676: Michael W. Twitty Went Deep On American Southern Food

25 Oct 2025 · 53 min

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Podcast Summary: This Is TASTE - Episode 676: Michael W. Twitty Went Deep On American Southern Food

Episode Overview In this episode of *This Is TASTE*, hosts Aliza Abarbanel and Matt Rodbard welcome Michael W. Twitty, a renowned culinary historian and author of multiple award-winning books, including *The Cooking Gene* and *Recipes from the American South*. Twitty discusses his latest work, an encyclopedic guide to Southern cuisine, which combines historical insights with a diverse collection of recipes.

Key Segments

Introduction

  • Hosts: Aliza Abarbanel and Matt Rodbard
  • Guest: Michael W. Twitty
  • Theme: Deep dive into Southern food culture and Twitty's new book.
  • Opening Segment: "Three Things" where hosts discuss exciting trends in restaurants and cookbooks.

Three Things

  1. Ceres Pizzeria, NYC:
  2. Hosts discuss their visit to Ceres and their thoughts on the pizza, highlighting its unique flavor development and structure.
  1. Long Island Bar:
  2. Matt shares his experience with fried cheese curds, claiming they are some of the best he has ever had.
  1. Madcap Coffee:
  2. Aliza praises Madcap Coffee from Michigan, emphasizing its quality and unique processes.
  1. Raazi Tea:
  2. Discussion of a new tea brand from Brooklyn, noting its special Indian breakfast blend.
  1. Spicewalla's New Olive Oil:
  2. Matt shares excitement about the launch of Spicewalla's Umbrian olive oil and its packaging.
  1. Big Night's New Location:
  2. Announcement of Big Night’s expansion to the Upper East Side, featuring a unique shopping experience.

Interview with Michael W. Twitty

  • Early Food Memories: Twitty shares a humorous but impactful childhood experience regarding chitlins and their cultural significance.
  • Culinary Identity:
  • Twitty emphasizes the importance of understanding Southern food beyond stereotypical representations, advocating for a nuanced view that recognizes Southern food's diversity.
  • Cultural Influences:
  • Discussion on the blend of African, Indigenous, and European influences in Southern cooking, and the need to honor all contributions to the culinary landscape.
  • Historical Context:
  • Twitty dives into how Southern cuisine must be understood in relation to its history, particularly the changes over time due to migration and cultural exchanges.
  • Recipe Selection Process:
  • Elaborates on the challenges faced when selecting recipes for his book, including the need to represent a wide variety of dishes while maintaining authenticity.
  • Contemporary Southern Food:
  • Critiques the current state of Southern food culture, noting a lack of innovative dish creation and the tendency towards culinary gimmicks rather than authentic dishes.
  • Southern Names and Linguistic Richness:
  • Discusses the poetic and rich linguistic traditions associated with Southern food that reflect cultural heritage and familial connections.

Key Takeaways

  • Southern Food is Diverse: There is no monolithic Southern cuisine; it is influenced by various cultures that have historically contributed to its evolution.
  • Personal Connection to Food: Twitty emphasizes the personal and emotional connections tied to food, illustrating how memories shape culinary identity.
  • Future of Southern Food: There is a need for innovation and a broader cultural acceptance of the evolving nature of Southern cuisine.
  • Culinary Heritage: It is vital to recognize and respect the contributions of women and marginalized communities to Southern food traditions.

Conclusion Michael W. Twitty's work encourages a deeper understanding of Southern food that respects its history, diversity, and cultural significance. His insights not only illuminate the culinary landscape of the South but also invite listeners to appreciate the rich stories behind the recipes.

Further Listening For those interested in the themes discussed in this episode, listeners are encouraged to check out Michael W. Twitty's books, as well as previous episodes of *This Is TASTE* focusing on food history and culture.

--- This summary captures the essence of the conversation while highlighting key points and themes that resonate with audiences interested in culinary history and Southern cuisine.

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Transcript

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0:00This episode is brought to you by Resi and American Express. Resi is a digital platform that connects restaurants to restaurant lovers by elevating dining experiences, providing original industry content, and helping to fill some of the country's most exciting dining rooms. Because restaurants have always been more than just places to eat. The amazing world of restaurants is just a few taps away in the Resi app and at resi.com.

0:31And I did not want a book based on the Confederate Southern identity. Because in the Confederate Southern identity, I am three-fifths of a human being. So bump that. I wanted to make sure people understood. There's this false division between Southern and soul. Not all soul is Southern, right? Yeah. And not all Southern is soul. This is Taste. I'm your host, Eliza Barbanel.

1:22It's a delight having Michael on the show to talk about bringing this book to life. And at the top of the show, it's the return of three things, where Eliza and I talk about what is exciting us in the world of restaurants, cookbooks, and the food world as a whole.

1:38Eliza, we are back with three things. How are you? I'm good, Matt. Do you want to go first? Yeah, definitely. I went to Ceres, finally, the pizza. I'll give a quick scene report. I went there. The caveat is I went there for a sweet green activation, So it wasn't like full service. I planned to go back and actually buy a full pie and enjoy the full speed Cirrus or series by Cirrus. I think that's right, Cirrus. I really like it. I really like it. I think that the flavor development in the dough is very, very obvious and clear. It's a darker pie than I was expecting. I saw some photos online, but I think that day they were even going darker.

2:17And I think that was a real strength to it. To remind folks, this is the pizzeria from 11 Madison Park. That's Julian Gelmacher and Jake Serbnik. And it's on Mott Street in Little Italy. And it's tiny, but I would say by all accounts, it's worth it to go there and try these pies. What I really liked about the pie as well is the structure. When you hold up the slice, it doesn't really sag. It really holds up. And it's really that beautiful, thin, thin, ultra thin crust. that has structure and crunch. Very hard to do. We've all had pizza. We all know the floppy pizzas that you can get that are great, but this is not one of them.

2:58And I loved it. I can't wait to go back. I think the closest connection is Joe's on Bleeker to me, just as like that inspiration is clearly there. But I liked it. What's your first thing? Well, my first thing is that I went to Long Island Bar, which is a place I go to a lot, but I had something there that I'd never ordered before, which was the fried cheese curds. Oh. Have you had those? Not there. I have a long history with fried cheese curds in my day. So you're a cheese curd expert, I would say, despite our lengthy time that we spent in Wisconsin together. I'm not necessarily super into cheese curds.

3:32But these cheese curds that I had were incredible. I think they were the best cheese curds I've ever had. They were super light and, like, not too heavy. And they had a little bit of kind of goo because of the fry. But it wasn't too, like, mozzarella-stick level of lava. It was just kind of the perfect cheese curd. And I think a lot of people go to Long Island Bar and just get a burger and fries, which I understand. But I just needed to spread the gospel a little bit. Love that. Was there any dipping sauce included? Yeah, they do have like a ranch-like dipping sauce, I think, to dip it in. Yeah.

4:04It was good. That's a great choice. Yeah. I like a cheese curd that is like fried a la minute and doesn't have too much batter. And it sounds like that's being achieved here. Yeah, it was the platonic ideal of a cheese curd, in my opinion. Very cool. What's your next thing? My next thing is I want to shout out a coffee roaster in West Michigan called Madcap Coffee. I made a friend on a recent taste travels and this friend sent me a couple bags. Thank you so much. That was really kind of you. And it's a reminder that this is one of our country's finest roasters. I love what they're doing. As a reminder, they're headquartered in Grand Rapids, Michigan.

4:40They have cafes in Grand Rapids and Detroit and up north in Leland. and they have been operating the roastery since 2008. So it has a long history. And it's really, I think on the national coffee scene, it might not get as much attention. It could be because it's in West Michigan and not LA or New York, et cetera. But the coffees I tried, and I tried two of them are spectacular. One is from Yeni Reynoso at Finca Vista Hermosa. It's a Colombian geisha and it uses honey processing and it's really drinks, really, really, the roasting is everything and it's very light. So we're tasting the agriculture in the best way.

5:21And the other coffee was Elirio Munoz Ortega and that was a washed coffee that was a more straightforward Colombian that I love that those types of coffees, those washed Colombian coffees are some of my favorites. And when they're handled with care as they are at Madcap, highly recommend it. Both are available online. I'm linking to the store in the show notes. And I just love Metcap. Yeah, that sounds great. I will keep in the beverage direction for my next thing, which is I had some tea that I really enjoyed from a new tea brand here in Brooklyn called Razzie Tea. I first started trying their tea because Arjun, who's the founder, started selling chai kind of outside the Fort Greene Farmers Market.

6:03Hot and cold over the summer. Super delicious. and I just love someone who wants to set up on the sidewalk, really like talk with people, get live feedback about what they're doing. They have an Indian breakfast blend, which is not a spice chai, just an English breakfast style blend. He's kind of trying to reclaim that name, although I think it's been a little bit of a marketing problem because people read Indian breakfast blend and assume that it is chai, but it is just this beautiful blend of awesome tea, darjeeling and Ceylon tea from Sri Lanka. So it does make a very good chai, as I can attest based on the chai that Arjuna is making at the market.

6:38But I just made some at home, like just drink it black, delicious. What's your tea setup at home? I've never asked you. I just have like a gooseneck kettle and so many teas, like more teas than anyone should have. I believe the teas are labeled tea, tea continued, and then tea part three because I have three different boxes of it. I love that. But I definitely am like a winter tea. I think in the summer I'll make iced tea occasionally, like a barley tea or something like that. But in the winter, I'm always a little cold. So I'm just kind of constantly drinking different teas. Another just tea-related thing that I want to do is I was having dinner with Ham and Sola al-Waley, and I was having this really good rice that Ham had made that tasted almost like a barley or like a, you know, mixed grain rice.

7:24But it was just white rice. And when I asked him about it, he said that he had leftover barley tea, cold barley tea, that he just used as the basis to make the rice, which made total sense, but it's not something that I've done before. So that's my next kind of tea-related. Keep the extra tea. Yeah, make rice with your extra tea. Yeah, wonderful. I have a lot of corn tea that I like to drink, like the Korean corn tea, and I feel like it would be really delicious to make rice with the corn tea. Yeah, the tea sometimes is poured over the stone bowls in Korea, and it's blended together at the final moments of a meal.

7:55Yeah, I mean, you can do like that kind of steeped rice tea thing, or you could just mix the dry rice with the tea. And cook it with it. And cook it, which is mostly what I want to do. But maybe I'll try both. No, I like cooking with tea. That's really smart. I love that. What's your last thing? My last thing is my friend, the chef Marijuana, Ronnie, runs this terrific spice company, Spicewala. You may have seen it. It's kind of everywhere. Congrats on those guys. They just launched an olive oil, which I think is a really cool evolution for Spicewala. And I really like this olive oil. And for the record, it is not available in a squeeze bottle.

8:32It is zagging where everyone is zigged. It is in a wonderful 17-ounce tin, a beautiful vessel to have on your counter. This olive oil is from Umbria, and it's very flavorful. I would call it, you can definitely cook with it, but I would hold it back for vinaigrettes or drizzling on vegetables. That's definitely the way I would do it. I actually did cook with it recently, and I did some dill mashed potatoes with it, which I love, just boiling potatoes, throwing in a lot of dill, and then adding great olive oil and salt and pepper. And it was a terrific use for that. So that is the Spicewala Extra Virgin Olive Oil, really terrific product.

9:14I love the sound of dill mashed potatoes, too. So good. What's your last thing? My last thing is that there is a new location of Big Night on the Upper East Side. Yeah, saw that. I don't know if you've heard about this expansion. I've heard about it. It's cool. It's, I think, really interesting to watch Big Night. If people aren't familiar with the store or haven't listened to the episode that I did with Catherine Lewin when they had their book come out, this is a kind of entertaining-focused store. Their first location is in Greenpoint. They have one in the West Village. And now they're kind of moving uptown as well.

9:43And they offer this really cool blend of like home goods, tabletop stuff, some like pantry essentials as well. And every store is kind of laid out differently. But the one on the Upper East Side is very much like a shoppable apartment kind of experience. There's a kitchen with a kitchen section, this built-in glassware bar, a dining room and a pantry. And they have their own mix of like their own house product line that I think they're expanding. Kind of signature brands like Sabra, who's tortoise shell. So flatware is always something I covet if anyone is listening and wants to get me a birthday gift coming up.

10:17Sophie Lou Jacobson glassware. Lots of other things. I've mentioned on the show recently my love of the tiny dollhouse store. It is very close to what I believe is the new Big Night location. So if people wanted to go get like tiny versions of the big things that they're getting, that could be fun. I love Big Night. I go every year to the West Village location around the holidays for shopping. And I'll definitely buy their pasta candles. I typically buy a couple of those. The pasta candles that are shaped like a... Shaped like pastas. Yes. Terrific gift. And I love that these experiences are like walking through a home.

10:55It's really, really cool. Yeah, I think you're right. It's so good for gifting, especially if you're buying something for somebody who, you know, kind of has what they need or has like a specific point of view, like guaranteed to find something that feels like it would be at home in their home. Speaking of your birthday, what's the birthday plan? Well. Because you asked. My birthday is three days after my girlfriend Shirley's birthday. So we are combining our birthdays this year and throwing a big birthday party for all of our friends just so that people don't have to, you know, go super hard back to back.

11:30Yeah. We are hiring a magician for the birthday party. Wonderful. Because I think magicians are like a new kind of trendy thing to have at parties. I think like there's something about this moment in time where AI, generative AI is so prominent. Like we're seeing things all the time that we're not really sure if they're real or not. I think there's something really cool about seeing something that you know is fake but that you can't catch it and that it's happening in real life. And we were at a party and we saw this magician who was doing sleight of hand card tricks and just thought she was so cool and wanted to see our friends like lose their mind over these card tricks.

12:02I love card tricks. So this is not an open to the public event. But if you are a— No link in show notes. No link in show notes. But if you are a good friend, then hopefully I'll see you there. And maybe we'll get some footage of the sleight of hand to go on my Instagram at some point. Well, happy early birthday, Eliza. Thank you. Have fun. Happy Scorpio season to us all, almost. Thanks for sharing your three things. Yeah, you too.

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13:53Support the show by mentioning us at checkout. Terms and conditions apply. From February 20th to March 7th, dive into Canada's biggest culinary festival, Montreal en Lumière, an exclusive partnership with the McCord Stewart Museum and its exhibition, On the Menu Montreal, a restaurant story. The 2026 festival invites food lovers on a flavorful journey through time. Montreal's top restaurateurs will reimagine 65 years of the city's iconic astronomy, crafting inventive, nostalgia-inspired dishes with a modern twist. Prepare your palate. World-renowned chefs, including several Michelin-starred talents, will team up with over 80 of Montreal's finest local chefs to create unforgettable, one-of-a-kind menus.

14:39The full program is available at MontrealOnLumiere.com Presented by Lotto Quebec in collaboration with National Bank. Hi there, it's Matt, co-host of the show. We are currently running a This Is Taste listener survey, and we'd love to hear from you. Do you have a guest request? A restaurant you wish we'd visit to talk about on three things? What about a lesser-known cookbook author who deserves a spot in our studio chair? You can let us know by clicking the link in our show notes to complete the survey. It will only take a couple minutes, I swear, and will help us continue to make the best show possible.

15:16That's the This Is Taste listener survey. Link in our show notes. Michael W. Twitty, This Is Taste. Thank you for coming on the podcast. Well, thank you so much. I'm glad to be here. I'm really excited to have you in the studio. I've been a fan of your books for a while, especially this new one. And before we get into that, I often ask my guests to share an early food memory from growing up. When reading this book, Recipes from the American South, it seems like you had a lot of early food memories that were maybe at play, but I'm wondering if there's one that you'd want to share.

15:49Chitlins, otherwise known as the small intestine of the pig. Two people in my house ate them, three people actually. My father, my uncle, and my grandfather and my grandmother would prepare them. And they were park chitlins, which came in a plastic container. And they were disgusting. They looked disgusting. And I'm not kidding you that on at least three occasions, my mother took me to the National Zoo. and the joke was that the National Zoo had a better fragrance than our home when my grandmother made. My grandmother couldn't stand them, and that's because my grandmother, less because of what they were, more because when they had hog killing time, it was the young girl's job to squeeze them out of any remaining fecal matter.

16:42So, yeah, that left an indelible impression in my mind the rest of my life. What was the impression besides the fact that you didn't like them? I think it was my first step towards Judaism. But they were really, oh, they looked gross. They smelled gross. And the smell of the house, no matter what you put on them or in them, I think it was combination of the vinegar, the onion, and no matter how much you clean them, they would just never clean it off. Yeah. I think a lot of people listening would be like, poor contestant, how is that your first step towards Judaism? I mean, I half joke, but it was really just like, because, I mean, Chitlins are like informally a very strong signifier of the black Southern heritage.

17:32Because it's about survival and joy and making the best out of what you have and being attached to the land. Yeah. And I've found other ways to do that outside of chitlins, which you can obviously do. Yeah. Yeah. No, I think that's right. And I feel like there are so many, you know, chopped liver, gefilte fish, a lot of Jewish staple foods that I grew up with that I didn't like, but my family ate. And I remember, like, I don't know if you ever did this with chitlins, but really trying to be like, I'm going to keep eating chopped liver until I like it because, like, everyone else around me is doing it.

18:09And, like, I feel like that's the way I have to do it. But I honestly still don't really like it. Have you ever had pichah? No. What is that? Pichah is, it goes by a couple other names in Yiddish. But pichah was the, if people still make it, it's calves foot jelly. Oh. Okay. And the only thing that makes it any better, and I've only had a little tiny, you know, as much garlic as you can throw at it. Yeah, that's how that works. I feel like garlic does right by a lot of things. It does. It's an angel. So this book, Recipes from the American South, is your fourth book. But to me, it seems like there are threads of it that have appeared in other projects you've worked on.

18:54I'm curious when you began kind of developing the idea for this book in earnest. So Emily Takutis, editor at Fiden, reached out to me to find an author, preferably a young author, preferably somebody who wasn't, you know, off the shelf type for these books, preferably someone who was starting out. And frankly, I was like, OK, well, I'll look around. I did. Nobody wanted to do it. Then I said, well, let me find a partner so I can write with. That was difficult. And then eventually nobody wants to do it. And then she was like, you know what? Hold on. I got Michael Twitting in front of me. Obviously, you can do this.

19:34So why not try? And I said, OK. And then I thought about like my life experience. You know, you obviously were ever seeing the cooking gene, rice, which is part of the Southern cookbook series that UNC Press did, Savoring the South, and then Kosher Soul, all of which have elements of Southern history, Southern food, and, you know, the basic pieces. and at that point I didn't really understand my own self-worth in this and I was like oh right I've been to Europe several times I've sought out the parts of you know British food French food Germanic food that came to the south I've been to West Africa now eight times I've read all these books my entire life.

20:24I mean, it's not usual that five, six, seven-year-old kids are watching cooking shows on PBS. And then it becomes 10, 12, 13, 14. And then somewhere around, you switch over to the Food Network and read the books, did the work, interviewed all four of my grandparents as I was growing up. And then some of the discomfort towards the legend of the cooking gene was me and my former partner, Jacob, me, rest in peace, traveling, you know, the entire breadth of the South. So at what point between the Vietnamese gardeners in New Orleans and the Mennonite sorghum farmers and all the people in between, did I not have the chops to do this?

21:07And that's something, I mean, I guess for someone who's still relatively younger, and I still look good for 48. Thank you so much. It's hard to see yourself because you've seen people who are twice, three times your age do the work, but they have money and they have experiences. But wait a minute, I was like, wait a minute, you are organically prepared for this. This doesn't come from a class, come from a school, doesn't come from someone blessing you or making you. You did this because you wanted to. Now write this book. It's your thesis. It really is. It's like an encyclopedia. It has so much breadth in terms of what you're covering and the kinds of recipes and the families and the stories.

21:50And you write a little bit about how the American South isn't a culinary monolith. I'm curious what you would say the key influences are and how you went about trying to both highlight these threads and then also see how they become woven together. I wanted to make sure The first thing was to write down the recipes that I wanted to do, to list them out. That's all. I'm ashamed to say I forgot fried okra, but that's why God made kohl nidra. But yeah, I went through all the whole thing of like, okay, so I did include the chitlins and the pig feet, right? Also included possum and sweet potatoes, which I hope nobody ever makes.

22:32and I just kind of went through what are the dishes and the recipes that are essential. This book is written for English speakers that are global, particularly North America and Europe, right? So you have to kind of like think about what people have access to. I strongly disagree with some of the European editors' suggestions like Lyle's Golden Sirt for Sorkum Sirt. No, ma 'am. That's crazy. I'm sorry. Or calling the linguistic terms like black-eyed peas are always called black-eyed beans. In the book, you say black-eyed beans, also known as black-eyed peas. I'd never heard of the beans before.

23:15Yeah, that's how they do over there. So it was done to be an international book. I'm like, ugh. But, I mean, going through, I want to make sure that all the indigenous African, West Central African, Western, Northern European cultures were there, but also Asian cultures in the South. A little bit, since I did so much for Kosher Soul, I didn't do Coca-Cola brisket because unless you actually spell out why, it's Jewish Southern. Now, matzah ball gumbo could have been one. I could have, but that was a little. Those of you who've done cookbooks, you understand this. Cookbooks aren't, oh, I have a fun recipe.

23:55I'm just going to jot it down. Then somebody will publish it. Nah, they got it tested. They got to make sure it's this and that. And by the way, by the time you get done with that book, it's still going to have missing pieces and mistakes. So I did Sephardic pink rice because I had red rice. And I noticed after a while I was doing a lot of that pairing, right? So pink rice, red rice, mock shoe from Louisiana, succotash from the eastern seaboard south. Okra soup, okra gumbo, you get it, and so on. So these foods that are quite similar, but read very differently to the people who know them intimately.

24:32So that was my big goal, was to make sure I had the culture, the breadth of cultures from Kurdish to Salvadoran to, you know, Chinese, Mississippi, Delta folks, to making sure that the recipe showed not just one version, but how different dishes morph across space and time. Yeah, I thought seeing that evolution was a really special part of it. I'm blanking on the name of the dish right now, but you have a beignet recipe and then you have it's a rice-based beignet. Yeah, kala. Yeah, I'd never heard of that before. Yeah, kala is from Louisiana. And so the word comes from wundabakala, which means in the southwestern part of Cameroon, which is the English-speaking part of Cameroon, it means beans of the Europeans, which is how they thought of Asian rice because their rice was red if they saw it through trade.

25:31And so kala also comes from the word akara, which more people know from Nigerian food. But it's not just Nigerian. It's all the cultures that lived in that area, the best speakers and the Yoruba speakers and et cetera. And so there are the cookbook that I initially researched many years ago said, oh yeah, on the streets of New Orleans, the people, the black women sell these rice fritters in the morning for breakfast. And you can also, it says you can also get ones made out of congri, which is black eyed peas. So that's very powerful because these are both fritters from a West African background where the name is preserved, like the word fevee in New Orleans means okra.

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26:20And it's like, oh, they are making black-eyed pea fritters in Louisiana, too, and I made them in Virginia and South Carolina. The problem, why did I include the recipe specifically? It's not easy to translate into something. I'm not a, I'm not a, I was never the person to do the first, do this second, do this third, do this. And some of these recipes, you don't always get a consistent result. And so I don't want people complaining at me. Like I know how to do it and I can just do it from years of experience. But to be honest with you, the African version means you take off the entire skin of the black IP and then you mash them and then you make them.

27:04Okay. Right. Then the Virginia version is you don't do none of that, but you kind of mash them. But you can probably tell unless you get it down as a skill, you're going to have some peas floating in some of this and sometimes they'll be consistent. So I didn't want to put myself through that. But kala are a wonderful recipe. I did them for the first time with Jose Andres and his class a couple of years ago. Cool. So it was really nice. Yeah, I feel like it must have been really difficult to think of all the recipes that should be in the book and then the ones that you really want to spend time on.

27:39And also thinking about like this cliche that often can come up around Southern food and what Southern food is or isn't. How did you go about trying to like avoid that kind of stereotype? The first thing was I told the photography people, I said, no red and white checkerboard tablecloths. Yeah, there isn't any. For for your sakes. No, because I didn't want people to start hearing harmonicas in their head. As they flipped in the cookbook, I didn't want that kind of, you know, rustic folksy vibe because not all Southern food is rustic and folksy. You know, we're also one thing I did not say, which I wanted to say, but I kind of didn't have a way to properly way to say it is how performative Southern identity can be.

28:22it's not it's not so that everything came down from the past so for example people you know when you watch movies somebody has a southern accent that's that's from some person most of the time who trained them in that but as you go to go to the south for example in in virginia is monticello in georgia is monticello these are shibboleths good bible vocabulary word shibboleths used to distinguish between the Northern and a Southerner. And these are all post-Civil War. And I did not want a book based on the Confederate Southern identity, because in the Confederate Southern identity, I am three-fifths of a human being.

29:03So bump that. I wanted to make sure people understood. There's this false dichotomy, division between Southern and soul. Not all soul is Southern. right yeah and not all southern is soul but they are been in venn diagram with each other obviously but i didn't want to have a book where it was just obvious like those those tropes came marching right after you turned the cover yeah i i mean i love talking about the words that we use for things and how that comes into play and in the book you also talk about there's a difference between Cajun and Creole. Cajun are the people who were exiled from Acadia, from Nova Scotia.

29:46Not all of them left. And those who came down, I think it was 1 ,700 people become the multiple thousands who are the Cajun people of Louisiana today. And what's interesting, what's very powerful about that is that I think people think that they brought their culture wholesale and they had already like interacted with the micmac and other indigenous groups in canada but when they get to south louisiana they're living on the margins you know the swamp the bayou and the river flood the floodplain and a lot of their cultural influences that were not you know french came from the chinamacha the choctaw choctaw and of course uh enslaved africans That's where the rice and the gumbo and the okra and the hot peppers.

30:34But Cajun food is very rural. Creole food was always very cosmopolitan. But these cultures also did mix and exchange over time. And it's just another key example of people migrate, they mix, and they morph. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Something I was really struck by when reading is you're talking about how the garden and the growing season in the South is like really what influenced Southern vegetable traditions. Could you speak about that a little bit? Sure. If you live in the deep east of Texas, it's a really long growing season. It's anywhere from nine to 12 months. You know, springtime in the deep east of Texas is, you know, January, late January, early February.

31:26whereas if you are living in the Chesapeake region or the Piedmont, you're feeding animals and doing not much else. In Appalachia, you're doing nothing, but you're tapping maple. All these other things, you might be growing some greens, but not likely. You know what I'm saying? So South Florida, Marjorie Keenan Rawlings of Cross Creek fame, they're growing oranges. That tradition is very old there. so it's like where you lived really determined what you grew and also what vegetables were available when so for us in virginia and you know also nearby merlin okra is late july through early october whereas if you're in mississippi okra is way earlier and finishes way earlier So those things will determine.

32:22And not everybody had everything. That's really important to talk about. Like, for example, everybody thinks everybody had collard greens. They didn't. In fact, collards were growing in Hanover County, Virginia, which is about an hour away from me, give or take. And then, but yet, people didn't have collards without a common crop maybe 30 miles west. Hmm. So can you imagine, places you can drive to within, you know, an hour and a half today, people never even heard of a certain vegetable in that time. Yeah, and then also the meat preservation, meat smoking tradition also partially right about comes back to this really long, warm growing season.

33:08That also means you can't just be keeping your meat outside during that period of time. Right. You have to do it in the deep cold of the winter. Right. I don't think any of us really understand what that would have meant and what that was like. To do that, and we also understand that climate and weather change and that there was a little ice age period that was at the start. But, of course, because of industrialization and other things, the hottest years the South knew to that point historically, of course, showed up right on time for antebellum slavery. Right on time. And it was just like, OK, so how do you do this?

33:52How do you wait until, you know, January, even early February to, you know, and it was a massive effort. So we, you know, it's a constant evolving thing. I've debated whether or not I'm going to try to do a full-on cultural history of Southern food. I mean a massive 800-page. I was going to say, this book is already 400 pages. Right? I'm like, what are you going to do with 400 more pages? I believe you could fit a lot in there because reading the book, like, you have these recipes, you have these essays. It's clear that they're rooted in conversations with people. I don't even, like, know how to talk about that because I imagine that it must have been such a lengthy process.

34:33But I'm curious if there's anything that you thought about or maybe reframed that surprised you when you were working on the book. The first thing was to edit. Edit my memories. Edit my research. Edit my mind. Because, yes, this could have been, you know, 400 recipes at least and much longer. But, you know, something, everybody needs to understand this. Again, you're not taking a bunch of grandma recipes that are just jotted down and then adding some language and bim, bam, boom, it's easy to write a cookbook. This is basically 18 to 36 hours, give or take, per long recipe. Now, if it's the brubs and the sauces, nah, that wasn't 18 hours.

35:16But those cakes, right? Yeah. The pies, some of the longer, like the roast turkey, these things, things that people going quibble about. It's not, you know, sure. The way they did those cookbooks back in the day was they just kind of, you know, regurgitated, plagiarized. And whatever else, and bam, bam, boom, you're in a cookbook. This is different. Some of these recipes literally are 18 to 36 hours of work. And I imagine also, like, you're thinking about the community people that's going to read this book. you write a little bit about how every recipe is different because people have family tradition, family preferences, but you know people are going to be looking at your cornbread recipe and saying, well, my family doesn't do the cornbread like that.

35:59Ma 'am. Ma 'am. And they're going to give me the New York Times treatment, which is, oh, well, you know, I make this recipe. Swapping kale. And I'm like, you know what? So I do try to provide variations when possible. and that's why there's so many daggone biscuit and cornbread recipes. There are a lot. Like hush puppies from Eastern North Carolina are very different from the ones that you might be used to getting elsewhere in the South because they're like this weird kind of like cheese curl kind of shape. And then, of course, hot water cornbread has a very different purpose and plan than the stuff in the skillet, right?

36:39And so you go through and you kind of work through, you know, cat head biscuits are really popular. Of course, you have to convince people who are not familiar that they don't actually contain any cat parts. Right. They're the size of a cat. Baby, when they say, I don't like cat. I don't like frogs. I don't want frog more stew. I said, no, frog more stew, boo-boo, is seafood boil. Well, I like that. But can I leave the frogs out? I'm like, oh, my God. Yeah. Can we talk about Southern names? I feel like there are so many, like, really fun, imaginative names for dishes, like Hoppin' John. Yeah. Because it's our family.

37:18The food is our family. The food has nicknames. You know, in a Southern family, you can go years without knowing the real name of a person. Because it's like, who the hell is that? So my uncle, who is my grandfather's junior, his nickname is Fat Boy. He is not a fat boy. He is a all he's pushing past 60. He's all muscle has always been that kind of person who, you know, but they that was kind of like a it's like an opposite name of what they actually are. Yeah. And so I when you're five or six years old, that's your uncle fat boy. What's up, boy? And then you keep calling this person's name. Then some one day somebody says Gonsley Jr.

38:05Who the hell is Gonsley Jr.? Oh, that's fat boy. like what so in the same way we could say okra and rice instead we say limp and susan we could say black eyed peas and rice instead we say hop and john we could say you know oh that sweet golden bread now we say sally lun and so on and so on and so on and so forth and so like in louisiana gets worse because it's like what kind of fish you gonna make two people what so oh man what is that um chew peak is bowfin okay which is a really prehistoric nasty ass fish it's not pleasant it's not great but it's like poor man's you know salmon to them um um there's another fish that sorry another term for snapping turtle and you know like a term for um heron which country people would eat.

39:03There's a poor little herons or poor big herons, whatever. But I guess the point is, is that there was a whole vocabulary about nature that was indigenous, French, and African Louisiana. In Gullah Geechee, there's words, different words that come from West Central African languages for animals or words that, here's the kicker, words that come from words that are translations of words from West Africa into English. So, in South Carolina, in George, what was it, Georgetown? Near Georgetown, South Carolina, I met a woman named Laura. And Laura, you know, really means some really good red rice and other things.

39:46And she said, I said, well, what are you going to catch? She said, I'm going to catch me a wildmouth. And I knew what she meant. And it was wild. It was like, oh, you mean a catfish, a wildmouth. A widemouth. But in Mende, which is one of my ancestral languages and roots, the word for catfish is the thing with the wide mouth. But they translate it in their mind into English and then use that clipping, womat. So it's fascinating. It's like I don't think New Englanders, Midwesterners or West Coast people, unless you're talking about Pacific Rim or Frontera border food, have that many daggone names.

40:26I mean, cioppino, which nobody knows who said cioppino first. It sounds Italian, but no Italian ever made cioppino, right? The seafood stew that they make in San Francisco. Sourdough bread is kind of hard to give that a name other than sourdough bread is what it is. But the point is, is I think that over time and because some of the cultures are so poetic, are so floral, that those that naming tradition emerged. And it's really unique. Yeah, I think it is so special and it speaks to the mythology of food and culture and the way that you can hold things dear so that they have a name that everybody knows to call it, even if someone that isn't from there doesn't know what it is.

41:06I wish I could think of on top of my mind that name of the snapping turtle, but I will text you and be like, four hours later and be like, oh, figured it out. Just send me the name and I'll have to remember that it's referencing a snapping turtle. I might be like, no, what is Michael sending me right now? Today's episode is brought to you by ButcherBox. As a food writer, I can be a little skeptical about subscription cooking boxes you hear about on podcasts. There's big talk about cooking simplicity, but you're usually left with disappointment after smashing that promo code. Now, Clayton, have you ever tried one of those subscription boxes?

41:42Yeah, Matt. My friend gave me a code for that one that has all the chopped vegetables in little baggies. I felt like a drug dealer trying to cook dinner. Yeah, man, I have so been there. ButcherBox is a true exception. I was sent a box of premium beef and pork and was blown away by the quality and variety. There was 100 % grass-fed pasteurized ribeye, tri-tip, and ground sirloin for my favorite at-home smash burger recipe. George Motes, you better watch your back. For pork, they sent me a beautiful center-cut pork loin for slow roasting. I was super impressed, and I haven't even talked about the ribs, which I cooked in my Instant Pot.

42:21There was a rub of salt, white pepper, and togarashi, and I pressure-cooked with water and apple cider vinegar. It was incredible. These ButcherBox ribs are amazing. For nearly a decade, ButcherBox has led the industry with meat and seafood that's antibiotic-free. As an exclusive offer, our listeners can get free protein in every box for a year plus$20 off your first box when you go to butcherbox.com slash taste. Visit butcherbox.com slash taste to get this limited time offer and free shipping always. That's butcherbox.com slash taste. Don't forget to use our link so they know we sent you. We talked a little bit about how the South is not rooted in the past.

43:05It's present and evolving. I'm curious if there's anything about contemporary Southern food that you're finding especially inspiring or interesting. Honestly, it's hard to do that because there's, you know, in restaurant culture, chef culture, you know, you say we're going to have a salad of blue crab, red field peas with a sorghum cane, vinegar, gastrique, and da-da-da-da. But it's not a, you know, that's a nice little listing of what's in there, but it's not a dish. You see what I'm saying? So we don't create dishes anymore. Yeah. We create lists of ingredients that are supposed to be cunning and cute and witty and novel, even though, you know, it says in the Bible, you know, there's nothing new under the sun.

43:54and I say that in that way because any southerner hearing this will understand that covering the particular that King James you know fundamentalist tradition like these are built into the culture right and so it's like oh yeah well yeah we don't so if you called it a name and create a tradition around it um that might be cool but because we don't have that anymore It's like, eh. And then other things you see people do, much to my chagrin, is if you want to have people complain, like Atlanta, Atlanta, I love you, but Atlanta has not actually succeeded in providing a pantry for the New South, the new, new, new South.

44:44I can give all due respect to the chefs there because Todd Ginsburg, Chef Dwayne Nutter, fantastic. Fantastic. But the thing about it is overall food culture, they're not making, you know, new dishes and new things. And typically, especially in terms of black food culture there, it's like how many lamb chops and salmon with like, you know, hot honey can we do? And I worry about that because, you know, this is America's largest cultural and culinary region. And it's time, has tradition and time, honor. It also has innovation, you know, in its way. But I worry also, third part is I worry about the fact that because of our cultural moment where this attempt to force us back to a monoculture, that is not conducive to great eating.

45:45Neither is getting rid of the people who cook the food. Neither is getting rid of the people who, you know, make the food new. On a last part to answer your question, it's like Sandra Gutierrez, I have two recipes. One's collard green empanadas in there. Other one is like the dirty rice. Yeah. And here's the thing. if you don't have a welcoming place where people can come into and contribute to the culture the food will not expand beyond its boxes and bubbles just my opinion i'm just sitting with this idea about creating new dishes still because i do think that is so interesting when you read historical books like these cakes that are being created or all of these dishes like i do feel like the only new things that I can think of being invented today are like the cronut or the like, what is it?

46:38The crookie? The like croissant? The crookie. The croissant cookie, I think. Wow. They have one down the block from here is what I would say. Of course, of course. I feel like it's a lot of gimmicky foods, but the idea of like creating a wholly new dish, I wonder if that is unique to the South or if it just feels like we're reached the point of food saturation and culture or like, are there even new dishes to be made? are there even new dishes to be made that's a good question of course sarah but we just don't it's like you see other cultures and they have these names and these embodiments and arguments over what's essential for this particular thing you know right and i have to do some more thinking about what creates a situation where it's almost like with words language, right?

47:27There's a whole, you know, was it the Institute or something in France where they, on the French language? Yes. Where they debate about what is, should be standard French. And on the one hand, that's maybe a little too precious for us. But on the other hand, I kind of wouldn't mind it. For food, you mean? For food, yes. For dishes. Yes. I mean, I think your point about, it's not, I think fusion maybe has this external perception, right? That it's somebody who's not a part of either culture combining them, but the natural ebb and flow that happens where immigration, displacement, whatever happens, people are cooking each other's food in something like a collard green empanada that's created.

48:05That is a dish in its own right. That's its own thing. So I think that that probably is where the new dishes are being created somewhere, hopefully. Yeah. I mean, in this space between where we have cultures. And also just the fact that we are, that's, I don't know, one of the great pains that I've experienced socioculturally is for people to kind of go, if you don't like the people, I like people's language and their culture and their customs, then why are you up in the grill about their food? It's kind of disrespectful, but it's also disrespectful to the idea of America. you know unless you consider the fact that we recombine and we remorph and that's just a part of the process or that these things that used to be completely when you've never known a time when sushi wasn't a thing when i was a little boy i remember sushi was yuppie food and i mean yuppie food in a very derisive way.

49:13Yeah. And then within seconds, sushi went from being this weird, foreign, odd food introduced during the, you know, way back when, but getting popularity outside of the Japanese community during the time of when Japanese business was everybody wanted in the 80s to not, I think, was it almost two thirds of all kosher restaurants? Let's think about that. Kosher restaurants have sushi on the menu. Not to mention the fact that teenagers go to take sushi to school for lunch. Not to mention the fact that people, they want a quick dinner. They've learned to make their own sushi at home. They have sushi at baseball stadiums.

49:55It's become the American, and not partially one of the reasons why sushi has always been relatively common in my experience is that I grew up in California. So things expand in that kind of way. Where you're eating food from the Pacific Rim as well as the borderland in California food. Right. On top of something if-ish that came down from migrants to California. California soul food, California versions of country food that came from the Dust Bowl and minor food. Mm-hmm. Among many other things. And being in L.A. taught me, your hometown, taught me a lot about Southern food. Because it's asking the question, what remains, what stays, and what's going to change, what's never going to be?

50:46That's how you really think about what those icons are and what they've done. Yeah, I'm curious, after working on the book, how do you feel about your own Southern identity? confirmed a little prouder a little more you know because i think for some people i i code switch a lot so when i'm speaking to you i'm using my best their english voice but when i'm at home i'm talking to my husband i'm talking to my animals and i talk to lorelei and I say, girl, get down from there. Go on. You know, talking to my granddaddy. Where you fitting to go? You know, it's because there is a certain double standard and linguistic red line around the way Southerners speak, particularly Black Southerners.

51:40And so, no, I'm not going to talk to you like that. I'm going to speak to you like this so I can get your professional confidence. but once I get agitated or angry or in love, I'm going to speak the way that my granddaddy and them talk. And I'm very, and that gives me, this gives me an oomph because I think some people think Southern don't mean us, but you can't even, you can't do nothing Southern without us, us meaning black Southerners and us meaning Southerners of color and also queer Southerners. and also I make a point to say our cuisine was invented by our women who are often not thanked and disrespected even though the first one of the first cooking shows in America is Lena Richard and then there's the great Natalie Dupree late Natalie Dupree among others and and on and on and on and so it's so critical to remind people how far we've come and how far we got to go.

52:48No, I really appreciate you saying that. I think at the end of the book, you're giving a great list of references of people whose work you find inspirational and you make a point of calling out these Southern women and what they've kind of brought to that. So I think it's fitting to maybe end our conversation today on that note as well. I wish I had time to keep talking to you forever, but I think this is a great start. And if people are interested in hearing more from you, then they should obviously check out your book. Absolutely. I'm really proud of this. I just wanted to say, speaking of those women, those ladies, that when I was 11 years old, I told my grandmother, Hazel Todd Tells, and I said, Grammy, I said, I'm going to write a big book about the South, all about the South.

53:32This happens. She's long been gone, but this would have been her 100th birthday this year. Wow. So this is a great dedicated to my grandmother, born in Birmingham, Alabama in 1925. Well, I'll be thinking of your grandma and of a lot of these dishes for a long time. So thank you again, Michael. Thank you so much.

53:55This is Taste is hosted and produced by Matt Rodbard and me, Eliza Abarbanel. The show is edited by lead producer Clayton Gumber and supervised by Pat Stango, director of media production and development at Penguin Random House. Thanks to Shalia Harris and the production team at Penguin Random House. Theme music by Steve Rydell. Logo and guest illustrations by Ellie Skrzat. Visit Taste online at tastecooking.com and make sure to subscribe to our newsletter to keep updated on all cool things in the world of taste.

From the publisher

Michael W. Twitty is an acclaimed culinary historian and the author of the two-time James Beard Award–winning book The Cooking Gene as well as Rice and Koshersoul. His encyclopedic new book, Recipes from the American South, is a deeply researched, home cook’s guide to the vast genre of Southern cuisine, offering historical insight alongside a diverse array of recipes. It’s a delight having him on the show to talk about bringing this book to life.  

And, at the top of the show, it’s the return of Three Things, where Aliza and Matt talk about what is exciting them in the world of restaurants, cookbooks, and the food world as a whole. On this episode: A visit to Ceres in New York. Is the pie worth the hype? Also, Long Island Bar is serving elite fried cheese curds, Michigan’s Madcap Coffee is one of America’s finest roasters, and sampling some great teas from Brooklyn’s Raazi Tea. Plus, Spicewalla is now selling Umbrian olive oil, and Big Night has a new uptown location.
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