressure open weights models that can be reasonably shown to have been distilled. So if there's someone who's just a perfect distillation, it just doesn't quite feel right.

24:08John Coogan:It's hard to quantify these things. We don't have a binary where you run some sort of algorithm and you say, yes, this was distilled. Because you can distill half on Opus 5 and then throw in a little GPT 5.6 and then mix in some Mistral and just be distilling from all over the place, fine-tune stuff, change the flavor, change the RL environment. There's so many different pieces of it. And Tyler, you were making a point about Tinker or Inkling? Yeah, I mean, so the Inkling model from Thing Machines, like it used some synthetic data that was created with, I think, Kimi K2.5. Yes. So like, does that count as like distillation?

24:45Like probably not when people usually talk about it, but like it definitely benefited from Chinese open source models. Yeah, I wouldn't call that... If you're downstream of...

24:54John Coogan:Yeah, I wouldn't call it industrial scale distillation. It's sort of downstream of industrial scale. Big gray area where, like, how do you actually define these things? Yeah. And so defining that is going to be what, that's going to be the conversation that plays out in DC. Like, behind the scenes, on the basis of this. And that's where the actual negotiation is going to happen. Between, you know, the position of NVIDIA and everyone that signed the letter versus the position of Anthropic and everyone who didn't sign the letter. they're going to sort of decide, okay, well, if you can prove this, this, and this, and you can show us that your API was getting hit by these different things, and you have a really solid report of what happened, and then the model also sort of checks these boxes quantitatively when we do this eval, then maybe we will pressure it, and then what does that actually mean?

25:44John Coogan:you could go after the lab that committed the distillation attack with lawsuits, but that seems really difficult given the international nature of these attacks. So we're sort of back to where we started. Like what, what can the government do that the lab can't like the lab should be looking at every customer and saying, Oh, this seems like someone who's trying to distill. They keep asking for basically what looks like a lot of training data. They're not acting like a normal user, just being like, build me a website. Okay. Third, He says, all sufficiently capable models, open and closed, should go through mandatory safety testing.

26:18John Coogan:So this was recently outlined by Demis Hassabis over at Google DeepMind as well. And it seems like the two companies are in alignment on this in particular. And it's a somewhat reasonable position, although the risk is that small companies who have safe models that aren't distilled could get tied up in a review queue for years before they can release. That would be very, very annoying. If you're recursive superintelligence, for example, and you don't have a Washington, D.C. office, and you're like, hey, we want to release our new model. And they're like, yeah, totally. You've got to go through the review process.

26:53John Coogan:Get in line. And then it's like every trillion-dollar company is there with a ton of lobbyists being like, well, review our model first because we want to get out a week before the small startup. And that's the frustration of biotech, the FDA, anything that goes through approval. We've talked about this with the nuclear stuff. It gets very tricky. And so you want to avoid that. And you don't want to wind up slowing down innovation that's happening on small scales and decreasing competition. Dario does do a good job of acknowledging up front that he says it would protect USAI companies from competition.

27:28John Coogan:But that's never been my goal with anything that he's saying here. And so it's still worth working through what happens in a really adversarial situation. Like what if a foreign lab distills a bunch of frontier models that are the most aggressive, they're just distilling everything, then they jump forward a bunch in capability, they get a bunch of smuggled chips, they take all the restrictions off of cyber, all the restrictions off of bio, and then they just drop the weights on like a torrent. Or they put it up on Hugging Face and Hugging Face is like, this is really crazy, no one likes this, there's a lot of pressure to take it down, I don't know.

27:59John Coogan:But it's out there. Like, what does the government actually do? Like, the government probably pressures or bans, like, hosting the weights, maybe serving the model. Maybe you won't be able to run it in American data centers. You go to the neocloud and say, like, hey, this thing is actually bad. And I think people are divided on this because they see the current model is not as actually dangerous, which is totally reasonable to assess. Yeah, it's not that bad. But, like, if there was a model that was like, yeah, it's actually just, like, the killing machine. I think most people would be like, yes, I'm democratically voting to not serve that because it's just like it's an annoyance at best and actually at it worse.

28:37And the other big question is like how much compute do you actually need for it to be dangerous?

28:41John Coogan:Yeah, totally. Is like having some GPUs in the back shed going to be enough? Yeah. Maybe for a sufficiently advanced model, yes. Yeah. Or do you need access to a ton of racks? Yeah. A ton of power? Totally. And then you do need to work with a neocloud in that case. And as soon as you're a US-based company with a real data center, with a bunch of NVL-72s in there, you probably have registration and all sorts of just like business registrations where the government can reach out to you and say, hey, we're actually really worried about this. Just like there are other things you can't host in a data center.

29:17John Coogan:There's all sorts of stuff that's illegal, even if it's just intellectual property. Yeah, exactly. Yeah, that's – Like you can't – even just because you have a data center doesn't mean that you can like take an open source – You can't as a data center. Oh, yeah, open source Marvel. Like they'll be like, no. Or even a CRM company can't knowingly support like an organized global cartel that is like trafficking narcotics, right? You'd have to imagine like that they have checks and balances. Maybe.

29:54John Coogan:So what's interesting is like, what is the next step of that? So if there is a bad model and everyone agrees like, okay, yeah, we got to not host this, not distribute this. Like, yeah, the weights are out there. People are trying to like sort of run it a little bit. But does it go offshore? Do we wind up in like the crypto scenario where there's like these offshore things and people are using VPNs to get access to it? Like what level of aggression do you see from the U.S. government in that scenario? it probably should be proportionate to the danger imposed by the model. If it's just a model that's annoying or slightly IP infringes, but no one's really being like, I'm canceling my Disney subscription because this new model will generate me Disney IP.

30:36John Coogan:That's probably not like, okay, put up a crazy firewall. But if it is the ultimate hack machine that's stealing everyone's money from the banks, then yeah, you are going to put up the firewall and be much more aggressive. So I think the response will be in reaction to whatever the power of the models are, but it'll be interesting to go back and forth. Anyway, all in all, the letter clarifies a lot about the anthropic position, so I think it's good that it came out. But it's still worth working through the game theory of what happens down the line. Policy interventions is all we got here, and I think it's still too generic at this point.

31:07John Coogan:I want to know what policy looks like. I want to predict that. I want to understand what's actually being proposed, what people like, what people don't like. And so I think we'll learn more about this in the coming days. Mark Zuckerberg is in the Wall Street Journal opinion section with a new piece, The AI Future is for Everyone. He says the history of democracy and economics has proved that centralized power stifles human potential. And it's quite long. I'm going to go let you guys read it, but let's head into the comments section. Let's get a quick reaction. This is the Wall Street Journal. I think it'll be pretty.

31:45No, it looks relatively tame. But yeah, making a clear effort to position to be the overtly – there was a white space for a guy investing hundreds of billions of dollars a year in AI that says, hey, this is going to be really great for everyone. And I'm going to help us get there.

32:04John Coogan:It is interesting. Facebook does have some monopolies. But the competition for attention is constant. And there are always sources outside. They've never had a full monopoly on social media even with TikTok and Snapchat and LinkedIn and Twitch and YouTube and Netflix and the podcast feed and SMS and iMessage. There are so many other platforms for disseminating information. I don't know. It's hard to jump straight to a critique here. But the key quote that Andrew Curran pulled out was that he said, in most cases, like cybersecurity, the history of open source software has shown that giving everyone full access to powerful systems will be the best way to protect safety and security over time.

32:58John Coogan:So he's firmly on the side of democratizing powerful AI. And he is yet another one. I imagine that they signed the letter. I've lost track at this point. But you can imagine that he did. Anyway, thank you so much for tuning in. The other piece of news is that Apple is launching Apple Upgrade next week, an iPhone, iPad, Mac, and Apple Watch leasing slash subscription program. They said you will own nothing and you will be happy. We're launching our new program, you will own nothing and be happy. It's partnering with Klarna to launch in the United States at online and retail stores. It's now official leasing prices start as low as$20 or$17.99 per month for iPhone,$11.99 for Apple Watch,$24.99 for Mac, and$11.99 for iPad.

33:53John Coogan:So interesting. I mean, a lot of people are saying this is a direct reaction to increased prices for memory, increased prices for products. There was a time when an iPhone was a couple hundred dollars and there were incentives to jump on a Verizon plan and you sort of amortize the cost over that. Those days are gone. Like we're in the world of like a$2 ,000 iPhone. It's a significant play. Same thing with our gongs. For people. Honestly. You want a subscription gong? No, I'm just saying there was a time when a TVPN gong was$200. Yeah. Now it's in the tens of thousands of dollars. It's actually so expensive.

34:28John Coogan:A friend of mine texted me and was like, where do we get the gongs? I need a gong. And I was like, I think you should start small. And this is not like you can't handle the big gong. I was more saying that there is a joy to being on the hedonic treadmill of larger gongs. You don't want to jump straight to the biggest gong. You want to start with a small gong. And work your way up. Work your way up because every gong that we've added has been so electric when we get the bigger gong. I think it's time for a new one. You want an even bigger gong? Yeah, I want one that's hanging from the rafters. Leave us five stars on Apple Podcasts and Spotify.

35:02Money never sleeps. You shouldn't either. Call me back.

35:06John Coogan:Sign up for a newsletter at tbpn.com, and we will see you tomorrow at 11 a.m. Pacific. Goodbye. Cheers. Going flashbang.

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