The Cambridge Five - new files reveal untold stories (462)

26 Jun 2026 · 1 h 6 min · 30 chapters

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In short

The Cambridge Five—Kim Philby, Donald Maclean, Guy Burgess, Anthony Blunt, and John Cairncross—are re-examined using newly released MI5 files and other archives. The episode argues their espionage was not “victimless” or merely glamorous, but enabled Stalin’s expansion into Eastern and Central Europe and caused dire consequences, including for Poland.

Guest backgrounds

Antonia Senior is the author of Stalin’s Apostles. She draws on MI5 investigation material plus Lithuanian KGB, Albanian secret police, CIA, and US Navy intelligence archives.

Key claims

The Soviets recruited through a “chain” of people rather than a tight ring; MI5 pursued them for decades; Cambridge was a recruitment pipeline but not the Soviets’ only target. The Nazi-Soviet Pact didn’t stop spying—some agents kept going. Stalin’s access to British decision-making is portrayed as extraordinary (e.g., cabinet and war committee minutes).

Notable examples

Burgess leaking British treaty positions on Poland/Baltic; Cairncross leaking the Maud Report (early nuclear intelligence); Philby’s Section 9 role and alleged cruelty toward Soviet POWs; Victor Rothschild’s alleged KGB-linked involvement via Ivan Sarov memoirs; Venona decrypts implicating McLean and later Philby.

Written by AI. May contain mistakes. Listen to the episode to check what was said.

Chapters

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Introduction to The Cambridge Five

0:36 to 1:30

Discussion on the Cambridge Five and their espionage activities for the Soviet Union.

“15 or more headache days a month, each lasting four hours or more, can make me feel like a spectator in my own life.”

Introduction to The Cambridge Five

1:36 to 2:48

Discussion on the Cambridge Five and their espionage activities for the Soviet Union.

“Stalin has eyes in the British Foreign Office, the British Treasury, MI5, MI6, the Cabinet minutes.”

Antonia Senior's Research Insights

3:02 to 4:04

Antonia Senior shares insights from her research on the Cambridge Five.

“But I felt like the story presented it all the time as a victimless crime.”

Revisiting Historical Narratives

4:19 to 5:35

Challenging the romanticized narratives surrounding the Cambridge Five.

“And they were betrayed by the Cambridge Five in so many myriad ways, which I get into in the book.”

The Cambridge Five and Their Network

5:39 to 7:24

Exploring the broader network of individuals associated with the Cambridge Five.

“So the ones in 2025 were the MI5 investigations primarily into Philby, McLean and Cancross.”

The Role of Victor Rothschild

7:27 to 8:06

Discussion about Victor Rothschild's connections and potential involvement.

Recruitment of Cambridge Spies

8:10 to 8:43

How the Cambridge spies were recruited and the circumstances surrounding it.

“But it was a kind of very liminal relationship.”

Revolutionary Ideals and Espionage

8:47 to 14:00

The mindset of the Cambridge spies and their allegiance to Soviet ideals.

“I'm glad you brought up Victor Rothschild because he does intrigue me because he seems to be in on everything but not obviously part of the ring.”

The Revolutionary Mindset of the Cambridge Five

14:00 to 15:36

Explore the ideological motivations behind the Cambridge Five's allegiance to communism.

“It doesn't seem to affect their allegiance to the Soviet Union.”

Kim Philby's Role in the Spanish Civil War

15:37 to 17:00

Delve into Kim Philby's controversial activities during the Spanish Civil War and his interactions with Franco.

“No, I think they were attracted by the ideology's ruthlessness and by the kind of revolutionary fervor.”
Show all 30 chapters

Recruitment into Soviet Intelligence

17:01 to 18:58

Learn about how individuals like Kim Philby and Donald McLean were recruited into Soviet espionage.

“Yeah, it's the first job is to stop being an obvious communist, right?”

Vetting and the Challenges of Espionage

18:59 to 21:08

Understand the difficulties faced by MI5 and MI6 in vetting recruits during wartime.

“there is something going on, he needles them, he bugs them, he demands to know what this big secret is and he's brilliant at badgering.”

Stalin's Access to British Secrets

21:09 to 22:16

Investigate how the Cambridge Five provided Stalin with critical information during WWII.

“And a really obvious way to get good chaps in was just, do you know this guy?”

Stalin's Access to British Secrets

22:17 to 23:31

Investigate how the Cambridge Five provided Stalin with critical information during WWII.

“Your to-do list may feel endless with new tasks and lists can easily begin to overrun your life.”

The Nazi-Soviet Pact and Its Impact

23:36 to 26:16

Discuss the implications of the Nazi-Soviet Pact on communist ideology and the Cambridge Five.

“You know the best part about this spicy Italian sausage?”

Betrayal and Ideology Among the Cambridge Five

26:17 to 28:01

Examine how personal motivations and ideological beliefs influenced the actions of the Cambridge Five.

“One is they are Stalinists and they believe in the project.”

The Obscure Nature of the Cambridge Five

28:01 to 29:35

An exploration of the obscure details surrounding the Cambridge Five and their impact on nuclear espionage.

“And yeah, I would love to say that we had found a smoking gun to say that we could see a trail leading from the Cambridge Five through Moscow to Berlin.”

Cairncross and the Atomic Spy Narrative

29:36 to 31:14

Discusses John Cairncross's role as the first atomic spy and the complexities of Soviet intelligence.

“the very first person to tell the Soviets that this was on the cards was John Cancross.”

Soviet Suspicions of the Cambridge Five

31:15 to 33:19

Examines the reasons behind Soviet suspicion of the Cambridge Five and their operations.

“But also within Soviet intelligence there's some suspicions that the five are double agents they're actually working for British intelligence.”

The Volume of Information and Its Impact

33:20 to 35:30

Details how the overwhelming amount of information from the Cambridge Five affected Soviet intelligence operations.

“Burgess and Blunt and her name was Elena Modrasinkaya.”

The Urgency of Information Transfer

35:31 to 38:00

Describes the methods of urgent information transfer from the UK to the Soviet Union and its implications.

“Again, like it goes in waves of access and when they're most important.”

Stalin's Manipulation of Intelligence

38:01 to 40:53

Explores how Stalin used intelligence from the Cambridge Five to manipulate negotiations with the West.

“The British go into it absolutely determined that they're going to get some words on Baltic and Polish sovereignty.”

Philby's Role in Soviet Counterintelligence

40:54 to 42:00

Analyzes Kim Philby's ascent in Soviet counterintelligence and his concerns over MI5's Jane Archer.

“And not just in the moment, but it stands as a emblematic moment for how all of that plays out, that Stalin perpetually provokes Churchill to accept the lies.”

The Dual Loyalties of Jane Archer

42:00 to 45:12

Explore the complex role of Jane Archer in the shadow war of WWII Europe.

“who soviet intelligence has sent to spain and during the civil war and he's worried that the link will be made.”

Philby and Eileen's Troubled Marriage

46:05 to 50:45

Delve into the tumultuous relationship between Kim Philby and Eileen, revealing dark truths.

“He did and Eileen has had a really bad press.”

The Unraveling of the Cambridge Five

50:45 to 54:48

Understand the significance of the Venona decrypts in exposing Soviet spies.

“They are able to get into the telegrams from 1944 and 1945, when Donald McLean was in the Washington embassy.”

The Human Cost of Betrayal

54:48 to 56:01

Discuss the personal and diplomatic consequences of the Cambridge spies' actions.

“And it's then getting routed to the Albanians and the MGB, as it was then in the Baltics and the Ukraine.”

The Role of Donald McLean in NATO's Formation

56:01 to 58:00

Learn about Donald McLean's pivotal role in the creation of NATO and the impact of the Cambridge Five.

“They know how sensitive NATO is going to be to the Soviets.”

McLean and Burgess: Spies in Washington

58:34 to 1:02:42

Explore the chaotic lives of McLean and Burgess during their time in Washington and the MI5's surveillance of them.

“Burgess is in Washington because he got in trouble for being a terrible alcoholic, so he was promoted to join the Washington embassy.”

Alcohol and Espionage: The Cambridge Five

1:02:44 to 1:04:04

Discuss the excessive drinking habits of the Cambridge Five and their consequences on their espionage activities.

“There's one night in Istanbul where Burgess and Philby and Philby's mistress, Esther, drink between them 52 brandies in one session.”
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Transcript

Automatic transcript. May contain errors.

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1:36Stalin has eyes in the British Foreign Office, the British Treasury, MI5, MI6, the Cabinet minutes. He's getting minutes, which kind of are about the raw preparedness of the entire empire. And then in 1943, Bletchley Park. So, you know, the level of access is unbelievable.

1:58Antonia Senior's new book, Stalin's Apostles, challenges what you may have believed about the Cambridge Five. a group of British citizens who spied for the Soviet Union. Antonia argues that their actions during the Cold War have long been romanticised in popular culture, however the reality is far more complex and tragic. Kim Philby, Donald Maclean, Guy Burgess, Anthony Blunt and John Cairncross were not merely glamorous rogues, their espionage activities had dire consequences for countless individuals in Eastern and Central Europe. Antonia challenges the traditional narrative that often portrays them as victims of circumstance highlighting instead the profound impact their betrayals had on nations and individuals who suffered under Stalinist regimes.

2:47Drawing on recently released MI5 documents and various international archives the episode sheds light on the meticulous research that uncovers the broader implications of the Cambridge Five's actions. I'm delighted to welcome Antonia Senior to our Cold War conversation. It is actually quite a long time since there has been a book about all five of them and in that period absolutely thousands of documents have been released by MI5 about the Cambridge Five, about the investigations into them and more broadly their associates and their friends and the other people who were involved. So that was important.

3:29The second thing that was important to me was I felt that the story that was being told culturally was one of glamorous rogues, posh boys beating the system, robbing secrets from the rich to empower the poor, and then getting a kind of sad comeuppance in Moscow. But I felt like the story presented it all the time as a victimless crime. And I actually sat down and I started to think, who was hurt by this? It wasn't just the members of the Reform Club, right? What did Stalin want from the Cambridge Five? Well, Stalin's great foreign policy project from the minute they started spying for him till they were busted was the expansion of the Soviet world out beyond the borders of Russia and into Europe, right?

4:17And they were incredibly helpful in that project. And when you turn it on its head and you start thinking that actually the people who suffered most from the Cambridge Five's terrible betrayals were the people of Eastern and Central Europe who ended up under Stalin's yoke and didn't want to be there. Right. And they were betrayed by the Cambridge Five in so many myriad ways, which I get into in the book. And then as part of that, when I decided to turn it on its head, I went looking in other archives that hasn't necessarily been looked at too much in relation to the Five. so in telling the story I used the Lithuanian KGB archives and the Albanian secret police archives to try and get the other side of Philby's well chronicled betrayals of operations there I was all over the CIA files the US Navy intelligence files there is huge amounts of material that has not been used and what I wanted to do was scrape away all the secondary history I did read it all but I parked it and I went back to the archives and I started again because i think the national archives in 2025 released a number of new files which gave a bit more deal because there were quite a few transcriptions and stuff like that so you got to hear more or be a little bit more on the inside there as to what communications were going on yeah so they released some in 2019 more in 2022 more in 2025 so i guess they're doing them in three-year tranches there's no sort of rhyme nor reason really so how and when they release these things.

5:42So the ones in 2025 were the MI5 investigations primarily into Philby, McLean and Cancross. There was nothing in those files that I think massively changed the story, although it did change it in lots of ways. I had before those files completely underestimated how the lengths that MI5 had actually gone to to try and get these guys. There's an assumption that MI5 just gave up the ghost. But no, they were on it and on it for decades. But so much incredible detail, like unbelievable, as you say, transcripts of things that we didn't know we would ever see. It was just for someone immersed in five law, as I am, it was incredibly exciting to see loads of those files.

6:28Yeah, it was amazing. We talk about the Cambridge Five, but I think you mention in the book that it's not really a ring it's a chain because these guys are great at the old schmoozing and and getting information from friends and acquaintances that help put together the wider picture for soviet intelligence yeah absolutely so we call them the cambridge five spying because they happen to have been at cambridge and also because the russians called them the kind of Magnificent Five, right? So then when the story starts coming out in dribs and drabs, then the press get hold of this Magnificent Five thing, and then they're looking for the third, fourth, fifth.

7:09But actually, a ring implies that they all knew about each other and they were all in contact. And actually, they weren't at all. John Cancross never really knew any of the others, apart from when he was recruited by Burtis Blunt. McLean took himself away from the others for most of the time. He didn't have very much to do with them at all, apart from at very small points. and yes as you say they were also um involved with loads of other people so blunt's job before he joined mi5 at the start of the war was as a recruiter and he was good at it he recruited various young men into intelligence um and i in the course of researching the book identified 22 people who were giving the cambridge five secrets there were three categories one sub-agents eight men who knew that they were serving the soviets and had been recruited primarily by blunts like Leo Long, Alistair Watson, people like that.

7:57The second category were really good friends of theirs who kind of probably knew that they might be giving secrets away, but was left-leaning fellow travellers, so were happy to feed them titbits. But it was a kind of very liminal relationship. I put into that category Victor Rothschild controversially. I know other people disagreed me. And the third category is people who just thought they were the friends, right? And they were gossiping in the pub, but they were really close friends. So they were giving them all sorts of intelligence that was finding its way back to the Soviets. Yeah. And that 22 is conservative because I think that final category I mentioned is much bigger.

8:33How long is a piece of string? Burgess knew if he was in London. So, you know, you've got to concentrate on the ones that you are pretty sure they actually wrinkled secrets out. Yeah, absolutely. Fascinating and much broader cross-section of the secret parts of British state than we, I think, traditionally think of. I'm glad you brought up Victor Rothschild because he does intrigue me because he seems to be in on everything but not obviously part of the ring. He marries somebody who's very left wing. He's running this flat at Benton Street where they're all hanging out as well or he owns it. So he seems very implicated.

9:13He is, I think, much more implicated than the traditional histories have. Victor Rothschild is great friends with Antony Blunt. He knows Guy Burgess. He employs Guy Burgess in the 1930s to provide odd bits of financial intelligence, but it's really just to keep Burgess afloat. Rothschild's fabulously wealthy. So, yes, and then Rothschild is working for the government during the war as well, like a lot of these people. And then after the war, he doesn't give up his links with MI5. So he's constantly, we see him meddling all the time. And then he gets involved later on in the spy catcher affair.

9:48Now, the killer thing for me about Victor Vostar, there has been speculation about his role for years. There is a KGB general called Ivan Sarov, who wrote his memoirs. And when he fell from grace, as all KGB generals are going to eventually, he hid his memoirs in the wall of his dacca. And they were only found relatively recently. And obviously, there was concern about authentication, but the kind of best Russian historians of the KGB now believe that these memoirs are kosher. In these memoirs, which are not yet translated into English, but I had the relevant parts translated, he talks about there's a trip where Khrushchev comes to Britain in the 50s and Serov comes with him and they meet up with Victor Rothschild at a party.

10:41And in his memoirs, Serov talks about Victor Rothschild as being fully aware of the activities of the Cambridge Five and of being a Soviet asset as so far as he's giving the Soviets what secrets he can where he thinks it's useful to Israel. So Serov, who would know, specifically implicates him in the Cambridge Five world. And I think that added to the weird story around Kim Philby's final unmasking, which I also think he's much more involved with in nefarious ways than people have understood. I think, yeah, I think they're a big question mark about Victor Rothschild. Why Cambridge University? The Soviets trying to infiltrate other universities in the UK and they just had massive success with Cambridge.

11:32So the Cambridge thing is actually, again, it's another bit of a kind of red herring and myth. So the way they all get recruited is after Kim Philby finishes at Cambridge, he has a kind of communist gap year. so he goes to Austria and he falls in love with an Austrian communist and he runs about smuggling arms and he's having a marvellous time. Then much to his parents' utter horror his dad is a furious anti-Semite for one thing, Filby returns from his communist gap year with a communist Austrian wife who's also Jewish called Litzy Freeman and Litzy is friends with a woman called Ida Tudor Hart who is another communist from the Austrian scene and Edith Tudor Hart is friends with an illegal, a guy who is over in Britain.

12:20He's working on behalf of Russian intelligence. His name is Arnold Deutsch. So Arnold Deutsch, and it does seem to be his idea, wants to take advantage of the fact that he notices that in Britain there is a kind of sudden, almost like a social contagion of very posh young men and women discovering communist revolutionary politics. And he thinks if he can find some of these young men and women, young men really, he can recruit them early, get them young and then watch them rise, right? So that's his plan. And through the Austrian connection, he meets Kim Philby and he recruits Kim Philby. And then Kim Philby's first job as a new recruit is to give Arnold Deutsch a list of all likely recruits.

13:08And because Kim Philby happened to go to Cambridge, the names on that list are all from Cambridge. Now, there are also spies recruited at Oxford. We know a few of them. None of them were quite as successful as the Cambridge Fire. That, again, is more of a kind of matter of luck than specific Soviet brilliance, understanding that Cambridge was the one to subvert. It was more a kind of happenstance than a plan. in that sense. And these spies are recruited in the mid-1930s in the main. And at that point, Stalin is embarking on the Great Terror. There's the famine in Ukraine as well. And that news is getting back to the UK.

13:54People are very clear what's going on in the Soviet Union, yet these guys just carry on? It doesn't seem to affect their allegiance to the Soviet Union. I think it does the opposite, actually. And I think if you are a young revolutionary in the 1930s, you believe that revolutions are supposed to be bloody. You believe that people are supposed to die. You just don't think it's going to be you. Revolutionaries never think it's going to be them against the wall, do they? And among their friends at Cambridge, for example, one of the kind of leading luminaries of the Cambridge communist scene was like a massive fanboy of Bella Kuhn, the first communist leader, precisely because Bella Kuhn enacted a terror and was ruthless.

14:39And they write these dreadful poems about being determined to see through the cause, no matter what the cost to their soul and all this nonsense. They want to be involved in something that tears the world down and then builds it up again. So I think they know, and I I went to lots of pains in my researching book to make it clear how much was known in the 30s, because there's another lie about the Cambridge Five that nothing was known about Stalin in the 30s and that they were just good anti-fascists who got accidentally drawn into supporting an evil totalitarian regime. It's nonsense. They knew everything.

15:12And not only did they know everything in the 30s, they also, Arnold Deutsch got caught up in the terror. Others of their handlers got caught up in the terror. the very men who recruited them were put against a wall by Stalin. And they knew this. And then these anti-fascists stood by and watched Stalin become an ally of Hitler. And again, it didn't give them pause at all. They carried on spying for him. No, I think they were attracted by the ideology's ruthlessness and by the kind of revolutionary fervor. and we're come on to the nazi soviet pact in a little while there but philby's he's sort of in journalism um and he manages to get a job with the times as a journalist during the spanish civil war and i think the soviets initially tasked him to assassinate franco well so walter kovitzky who is a defector says that there has been a journalist who's been tasked with assassinating Franco but he's really the only source for this story it's not really backed up elsewhere Philby denies it but Philby is untrustworthy it's about his own life so Philby's denial is meaningless there is not however any supporting real supporting evidence about that he does get very close to Franco's group uh he does this partly by using his connections partly by sleeping with a very glamorous fascist woman and getting close that way.

16:46And in fact, he is so pro-Franco in his reporting for The Times that Franco actually gives him a medal. So Philby will end this story with medals from Franco, Churchill and Stalin, which I think is probably a rare trio. The hat trick. Yeah. Yeah. Gosh. Yeah, and there is a lot of sex and bed hopping in this book, which it's it i'm gonna have to reword that hang on a second tony i'm trying to think of how i'm gonna phrase this yeah philby is somewhat infamous as a seducer and he's not the sort of the only one in this book either but i don't want to spoil some of the the details that are in the book there with his father being a pro-nazi that obviously helps him with his credentials in spain but they're all been told to hide their communist past?

17:43Yeah, it's the first job is to stop being an obvious communist, right? So Kim Philby, he gives this list to Arnold Deutsch and the top of the name at the top of the list of best recruits is Donald McLean, who has been a virulent communist all the way through university. He's at Trinity Hall in Cambridge. Although he, crucially, neither him nor Kim Philby ever joined the Communist Party because both of them want to join the Foreign Office. And even though, as my book makes clear, betting is not a strong point of the British government in this period. Actual membership of the Communist Party would have been a problem.

18:18So neither of them actually joined. But they are overt communists to their friends. But as soon as they've been recruited by the Soviets, both Kim Philby and Donald McLean start pretending not to be, right? And this is how Guy Burgess gets into the picture, because Guy Burgess was the bottom of Kim Philby's list because even though he's a very committed communist and a very clever man, he's also wild and flaky and hopeless. I was doing a podcast the other day and the podcaster said he's basically what the young people today would call a hot mess. And I think that's actually probably fair. Burgess is at the bottom of that list.

18:54But when he notices that two of his really good friends from Cambridge who had been massive communists are now cosplaying at being fascists, there is something going on, he needles them, he bugs them, he demands to know what this big secret is and he's brilliant at badgering. So he basically badgers his way into also getting signed up on Soviet intelligence. So that's how Burgess gets in. And then yeah, Burgess too, for a while, pretends not to be a communist. He doesn't do it very well and everybody knows he's just messing. But Guy Burgess is so often socially outrageous that even when he tells people he's a by nobody believes in so yeah you talked about vetting there so mi6 when they're vetting philby know that he had a wife who was a communist don't they it's not quite clear when they know that he had a wife who was a communist it wasn't immediately they do know that he dallied with communism them.

19:56I think the issue with all of their recruitment into the most secret parts of the British state, not so much Donald McLean and John Cancross, who joined the Foreign Office straight out of Cambridge. So they're on an upward trajectory in a different world. But Blunt was supposed to stay in Cambridge as a recruiter. Philby was having a pretty ordinary career as a journalist. He was a very good journalist, actually, annoyingly. But the reason why they get into MI5 and MI6 is at the start of the war, there was a massive explosion of demand for men in the most secret parts of the British states. MI6 expands tenfold.

20:34MI5 expands tenfold. SOE, a special operations executive, was built from nowhere, and that demands 16 ,000 staff or something. There's other bits like the political warfare executive, and they're all fighting over the same people. And if all of them had been vetted properly, they would have still been vetting them by the time the war was over. Okay, so to be fair to them, it was incredibly difficult to vet these people properly. Also, to be fair to them, they had no conception of the existence of men like the Cambridge Five. As far as the people doing the recruiting in the early part of the war were concerned, Britain was facing an existential threat to its very existence.

21:12And a really obvious way to get good chaps in was just, do you know this guy? Is he a friend of yours? Could you introduce him to your wife? Is he clever? Will he fit in? And these seemed like the questions to ask, is he secretly a Soviet spy? Was on nobody's radar. It didn't even occur to them that men of their class could be doing what they were doing. I should just say that the Cambridge Five move about and they're differently important to the Soviets at different points, with some of them more important than others at different points. But broadly, you get a situation where Stalin has eyes in the British Foreign Office, the British Treasury, MI5, MI6, oversight therefore through those of SOE and then in 1943 John Cancross goes to Bletchley Park.

21:56The level of access is unbelievable. There are points where Stalin's getting the cabinet minutes, he's getting the Imperial War Defence Committee minutes which kind of are about the raw preparedness of the entire empire. His access to information is extraordinary. Starting or growing your own business can be intimidating and lonely at times. Your to-do list may feel endless with new tasks and lists can easily begin to overrun your life. So finding the right tool that not only helps you out, but simplifies everything as a built-in business partner can be a game changer. For millions of businesses, that tool is Shopify.

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23:40Antonia Senior:Got a Sam's Cafe pizza order up. You know the best part about this spicy Italian sausage? I voted for this topping. Yeah, just another perk of being a member. Come join us. Sam's Club. we mentioned a little while earlier the Nazi-Soviet pact. So in 1939, Stalin decides he needs to deal with Hitler, and they put together a pact which allows them to divide Poland and various other parts of Eastern Europe. So that, you would think, is a major challenge for somebody who's as ideologically motivated as the Cambridge Five, Because, as you say, they are believing themselves to be anti-fascists. And suddenly, the government who they're passing all these secrets to is in cahoots with Adolf Hitler.

24:38Yeah, it's unbelievable, right? And there are communists all over Europe tearing up their party membership cards in protest at this moment. And Stalin will later present this as a cunning ploy, whereby he was trying to buy time in order to build up the resources to take on the Nazis properly. This is complete hindsight whitewashing. What Stalin was doing is he saw an opportunity to get what he wanted, which is Poland and the Baltic states. He wanted to reanimate the Russian empire that the Bolsheviks had lost in the Russian civil war immediately following the revolution. and huge numbers of people saw through this and at the time in August 1929 when it happened, even the kind of left wing newspapers in Britain see through this, they do not talk about it as a cunning plan, they talk about it as an absolute moral failure on Stalin's part to jump into bed with Hitler so you would think one of the guys recruited by Anthony Blunt is a guy called Garoni Rees and he and another guy recruited by Anthony Blunt who went to America called Michael Strait.

25:45Both of them, and they seem to be telling the truth, although again, they're not entirely reliable sources. Both of them stop spying when the Nazi Soviet pact happens, right? And in fact, Burgess goes to see Gawonry Rees when the Nazi Soviet pact is signed. They both outwardly vow to stop spying for the Soviets. But then Guy Burgess walks away from that meeting, goes to find his Russian handler and says, I'm going to keep spying for you. Please, can you kill Gawonry Rees? He's a threat to me. These are the kind of men we're talking about. And I think there are two things happening. One is they are Stalinists and they believe in the project.

26:22Two is they like doing it, right? So it's not just the ideology. It's an unfortunate marrying of a really passionate ideological belief and really toxic personalities that mean they're actually enjoying the act of betrayal and what that means and the secrecy. in the Philby particular, you can see it in his memoir. He has such glee when he's the only person who knows that he's the spider in the centre of a web that other people don't even know exists. So they love it and they don't want to give it up. Donald Maclean writes this absolutely horribly fawning letter to Soviet intelligence in 1940, when Hitler and Stalin are in bed with each other, going, oh, working for you is my life.

27:08I live for it. Please don't cut me off. I just want to serve the revolution. They're just, they're in it. They stay the course, as Philby puts it. And despite the fact that some of the intelligence they're passing to the Soviets may be passing to the Germans. Exactly. Philby is embedded as a journalist with the British Expeditionary Force at the beginning of the war when Stalin and Hitler are best pals. And Philby is passing on everything he can. He's finding it quite difficult, actually. He has to work really hard to get his information to the Soviets because all his atlas have been shot by Stalin.

27:46He has to really work at it, but he does get that information. So he's feeding information about the British Expeditionary Force to Stalin when Stalin is Hitler's ally. Donald McLean is doing the same from the Foreign Office, as is John Cancroft. Whatever they can find, they're giving. And yeah, I would love to say that we had found a smoking gun to say that we could see a trail leading from the Cambridge Five through Moscow to Berlin. We haven't, OK, because a lot of this stuff is quite obscure and hidden and you can't get full access to any of it. So we don't. But they didn't know that. How are they going to know that?

28:22I mean, of all of the five, it's Cairncross is the one that people probably most struggle to name. yet he probably delivers some of the most important information in terms of the Maud report. Yeah, Cancross, listen, I think Cancross is overdue another look. There's a couple of quite good biographies of him, one really good one by Chris Smith, but that's before all the stuff came out that we talked about at the beginning from MI5 last year. John Cancross is a very complicated, slippery character who presents himself as an anti-fascist people believe it there is dark stuff but yes the Maud report so John Cairncross is working as the private secretary to a guy called Morris Hankey who is a cabinet minister at the time of the Maud report which is the big moment where the British start exploring the feasibility of making nuclear weapons and the Maud report lays out how this might happen.

29:24And John Cancross leaks this to the Soviets. So we know about the atomic spies. They were central to how Stalin goes on to develop the bomb. But the very first atomic spy, the very first person to tell the Soviets that this was on the cards was John Cancross. Not Melita Norwood? No. Well, I mean, you know, the atomic story is actually quite a complicated one. And I know you've done plenty of work on it, because there were lots of people feeding the Russians. And actually, for a long time, the Soviets didn't actually care, because this is the other part of the coin, right? So you can see all the time where the Cambridge Five have access to material like the Maud Report.

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30:10You can see some of the material that the Soviets read and took seriously because we had access for a while to the Soviet archives, largely through the work of the intelligence historian Nigel West, who got some grief actually because he didn't speak Russian and he was minded while he was in the archives. those archives. But actually nothing he's brought out of those archives has ever been disproved when other flickers of things come through. So we have that, but we can't always make the really strong link between the access and then the end result of Soviet actions. Because there are so many stages, the stuff's got to get to Russia, it's got to be read, it's got to be passed through Stalin.

30:55And Stalin's mind is a mystery, you know, to greater historians than us. So yeah, the atomic spy story is complicated because when Cairncross passes the information it does take a long time for the Soviets to actually grapple with how important this information is and to start really ramping up their program. But also within Soviet intelligence there's some suspicions that the five are double agents they're actually working for British intelligence. Yeah so there there's a couple reasons why a number of people in the Soviet system begin to get a bit suspicious of the five mid-war. So one is that they have such incredible access to stuff that the Soviets can't believe the stuff they're seeing because it's such high-grade intelligence.

31:49Number two is that you mentioned Bentink Street, but so Burgess and Blunt live together in Bentink Street and it's flat just behind Oxford Street. And Guy Liddle, who's like head of counterintelligence at MI5, he stays on their sofa all the time, a bit of Rothschild's in and out. The Russians can't believe that there's this kind of cosy relationship between all these top-level intelligence people and they're just in and out of each other's houses drinking gin and that it's not all deeply suspicious. And then the other part of it is the Russians keep saying to Blunt and Philby, right, tell us your operations against us.

32:32And Blunt and Philby both say there aren't any. And the reason they say that is because there weren't any. We were not spying on the Soviets really until right at the end of the war, until 1944. And the reason we weren't spying on them is because there was a kind of slightly naive sense that you don't spy on your allies. This is an over-exaggeration. We were spying on them, but nowhere near like they were spying on us. and then Blunt would tell them things like oh yeah we only have the capacity to tap a few phones and we don't work weekends and Soviet intelligence now you're lying because the Soviets then as now have an outsized kind of idea of what the British are capable of and up for so when we were disappointing them they thought they were lying but again it's slightly more complicated because there was one person who was really anti the five and not all of the five either mainly Philby and Burgess and Blunt and her name was Elena Modrasinkaya.

33:27I can't really say her name but that's an approximation. I'm glad you had a go. Yeah even within the KGB like not everybody agrees with her assessment so her boss isn't sure and thinks that they may be okay and they keep getting their information anyway and then they lay little traps for them little tests to see if they can work out if they're true. There's another reason of course which is that Anthony Blunt has fought access to everything about the double cross operations against the Nazis. So that once the Russians realise that the British are running double cross operations, they're like, aha, maybe this is a double cross operation.

34:04And of course it wasn't. So there's a period where not all of them are entirely trusted, but their information is still getting through and still being used. And if it can be verified from other sources, they're just a sort of wariness about them. But it doesn't last very long. And it's not institutionally, it's not the whole of the KGB that distrust them. And the volume of stuff that they are sending out is phenomenal, particularly McLean in his early days. And I guess this is the other thing that the Soviets are suspicious of, is they can walk out of MI5, MI6 with briefcases or the foreign office with briefcases full of top secret information.

34:43But with McLean, he's bringing out so much information. I think that the Soviet photographer has a nervous breakdown trying to deal with all of this work. Yeah, his hand at that point in the early part of the war is like literally weeping and sending telegrams to Moscow saying, I can't deal with all of this information. And there's an amazing bit in the autobiography of their later handler, who's a guy called Yuri Modin. And Modin starts his career in Soviet intelligence as the guy in Moscow reading the stuff that the five are sending to Moscow. and he's there's just like piles of it and they just and he says sometimes we were overwhelmed and we just pick a piece of paper at random off the top and then tell ourselves we would get to the rest of it the next day but we might not ever get to it that's another reason why some of it might not have got through and john can cross at bletchley park the way we've got john can cross at bletchley park and every sort of every sort of like day or whatever it is the top secret stuff from Bletchley Park travels by train to London in a like buff coloured box and only Churchill's got a key at one end and somebody else has got a key at Bletchley Park and it's like oh whatever and meanwhile John Cancross who's working as an interpreter is just picking the German decrypts up off the floor stuffing them down his trousers walking out yeah you can see why the Soviets began to be a bit raised eyebrows about all of this but yeah huge amounts of stuff huge like tens of thousands of documents.

36:11Again, like it goes in waves of access and when they're most important. But yeah, like piles of documents. And so the most, the really urgent stuff, most of it just goes over land in like diplomatic bags. But if it's incredibly urgent, it's telegrammed from London to Moscow. And then in 1944, Donald McLean is posted to the Washington embassy. And then anything urgent that he gets in the US goes straight to, goes by telegram. And that's one of the ways, we'll talk I'm sure about these telegrams being broken, but that's one of the ways we can work out what's important to the Soviets and what isn't.

36:51Because when you can see that it's gone by telegram, you know that it's important to Stalin because these are his henchmen trying to please him. So they're getting this information to him quickly. During this period, they're feeding Stalin information on the West's reaction to the Katyn forest massacre where the Soviets have murdered thousands I think of Polish officers and intelligentsia there and by passing that information that Stalin's able to recalibrate how he's negotiating with the West there it's these hidden sort of they're not hidden details but it has massive implications for the people of those countries particularly in Poland, because Blunt is also involved in this, providing details about the Polish resistance movement in Poland.

37:45Yeah, this is it. When you look at what's important to Stalin, occasionally you can see things getting to his desk. And so much of what he's interested in is Poland, right? Poland is a real bugbear for him. He wants it. He wants to keep it. So there are various ways we can I think one of the really interesting ones is 1942, there is a negotiation for an Anglo-Soviet treaty, which is framing how they're going to be allies and the transfer of equipment and money from Britain to help the Soviets fight the war. And both sides really want this treaty. The British go into it absolutely determined that they're going to get some words on Baltic and Polish sovereignty.

38:23The Soviets go into it absolutely determined that the British can do one, right? they're not going to get these fine words and then amazingly we have so Guy Burgess was getting chapter and verse and all the detail day by day on the British negotiating positions on that during the treaty negotiations he was getting them from a kind of guy he was running a sub-agent in the news department called Harry Smollett and then he was passing this on so every single time the British go into a negotiating room, the Soviets know the British position. If you're negotiating a deal, you've got the position you put on the table at the first point, right?

39:04You've got the backstop position, and then you've got your secret position that you're not going to reveal unless you absolutely have to at the end. And you can see in these transcripts of the stuff that Burgess leaks to the Russians, to the Soviets, that they have all of those positions. They know them all. So they completely out-negotiate the British, and they end up with no words at all in the treaty about Polish borders or Baltic sovereignty. And this happens again at Tehran and it happens again at Yalta. It's just, you can see it right from the beginning. And then again, yeah, with Katyn.

39:35So 22 ,000 Polish officers are murdered in the forest of Katyn by the Soviets, right? And the Germans, when they find the mass graves, make a big song and dance about it. And the Allies then are in a quandary, right? Churchill is in a quandary particularly. He's gone to war ostensibly for Poland. He is rhetorically a great ally of Poland. And now he is faced with a situation increasingly where the demands of Stalin and the needs of his Polish allies are in conflict continually. And Churchill is getting cross with the Poles because he feels like it's beginning to be their fault. They don't know what the Poles were supposed to do, just roll over, and they wouldn't.

40:21And Catherine's important because thanks to Philby's reports on it to the Soviets, the Soviets know that Churchill knows that it was them. But Churchill is ostensibly accepting Stalin's, you know, blandishments that it was the Germans. And this kind of thing matters because totalitarian regimes need people to buy the lie publicly. They need people, prop them up by being part of the kind of general kind of, yeah, the lie. So Churchill knowing the truth but agreeing to lie is quite seismic in the Polish-Russian relations. And not just in the moment, but it stands as a emblematic moment for how all of that plays out, that Stalin perpetually provokes Churchill to accept the lies.

41:14He can see all the background misery that Churchill feels accepting the lies because he's been passed it all by the fight. Incredible, incredible. The major coup for Philby, though, is he becomes head of Section 9, which is the Department to Catch Soviet Spies, which is incredible. But I'm always interested in the role of Jane Archer here because she is, I think, MI5's first female officer. and she gets moved into section nine and philby is concerned because she had interviewed kravitsky the soviet defector that we mentioned before and she had been told about a young english journalist who soviet intelligence has sent to spain and during the civil war and he's worried that the link will be made.

42:14Yeah, he's nervous of Jane Archer because she's very good. And what he does, as soon as he gets into Section 9, which as you say, is MI6's Soviet counterintelligence unit, it's extraordinary. Even that, pause on that fact for a second. The man in charge of Soviet counterintelligence at the end of the Cold War, when it's becoming obvious we've got a Stalin problem, is a Soviet spy. It's unbelievable. Anyway, so the first thing he does is start trying to make the department look effective while being ineffective. So he's worried about Jane Archer. But luckily for him, she thinks that the spy that was named by Kravitzky, she thinks it's a guy called Edmund who's actually died in the war.

42:58So she is convinced that problem has gone away. But that doesn't mean that she won't remember once if Philby is too good at being crap at Soviet accounts of intelligence. And the other reason why I found Jane Archer's world really interesting is because, so this is a period at the end of the war, 1944, where all over Europe, we think of the end of the war as a clean thing, right? As a moment where everybody goes on the streets and snogs a sailor. But like across Europe, the ending to the war was not clean, right? There were little partisan wars all over Europe. People in the lands coveted by Stalin, there were men and women who'd been fighting the Nazis and now they were turning their attention to try and fight the Soviets because they wanted sovereignty for themselves.

43:44So one of Jane Archer's jobs for Philby at the end of the war was to identify any kind of partisan groups that she could that were operating in Europe that might become a problem for the Soviets. Now of course the British wanted that information but so did the Soviets. so we can be pretty sure that anything that Jane Archer found and she was an effective intelligence agent that would quite likely have gone to two masters so in that ending bit of the war where there's already a kind of a little bit of a shadow war where the British and the Americans are trying to arm non-communist partisans in various unstable places and the Soviets are trying to do the opposite Philby's right in the middle of all of that and he's just messing, like meddling and also sometimes doing really cruel things like he goes to Germany and he interviews Soviets, prisoners of war in Germany and then anything you can find out about them he passes on too but what is it, something like half of all the Soviets, prisoners of war who went home to Russia were killed or sent to the Gulag.

44:57The ones who knew they were going home started killing them and the The camps were ramped with life with suicides. And Philby was going in there interviewing these men and anything he could sending. I mean, the callousness is breathtaking.

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45:46With Shopify on your side, turn your big business idea into... Sign up for your$1 per month trial at shopify.com slash special offer. and the callousness is not just with his spying because in in 1940s married aileen furs and the books in the past have generally said she was unstable she was mentally ill and she eventually commits suicide but there is some doubt as to whether it is suicide and whether she's killed herself and certainly Philby treated her incredibly badly. He did and Eileen has had a really bad press. Poor old Philby with his mentally unstable wife. But Philby, I don't like retrospective ill-informed psychoanalysts by historians so I didn't put this in the book.

46:37But Philby's obviously some sort of sociopath right? To be able to be as cruel as he is and to be as callous as he is and to talk with the glee that he does about the men that he sends to his death their deaths right there is something cold and dark at the heart of Kim Philby and she is married to that right and she can see him and not only that the point where she has her major breakdown is when they are stationed in Istanbul and she has Guy Burgess living in her basement she has five four kids under six or something Kim Philby as her husband and Kim Philby's mistress living in the attic like I feel quite sad for Eileen so she does have a number of breakdowns and she does some bizarrely and it's all very cry for helpish and yeah so she commits a suicide in the late 50s And one of the files that emerged in that 25 file dump that we talked about was she was seeing a psychiatrist before her death.

47:44And we know, by the way, that in this period, Philby was treating her very badly because he was being watched by MI5 throughout the 50s. And what seems to be happening, according to these files, is that Eileen would basically get to the point where she was like, I can't bear it. I'm going to tell MI5 everything I know. And then Philby would suddenly be really nice to her, even though he had at that point yet another mistress on the go. and then he and then once she calmed down and had stabilized and said okay i'm not going to tell anybody she's pathetically grateful that he's being nice to her and nice to the children then he starts being horrible again and the mi5 watchers describe him treating her with with horrible brutality and these are not like the cuddly woke policemen of today right these are mi5 guys in the 1950s if they say you're being brutal you are being brutal so she's seeing a psychiatrist and as soon as she commits suicide her psychiatrist writes to her gp and he demands that the gp check her body for puncture wounds the psychiatrist who knows all the secrets of the philby marriage is convinced that philby has either murdered her himself or had her murdered um and yeah it doesn't seem that the gp did it and actually funnily enough as well peter wright puts it in one of the in one of the released documents there's a interview between peter right and Anthony Blunt later on and Peter White says to Blunt do you think Philby killed his wife?

49:03Blunt said I don't know but he's definitely ruthless enough to have done it Wow, wow what happened to the kids because Philby certainly wouldn't have been looking after him after the death of his wife Yeah so they stay in Britain with Eileen's sister Melanie Leroy and actually to be fair to Philby and I'm not often fair to Philby his letters home to his children and his concern for his children do seem very loving and unfeigned it's a it feels almost weird reading them because it's the moment where you actually feel some sympathy for it and there's one point where Philby's own sister writes him a letter saying um listen the children are bullied at school because of you they're unhappy because of you.

49:52None of them really understand why you've left them. I think maybe you should stop writing to them. This is destabilising. They're unhappy for the children. And then the older one even goes off the rails a bit. He gets arrested for breaking into an off-licence a bit later on. Yeah, it's a bit, it is sad. They're victims too, actually, because their mother's dead and their father's in Moscow. And they're being bullied at school because everybody knows their dad's a traitor and a spark. I did interview Charlotte Philby a while back about her grandfather and her visits to see him in Moscow. And it was interesting.

50:26You got a sort of different side to it. And I guess everybody has a different side to their family, to other things. But he was her grandfather, Grandpa Kimsky, I think they used to call him. I'm sure Charlotte Philby has her own memories of it. But in the files, and you see the letters when it's still raw it's very raw

50:53there'll be a link to charlotte philby's interview in the episode information do check that out well worth a listen the cambridge five starts to unravel with the venona decrypts can you just briefly outline what that is yeah the americans are running this top secret project called venona and this is based on the fact that soviet intelligence uses one-time pads to send messages across between its embassies and moscow to encrypt the messages and at one point in the early 1940s the factory making these one-time pads duplicates a few right which gives the american code breakers a tiny wrinkle to allow them to get into the messages so at the end of the 40s they start working out uh so getting into some of these telegrams and then it takes them a while to pin down the fact that there has been a spy in Washington.

52:01They are able to get into the telegrams from 1944 and 1945, when Donald McLean was in the Washington embassy. And Donald McLean was unbelievably at this late stage of the war, when Churchill and Roosevelt were trying to do what they could to stop Stalin's power grab and land grab. Donald McLean was giving the Soviets the personal correspondence between Churchill and Roosevelt. So Stalin could see everything. And this is all in the telegrams that begin to be decoded at the end of the 40s and into 1950. So they're aware that there's a spy, they just don't know who it is, right? So their first thought in the manner of the British Foreign Office is it must be foreigners employed at the embassy.

52:49So they spend ages investigating all the foreigners, like the cleaners and the whatever. And then they begin to realise, OK, no, it really must be one of us. So the net begins to draw ever closer to Donald McLean. Now, in late 1949, Philby is sent to the Washington embassy as liaison with the Americas, as MI6 guy in America, liaising there. and rather unbelievably it is clear now from declassified files that Philby was put on the team to investigate who this top secret mole could possibly be so Philby's doing what he can to muddy the waters like he casts some shade on this guy called Gore Booth who is very suspicious to the British Foreign Office because he's a teetotaler if you can imagine such a thing so he's doing what he can to muddy the waters but eventually in sort of April 1951 it becomes clear to Philby that MI5 they're going to go for Donald McLean very soon and prior to that Philby has been working on the resistance movements in the Baltics and the Ukraine yeah and Albania yeah And Albania as well.

54:13In fact, I've just done an interview with an author who's just written a book about CIN. Stephen Long. Yeah, I listened to it and I've read the book and it's brilliant. And he and I disagree on how far Philby was responsible. But yes, brilliant interview. Brilliant book. Do you buy it? Disagree agreeably, I think. Yes. There'll be a link to Stephen Long's interview in the episode information. Again, that's well worth a listen for his views on Philby's involvement in the betrayal of the Albanian resistance. Philby has been working on Albania, and obviously he's feeding some of that information, or if not all of that information, to the Soviets.

54:56And it's then getting routed to the Albanians and the MGB, as it was then in the Baltics and the Ukraine. And that's where your book opens as well with the description of those initial missions. It's a great opening to the book. And I think that this is where you highlight the cost of aspiring, the human cost, the personal cost of betrayal of friends. and when you total up that bill, it is huge, the implications of what, just five students from Cambridge University, the damage that they did. Yeah, absolutely. Both diplomatically and on the ground. There were two ways that they served Stalin's project.

55:48One was, as I say, giving him the edge in all the negotiations around what he was doing to consolidate his control in the East. And Donald MacLean... the personal correspondence of Bruce Valt and Churchill. Another of my favourite Donald McLean moments is when they set up NATO. They know how sensitive NATO is going to be to the Soviets. They know because we can see how sensitive NATO is to them today. So they have the initial discussions in a lead-lined room in the basement of the Pentagon. And they don't invite the French because the French are really leaky. And nobody's allowed to take notes.

56:26and the man who is charged by the British embassy in Washington with leading the British negotiations over the creation of NATO is Donald McLean. So Donald McLean is in the room, right? It's unbelievable. And then you've got the second strand, which is on the ground, this Philby portraying absolutely every operation that he can from Ukraine to Albania to Lithuania. And I go into all of that in great detail in the book can I use the Albanian secret police files to flesh that out and the Lithuanian files as well, which really helped me get a grasp on how the Soviets used basically Philby's information and kind of hyper-local anti-counterintelligence on the ground, the two things combining to basically totally flatten resistance across Eastern and Central Europe.

57:19Yeah, I think they were seismically important. I guess the obvious thought counter-batch is without them, would Stalin still have had an empire? And my argument is basically the single most important reason why Stalin ends up with an empire is the Red Army boots on the ground. And you can't get away from that. This is what matters. however he did have to consolidate that control and turn it into lasting political control and in the way that it did happen and the way that he did manage to do that the Cambridge Five were incredibly helpful and useful to that project.

58:01Antonia Senior:Hey it's Ryan Reynolds here from Mint Mobile now I was looking for fun ways to tell you that Mint's offer of unlimited premium wireless for$15 a month is back so I thought it would be fun if we made$15 bills. But it turns out that's very illegal. So there goes my big idea for the commercial. Give it a try at mintmobile.com slash switch. Upfront payment of$45 for three months, $90 for six months, or$180 for 12-month plan required. $15 per month equivalent. Taxes and fees extra. Initial plan term only greater than 50 gigabytes may slow when network is busy. See terms. Absolutely. So we go back to Washington.

58:39McLean is there. the Americans are on his trail Philby's there Incredibly Burgess is there as well raising merry hell in Washington getting a rest or getting the speeding tickets and all sorts and Philby realises that McLean's time is up Yeah, McLean is in London at this point he's been sent home from Cairo in disgrace as a terrible alcoholic and then is promoted to the head of the American Department. Burgess is in Washington because he got in trouble for being a terrible alcoholic, so he was promoted to join the Washington embassy. He makes a terrible hash of his time in Washington. It is not entirely clear if Burgess faked the last showdown that got him sent home in disgrace, which involved, as you say, like a car and a boy and alcohol, or whether it was just coincidence and happenstance that he is still not quite clear.

59:42So he goes home and he tells McLean, you are being watched. Your time is up. Now, absolutely amazingly, we now have all the reports from the MI5 watchers who were watching Donald McLean in the days leading up to the defection. So he'd been quite well behaved before Burgess's return. And then we know the day that Burgess told him. They don't know that it's Guy Burgess, but they know that he goes to lunch with someone. They know. They then watch Dorma MacLean get absolutely rolling drunk. They watch him end up in this bar in Shepherd's Market in London, which I've been to, it's still there. where he gets even more drunk and he ends up basically with a woman called, that they call, the MIFO called Kay.

1:00:36And then the night that he finds out he's about, his entire life is about to implode and he's about to be arrested as a Soviet spy, Donald McLean is watched getting into a taxi with Kay and heading off into the night. And the MIFO watchers say they're not entirely sure, but they think that Kay was sitting on Donald McLean's knee. So that's how he responds. Meanwhile, his wife, Melinda, who knows all about him being a Soviet spy, is at home and eight and a half months pregnant. Although possibly not with Donald McLean's child, I discovered in the course of my research. It was possibly somebody else's.

1:01:12But anyway, I don't know if McLean knows that. So, yeah, there we have it. He's told. And then for the next two weeks, MI5 are watching. And we have all the reports. we have them getting deeply concerned about Guy Burgess because they work out who he is and Donald McLean and him keep meeting they're looking agitated and conspiratorial we have an unbelievable document where the MI5 watchers they know that Guy Burgess is good friends with Guy Liddle who's their boss right he's at this point he's deputy head of MI5 they go to Guy Liddle and they say look Guy Burgess keeps meeting Donald McLean and they're looking really dodgy and really conspiratorial and Guy Liddell says oh that's just Guy that's what he's like so MO5 just stop worrying about Guy concentrate on McLean so the MO5 guy isn't entirely sure about this so he goes to the head of security at the foreign office a guy called George Kerry Foster and he says to Kerry Foster we're worried about Guy Burgess.

1:02:11Kerry Foster says Guy Burgess always looks mad just ignore him concentrate on McLean so when a day later they see Guy Burgess in the street holding his head, like literally pacing up and down, looking like he's going to kill someone. They just leave him to it. The very next day, McLean and Burgess. Defect. Yeah, extraordinary scenes. But that's the whole story of the Cambridge Five, is it's just guy being guy. People always get drunk. The amount of alcohol that's consumed in this book is phenomenal. and it's chaps just don't spy for the communists you know they just don't do that i know there is so much booze in this but in that i actually i'm an enthusiastic boozer but i actually stopped drinking for four months because i just was like so like irritated by their constantly appalling behavior and i was like oh god these middle-aged people getting drunk and behaving appallingly i I thought, I don't want to be like them.

1:03:14So I actually came off it. There's one night in Istanbul where Burgess and Philby and Philby's mistress, Esther, drink between them 52 brandies in one session. Wow. Wow. I'm sure you were intoxicated by the details you were getting from the National Archives and the Albanian Archives and Lithuanian Archives to need any alcoholic stimulation there. Pretty much. There is so much more in the book. We've skated across the surface of what's in the book, but there is a lot more. I found it a really good read. I learned a lot about the Cambridge Five that I didn't know. And I've read quite a few books, as you can imagine, being Cold War Conversations.

1:04:00And it was fascinating, tragic, funny, shocking in so many ways. But it definitely comes Cold War Conversations recommended. what i'll do is i'll probably add a proper outro to that rather than do that one you've just done okay i'll leave that one in but that was great fun i really enjoyed that we covered quite a lot hopefully you enjoyed it as well i did it's lovely to talk to someone who really knows the stuff want to learn more don't miss the episode extras such as curated videos photos and other content just look for the link in the episode description special thanks to the generous efforts of our financial supporters who keep the show on the air if you'd like to join this select band go to coldwarconversations.com slash donate the cold war conversation continues in our facebook discussion group just search for cold war conversations in facebook thanks very much for listening and see you next week

1:05:37Antonia Senior:The End Uh, sorry, I think there's been a mistake. I bought it from Carvana. You what? Yeah, great price. I even have seven days to love it or return it. So there's no... No, no buyer's remorse. More like buyers rejoice. Ugh, I guess I'll let myself out. Congratulations. I mean it. Buyers rejoice. Buy your car today on Carvana. Limitations and exclusions may apply. See our seven-day return policy at Carvana.com. Not enjoying the ads? Well, you can avoid them by going to coldwarconversations.com slash donate by becoming a monthly or annual supporter. You'll enjoy ad-free listening, become a part of our community, receive the sought-after Cold War Conversations drinks coaster and bask in the warm glow of knowing that you're helping to preserve Cold War history.

1:06:24Just go to coldwarconversations.com slash donate for more information.

From the publisher

Antonia Senior’s new book, "Stalin’s Apostles", challenges what you may have believed about the Cambridge Five, a group of British citizens who spied for the Soviet Union.

Antonia argues that their actions during the Cold War have long been romanticised in popular culture., however, the reality is far more complex and tragic.

Kim Philby, Donald Maclean, Guy Burgess, Anthony Blunt, and John Cairncross, were not merely glamorous rogues; their espionage activities had dire consequences for countless individuals in Eastern and Central Europe.

Antonia challenges the traditional narrative that often portrays them as victims of circumstance, highlighting instead the profound impact their betrayals had on nations and individuals who suffered under Stalinist regimes.

Drawing on recently released MI5 documents and various international archives, the episode sheds light on the meticulous research that uncovers the broader implications of the Cambridge Five's actions.

Buy the book and support the podcast here https://amzn.to/4uTaRxi

Linked Episodes.

To Catch a Spy – How the Spycatcher Affair Brought MI5 in from the Cold https://coldwarconversations.com/episode361/

CIA and MI6 Covert Action in Communist Albania at the Dawn of the Cold War https://coldwarconversations.com/episode459/

Burgess and the Cambridge Five Spy Ring https://coldwarconversations.com/episode148/

Charlotte Philby talks about her grandfather Soviet spy Kim Philby & her book “Edith & Kim” https://coldwarconversations.com/episode228/

The Cambridge Five Spy Ring: Philby, Burgess, Maclean, Blunt & Cairncross https://coldwarconversations.com/episode423/

An evening with Kim Philby https://coldwarconversations.com/episode186/

Curated video extras⁠ ⁠https://coldwarconversations.com/episode462

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